Yong Ho RYU Professor, International Nuclear Safety School Research Reactor Safety Regulations in Korea ANNur/IAEA Annual Meeting on the Safety and Licensing of Research Reactors Egypt Nuclear Regulatory Authority (ENRA), Cairo, Egypt 28 August – 1 September, 2016
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Yong Ho RYUProfessor, International Nuclear Safety School
Research Reactor Safety Regulations
in Korea
ANNur/IAEA Annual Meeting on the Safety and Licensing of Research ReactorsEgypt Nuclear Regulatory Authority (ENRA), Cairo, Egypt
Objectives of nuclear regulation :• To protect the public health and safety from radiation
hazards, and• To protect the environment from any subsequent
harmful effects
Nuclear regulation should cover all stages of nuclear reactor project development and implementation, including:• Site selection• Design• Manufacturing• Construction• Operation• Decommissioning
Slide 2
Slide 3Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Regulatory Principles
The Regulator Body operates and conducts its oversight
activities pursuant to the following five principles defined as:
• Excellence
• Independence
• Transparency
• Impartiality
• Reliability
The most important aspect is its effective independence from
the promoters of nuclear technology as addressed by the IAEA
The Convention on Nuclear Safety (Article 8.2) addresses:
“Each Contracting Party shall take the appropriate steps
to ensure an effective separation between the functions
of the regulatory body and those of any other body or
organization concerned with the promotion or utilization
of nuclear energy.”
Slide 3
Slide 4Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Governmental Organizations for Nuclear Safety
President
Prime Minister
KINS
Nuclear Safety and Security Commission
(NSSC)
Ministry of Science, ICT and Future
Planning(MSIP)
Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy
(MOTIE)
Nuclear Energy
Promotion
Nuclear Research and
Development
Nuclear Safety Regulation
Technical Support for
Nuclear Safety Regulation
KHNP KAERI
Slide 5Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
National Policy and Strategy in Korea
Nuclear Safety Charter - 2001
• Clarifies that nuclear safety is the top priority in nuclear activities
• All provisions on nuclear safety regulation and radiation protection
• Separated from Atomic Energy Act enacted in 1958
• Supplemented by “Act on Physical Protection and Radiological
Emergency - 2003”
Slide 6Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Nuclear Safety Policy Framework
Slide 7Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Legal Framework
Industrial Codes and Standards
(ASME, IEEE, ACI, KEPIC, etc.)
The Act provides the bases and fundamental matters regarding the development and utilization of nuclear energy and safety regulations.
Nuclear Safety Act
EnforcementDecree of the Act
(Presidential Decree)
Regulation of the Act
(Ministerial Ordinance)
Notice of the Ministry
Regulatory Standards
Regulatory Guides
Safety Review & Inspection Guides
The Decree provides particulars entrusted by the Act, necessary for the enforcement of the Act.
The Regulation provides the technical standards and particulars entrusted by the Act and the Decree such as detailed procedures and format of documents.
The Notice provides detailed particulars for the technical standards and guidelines.
Codes and Standards for materials, designs, tests, and inspections of components and equipment
The Regulatory Standards and Guides provide the interpretation, detailed criteria, acceptable methods, conditions, and specifications of the technical standards.
The Safety Review & Inspection Guides provide the staff guidance in carrying out regulatory activities.
Slide 8Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Comparison with IAEA Standards
Nuclear Safety Charter
Nuclear Safety Policy Statement
Nuclear Safety Act
Enforcement Decrees
Enforcement Regulations
Notices of NSSC
Regulatory Standards
Regulatory Guides
National Policy and Strategy
Regulations
Guides
(Safety Guides)
ER Tech. Standards
Industrial C&S (KEPIC, ASME, IEEE,
ASTM etc.)Codes & Standards
Safety Requirements
Safety Fundamentals
Slide 9Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Research Reactors in Korea
KRR-1 KRR-2 AGN-201 HANARO KJRR
Location Seoul (KAERI) Seoul (KAERI) Suwon (KHU) Daejeon (KAERI) Kijang (KAERI)
Status Decomm. Decomm. Operating Operating Review of CP
KHU: Kyung-Hee University, KAERI: Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, AECL: Atomic Energy of Canada LimitedGA: General Atomic, AGN: Aerojet General Nucleonics
Slide 10Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Construction Permit (CP)
Operating License (OL)
Periodic Safety Review
Approval for Decommissioning
Siting
Design
Construction
Commissioning
Operation
Decommissioning(Close-out or closure)
Authorization for Research Reactors
Slide 11Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Legal Basis for Research Reactor Authorization
Regulation Phase Nuclear Power Plants
Research Reactors
Construction Permit NS Act, Article 10 NS Act, Article 30
Basically, standards for CP/OL of RRs should be applied
based on ‘mutatis mutandis’ of those of NPPs.
mutatis mutandis means apply with necessary modifications
Slide 13Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Regulatory Guides for Research Reactors
Regulatory Guides for Regulatory Review and Inspection:
• KINS has developed detailed regulatory guides for licensing review, inspection, and radiation protection.
• Guides are not legally binding but used by KINS’ staff as references.
• Safety Review Guides for Research Reactor Facilities (KINS/GE-N10)
Slide 13
Slide 14Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Regulatory Inspection
Regulatory inspection on the performance of a reactor
facility is stipulated in Articles 16 and 23-2 of the Nuclear
Safety Act.
It embraces the following inspections :
• Pre-operational inspection
• Regulatory periodical inspection
• Daily inspection by resident inspectors
• QA inspection
• Vendor inspection
• Special Inspection
As for research reactors, daily inspection is not carried
out as no resident inspectors are assigned.
Slide 14
Slide 15Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Regulatory Inspection on Research Reactors
TypeConstruction Decommissioning
Planned
Pre-operational Inspection
Confirmation
and
Check-up
Quality Assurance (QA) Inspection
Special Inspection (Ad Hoc) (Safety Issues, Safety Culture, etc.)
ReactiveSpecial Inspection (Incident)
(Incident Response & Investigation, etc.)
Operation ContinuedOperation
Periodic Inspection
Slide 16Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Regulatory Inspection on Research Reactors (cont’d)
Pre-operational Inspection
• Performed in compliance with safety assessment results
and safety analysis reports, and in reference to the
project milestones
• Confirmation of the adequacy of materials, components,
systems and structures, as well as construction related
activities, processes, procedures and technical capability
• If the licensee passes all the pre-operational inspections,
then the OL is officially issued by the NSSC.
Slide 16
Slide 17Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Regulatory Inspection on Research Reactors (cont’d)
Periodic Inspection
• Confirms that the performance of the reactor and relevant facility is actually maintained in the state of passing the pre-operational inspection
• Periodically conducted every 24 months
• Consists of standard inspection items that are established beforehand
• The RB approves the re-start of the reactor after the Periodic Inspection is completed.
Slide 17
Slide 18Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Regulatory Inspection on Research Reactors (cont’d)
Quality Assurance (QA) Inspection
• Checks the quality assurance activities of the licensee that should be performed in accordance with the QA program approved by the regulatory authority
• Carried out every 24 months
• Verifies the effectiveness of QA Program (QAP) and the adequacy of applicant’s QA activities
• Performed in reference to the QAP approved by the regulatory body, in a programmatic manner.
Slide 18
Slide 19Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Regulatory Inspection on Research Reactors (cont’d)
Special Inspection
• Initiated in response to unexpected/unplanned/unusual situations or events and safety significant issues as necessary
• Inspections ordered by the Chairman of the NSSC
Special Safety Inspections were conducted to check the safety status on all operating NPPs in Korea right after the Fukushima accidents.
Slide 19
Slide 20Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Enforcement Actions
Construction Phase
• Enforcement for failure to meet standards, violations of matters
described in the license documents
Nuclear Safety Act, Article 16 (Inspection)
• Enforcement for revocation of permit or suspension of construction
work
Nuclear Safety Act, Article 17 (Revocation, etc. of CP)
Operation Phase
• Enforcement for failure to meet standards, violations of matters
described in the license documents
Nuclear Safety Act, Article 22-2 (Inspection)
• Enforcement for revocation of license or suspension of operation
Nuclear Safety Act, Article 24 (Revocation, etc. of OL)
Slide 21Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Types of Licenses for Nuclear Workers
Nuclear licenses for nuclear workers are classified as follows :
• License for Senior Nuclear Fuel Material Handler
• License for Nuclear Fuel Material Handler
• License for Radioisotope Handler
• License for Radioisotope Handler in Medical Use
• License for Radiation Handling Supervisor
• License for Senior Reactor Operator
• License for Reactor Operator
Slide 21
Slide 22Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Graded Approach in Research Reactor Regulation
(General Approach) Concept of Applying Graded Approach
(GA) based on:
• Hazard and potential impact (risks) associated with safety, health,
and environment;
• Safety analysis and engineering judgement;
• Significance and complexity of each regulatory activity;
• Experiences of the staff involved;
• Possible consequences in case of failure;
• Maturity level of the technology and operating experience
associated with the activities;
Justification/Demonstrations of licensee ensuring to fulfill
the safety requirements are required in accordance of
safety significance and GA concept.
Slide 23Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Graded Approach in Research Reactor Regulation (cont’d)
Application of Technical Standard (Regulations of NSSC
No.3, 11, etc.)
• Among the technical standards provided, certain
standards may not apply in those cases where it is
acknowledged by the NSSC that such standards are
not directly applicable to the relevant reactor facilities
due to the difference in the purpose of, the operational
principle of, or the design features of such facilities, or
that safety is not affected even if such standards are
not applied.
Legal basis for application of GA in licensing of research reactor
Slide 24Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Graded Approach in Research Reactor Regulation
Survey and evaluation of the impact of radiation on the
environment
• Reactors with thermal power less than 100 kwth are exempt from
survey and evaluation (NS Act, Article 104)
Public hearing for Radiation Environmental Impact
Analysis (CP, Renewal, Decommissioning)
• Required only for NPPs (NS Act, Article 103)
Periodic inspection
• For RR: within 24 Months, for NPP: within 20 Months
(Enforcement Regulation19)
Requirements for Quality Assurance
• QAP of KEPIC and ANSI/ANS 3.2 for NPP, ANSI/ANS 15.8 for RR
(NSSC Notice 2014-23)
Slide 25Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Graded Approach in Research Reactor Regulation
Exclusion Area
• Not established for Research Reactors with thermal power ≤10MWt
(Enforcement Decree 129)
RO/SRO for Research Reactors
• 1 kW class (~ 1kWt), 2 MW class (1kWt ~ 10 MWt),
10MW* class (10 ~ 100 MWt)
(NSSC Notice 2014-71)
Preventive protection Action Zones & Zones for planned Emergency
Protective actionsNPP RR
PAZ 3~5 km -
EPZ 20~30 km 2~10 MWt 0.5 km
10 ~ 50 MWt 1.5 km
50 ~100 MWt 5 km
* Refresher Training is required
Slide 26Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
Post-Fukushima Safety Measures
Re-evaluation of Seismic Performance of Reactor Building
Structure
• Evaluation of seismic performance for beyond design
basis earthquakes
• Analysis results show that parts of outside wall and roof
truss of HANARO reactor building do not meet the
design criteria (0.2g).
• HANARO operator submitted a seismic reinforcement
plan and got RB’s approval in May 2016.
• Currently, the reinforcement work is underway while the