RESEARCH PROJECT IMPACT OF INCREASD PUBLIC AWARENESS ON THE USAGE OF SOLAR PRODUCTS PREPARED BY Mr. SAMBIT MOHAPATRA Mr. SUNIL DAS Mr. SUSHIL SINGH Mr. NARESHBHAI BHATT SCHOOL OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE, GURGAON FOR USE BY “MINISTRY OF NEW & RENEWABLE ENRGY” INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY “DO NOT COPY”
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Research Design Case Impact of Public Awareness on Increasing the Usage of Ren Ener
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8/8/2019 Research Design Case Impact of Public Awareness on Increasing the Usage of Ren Ener
Energy is the prime mover of all the development process. With the advent of globalization, development process is finally ignited. India is now the eleventh largest
economy in the world, fourth in terms of purchasing power. It is poised to make
tremendous economic strides over next ten years, with significant economic developmentalready in planning stage. This development is going to accelerate the demand of energy.
With rapid rise in the price of fossil fuels and the anticipated shortage, there is a need to
develop some sustainable resource. Renewable sources are perennial in nature and hencecan be relied upon for sustainable development. Fortunately, India is blessed with a
variety of Renewable Energy sources, the main ones being biomass, biogas, solar, wind,
and small hydro power. Municipal and industrial wastes can also be useful sources of energy, but are basically different forms of biomass.
India has the distinction of being the only country in the world to have an exclusive
Ministry dealing with new and Renewable Energy sources. During the last two and a half decades there had been a vigorous pursuit of activities relating to the research,
development, trial and induction of a variety of Renewable Energy technologies for use
in different sectors.
The Electricity Act 2003 contains several provisions to promote the accelerated
development of power generation from non- conventional sources. It provides that co-
generation and generation of electricity for renewable sources would be promoted by theSERCs by providing suitable measures for connectivity with grid and sale of electricity to
any person and also by specifying, for purchase of electricity for such sources, a %age of
the total consumption of electricity in the area of a distribution licensee.
There has been a growing awareness of the benefits of Renewable Energy, mainly on
account of sustained public awareness generation campaigns. an outlay was provided
under the X plan to provide electrification to around 25,000 remote unelectrified villages
and hamlets by 2007. The government has set a target of installing 15% of the additional power generation capacity in the country through grid-interactive renewable power by
2012. The present grid connected renewable energy based installed capacity is 17173.90
MW whereas off-grid installed capacity is 420.32 MWeq as on June 30, 2010.
NationalSolarMission
Under the National Plan of Climate Change, eight National Missions representing multi-
pronged long term and integrated strategy for achieving key goals in the context of climate change have been proposed. National Solar Mission is one of them. The mainobjective of the Mission is to establish India as a global leader in solar energy through:
• 20,000 MW of installed solar generation capacity by 2020 and 100,000 MW by
2030 or 10-12% of total power generation capacity estimated for that year
• Solar power cost reduction to achieve grid tariff parity by 2020
• Achieve parity with coal based thermal power generation by 2030
• 4-5 GW of installed solar manufacturing capacity by 2017.
8/8/2019 Research Design Case Impact of Public Awareness on Increasing the Usage of Ren Ener
Inspite of numerous campaigns the growth of solar power ( Photo voltaics and Heating )
has been minimal, as illustrated by the below statistics
New & Renewable Energy Annual achievement 2010-11 and Cumulative achievements ason 30.06.2010
No.Sources /Systems
Achievements during 2010-11 (upto 30.06.2010)
Cumulative Achievements (up to30.06.2010)
I. Power From Renewables
A. Grid-interactive renewable power
Solar Power 2.00MW 12.28 MW
B. Off-Grid/Distributed Renewable Power (including Captive/CHP Plants)
Solar PV Power Plants 0.0 MWp 2.92 MWp
II. Decentralized Energy Systems
1 Solar Lantern nos. 7,97,344 nos.
2 SPV Street Lighting System nos. 1,19,634 nos.
3 SPV Pumps nos. 7,334 nos.
4 Solar Water Heating – Collector Area 3.53 Mln. Sq.m.
Mweq. = Megawatt equivalent; MW = Megawatt; kW = kilowatt; kWp = kilowatt peak; sq. m. =square meter
As taken from Min. of New and renewable Energy Website
That makes us to analyze whether Increasing public awareness actually contributes to theIncreased sales / usage of Solar products. This has formed the basis of our research study.
8/8/2019 Research Design Case Impact of Public Awareness on Increasing the Usage of Ren Ener
Objective: To find the impact of Public awareness on use of Solar Energy in India
Research Question: What is the impact of Public awareness on use of Solar
Energy
Null Hypothesis: Public awareness has no impact on use of Solar Energy
Alternate Hypothesis: Public awareness increases the use of Solar Energy
Question 1What are the factors responsible for increasing public awareness on Solar Energy ?
Question 2What factors contribute in increasing the usage of Solar Energy?
RESEARCH DESIGN :
Exploratory research design was used due to non availability of secondary data wrtPublic awareness on Renewable energy and factors contributing to sales / usage of solar Products.
8/8/2019 Research Design Case Impact of Public Awareness on Increasing the Usage of Ren Ener
1. Having collected fifty seven samples for the question, the data was fed into SPSS.
2. The means of the samples for individual variables was observed.
3. Cut off of the means was taken to be 3 and non contributing variables were
removed and varimax rotation done.
4. From the rotated component matrix individual constructs with their variables were
noted and reliability testing was undertaken.
5. In the reliability testing constructs having ‘ALPHA’ value less than 0.6 were
removed and were not considered as contributing constructs.
6. The constructs were generated and named.
7. Correlation was checked between individual constructs.
8. Then all the constructs were taken to generate a super construct which wouldresemble our research question “What are the factors responsible for increasing
public awareness on solar Energy”
9. Regression was done assuming the super construct as dependant variable and
constructs as independent variable to evaluate the contribution of each construct
in the super construct “factors responsible for increasing public awareness onsolar Energy”
8/8/2019 Research Design Case Impact of Public Awareness on Increasing the Usage of Ren Ener
1. Having collected fifty seven samples for the question, the data was fed into SPSS.
2. The means of the samples for individual variables was observed.3. Cut off of the means was taken to be 3 and non contributing variables were
removed and varimax rotation done.
4. From the rotated component matrix individual constructs with their variables werenoted and reliability testing was undertaken.
5. In the reliability testing constructs having ‘ALPHA’ value less than 0.6 were
removed and were not considered as contributing constructs.6. The constructs were generated and named.
7. Correlation was checked between individual constructs.
8. Then all the constructs were taken to generate a super construct which wouldresemble our research question “What are the factors responsible increasing the
usage of solar products”9. Regression was done assuming the super construct as dependant variable and
constructs as independent variable to evaluate the contribution of each constructin the super construct “factors responsible for increasing usage of solar Products”
8/8/2019 Research Design Case Impact of Public Awareness on Increasing the Usage of Ren Ener
was left out due to lower reliability of ‘Alpha’.- Aforementioned five constructs were generated and named as follows:
- V2,V1 – Solar Incentive
- V11,V10 – Solar Economies
- V24 ,V20 & V16 – Solar Availability & Reliability- V7, V6 - Ease in opern and maint.
- V12, V15 – Solar Product versatility
- Then correlation was checked between individual factors using ‘Pearson
Correlation 2 tailed test’. It was observed that correlation exists between Solar availability & Reliability and solar Econmies as can be seen from the chart below.
Correlations
Solar Incentives
Solar Economies
Solar Availability
&Releiabilty
Ease inoper and
manit
Solar Product
versatiltiy
Solar Incentives Pearson Correlation 1.000 .102 .044 .204 .251
Sig. (2-tailed) . .450 .745 .128 .059
N 57 57 57 57 57
Solar Economies Pearson Correlation .102 1.000 .362** .118 -.024
Sig. (2-tailed) .450 . .006 .381 .861
N 57 57 57 57 57
Solar Availability&Releiabilty
Pearson Correlation .044 .362** 1.000 -.080 -.065
Sig. (2-tailed) .745 .006 . .553 .633
N 57 57 57 57 57
Ease in oper andmanit
Pearson Correlation .204 .118 -.080 1.000 -.142
Sig. (2-tailed) .128 .381 .553 . .290
N 57 57 57 57 57
Solar Productversatiltiy
Pearson Correlation .251 -.024 -.065 -.142 1.000
Sig. (2-tailed) .059 .861 .633 .290 .
N 57 57 57 57 57
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
STEP 5 GENERATION OF SUPER FACTOR ‘Increasing usage of solar products’
8/8/2019 Research Design Case Impact of Public Awareness on Increasing the Usage of Ren Ener
- Combining the three aforementioned factors a super factor was generated. The
objective being to observe the impact & contribution of three constructs on the
super construct by using regression tool as illustrated below:Model Summary
Model R R SquareAdjusted RSquare
Std. Error of the
Estimate
1 1.000 1.000 1.000 .0000
a Predictors: (Constant), Solar Products Versatility, Solar Economies, Solar Sector R & D, Solar Incentive, Solar Availability & Reliabilty
ANOVA
Model Sum of Squares
df MeanSquare
F Sig.
1 Regression
12.389 5 2.478 . .
Residual .000 51 .000Total 12.389 56
a Predictors: (Constant), Solar Products Versatility, Solar Economies, Solar Sector R & D, Solar Incentive, Solar Availability & Reliabiltyb Dependent Variable: Increased Usage of Solar ProductsCoefficients
UnstandardizedCoefficients
StandardizedCoefficients
t Sig.
Model B Std. Error Beta
1 (Constant) -9.790E-16 .000 . .
Solar Incentive .200 .000 .429 . .
Solar Economies .200 .000 .385 . .
Solar Availability &Reliabilty
.200 .000 .340 . .
Ease in opern and
maint
.200 .000 .393 . .
Solar ProductsVersatility
.200 .000 .396 . .
a Dependent Variable: Increased Usage of Solar Products
The equation thus formed
Increased Usage of Solar Products = 0.429 X Solar Incentive + 0.385 X solar Economies. +
0.340 X Soalr Availability and reliability + 0.393 X Ease in operation and + 0.396 X
Solar product Versatility -9.790x10-16
INFERENCE
- No Significant correlation was established between any of the five factors for the
Concept “Increased usage of Solar products”.
8/8/2019 Research Design Case Impact of Public Awareness on Increasing the Usage of Ren Ener
- From the regression analysis, To find the contribution of individual factors to the
concept “Increased usage of Solar products” it has been established that almost all
the factors contribute significantly to the concept. However max contribution isdone Solar Incentive.
Impact of increased Public awareness on Sales/ usage of Solar Products
The Three factors from concept “Increasing Public awareness” are
- In public notice- Solar Education
- Policy Initiatives
These factors will serve as the independent factors for our regression analysis to help usin establishing their contribution to “Increased usage of solar Products”
The Five factors from concept “Increased usage of solar Products”
- Solar Incentive– Solar Economies
– Solar Availability & Reliability- Ease in opern and maint.
– Solar Product versatility
Each of the above factor will be treated as a dependant variable for the regressionanalysis which is as follows:
Regression
Variables Entered/Removedb
policy
Initiatives,
Solar
Education,
In public
noticea
. Enter
Model1
Variables
Entered
Variables
Removed Method
All requested variables entered.a.
Dependent Variable: Solar Incentivesb.
Model Summary
.249a .062 .009 1.0036
Model
1
R R Square
Adjusted
R Square
Std. Error of
the Estimate
Predictors: (Constant), policy Initiatives, Solar
Education, In public notice
a.
8/8/2019 Research Design Case Impact of Public Awareness on Increasing the Usage of Ren Ener
Predictors: (Constant), policy Initiatives, Solar Education, In public noticea.
Dependent Variable: Solar Incentivesb.
Coefficientsa
2.460 .794 3.100 .003
6.119E-02 .183 .051 .334 .740
.285 .191 .226 1.489 .143
-4.73E-02 .157 -.041 -.301 .764
(Constant)
In public notice
Solar Education
policy Initiatives
Model
1
B Std. Error
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Beta
Standardi
zed
Coefficien
ts
t Sig.
Dependent Variable: Solar Incentivesa.
- Above regression analysis was carried out with all the three independent variables
and Solar Incentives as the dependant variable. It is observed that no significantcontribution is done by the independent variables as illustrated by “ significance =
0.329” which should be < 0.05 for 95 % confidence interval.
- Similarly for the other Dependant factors regression analysis was carried out
trying to find the independent factors contribution to each. But significance levelfor all the dependant factors was greater than 0.05.
8/8/2019 Research Design Case Impact of Public Awareness on Increasing the Usage of Ren Ener