research.docx

1. Which of the following is NOT a method of quantitative research?

A. Grounded Theory Research

B. Correlational Research

C. Quasi-Experimental Research

D. Experimental Research

Answer Key2. The grounded theory approach was developed by

A. Heidegger

B. Glaser and Strauss

C. Husserl

D. Denzin

Answer Key3. Deductive Reasoning is applied in:

A. Qualitative research

B. Quantitative research

C. Action research

D. Applied research

Answer Key4. Which of the following is a qualitative research design where lived experiences of individuals are examined in their "life-world"?

A. Ethnography

B. Ethology

C. Phenomenology

D. Grounded theory

Answer Key5. Which of the following is a characteristic of qualitative research?

A. Deductive process

B. Control over the context

C. Fixed research design

D. Inductive process

Answer Key6. Qualitative research design involves

A. Emergent design

B. Correlative design

C. Experimental design

D. Cohort design

Answer Key7. Phenomenological study involves all the following features, EXCEPT

A. Bracket out

B. Intuition

C. Analysis

D. Description

E. Manipulation

Answer Key8. Which of the following qualitative methods focuses on description and interpretation of cultural behavior?

A. Phenomenology

B. Grounded theory

C. Ethnography

D. Symbolic interactionism

Answer Key9. The area of inquiry in grounded theory approach is

A. Holistic view of culture

B. Lived experiences

C. Behaviour observed over time in natural context

D. Social structural processes with in social setting

Answer Key10. The research design in which the area inquiry is the manner by which people make sense of social interactions:

A. Grounded theory

B. Phenomenology

C. Symbolic interactionism

D. Ethnography

Answer Key11. The term triangulation was coined by:

A. Denzin (1989)

B. Leininger (1985)

C. Glaser and Strauss (1967)

D. Heidegger

Answer Key12. In qualitative research, a guiding principle in deciding sample size is:

A. Effect size

B. Number of variables

C. Data saturation

D. Sub-group analysis

Answer Key13. The term refers to the use of multiple referents to draw conclusions about what constitutes the truth:

A. Item analysis

B. Factor analysis

C. Error measurement

D. Triangulation

Answer Key14. Characteristics of qualitative research design are

A. Flexible and elastic design

B. Use of mixed methodologies

C. Ongoing analysis to formulate subsequent strategies

D. Researcher becomes the instrument

E. All of the above

Answer Key15. The tendency in qualitative research to derive a complex array of data from a variety of sources, using variety of methods is termed as:

A. Triangulation

B. Bricolage

C. Cross-tabulation

D. Confirmability

1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. D6. A 7. E 8. C 9. D 10. C11. A 12. C 13. D 14. E 15. B

1. As a professional, a nurse can do research for varied reason except:

-For financial gains

2. Each nurse participants was asked to identify a problem. After the identification of the research problem, which of the following should be done?

-Review of related literature

3. Which of the following communicate the results of the research to the readers? They facilitate the description of the data.

-Tables and Graphs

4. In Quantitative date, which of the following is described as the distance in the scoring unites of the variable from the highest to the lower?

-Range

5. This expresses the variability of the data in reference to the mean. It provides as with a numerical estimate of how far, on the average the separate observation are from the mean:

-Standard deviation

6. According to the WHO statistics on the Homeless population around the world. Which of the following groups of people in the world disproportionately represents the homeless population?

-Asians

7. All but one of the following is not a measure of Central Tendency.

-Variance

8. In an array of: 88, 81, 89, 88, 90, 92, 90: What is the mean?

-88.3

9. In the value: 80, 80, 80, 82, 82, 90, 90,100, 90. What is the mode?

-85

10. In the value 80, 80, 10, 10, 25, 65, 100, 200: What is the median?

-72.5

11. Draw Lots, Lottery, Table of random numbers or a sampling that ensures that each element of the population has an equal and independent chance of being chosen is called:

-Simple

12. A researcher wants to determine some of the problems that are experienced by diabetic clients when using an Insulin pump. The investigation went into a clinic where he personally knows several diabetic clients having problem with insulin pump. The type of sampling done by the investigator is called:

-Purposive

13. If the researcher implemented a new structured counseling program with a randomized group of subject and a routine counseling program with another randomized group of subject, the research is utilizing which design?

-Experimental

14. Which of the following is not true about a Pure Experimental Research?

-There is a careful selection of subjects in the experimental group

15. The researcher implemented a medication regimen using a new type of combination of drugs to manic patients while another group of manic patient receives the routine drugs. The researcher however handpicked the experimental group for they are the clients with multiple episodes of bipolar disorder. The researcher utilized which research design?

-Quasi-experimental

16. You are interested to study the effects of medication and tactile stimulation on the pain experienced by the cancer patients. What type of variable is pain?

-Dependent

17. You would like to compare the support system of patient with chronic illness to those with acute illness. How will you best state your problem?

-A comparative analysis of the support system of patients with chronic illness and those with acute illness

18. You would like to compare the support system of patients with chronic illness to those with acute illness. Considering that the hypothesis was: “Clients with chronic illness have lesser support system than clients with acute illness.” What type of research is this?

-Descriptive

19. In any research study where individual persons are involved, it is important that an informed consent of the study is obtained. The following are essential information about the consent that you should disclose to the prospective subject except:

-Consent to incomplete

20. In the hypothesis: “The utilization of technology in teaching improves the retention and attention of the nursing students.” Which is the dependent variable?

-Nursing students

21. Which type of research inquiry investigates the issue of human complexity (e.g. understanding the human expertise)?

-natural inquiry

22. Which of the following studies is based on quantitative research?

-A study measuring the effects of sleep deprivation on patients healing

23. Which of the following studies is based on the qualitative research?

-A study examining client’s reaction to stress after open heart surgery

24. An 75 year old client in a nursing home tells a nurse, “I signed the papers of that research study because the doctor was so insistent and I want him to continue taking care for me”. Which client right is being violated?

-Right of self determination

25. A supposition or system of ideas that is proposed to explain a given phenomenon best defines:

-A theory

26. A nursing student wants to know if the of time she will study for the board examination is proportional to her board rating. During the June 2008 board examination. She studied for 6 months and gained 60%. On the next board exam, she studied for 6 months again for a total of 1 year and gained 74%. On the third board exam, she studied for 6 months for a total of 1 and a half year and gained 82%. The research she used is:

-Experimental Study

27. Anton was always eating high fat diet. You want to determine if what will be the effect of high cholesterol food to Anton in the next 10 years. You will use:

-Comparative

28.Barangay A was selected randomly as well as Barangay B, Nurse Edly conducted teaching to Barangay A and assess if Barangay A will have a better status than Barangay B. This is an example of:

-Experimental

29. Ana researched on the development of a new way to measure intelligence by creating a 100 item questionnaire that will assess the cognitive skills of an individual. The design best suited for this study is:

-Methodological

30 . A nurse is conducting a research study on how mark, an AIDS client lives his life. A design suited for this is:

-Phenomenological

31. A nurse researcher is to perform a study about how nurses perform surgical asepsis during World War II. A design for this study is:

-Historica

32. Which among the following is the most important characteristic of a sample?

-Representativeness

33. A student nurse visited a tribe located somewhere in China. She studied the way of life, tradition and the societal structure of these people. Which among the following is an appropriate research design?

-Ethnographic

34. A nurse researched on TB. Its transmission, Causative agent and factors, treatment,

sign and symptoms as well as medication and all other in depth information about

tuberculosis. This study is best suited for which research design?

-Case Study

35. What does a sample group represent?

-Study subjects

36. Random sampling ensures that each subject has:

An equal chance of selection

37. Which of the following methods allows the use of any group of research subject?

-Convenience

38. You decided to include 5 barangays in your municipality and chose a sampling method

that would get representative samples from each barangay. What should be the

appropriate method ofor you to use in this care?

-Cluster sampling

39. Which of the following might prevent the conduct of a research study?

-in order to gather data for the research, excessive risk to subject is required

40. Every year we discover new methods or gadgets to improve man’s life. The research

typed used of this nature is:

-applied

41. As experimental research designs have their strengths, so does non-experimental

researches. Which of the following statements is NOT one of the strengths of non-

experimental designs?

-useful for predictive purposes

42. A research on “Surgical Instrument Availability” will help the surgical team:

streamline instrument inventory

43. A patient is participating in a cardiac study in which his physician is directly involved.

Which statement by the patientindicates a lack of understanding about his rights as a

research study participant?

“ I’ll have to find a new physician if I don’t complete this study”

44. The nurse researcher mutually agreed with the research subjects that all personal data

of the subjects shall be kept confidential. To safeguard anonymity of data after the report is

written, the nurse researcher should:

burn or shred the papers

45. The information that an investigator collects from the subjects or participants in a

research study is usually called:

Data

46. Which of the following usually refers to the independent variables in doing research?

-Cause

47. The recipients of experimental treatment are an experimental design or the individuals

to be observed in a non-experimental design are called:

Subjects

48. The device or techniques an investigator employs to collect data is called?

Instrument

49. The use of another person’s ideas or wordings giving appropriate credit results from

inaccurate attribution of materials to its sources. Which of the following is referred to when

another person’s idea is inappropriate credited as one’s own?

Plagiarism

50. A nurse researcher wants to do a study on this topic: “Effects of massage and

meditation on stress and pain”. The type of research that best suits this topic is:

Applied research

51. The type of research design that does not manipulate the independent variable is:

Non-experimental design

52. This research topic has the potential to contribute to nursing because it seeks to

enhance client care

53. A researcher does review of related literature for the purpose of

gathering data about what is already known or unknown about the problem

54. Client’s rights should be protected when doing research using human subjects. These

rights below are correct EXCEPT:

right to compensation

55. In both quantitative and qualitative research, the used of a frame of reference is

required. Which of the following items serves as the purpose of a framework?

Organizes the development of study and links the findings to nursing’s body of knowledge

56. Mikee needs to review relevant literature and studies. The following processes are

undertaken in reviewing literature EXCEPT:

clarifying a research topic

57. The primary purpose for reviewing literature is to:

generate broad background and understanding of information related to the research

problem of interest

58. SITUATION: Myrna, a researcher, proposes a study on the relationship between

health values and the health promotion activities of staff nurses in a selected college of

nursing. In formulating the research hypotheses, researcher Myrna should state the

research question as:

What is the response of the staff nurses to the health values?

-Is there a significant relationship between health values and health promotion

activities of the staff nurses?

59. Evidence-based care started in medicine as a way to:

Integrate individual experience with clinical research

60. Who is the first nurse researcher?

Florence Nightingale

1. Nursing Research can be classified according to the time frame the research study

has been made. As a nurse, you know that the study entitled “Knowledge and

practice of Staff Nurses in preventing needle prick injuries in a private hospital in

Manila is classified as:

Descriptive Research

2. Nursing Research has a lot of purposes. Which of the following category do the

study about sociodemographic profile of nursing students and their risk for

depression belong?

Exploration

3. In an experimental research, as a nurse there must be an essential activity

wherein the participants of the study will be able to understand the whole

experimental design. This term is called:

Debriefing

4. Ethics in Nursing Research has always been an issue when it comes to the identity

of the respondents. When the topics of research are very sensitive, which of the

following rights of individual participants must be ensured when the researcher

cannot link the information given by the respondent from the source of the

information?

Anonymity

5. In starting a focused group discussion, Nurse Dina wants to stress out the

confidentiality of the topics that they will be discussing. Which of the following

instruction convey confidentiality?

“This discussion should only be confined within this group of people. Any

information discussed should not be told publicly.

6. No. 6 – 10. Situation No.1 – “Knowledge and practice of prevention of needle prick

injuries of Staff Nurses in a certain private hospital in Metro Manila”Based on the

research title which of the following will be the general objective?

-This study aims to determine the level of knowledge and practice of prevention of

needle prick injuries of Staff Nurses in a certain private hospital

7. All of these are specific objectives except:

This study is for nursing researchers in the future

8. s a nurse, you know the appropriate data gathering tool, this is?

Questionnaire

9. As a nurse, these are the following topics in the scope and limitations except:

Limited to the hospital personnel of a private hospital;

10. Which of the following is not a null hypothesis?

-There is a significant relationship between the knowledge and sociodemographic

profile of staff nurses

11. Which of the following would correspond to Intervene in Nursing Process?

-Implement planned study

12. Which of the following would correspond to Plan in Nursing Process?

-Select design plan

13. When it comes to steps in Problem Solving, which of the following would be similar

in research where in you implement the planned study?

-Gather, analyse relevant information

14. Using the Research perspective, when is the time that a nurse makes inferences?

-Formulate a problem, define variables

15. Which of the following is does not belong to the group?

-Plan: Theorize

16. In selecting a problem, these are the following consideration except:

Talents

17. These are the purpose of Review of Related Literature except:

-Reveal what is the problem

18. As a nurse, you know the following a functions of theoretical framework, except:

-Give a graphic view of the data

19. Which of the following would not be Qualitative Research?

-A Review on the Performance in Related Learning Experience of student nurses

20. Using statistics in nursing research is a very vital tool in presenting the data. As a

nurse you know the definition of sampling as:

-Process of selecting a portion of the population to represent the entire population

21. In gathering information, as a nurse these are the reliable sources except:

-Grapevine

22. As a nurse educator, you want to know the reasons behind the leave of absences

of student nurses. These tool can be used except?

-Pre-Test & Post-Test

23. Upon gathering the data, which of the following can describe the most number of

reasons of leave of absence?

-Mode

24. If you want to know the average age of the nursing students who has the most

number of leave of absence you will need:

-Mean

25. After all the data presented, what part of descriptive statistics will you use in order

to place a systematic arrangement of numerical values from lowest to highest?

-Frequency Distribution

1. A nurse who reads research articles and incorporates research findings into nursing practice would demonstrate which of the following research roles?

A.ConsumerB.Primary investigatorC.CollaboratorD.Producer

2. Florence Nightingale is most noted for which of the following contributions to nursing research?

A.Case study approach to researchB.Data collection and analysisC.Framework and model developmentD.Quasi-experimental study design

3. Which of the following historical events had a major impact on the funding for nursing research?

A.Development of local, national, and international nursing research conferences by Sigma Theta Tau

B.Initiation of the Agency for Health Care Policy and ResearchC.Formation of the National Institute for Nursing ResearchD.Development of a Nursing Research Council as part of the American

Nurses Association

4. An example of inductive reasoning is:A.reasoning from all chronically ill patients to a single chronically

ill patientB.reasoning from a single diabetic patient to all diabetic patientsC.using a standard nursing care plan to care for a specific patientD.using a computerized nursing care plan to care for insulin-dependent

diabetic patients.

5. Quantitative and qualitative research approaches are particularly useful in nursing because they:

A.are easy to implement.B.require few resources.C.are both process oriented.D.balance each other by generating different types of nursing

knowledge.

6. Which of the following types of research involve at least some control by the researcher to implement the study treatment?

A.CorrelationalB.DescriptiveC.Quasi-experimentalD.Experimental

7. In which type of research is there high researcher control, random sampling, and laboratory setting?

A.DescriptiveB.CorrelationalC.QuasiexperimentalD.Experimental

8. Benner (1984) emphasizes the importance of acquiring clinical knowledge and expertise through:

A.Professional experienceB.Personal experienceC.Academic experience

9. What category of research is suggested by the following research question?"Does telephone follow-up by nurses improve patients' compliance with their medication regimens?"

A.Applied researchB.Basic researchC.descriptive researchD.phenomenological research

10. A researcher investigates the effect of frequency of position change on healing of decubitus ulcers. The study would be described as:

A.applied researchB.basic researchC.descriptive researchD.phenomenological research

11. Applied research seeks to solve a clinical problem in which setting?

A.ControlledB.LaboratoryC.NaturalD.Simulated

12. A researcher designs a study that uses a random sampling method to

decrease the likelihood of bias in the study sample. This strategy was used to implement:

A.manipulationB.controlC.data collectionD.experimental research

13. Which of the following definitions best describes rigor in quantitative research?

A.Time frame in which the research takes placeB.Degree of aggressiveness used in acquiring the dataC.Amount of control and precision exerted by the methodologyD.Process used to synthesize findings to form conclusions from a study

14. A researcher is interested in studying stress and coping in caregivers of elderly stroke victims. The researcher designs a study where data collection takes place in the caregiver's home. This would be an example of which type of research setting?

A.Natural, fieldB.Highly controlled, fieldC.Partially controlled, laboratoryD.Highly controlled, laboratory

15. Problem identification in the research process would be equivalent to which step in the nursing process?

A.Goal identificationB.Data interpretationC.Identifying solutionsD.Nursing diagnosis

16. The plan in the problem-solving process is equivalent to which step in the research process?

A.OutcomesB.DesignC.ImplementationD.Goal identification

17. The research process differs from the nursing process on which of the following?

A.Identifies new informationB.involves abstract, critical thinkingC.has a broader focusD.utilizes complex thinking

18. Which of the following would identify the specific aim or goal of the study based on the identified problem?

A.PurposeB.Literature reviewC.MethodologyD.Assumptions

19. Research subjects in a study of quality of life (QOL) in liver

transplant recipients were asked to complete a questionnaire about their experiences following transplantation. Which of the following would be a likely assumption the researcher made in relation to this study?

A.Subjects will complete every item on the questionnaire.B.Subjects are able to identify a personal awareness of QOL.C.All liver transplant recipients invited to participate in the study

will complete a questionnaireD.QOL is an important issue to liver transplant recipients.

20. Before implementing a large, multisite research investigation, a researcher conducts a smaller study of the planned study to identify any problematic areas. This smaller study is known as a(n):

A.abstractB.exploratory designC.pilot studyD.proposal

21. The researcher uses which portion of the research report to capture the reader's attention?

- Abstract-

22. The sentence "The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between health beliefs and breast self-examination" would most likely be found in which section of a research report?

- Abstract-

23. The initial and one of the most significant steps in conducting the research process is:

A.defining the research variables.B.identifying the research problem.C.stating the research purpose.D.determining the feasibility of the study.

24. The purpose statement should identify the study variable(s) and what other key aspect of the study?

A.DesignB.measurement toolsC.populationD.statistics

25. One important source for identification of a research problem would be:

A.nursing practiceB.research textbookC.nursing code of ethicsD.practice guidelines

26. In the literature report of a study on quality of life, the researcher describes two previous investigations suggesting that spirituality is related to quality of life. This information

suggests the current study is significant because it:A.influences theology.B.builds on previous research.C.challenges existing theory.D.addresses multidisciplinary concerns.

27. Feasibility is determined by examining which of the following?A.Researcher's credibilityB.Significance of research problemC.Availability of subjectsD.Previous studies

28. In a research proposal, the investigator notes that written permission has been obtained from three local hospitals to access patients for the proposed study. This is an example of what aspect of a study?

A.ReliabilityB.MethodologyC.EthicsD.Feasibility

29. A research hypothesis:A.predicts the expected results or outcomes of the studyB.defines the theoretical framework for the studyC.identifies the source of the problem under studyD.clarifies the concepts used in the study

30. The statement "This study explores the experience of caregiving by adult daughters of parents with Alzheimer disease" is an example of which of the following?

A.ObjectiveB.QuestionC.Simple hypothesisD.Complex hypothesis

31. What type of hypothesis is the following? "Normal saline flush with heparin is more effective than normal saline flush alone in maintaining patency of an intermittent intravenous site."

A.Simple, researchB.Complex, nondirectionalC.Complex, causalD.Simple, directional

32. What type of hypothesis is the following?"Cancer patients who receive music therapy complain less frequently of pain and require less pain medication than cancer patients not receiving music therapy."

A.Complex, directional hypothesisB.Simple, associative hypothesisC.Simple, nondirectional hypothesisD.Complex, null hypothesis

33. What type of hypothesis is the following? "Low-fat diet is related to lower total cholesterol and higher HDL (high-density lipoprotein)."

A.Complex, directional, causalB.Complex, directional, associativeC.Simple, nondirectional, researchD.Simple, directional, causal

34. The dependent variable is:A.a stimulus or activity that is varied by the researcher.B.the quality, property, or characteristic identified in the problemC.a characteristic or element of the human subjects involved in the

studyD.the response or outcome that the researcher wants to understand

35. Identify the independent variable in the following hypothesis:"Cancer patients who receive music therapy complain less frequently of pain and require less pain medication than cancer patients not receiving music therapy."

A.Relaxation therapyB.Complaints of painC.Pain medication useD.Music therapy

36. Hypotheses: "Structured preoperative support is more effective in reducing surgical patients' perception of pain and request for analgesics than structured postoperative support." Question: "Request for analgesics" is the:

A.independent variable.B.dependent variable.C.attribute variableD.extraneous variable

37. Hypotheses: "Structured preoperative support is more effective in reducing surgical patients' perception of pain and request for analgesics than structured postoperative support." Question: "Perception of pain" is the:

A.independent variable.B.dependent variable.C.attribute variable.D.extraneous variable

38. Hypotheses: "Structured preoperative support is more effective in reducing surgical patients' perception of pain and request for analgesics than structured postoperative support." Question: "Type of support" is

A.independent variable.B.dependent variableC.attribute variableD.extraneous variable

39. Hypotheses: "Structured preoperative support is more effective in

reducing surgical patients' perception of pain and request for analgesics than structured postoperative support." This hypothesis is

A.simple, directional, researchB.complex, nondirectional, nullC.complex, directional, researchD.simple, nondirectional, statistical

40. The statement below is an example of which of the following? "In this study, pain is reflected as a score between 0 and 10 on the Post-operative Pain Rating Scale."

A.Problem statementB.Conceptual definitionC.Associative hypothesisD.Operational definition

41. In which section of the research report might the problem statement be located?

A.Literature reviewB.MethodsC.ResultsD.Implications

42. The literature review section of a research report might include a summary of which of the following?

A.Empirical literatureB.Funding sourcesC.Proposed methods and designD.Description of study sample

43. Which of the following represents a primary source?A.A thesaurus that identifies key words to use in a computer searchB.The results of a computer search related to the primary topic of

interestC.A report of a study written by the researcher who did the studyD.A published summary of the relevant research in a primary care area

44. At what point is the literature review conducted in a qualitative investigation?

A.Prior to study implementationB.During study implementationC.After study completionD.Depends on the type of study

45. Which of the following types of information is consistently covered in a quantitative literature review?

A.Descriptions of effective clinical outcomesB.Anecdotal opinions of expert researchersC.Approaches used to investigate similar problemsD.Clinical impressions of related phenomena

46. The primary purpose for reviewing relevant literature is to:

A.select the research design.B.delineate the existing knowledge base of an identified problemC.interpret previous research findingsD.develop conceptual and operational definitions of variables

47. A crucial resource for researchers conducting a literature review would be:

A.a secondary source.B.an academic library.C.lay literatureD.a research mentor

48. Which numbers are evenA.2B.3C.4D.6E.7

49. Which of the following indexes would provide the largest number of relevant nursing sources?

A.International Nursing IndexB.Nursing Studies IndexC.Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health LiteratureD.Index Medicus

50. A critical aspect of beginning a database search for relevant literature on a topic of interest involves identifying:

A.reference management softwareB.electronic journalsC.keywordsD.existing knowledge

51. In the following APA formatted reference, what does the 21 refer to? Harris, R. M., Bausell, R. B., Scott, D. E.,Hetherington, S. E., & Kavanagh, K. H. (1998). An intervention for changing high-risk HIV behaviors of African American drug-dependent women. Research in Nursing and Health, 21(3), pp. 239-250.

A.volume numberB.issue numberC.chapter numberD.bibliographic reference

52. What is the arrow pointing to?

A.AortaB.Scalene musclesC.DiaphraghmD.Left lung

53. One advantage of an integrative review of research is that:A.previous research findings have been synthesized.B.multidisciplinary literature has been filtered out.C.emphasis is placed on what is not known.D.statistical analyses of the summarized research are conducted.

54. A study framework reflects the:A.blueprint for the studyB.specific plan for data collectionC.data analysis strategyD.researcher's "theory" or idea about the study

55. A researcher theorizes that walking three times per week will minimize the likelihood of premature labor in at-risk pregnant women. The researcher initiates a research program to test this theory. This research study is attempting to validate what aspect of theory?

A.DevelopmentB.ExplanationC.PredictionD.Strategies for controlling outcomes

56. Which of the following is true about theoretical frameworks used in research?

A.Theories offer precise guidance in all situations.B.Theories prove how concepts are related to one another.C.Theories represent ultimate truth and are congruent with reality.D.Theories are constructed by people and are tentative in nature.

57. "Abstract" is defined in research as:A.particular and realisticB.not well-defined and generalC.well-defined and preciseD.concrete and specific

58. Which of the following is true about the relationship between a study framework and the hypotheses?

A.The framework and hypotheses must be congruent with each other.B.The hypotheses are not meant to be testable, but the framework is.C.If the hypotheses are stated, the researcher does not need to have a

framework.D.Hypotheses are inductively identified within the stated framework.

59. The framework and conceptual map for a study:A.are always included in the study report.B.are usually clearly identified in the report.C.often must be inferred by the reader from the text of the report.D.should be referred to only at the end of the study.

60. Which of the following represents the most concrete term?A.VariableB.ConceptC.FrameworkD.Construct

61. Conceptual definitions are important because:A.the meanings of terms may differ depending on the study framework.B.they tell others how the concept will be measured in the study.C.they provide a dictionary definition that can be understood by

everyoneD.they suggest how to precisely measure the variables of interest

62. In the research report, a theoretical statement:A.will always be clearly identifiedB.should only be discussed in the framework sectionC.may be impliedD.can be omitted if variables are not yet well defined

63. Which relationship diagram below best represents the following hypothesis?"Conventional gauze dressings cause fewerskin changes in wound sites than dohydrocolloid or hydroactive dressings."

A.Gauze dressing ----------> skin changesB.Type of dressing ---------> skin changes

C.Type of dressing wound siteD.Gauze dressing

64. Which of the following responses best describes the relational statement that is diagrammed below? Pain perception <------- (+) --------> Anxiety

A.Increased perception of pain causes anxiety.B.Anxiety causes increased pain perception.C.Pain perception and anxiety are positively related to one anotherD.Pain perception and anxiety are inversely related.