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WELCOME
Research Ethics, Research Integrity and chemical Laboratory safety
Vijay P JadhavResearch Scholar
Dept. of Dairy Chemistry
Ethics Ethics are standards of moral conduct
Standards of right and wrong behavior A gauge of personal integrity The basis of trust and cooperation in
relationships with others
Research Ethics Rules for distinguishing between right and
wrong. Avoids Confucius during research. Most people learn ethical norms at home, at
school, in church, or in other social settings. Moral development occurs throughout life. Promote the aims of research, such as
knowledge, truth, and avoidance of error.
Ethical Principals Ethical principals are tools which are used
to think in difficult situations. Three useful ethical principals:
Minimizing harm Respecting autonomy Protecting privacy Treating people equitably Offering reciprocity
Need to follow Ethical principle
Promote the aims of research.
Prohibitions against falsifying, or misrepresenting research data promote the truth and avoid error.
Ethical standards promote the values that are essential to collaborative work, such as trust, accountability, mutual respect, and fairness.
Research Integrity
May be defined as “active adherence to the ethical principles and professional standards essential for the responsible practice of research”.
NAS report definition: "For individuals research integrity is an aspect of moral character and experience”.
It includes following practices HONESTY
convey information truthfully and honoring commitments ACCURACY
report findings precisely and take care to avoid errors EFFICIENCY
use resources wisely and avoid waste OBJECTIVITY
let the facts speak for themselves and avoid improper bias
Collegiality in scientific interactions, communications and sharing of resources.
Disclosure of conflicts of interest.
Humanity care of animals in the conduct of research.
Mutual Responsibil i t ies Adherence to the mutual responsibilities of mentors and
trainees.
Important TermsINTELLECTUAL PROPERTY:
Intangible creations protected by law
TRADE SECRET: Intellectual work or products belonging to a business, not in public domain
COPYRIGHT: Statutory grant protecting intellectual property from copying by others for 28 years
PATENT: Legal document granting owner exclusive monopoly on an invention for 17 years
Chemical Laboratory Safety
What are the additional hazards from chemical materials?
Toxic substances Solvents Corrosives Flammables Irritants Carcinogens Teratogens Mutagens Explosives Radiation and many, many more
How do toxic materials enter the body?
By mouth (contaminated fingers!)
By breathing in gases, aerosols or powder
By skin contact or damage By absorption through
intact skin By splashes into the eyes
What legislation applies? Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Use data sheets and other relevant information to
assess risk Consider not only reactants but also
intermediates, products and waste Take into account the format (e.g. solution or
powder) and the quantity to be used Determine safe working procedures Determine emergency procedures, ensuring that
all equipment and “mop-up” materials are available
Consider correct waste disposal
Fume Cupboards Ensure that the equipment
is working properly Ensure you know the
meaning of warning signals and how to use any controls
Close the sash unless loading or unloading
Do not use fume cupboards for storage
Keep the work area clear of other materials etc
Materials Obtain the minimumminimum amounts needed
for your work Ensure that all containers are clearly
labelledlabelled with their contents and a hazard label
Toxic materials must be locked awaylocked away Corrosive substances must be stored
securely at a low level in banded traysbanded trays Keep flammable materials in specially specially
designed cupboardsdesigned cupboards and only have out the minimum for immediate use (<50L per room)
Store acids, bases & solvents separately
Good practice Never mouth-pipette Always dilute
concentrated acids by adding the acid to water, never the reverse
Never carry Winchesters by the neck – always use a carrier
Always leave benches, balances etc. clean & tidy after use
Radio-Active Materials & Work with Lasers
Work with radio-active materials and lasers requires special training
You must notmust not use them without authorisation and training
Your Departmental Safety Staff can advise or contact Trevor Moseley in Safety Services
Work with Cyanides & Hydrofluoric Acid
If you plan to use Cyanides or Hydrofluoric Acid, you will have to have specific permission from your Departmental Safety Officer
Attendance at a training course at Safety Services will normally be required
The dangers of both substances, especially hydrofluoric acid can be greatly underestimated with potentially fatalfatal results.
They are both VERY VERY DANGEROUSDANGEROUS substances
When in doubt – ASK!!! Do not carry out a
new or unfamiliar procedure until you have been fully trained & understand the precautions necessary for safe working
DO NOT GUESS!!!!DO NOT GUESS!!!!
Bibliography J. P. Swazey, K. S. Louis, and M. S. Anderson, “The ethical training of
graduate students requires serious and continuing attention,” Chronicle of Higher Education 9 (March 1994):B1–2;
J. P. Swazey, “Ethical problems in academic research,” American Scientist 81(Nov./Dec. 1993):542–53.
Ethical Guidelines to Publication of Chemical Research (ACS Pubs.Div.) http://pubs.acs.org/userimages/ContentEditor/1218054468605/ethics.pdf
National lAcademy Press, Wash. D.C, 2009 http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12192.html
IEEE Policy Statement on Self-Plagiarism http://www.comsoc.org/pubs/jrnal/transcom/Self_Plagiarism.pdf Managing Allegations of Scientific Misconduct: A Guidance Document for
Editors, January 2000, Office of Research Integrity, Office of Public Health and Science, U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services
http://ori.dhhs.gov.
Cont..
National Institutes of Health Office of Extramural Research website. http://grants.nih.gov/grants/policy/datasharing/data_sharing_faqs.htm.
The Office of Scientific and Technology Policy website. http://www.ostp.gov/html/001207_3.html.
United States Department of Agriculture website. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/oa/pubs/awact.html
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