By Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE) Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE) Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
By Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Define research Design Describe the different types of Research designs
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Definit ion: It is a map that will guide the study Amin.M(2005), calls it a conceptual map It is equated to an architectural plan that will guide
the Engineer on what type of house to construct ie where to fix the ventilators, windows etc.
A research design is an overall plan or strategy for conducting the research
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Research design represents the structure that guides the execution of the research method and the analysis of the subsequent data.
According to Kumar(2005), a design is the plan, structure or strategy for investigation
A design therefore guides the conceptualization of the study variables, handling of research methods, sampling of respondents and data analysis.
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Definit ion; It is about how you intend to go about your research.
According to Bryman.A & Bell.E(2007), a research design provide a framework for the collection and analysis of data.
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Broadly, research designs are divided into two categories: Qualitative and quantitative research designs Within these, there are several different research designs
such as; survey, experimental, historical, case study, ethnography, correlation, cross-sectional design, longitudinal design which the researcher may choose from.
The researcher should choose a research design that will help him to achieve the purpose, objectives/research questions
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Qualitat ive Research design are characterized by data(information) that can be described verbally or non-numerically
Quantitative Research design is based on theory of positivism or logical positivism
This postulates only that phenomenon that is observed by human senses are meaningful
A phenomenon must be directly observed and concepts must be defined in observable and measurable terms
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Sources of Difference
Quantitat ive Qualitat ive
Approach Scientific and formal Scientific & neutralData Data reduced to
scoresPresented in narrative description
KnowledgeProcess of Inquiry
Concrete, conceptual and precise .Can be tested, seeks proof
Experiential, contextual and best expressed by the owners
Process of Inquiry Uses random sample, asks how much, how many, manipulates variable to prove hypothesis
Understand patterns of occurrences in order to identify variables
Mode of analysis Statistic interpretativeBro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Sources of Difference
Quantitative Qualitative
Process of Inquiry •Manipulates variables to prove hypothesis•Asks how much, how many•Uses sample random•Asks how much, how many•Probabilistic
•Understands patterns of occurrence in order to identify variables•Asks why, who, when etc•Non probabilistic
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Sources of Difference
Quantitative
Qualitative
View of Reality •Objectivity •Subjective•Not a single reality
Role of Research Deductive Inductive
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Kothari(2004:33) Means of obtaining information Availability and skills of the researcher and his
staff if any Objective to the problem to be studied Nature of the problem to be studied Availability of time and money for the research
work. The justification for choosing a given research
design should also be clearly statedBro.Francis
Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE) Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
It is based on a world view which is holistic with the following beliefs:
What we know has meaning within a given situation or context
Reality is based on perceptions that are different from each person.
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Case study Ethnography Phenomenology Historical(Past events) Longitudinal
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Purpose Process Data collection Data analysis Communicating findings
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Meaning;This is a type of qualitative research in which the
researcher explores a single entity or phenomenon(the case) using a variety of methods; this requires the researcher to pick on a particular area and study it conclusively and come up with detailed about that particular case study
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Purpose: Study a single entity in depth in order to gain
insight into the larger cases. Describe and explain rather than predict a
phenomenon A case may be an organization, patients,Justif ication: Uses smaller samples for in depth analysis
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Meaning;This aims to cover 100 percent of the population.Purpose: Provide numeric descriptions of some part of the
population Describe events as they are, as they were and
they will be.
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Justif ication: Rapid data collection Suitable for extensive research. Generalization is possible
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Meaning;This is qualitative inquiry◦ The researcher studies an intact community in a natural
setting over along period of time to study culture, behavior & other variable◦ Methods used are participant observation, unstructured
interviews◦ Respondents are normally selected without using
random
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Purpose: Identify the presence or absence of attributes Investigate little understood phinomenon
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Meaning;◦ Describe the experience from a participants point of view◦ The researcher describes a given phenomenon that
could be an event, a relationship.◦ sampling(purposive)◦ The researcher and respondent work together to obtain
information◦ Interviews are not structured◦ The participant does more of the talking while the
researcher does most of the listening.
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Meaning: Explanation and understanding of past phenomenon from data already in existence. Data is normally archival
Purpose: to arrive at conclusions about causes, trends and effects about past phenomenon in order to explain the present and predict and control the future.
Justif ication: Useful where primary data can be collected
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Experimental Correlation Descriptive Cross-sectional
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
What is the study about Why is the study being made Where will the study be carried out What type of data is required Where can the data be found What periods of time will the study include What will be sample design What techniques of data collection will be used How will the data be analyzed In what style will the report be prepared
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Meaning:◦ This involves systematic manipulation of some
characteristic and explanation of the outcome◦ Holds variables constant except the independent
variable.◦ One group is the experimental group
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Purpose: To test cause-effect relationship through manipulation
of variables
Justif ication: A sure way to establish the cause-effect relationship
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
MeaningDetermines whether or not and to what extent an
association exists between two or more paired quantifiable variables
Purpose: To compare two or more characteristics from the
same groupJustif ication To determine whether and to what degree does a
relationship exists between quantifiable variablesBro.Francis
Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE) Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Meaning:◦ Describes a phenomenon as it exist◦ Takes raw data and summarizes it into a useable form
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Aim at describing and quantifying the distribution of certain variables in the study population at one point of time.
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891
Data is collected on variables of interest from the selected sample repeatedly over time in order to study the trends of behavior of such variable.
Bro.Francis Ibanda(MBA,PGDHR,BBAM,MABE)
Tel. 0703826155,0753521891