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Hindawi Publishing CorporationJournal of ChemistryVolume 2013 Article ID 964310 19 pageshttpdxdoiorg1011552013964310

Research ArticleThe Radiological Impact of 210Pb and 210Po Released fromthe Iron- and Steel-Making Plant ILVA in Taranto (Italy) onthe Environment and the Public

Guogang Jia

National Institute of Environmental Protection and Research Via V Brancati 48 00144 Roma Italy

Correspondence should be addressed to Guogang Jia guogangjiaapatit

Received 28 May 2013 Revised 17 September 2013 Accepted 19 September 2013

Academic Editor Rafael Garcıa-Tenorio

Copyright copy 2013 Guogang Jia This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License whichpermits unrestricted use distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the original work is properly cited

Lead-210 and 210Po are naturally occurring radionuclides Due to volatile characteristic of lead and polonium environmentalpollution of 210Pb and 210Po released from the coal power plant steel-making industry and refractory material industry has beenan exposure problem for the members of public In this paper studies on the activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb in the rawmaterials dust particles surficial soils and atmospheric particulate samples collected in the area of the Iron- and Steel-Making PlantILVA Taranto (Italy) were made These data have been used to evaluate the source-term distributions inventories mass balancebiological availability ecological migration processes and public exposure risk of 210Pb and 210Po in the concerned environment

1 Introduction

In general the main source of 210Pb and 210Po in theenvironment is the exhalation of 222Rn gas from the groundinto the atmosphere However as a result of (i) the volatilecharacteristic of lead and polonium elements and (ii) thedevelopment of industries in recent decades that is min-ing processing and smelting of uranium phosphate leadand iron ore burning of fossil fuels (coal) and burningleaded gasoline used for car engines during transportationelevated activities of 210Pb and 210Po have been found inthe atmosphere hydrosphere biosphere and surficial soilA numerous of bloodfooddustsoil lead contaminationcases have been reported [1ndash4] Therefore the artificialcontamination of 210Po 210Pb and stable lead is more andmore seriously affecting the public health via air inhalationand food ingestion

Some years ago Italian researchers started the contami-nation source-term survey on the natural occurring radionu-clides including uranium isotopes thorium isotopes radiumisotopes 210Pb and 210Po [5] The purpose of the projectwas mainly focused on studies of the contamination processthe exposure risk evaluation to the public and the remedialmeasures for radiation protection from the radionuclides

released from the coal power plant steel-making indus-try and refractory material industry The obtained results(Table 1) [5] showed that to lower the exposure risk to thepublic great attention should be given not only to the processof raw material supply and final product utility but alsoto the process of by-product redistribution high enrichedwaste management and disposal of the natural occurringradionuclides in the studied industries especially of theuranium isotopes thorium isotopes radium isotopes 210Pband 210Po and so forth

Following the warning by a press about the possiblecontamination of 210Pb and 210Po emitted from the chimneyof the Iron- and Steel-Making Plant ILVA in Taranto (Italy)into the atmosphere in October 2008 the Italian Ministryof Environment Territory and Sea Protection asked theNational Institute of Environmental Protection and Research(ISPRA) [6 7] to prepare a detailed report to evaluate theradiological risk of the radioactive pollution arising from theplant itself For this purpose the ISPRA developed a programfor the information acquisition the contaminants and expo-sure pathway analyses the realization of the contaminantmonitoring and the radiological impact evaluation In theprocess of implementation of the program the raw materialsused in the plant soil samples surrounding the plant dustash

2 Journal of Chemistry

Table1Th

e238 U

234U

235 U

232Th

226Ra

228Ra

224Ra

210Pb

and

210 Poconcentrations

(inBq

kgminus1 )in

samples

collected

from

thecoalpo

wer

plantste

el-m

akingindu

stryand

refractory

materialind

ustryin

Italyin

2003

(the2

32Th

concentrations

wereo

btainedfro

mZa

mpierietal2004

[5])

Samplec

ode

SamplingSite

Samples

pecies

238 U

234 U

235 U

232 Th

226 R

a228 R

a224 R

a210 Pb

210 Po

COD1A

Coalp

ower

plantG

EBo

ttom

ashin

winter2

001920plusmn51921plusmn51449plusmn033

mdash913plusmn47749plusmn48297plusmn34436plusmn18872plusmn49

COD2A

Coalp

ower

plantG

EBo

ttom

ashin

autumn2000482plusmn16577plusmn18258plusmn022


COD3A

Coalp

ower

plantG

EFlyashin



COD4A

Coalp

ower

plantV

adoLigure

Flyashin

sprin

g2000



COD5A

ILVA

steelplantG

ECon

verter

electrofilterd

ust477plusmn024477plusmn024021plusmn003


COD6A

ILVA

steelplantG

EBlastfurnace

dust



COD1

Refractory

sepr

Zircon

ium

sand

4215plusmn2054175plusmn203214plusmn17517plusmn313878plusmn167678plusmn321489plusmn932908plusmn1193387plusmn187

COD2

Refractory

sepr

Meltingfurnaced

ust327plusmn16323plusmn16132plusmn18270plusmn16929plusmn47179plusmn18463plusmn4917076plusmn70136953plusmn1818

COD4

Refractory

sepr

Prod

uct1


COD5

Refractory

sepr

Prod

uct2


COD6

Refractory

sepr

Prod

uct3


COD7

Refractory

sepr

Prod

uct4


COD8

Refractory

sepr

Grin

ding

wastedu

st1320plusmn571308plusmn56591plusmn42178plusmn111262plusmn54203plusmn11311plusmn26992plusmn411134plusmn58

COD9

Refractory

sepr

Depurationslu

dge1662plusmn761653plusmn75743plusmn52238plusmn141483plusmn63235plusmn14662plusmn521000plusmn411145plusmn61

Journal of Chemistry 3

particle deposited on the filtration systems fly ash (dustparticles) released from the chimney of the plant andatmospheric particulate in air were collected As part ofthe program 210Pb and 210Po in the samples which arevolatile and very important radionuclides from radiation riskpoint of view were preliminarily determined Based on therelevant results obtained from these samples 210Po and 210Pbinventory estimation and their radiological impact evaluationon members of public were made in the paper

2 Materials and Methods

21 The Study Area and Sampling Taranto city is locatedat a latitude (N) of 40∘2810158400010158401015840 and a longitude (E) of17∘1410158400010158401015840 in Puglia region the far south of Italy with anarea of 210 km2 15m above sea level and population of192 thousands Meteorological data of the region collectedin 30 years show that the mean annual precipitation andminimum and maximum temperatures were 4165mm 127(60ndash209)∘C and 205 (122ndash299)∘C respectively

The Iron- and Steel-making Plant ILVA in Taranto justsituated in the north of Taranto city and owned by the RivaGroup is the ILVArsquos core integrated iron- and steel-makingplant and the largest plant in Europe Production capacityis around 12Mt of steel per year The plant comprises fiveblast furnaces AFO 1 2 3 4 and 5 The iron mineral (85)limestone (3ndash16) coal (or coke 35) and lime (04ndash08)are used as the principal raw materials in the plant Thesematerials are charged in batches into the blast furnaces attemperature of over 1000∘Cwhere the iron compounds in theore give up excess oxygen and become liquid ironAt intervalsof a few hours the accumulated liquid iron is tapped from theblast furnace and either cast into pig iron or directed to othervessels for further steel-making operations

Due to the fact that the raw materials always containvolatile materials this process of iron- or steel-making hascaused the environmental pollution of nitrogen oxides sul-phides arsenide carbon dioxide organic compounds heavymetals naturally occurring radionuclides and so forth inair water and soil or sediment It was reported that in 2002the ILVA in Taranto emitted 306 of total dioxin emissionin Italy [8] and based on the data from National EmissionInventories and Sources (INES) the percentage of the dioxinemission from the ILVA in Taranto raised to 92 of the totaldioxin emission in Italy in 2006 Mercury contaminationfrom the ILVA inTaranto is another important environmentalproblem and it was estimated that in 2005 the annual totalmercury emission was over 2 t

As far as naturally occurring radionuclides are concernedattention should be given to uranium isotopes thorium iso-topes radium isotopes and progenies (eg 210Pb and 210Po)and so forth Especially the relatively high contaminations of210Pb and 210Po in air water and soil are often predicted tohappen due to the volatile behaviour of lead and polonium atthe temperature gt1000∘CHowever there is little informationabout the contamination level and exposure risk evaluation of210Pb and 210Po released from the ILVA in Taranto

For better understanding the source-term and inventoryof 210Pb and 210Po in production process of the ILVA inTaranto raw materials used in the plant including limelimestone coal (coke) and iron minerals were collected onMay 5 2009 For information about the redistribution andcontamination level of 210Pb and 210Po in the environmentfly ash (dust particle) deposited in the filtration systemsand dust particles emitted from the E312 chimney (latitude40∘2810158400010158401015840N longitude 17∘1410158400010158401015840E)were collected onMay 5ndash7 2009 For the purpose of the exposure impact evaluation forthemembers of public atmospheric particulate samples werecollected by ISPRA in the sampling campaign of November2008 and by ARPA Puglia in the sampling campaign May2009 In the early days of November 2008 seven surficialsoil samples were collected in which five samples were takenin the areas around the ILVA in Taranto one in Gioia delColle about thirty miles northwest of Taranto and one inCastel Romano in Roma (CSM Roma) The sampling depth(0ndash5 cm) of all seven soil samples was the same The sam-pling sites for air and soil samples were selected preferringareas of probable increased exposure on the basis of windprevalence Castel Romano in Roma being the Laboratoryof the ISPRA was selected as a control site for both air andsoil samples for comparison The detailed information aboutthe sampling site strategy date and parameters for atmo-spheric particulate and soil was given in Tables 2 3 and 4respectively

22 Apparatus and Reagents Bismuth-210 for 210Pb deter-mination was measured by a 10-channel low-level 120573-counter(Berthold LB770 Germany) The instrument and reagentbackground of the counter for 210Pb measurement is ofle00053 cps and the counting efficiency was 482 that wascalibrated with a PbSO

4precipitate source obtained from

a standard 210Pb solution Po-210 was determined by alphaspectrometry (Canberra USA) with a counting efficiency of312 and a background of le6 times 10minus6 cps in the interestedenergy region

A Perspex disk holder for polonium deposition wasspecially designed to fit 100ndash250mL beakers [9] Silver foilwith a thickness of 015mm was used for 210Po spontaneousdeposition and it was cut into disks of 23mm in diameterLarge volume (67m3 hminus1) air sampler was theModelThermoG10557 equipped with analyzer of PM

25or PM

10and with

a glass-microfiber filter of dimensions of 20 cm times 25 cm(Whatman GFA cat N 1820-866)

Polonium-209 solution standard as a tracer for 210Podetermination by 120572-spectrometry and 210Pb solution stan-dard for 120573-instrument calibration the reference material(IAEA-315) for quality control and the BIO-RAD-AG 1-X4resin (100ndash200 mesh) for lead separation were supplied byAmersham (UK) the IAEA and the Bio-Rad Laboratories(Canada) respectively TOPO (tri-octyl-phosphine oxide99) used to isolate 210Po Pb(NO

3)2to prepare the carrier

solution for lead separation pure iron wire to preparestandard iron solution for chemical yield calculation and allother reagents were analytical grade


Table 2 Characteristics of the sampling sites for atmospheric particulate (AP) collected in the sampling campaign of November 2008 (themean (range) mass concentration of particle 136 plusmn 84 (384ndash3068) 120583gmminus3)

Samplecode

Aerodynamicdiameter 120583m Sampling site Sampling date Sampling

volume m3

Massconcentration ofparticle 120583gmminus3

Latitude (N) Longitude (E)

AP 7 le25 Via Machiavelli Taranto 11-11-2008 162136 1916 40∘291015840187610158401015840 17∘131015840334710158401015840



AP 10 le25 Cisi Taranto 14-11-2008 156565 587 40∘291015840397410158401015840 17∘131015840334710158401015840









AP 13 le10 Castel Romano Roma 1929-11-2008 550346 2127 41∘421015840113710158401015840 12∘261015840527710158401015840

Table 3 Characteristics of the sampling sites for atmospheric particulate (AP) collected in the sampling campaign of May 2009

Samplecode


volume m3 Latitude (N) Longitude (E)

AP14 le25 Alto Adige Taranto 45-5-2009 1104 40∘271015840385810158401015840 17∘151015840490410158401015840


AP16 le25 Via Machiavelli Taranto 45-5-2009 1104 40∘291015840187610158401015840 17∘131015840331510158401015840


AP18 le10 Via delle Sorgenti Statte 45-5-2009 1104 40∘331015840449510158401015840 17∘121015840123310158401015840




AP22 le10 San Vito Taranto 45-5-2009 1104 40∘251015840239610158401015840 17∘131015840316610158401015840



23 Microthene-TOPO Column Preparation Six g of TOPOwas dissolved by 100mL of cyclohexane in a beaker and52 g of Microthene (polyethylene or polypropylene pow-der 80ndash200mesh) was added The mixture was stirred forseveral minutes until it was homogeneous and was thenevaporated to eliminate cyclohexane at 50∘C The porouspowders thus obtained contain about 103TOPOA portion(25 g) of the Microthene-TOPO powder slurred with 3mLof concentrated HCl and some water was transferred toa chromatographic column (10mm internal diameter and200mm length) After conditioning with 20mL of 15MHClthe column was ready for 210Po separation

24 Anion-Exchange Resin Column Preparation The anion-exchange resin BIO-RAD-AG 1-X4 (100ndash200mesh) wassequentially treated with 6M NaOH 6M HCl and distilledwater to remove any fine particles as well as other unexpectedcomponents Twelve grams of the resin was then loaded in an

ion-exchange column (13mm internal diameter and 200mmlength) Before use the column was conditioned with 20mLof 15M HCl for lead separation and conditioned with 20mLof 90M HCl for Fe separation

25 Methods

251 Determination of 210Po and 210Pb Polonium-210 and210Pb in the normal soil samples were analyzed followingthe procedures reported in a literature [10] The filteredair samples was composed of glass-fiber filter paper anddustash or the suspended particle from air The analyticalprocedure for the air filter samples were as the same as thatfor normal soil samples except for avoiding addition of 40HF during leaching Some samples such as the rawmaterialsdust particles collected in the filtration systems fly-ash andso forth showed a very high iron contents and seriousinterferences for both 210Pb and 210Po determinations had


Table 4 Characteristics of the sampling sites for surficial soil (SS) samples (depth 0ndash5 cm)

Samplecode Sampling site Sampling date Latitude (N) Longitude (E) Description of the sampling sites

SS1 Piazza del Gesu Taranto 02-11-2008 40∘291015840397410158401015840 17∘131015840334710158401015840 16 km (S-SE) from the ILVASS2 Via Raimondello Orsini Taranto 02-11-2008 40∘291015840469810158401015840 17∘131015840335210158401015840 13 km (S-SE) from the ILVASS3 Via Cannata Taranto 02-11-2008 40∘31101584098710158401015840 17∘161015840151810158401015840 44 km (S-NE) from the ILVA (Paolo VI)SS4 Via del Tratturello Taranto 02-11-2008 40∘291015840397410158401015840 17∘151015840115110158401015840 30 km (NE) from the ILVA (Cisi)SS5 Via delle Sorgenti Statte 02-11-2008 40∘331015840450010158401015840 17∘121015840120010158401015840 65 km (N-NW) from the ILVASS6 Via Santerano Gioia del Colle 02-11-2008 40∘46101584014410158401015840 16∘521015840255710158401015840 41 km (NW) from the ILVA (background)SS7 Castel Romano Roma 03-11-2008 41∘421015840121510158401015840 12∘261015840478910158401015840 Laboratory ISPRA Roma (background)

occurredTherefore a modified procedure for determinationof 210Pb and 210Po for such kinds of samples has been testedand recommended as given below

Leaching of 210Pb and 210PoThree g of sample together with25mg Pb2+ carrier 0025 Bq of 209Po tracer 10mL of concHNO

3 10mL of conc HCl and 10mL of 40 HF were

added to a 100mL Teflon beaker The beaker was heated at250∘C Before drying 10mL of conc HCl and 40 HF eachwere added and the step was repeated The solution wasevaporated to incipient dryness and a 10mL portion of 72HClO

4was added The solution was evaporated to fuming

to destroy the organic matter and to remove HF The HClO4

treatment was repeated until nearly the entire solid samplewas decomposedThe residue was finally dissolved with 7mLof conc HCl and 40mL of water The obtained solution withan acidity of 15M and a volume of 50mLwas filtered througha 01 120583mMillipore filter paper

210Po Determination Twenty percent of the leaching solutionobtained from (title Leaching of 210Pb and 210Po) was put ina beaker Then the solution was adjusted to pH 9-10 withconc ammonia solution to coprecipitate 210Po with iron (III)hydroxide After centrifugation at 4000 rpm the supernatantwas discarded and the precipitate was dissolved with 3mLof conc HCl and 21mL of water The obtained solution waspassed through a preconditioned TOPO column at a flowrate of 06ndash08mLminminus1 After washing with 15mL of 01MHCl polonium was eluted with 40mL of 10M HNO

3at

a flow rate of 03mLminminus1 The eluant was evaporated todryness and dissolved with 2mL of conc HCl and 10mLof water FivemL of 20 hydroxylamine hydrochloride and5mL of 25 sodium citrate solution were added to theobtained solution which was then adjusted to pH 15 with1 5 (vv) ammonia The solution was diluted to 40ndash50mLheated and stirred on a hot-plate magnetic stirrer at 85ndash90∘C After disappearance of the yellow colour of Fe3+ (about10min) a Perspex holder with a silver disk was placed on thebeaker and the silver disk was immersed into the solutionAny air bubbles trapped beneath the disk were removed bymanipulation of the stirrer barThe polonium deposition wascontinued for 4 h and then the disk was removed washedwith distilled water and alcohol dried and assayed by 120572-spectrometry

210Pb Determination Eighty percent of the leaching solutionobtained from (title Leaching of 210Pb and 210Po) was evap-orated to dryness After cooling 6mL of conc H

2SO4was

carefully added to precipitate lead calcium and so forthas sulfate and heated until the white smoke appears Aftercooling about 40mL of water was carefully added to dissolvethe CaSO

4and FeSO

4by heating After centrifugation at

4000 rpm the supernatant was discarded and the PbSO4pre-

cipitate was dissolved with 15mL of 6M NH4Ac by heating

Two mL of 05M Na2S was added and in this case PbS was

precipitated while the remaining Ca2+ and Mg2+ will remainin the solution After centrifugation the supernatant wasdiscarded and the black precipitate was dissolved with 3mLof concentrated HCl and 21mL of distilled water by heatingThe obtained solution was passed through a preconditionedanion-exchange resin column at room temperature and ata free flow rate After washing with 40mL of 15M HCllead was eluted with 60mL of distilled water at free flowrate and the separation time of the pair 210Pb210Bi wasrecorded TwomL of conc H

2SO4was added to the collected

eluant which was then evaporated until fuming to destroythe organic matters by oxidation with 1mL of 30 H

2O2

Both the precipitate and the solution were centrifuged Thesupernatant was discarded and the precipitate was filtered ona weighed filter paper with a diameter of 24mm (Whatman42) The filter was dried at 110∘C until constant weight(about 1 h) and weighed again to calculate the lead chemicalyield

Lead-210 was determined by measuring the ingrowthactivity of its progeny 210Bi (T

12 120 h) by a low background

120573-counter some time after the separation (about one monthof being suitable) The 210Pb activity concentration (119862Pb-210)in soil sample (Bq kgminus1) or in air sample (Bqmminus3) wascalculated according to the following equation

119862Pbminus210 =119860Bi-210

[(1 minus 119890minus120582Bi-210119905) 120578119910119882] (1)

where119860Biminus210 is the net count rate of210Bi (cps) 120582Bi the

210Bidecay constant (minminus1) 119905 is the 210Bi ingrowth time after210Pb separation (min) 120578 is the detection efficiency for 210Bi


119910 is the chemical yield119882 is the sample weight (kg) for soilor the volume (m3) for air

Quality Control Following approaches can be used to reviewthe quality of a radioanalytical method (1) to analyze thecertified reference materials or similar matrices and tocompare the obtained results with the recommended values(2) to participate in the intercomparison activities betweendifferent international laboratories and (3) to analyze thespiked samples

For the purpose of quality control the reference materialIAEA-315 Marine Sediment supplied by the IAEA was usedin which the recommended value of 210Pb was given About2 g of the reference material was analyzed following therecommended procedure of this paper The precision wasevaluated by the relative standard deviation obtained froma set of six analyses The accuracy was assessed by the termof relative bias which reflects the difference between theexperimental mean and recommended value of 210Pb activityconcentration Due to the presence of unsupported 210Pb inthe IAEA-315 the fraction of unsupported 210Pb had to becorrected to the base date

The obtained 210Pb activity concentrations in the IAEA-315 were shown in Table 5 The mean 210Pb concentrationin the IAEA-315 was found to be 307 plusmn 17Bq kgminus1 (decaycorrection to the date of 1st January 1993) It was observedthat the relative standard deviation is plusmn55 for 210Pb Sinceall being less than plusmn10 the precision for the analyses is wellaccepted as far as such a low activity is concernedThe relativebias obtained from the analyses was +20 for 210Pb showingthat the mean activity concentrations of 210Pb are in goodagreement with the recommended value of 301 Bq kgminus1 (the95 confidence interval 260ndash337 Bq kgminus1)

Due to its short half life the reference materials for 210Poare not available The quality control for 210Po analyses inthis laboratory was carried out through participating in theintercomparison activities organized by the IAEA in March29 2007 The samples for intercomparison were a set of fivewater samples The obtained activity concentrations of 210Powere all in good agreement with the values given by the IAEA

Detection Limits Taking into account the 3120590 of the blankcount rates the counting efficiencies of the instrumentthe radiochemical yields the ingrowth or decay factor(210Pb 100) and the sample weight or volume and thedetection limit or more precisely the minimum detectableactivity (MDA) of the method for soil and air samples are025 Bq kgminus1 and 17 120583Bqmminus3 for 210Po and 073 Bq kgminus1 and17 120583Bqmminus3 for 210Pb respectively

252 Determination of Lead in Dust Particle Samples Takenfrom Chimney The procedure for stable lead separation anddetermination in the dust particle samples taken directlyfrom chimney was the same as that for 210Pb in soil samplesexcept for not adding lead carrierThe chemical yield for suchdust particle sample determination was obtained throughadditional analyses of 16 soil samples without artificiallead contamination by addition of lead carrier The lead

Table 5 Experimental values of 210Pb activity concentrations(corrected to the date of 1st January 1993) in the IAEA-315 MarineSedimentlowast

Sample no Sample weight g Pb yield 210Pb Bq kgminus1

IAEA-315-1 244352 917 327 plusmn 14

IAEA-315-2 247696 962 327 plusmn 14

IAEA-315-3 245552 886 294 plusmn 13

IAEA-315-4 253752 900 288 plusmn 13

IAEA-315-5 255880 934 309 plusmn 13

IAEA-315-6 252952 917 296 plusmn 13

Mean plusmn 1SD 919 plusmn 26 307 plusmn 17

Range 244352minus247696 886minus962 288minus327lowastThe recommended value (95 confidence interval) of 210Pb is 301 (260ndash337)

concentration was obtained from the PbSO4weight of the

sample after weighing and chemical yield corrections Takinginto account the weighing deviation chemical yield andsample quantity the estimated minimum detectable quantityfor lead was 00032

253 Determination of Iron Concentration in Raw Materials

Determination of the Iron Chemical Yield The standard ironsolution (400mg Fe mLminus1) was prepared by dissolution ofpure iron wire with 6M HCl and some 30 H

2O2OnemL

of the standard iron solution was put in a beaker and thefurther treatmentwas done following the procedure title (IronSeparation) The iron chemical yield was calculated as theratio of Fe weight in the residue over that in the standardsolution taken Four-time repeated analysis showed that theiron chemical yield of the procedure was 994 plusmn 22

Leaching Three g of raw material 20mL of conc HCl and10mL of 40HFwere added to an 100mL Teflon beakerThebeaker was heated at 250∘C Before drying 20mL of concHCl and 10mL of 40HF each were added and the step wasrepeated The solution was evaporated to incipient drynessand a 10mL portion of 72 HClO

4was added The solution

was evaporated to fuming to destroy the organic matter andto removeHFTheHClO

4treatmentwas repeated until nearly

the entire solid sample was decomposed The residue wasfinally dissolved with 15mL of conc HCl and 40mL of waterThe obtained solution was filtered through a 01 120583mMilliporefilter paper

Iron Separation A portion of the leaching solution wasput in a beaker and some conc ammonia solution wasadded to precipitate iron as Fe(OH)

3at pH 9-10 After

heating to flocculate the precipitate well the sample wastransferred to a plastic centrifugation tube and centrifuged at4000 rpm for 5min The supernatant was discarded and theiron precipitate was dissolved with 20ndash30mL of conc HClThe obtained solution was passed through a preconditionedanion-exchange resin column at room temperature and ata free flow rate [11] After washing with 5mL of 9M HCl30mL of 6MHCl + 1 H

2O2 and 30mL of 4M HCl iron


Table 6 The 210Po and 210Pb concentrations in Bq kgminus1 and iron concentrations in raw material samples collected from the ILVA Taranto on5 May 2009

Sample type Sample weight g Po yield 210Po Pb yield 210Pb 210Po210Pb Iron Coke 527951 945 134 plusmn 13 991 164 plusmn 07 0819 0883 plusmn 0005

Limestone 325234 995 117 plusmn 06 973 121 plusmn 06 0965 00207 plusmn 00010

Lime 305868 947 122 plusmn 07 985 128 plusmn 06 0950 0178 plusmn 0001

Iron mineral (MIN) 1 137134 848 133 plusmn 11 991 124 plusmn 08 1072 655 plusmn 02



Homogenized sample 125528 895 266 plusmn 23 100 320 plusmn 15 0833 581 plusmn 02

Mixture of agglomeration 117245 690 300 plusmn 25 100 277 plusmn 14 1081 527 plusmn 01

Mean plusmn 1SD mdash 859 plusmn 108 161 plusmn 86 979 plusmn 36 167 plusmn 91 0972 plusmn 0103 mdashRange 117245ndash527951 690ndash993 346ndash300 892ndash100 349ndash320 0819ndash108 00207ndash666

was eluted with 40mL of 05M HCl Some conc ammoniasolution was added to the collected eluant to precipitate ironagain as Fe(OH)

3at pH 9-10 The precipitate was filtered on

an ashless filter paper (Whatman 42)Thepaper togetherwiththe iron precipitate was carbonised transferred to a Mufflefurnace and burned into the iron chemical form of Fe

2O3

at 700∘C for 30min After cooling in a dryer the Fe2O3was

weighed

Calculation of the Iron Concentration The Fe2O3weight was

corrected by the iron composition the sample weight andchemical yield and the iron concentration () in the samplewas obtained Taking into account the weighing deviationchemical yield and sample quantity the estimated minimumdetectable quantity for iron was 00030

3 Results and Discussion

Tables 5ndash11 show the activity concentrations of 210Po and210Pb in the analyzed samples The given uncertainties (1SD)were estimated taking into account the errors associatedwith the weighing samples instrument calibration yieldcalculation and the counting statistics of the sample and theblank sources and so forth

31 The 210Po and 210Pb Concentrations in Raw MaterialSamples The raw material is the unique source of 210Poand 210Pb in the plant ILVA in Taranto The contaminationof 210Po and 210Pb in air is proportional to their volatilecharacteristics to the activity concentrations of the 210Poand 210Pb in raw materials and to the productivity of ironor steel and is inversely proportional to their adsorptioncharacteristics on particle before filtration and to the filtrationefficiency of the filtration system The main raw materialsused in the iron-steel-making process are iron ore andcoke as a reductant and limestone and lime as flux to makea blast furnace more efficient As shown in Table 6 theactivity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb in coke were low ifcompared with their concentrations in soil for Europe (a fewBq kgminus1 up to hundreds of Bq kgminus1) [12] It is not a surpriseas the preparation process of coke could let the major part

of 210Po and some parts of 210Pb in coal volatilize The datain Table 6 showed that some 210Pb still remain in coke andthe secular equilibrium between 210Pb and 210Po has not beenreached with a 210Po210Pb ratio of only 0819 The activityconcentrations of 210Po and 210Pb in limestone lime and ironminerals were also low especially in MIN 3 but 210Po and210Pb seem to be in secular equilibrium with 210Po210Pbratios of sim1 in these samples However The activity concen-trations of 210Po and 210Pb in homogenized and mixtureof agglomeration samples were similar and high if comparedwith those in the raw materials and it was intimated thatexcept for coke limestone lime and iron minerals as rawmaterials there could be some other ingredients for thepurpose of improving the characteristics of the ironsteelproducts such as dolomite quarts phosphates and so forthwhich could contain much higher activities of 210Po and210Pb

32 The 210Po and 210Pb Inventory Estimation The plantILVA in Taranto comprises five blast furnaces The ironminerals limestone lime and coal (or coke) were used asthe principal raw materials in the plant with a productioncapacity of around 12Mt of steel per year The obtainedmean iron concentration in the mixture of agglomerationand homogenized samples was 554 plusmn 38 From Table 6it was seen that the iron concentrations in coke limestoneand lime were very low and their Fe contribution to thesteel-making was negligible Therefore from the mean ironconcentrations in the mixed raw materials it was estimatedthat the total quantity of the raw materials consumed in theplant was 22Mt yminus1 Based on the mean concentrations of210Po (120 plusmn 47Bq kgminus1) and 210Pb (123 plusmn 48Bq kgminus1) inthe raw materials and the total quantity of the raw materialsconsumed per year the annual inventories of 210Po and 210Pbin the area of the ILVA in Taranto could be 264times1011 Bq and271 times 10

11 Bq respectively if all of them were volatized fromthe raw materials completely of which some deposited in thefirst filtration system some in the second filtration systemand some released from the E312 chimney and deposited inthe nearby environment of the ILVA in Taranto


Table 7The 210Po and 210Pb concentrations in kBq kgminus1 and lead contents in the dust particle samples collected from the first (DP1 and DP3)and second (DP2 and DP4) filtration systems of the ILVA Taranto on 16 Marchndash5 May 2009

Sample no Collection date Sample weight g Po yield 210Po Pb yield 210Pb 210Po210Pb Lead DP1 16 March 2009 11318 733 109 plusmn 11 938 641 plusmn 026 170 0470 plusmn 0016

DP2 16 March 2009 11969 100 225 plusmn 10 938 135 plusmn 06 167 0921 plusmn 0032

DP3 5 May 2009 327400 100 591 plusmn 024lowast 994 544 plusmn 023 mdash 0403 plusmn 0002


Mean plusmn 1SD mdash mdash 933 plusmn 134 mdash 966 plusmn 33 mdash 138 plusmn 036 mdashRange mdash 11318ndash32740 733ndash100 591ndash225 938ndash995 544ndash188 105ndash170 0403ndash175lowastThe 210Po concentrations in DP3 and DP4 sample is not representative due to the long storage time

Table 8 The 210Po and 210Pb concentrations in kBq kgminus1 and lead contents in the dust particle samples collected at the exit of E312 chimneyof the ILVA Taranto on 5ndash7 May 2009

Sample no Collection date Samplingvolume m3 Sample weight g Po yield 210Po Pb yield 210Pb 210Po210Pb Lead

DP5 5 May 2009 0949 000620 941 710 plusmn 32 938 281 plusmn 12 252 441 plusmn 022



Mean plusmn 1SD mdash 0975 plusmn 0025 000547 plusmn 000107 959 plusmn 18 780 plusmn 73 938 324 plusmn 37 242 plusmn 015 637 plusmn 271

Range mdash 0949ndash0999 000424ndash000620 941ndash977 710ndash856 mdash 281ndash346 225ndash252 441ndash946

33 The 210Po 210Pb and Lead Concentrations in the DustParticles Collected from the Filtration Systems and the Exitof the E312 Chimney The raw material was charged into theblast furnaces at a temperature of over 1000∘C where the ironcompounds in it give up excess oxygen and become liquidiron in the meantime where the volatile process of polonium(210Po) and lead (210Pb) compounds occurs due to their lowmelting point (mp 254∘C for polonium and 327∘C for lead)The volatized polonium and lead together with the flow airand the fly ash (dust particle) start to undergo a process offlowing-throughadsorptionfiltrationdeposition in the first(130ndash150∘C) and second (120ndash140∘C) filtration systems andreleasing from the E312 chimney (100ndash130∘C) and depositingin the environment of the ILVA in Taranto At the beginningthe volatized polonium and lead could be a state of smokewhich was then step-by-step attached on dust particles oratmospheric aerosols in the submicron size range at a suitablecondition It was reported that the average attachment timeswere from 40 s to 3min at environmental temperature [13] InTable 7 DP1 and DP3 were collected in March andMay 2009as dust particles at the first filtration system and the contentswere 591ndash109 kBq kgminus1 of 210Po 544ndash641 kBq kgminus1 of 210Pband 0403ndash0470 of lead DP2 and DP4 were collected atthe second filtration system and the contents were 198ndash225 kBq kgminus1 of 210Po 135ndash188 kBq kgminus1 of 210Pb and 0921ndash175 of lead The results showed that the concentrations of210Po 210Pb and stable lead in the dust particles collected inthe second filtration system were higher than those in thefirst one This could be explained by the fact that McNearyand Baskaran [14] proposed the hypothesis that only a smallportion of the aerosols scavenges effectively 210Pb from theatmosphere and a major portion of the aerosols do notactively participate in the removal of these nuclides from

the air mass The small portion of the aerosols should meanthe portion of small particle size (lt1120583m) Due to the fact thatthe particle sizes in the first filtration system are bigger thanthose in the second one the adsorption rate is lowered

DP5ndashDP7 in Table 8 as dust particle samples were col-lected inMay 2009 from the exit of E312 chimney of the ILVAin Taranto using glass-fiber filter The contents were 710ndash856 kBq kgminus1 of 210Po 281ndash346 kBq kgminus1 of 210Pb and 441ndash946 of lead It was noticed that the specific concentrationsof 210Po 210Pb and stable lead were the highest if comparedwith the relevant results obtained in the first and secondfiltration systems (Table 7) From the data in Tables 7 and 8it can be seen that the activity concentrations of 210Po in allthe DP samples except for DP3 and DP4 were much higherthan those of 210Pb This tendency could also be explainedby the melting point difference between polonium and leadelements (mp 254∘C for polonium and 327∘C for lead)therefore 210Po is more volatile than 210Pb The tendency inDP3 and DP4 should also be the same unfortunately thetwo samples were analyzed with more than 2 years of delayafter the sampling so the activities of 210Pb and 210Po nearlyreached the radioactive equilibrium due to the 210Po decay

The activity concentrations of 210Po or 210Pb as a functionof the stable lead contents in all dust particle samples collectedin the filtration systems and at the exit of the E312 chimneyof the ILVA in Taranto were shown in Figure 1 The positivecorrelation illustrated that the 210Po and 210Pb activities in therawmaterials used in the plant were proportional to their leadcontents

During the investigation the plant was operated withonly 30 capacity Based on the working condition during9ndash15 April 2008 the mean daily dust particle production was500 t in the first filtration system and 171 t in the second one


Table 9 The 210Po and 210Pb concentrations in Bq kgminus1 in soil samples (depth 0ndash5 cm) collected from the area of the ILVA Taranto (SS1-SS6)and from Castel Romano Roma (SS7) on 2 November 2008

Sample no Sampling site Sample weight g Po yield 210Po Pb yield 210Pb 210Po210PbSS1-1 Piazza del Gesu 32510 784 552 plusmn 31 915 525 plusmn 22 105SS1-2 Piazza del Gesu 32125 939 493 plusmn 27 873 516 plusmn 22 0955SS2-1 Via Raimondello Orsini 32095 870 647 plusmn 34 943 692 plusmn 29 0935SS2-2 Via Raimondello Orsini 31815 1018 601 plusmn 31 925 694 plusmn 29 0866SS3-1 Via Cannata 31419 908 863 plusmn 46 909 952 plusmn 39 0906SS3-2 Via Cannata 31775 974 850 plusmn 40 979 844 plusmn 35 101SS4-1 Via del Tratturello 31980 792 923 plusmn 47 964 874 plusmn 36 106SS4-2 Via del Tratturello 30564 969 889 plusmn 44 943 989 plusmn 41 0899SS5-1 Via delle Sorgenti Statte 32292 934 140 plusmn 7 937 140 plusmn 6 0998SS5-2 Via delle Sorgenti Statte 32858 1005 130 plusmn 6 912 150 plusmn 6 0863SS6-1 Via Santerano Gioia del Colle 32151 998 596 plusmn 34 882 665 plusmn 28 0896SS6-2 Via Santerano Gioia del Colle 30566 866 655 plusmn 36 897 706 plusmn 29 0927Mean plusmn 1SD mdash 921 plusmn 79 814 plusmn 289 923 plusmn 32 864 plusmn 314 0947 plusmn 0067Range 30564ndash32858 784ndash1018 493ndash140 873ndash979 516ndash150 0863ndash106SS7-1 Castel Romano Roma 32114 874 528 plusmn 29 897 609 plusmn 25 0866SS7-2 Castel Romano Roma 31919 832 525 plusmn 29 891 555 plusmn 23 0946Mean plusmn 1SD mdash 853 plusmn 30 526 plusmn 02 894 plusmn 04 582 plusmn 39 0906 plusmn 0057

Range 31919ndash32114 832ndash874 525ndash528 891ndash897 555ndash609 0866ndash0946

Therefore it was estimated that the mean annual depositedquantities of the dust particles were 1826 plusmn 34 t yminus1 in thefirst filtration system and 626 plusmn 7 t yminus1 in the second one Thediameter of the E312 chimney is 100m the air flow rate was200m sminus1 and the mean content of the dust particle duringsampling was 5624mgmminus3 so the estimated dust particlequantity released from the exit of the chimney was 279 t yminus1According to the production quantities of the dust particlesand their mean activity concentrations in the particles shownin Tables 7 and 8 the annual subinventories of 210Po 210Pband stable lead could be 199 times 1010 Bq 108 times 1010 Bq and7970 kg in the first filtration system 141 times 1010 Bq 101 times1010 Bq and 8360 kg in the second filtration system and218 times 10

10 Bq 903 times 109 Bq and 17758 kg released fromthe exit of the chimney respectively The total inventoriesestimated in this way were 558 times 1010 Bq yminus1 of 210Po 300 times1010 Bq yminus1 of 210Pb and 34089 kg of stable lead From this

data it was seen that 234ndash361 of 210Po 210Pb and leadwere deposited in the first filtration system 245ndash338 inthe second filtration system and 301ndash529 emitted from theE312 chimney and deposited in the environment of the ILVAin Taranto If the plant was in operation with full capacitythe total inventory could be 186 times 1011 Bq yminus1 of 210Po999 times 10

10 Bq yminus1 of 210Pb and 114 times 105 kg of Pb Theseestimated inventories of 210Po and 210Pb were nearly in thesame order of magnitude with that (264 times 1011 Bq of 210Poand 271times1011 Bq of 210Pb) estimated from the rawmaterialsin Section 32

34 Polonium-210 and 210Pb Concentrations in Surficial SoilSamples (i) Scavenging in convective updraft (ii) scaveng-ing by large-scale precipitation and (iii) dry deposition are

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

00 20 40 60 80 100Pb concentration in the dust particles ()

[210Po] = 9035 [Pb] + 1266R2 = 07696 n = 7 P lt 001

[210Pb] = 3332 [Pb] + 9410R2 = 08059 n = 7 P lt 00121

0 Poor

210 Pb

conc

entr

atio

ns in

the d

ust

part

icle

s (kB

q kgminus

1 )

Figure 1 The activity concentrations of 210Po or 210Pb as a functionof the Pb contents in the dust particle samples collected in the filterand chimney of the ILVA Taranto

the three major mechanisms by which the scavenging oftropospheric 210Pb and 210Po takes place Surficial (0ndash5 cm)soil sample is a good indicator of the 210Pb and 210Po deposi-tion in air As shown in Table 9 the activity concentrationsin the collected surficial soil samples were in the range of493ndash140 Bq kgminus1 for 210Po and 516ndash150 Bq kgminus1 for 210PbThereported values in soil by UNSCEAR [12] for Europe werefrom a few Bq kgminus1 up to hundreds of Bq kgminus1 Was thereany man-made contamination of 210Po and 210Pb in soil ornot It is really difficult to evaluate the obtained data only bycomparison with the reported values with a wide variationfor Europe Therefore it is very important to select a control


site which is far from the sources of artificial contaminationand geologically similar to the investigated sites in the ILVAin Taranto (SS1-SS6) The Laboratory of the ISPRAmdashCastelRomano Roma (SS7) was selected as an ideal site for controlThe data in Table 9mdashshowed that (i) the 210Po and 210Pbactivity concentration in SS7 as a general background valuewere 526plusmn02 and 582plusmn39Bq kgminus1 respectively (ii) exceptfor SS1 the elevated 210Po and 210Pb activity concentrationsin all other samples (SS2ndashSS6) at the ILVA in Taranto wereobservable and the mean concentrations of 210Po and 210Pbwere 155 and 148 times as high as those at the control site(iii) the highest values were found in SS5 with themean 210Poand 210Pb concentrations of 135plusmn7 and 145plusmn7Bq kgminus1 whichwere about 257 and 249 times as high as those at the controlsite respectively (iv) it seems that the activity concentrationsof 210Po were a little bit less than those of 210Pb but theywere nearly in equilibrium with a mean 210Po210Pb ratio of0947 plusmn 0067

The accumulation and mobility of 210Po and 210Pb in theterrestrial environment due to atmospheric fallout vary withthe geographic locations and depend not only on physico-chemical properties of the radionuclides themselves but alsoon (i) climatic conditions such as rainfall temperaturehumidity wind direction and speed and biological activity ofmicroorganisms in soil and (ii) human activities such as cul-tivation irrigation and fertilization [15 16]The deposition of210Po and 210Pb from the smoke plume released from a chim-ney to surficial soil is a comprehensive process In this studythe E312 chimney of the ILVA in Taranto was considered asthe zero point (release point) After carefully fitting the data inTable 9 with the least square regression method it was foundthat the relationships between the activity concentrationsof 210Po and 210Pb in superficial soils and distance of thesampling sites from the release point can be well describedby equations of polynomial (Figure 2) From Figure 2 it wasobserved that (i) the activity concentrations of 210Po and210Pb in the soils are increasing with the increase of thedistance within 20 km and (ii) the activity concentrations canbe considered as background level beyond 40 km Thereforefrom Figure 2 it was predicted that the maximum activityconcentrations of 210Po and 210Pb in the territory could occurat about 20 km from the release point These data can alsoprovide useful information for the reasonable site selectionanddistribution for the future radiological surveyThe annualprecipitation rate in Puglia region is much less than otherregions of Italy therefore dry deposition could play animportant role for the long distance transportation of 210Poand 210Pb released from the ILVA in Taranto

35 Polonium-210 and 210Pb Concentrations in AtmosphericParticulate The atmospheric particulate samples in the firstsampling campaignwere takenwith high volume samplers on11 to 17 November 2008 at two sites located around the plantILVA in Taranto that is ViaMachiavelli andCisi At each sitetwo kinds of atmospheric particulate samples were collectedone with an atmospheric particulate mass concentration in

0

50

100

150

200

250

0 10 20 30 40 50Distance between the ILVA Taranto and sampling sites (km)

Po-210Pb-210

Poli (Pb-210)Poli (Po-210)

R2 = 0855 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = minus0400 [D]2 + 171 [D] + 337R2 = 0882 n = 12 P lt 001

e

activ

ity c

once

ntra

tion

of 21

0 Po o

r 21

0 Pb in

soil(B

qkgminus

1 )

[210Pb] = minus0431[D]2 + 185 [D] + 342

Figure 2The activity concentration of 210Po and 210Pb as a functionof the distance (D) between the ILVA Taranto and sampling site

the fraction of an aerodynamic diameter le10 120583m (PM10) and

another in the fraction of le25 120583m (PM25)

As indicated in Table 10 the obtained activity concentra-tions of 210Po in samples of PM

25and PM

10were in the range

of 458ndash214 120583Bqmminus3 and 431ndash226 120583Bqmminus3 that of 210Pbin the range of 298ndash1054 120583Bqmminus3 and 331ndash1099 120583Bqmminus3and the 210Po210Pb activity ratios in the range of 0133ndash0231 (mean 0172 plusmn 0037) and 0118ndash0217 (0165 plusmn 0040)respectively The corresponding mean values of atmosphericparticulate samples (PM

10) at the control site taken on 19ndash

29November 2008 were 485 120583Bqmminus3 for 210Po 399 120583Bqmminus3for 210Pb and 0122 for the 210Po210Pb ratio

At the first glance of the data in Table 10 and theweather record the activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pbwere highly variable and similar to the mass concentrationvariation of the atmospheric particulate [7] in particulardepending on the variability of weather conditions encoun-tered during the sampling period In the raining days lessparticulates were collected and therefore also lower activityconcentrations of 210Po and 210Pb were detected

In the UNSCEAR [12] reports that the reference con-centrations in air are about 50120583Bqmminus3 (ranged from 12to 80 120583Bqmminus3) for 210Po and 500120583Bmminus3 (ranged from 28to 2250120583Bqmminus3) for 210Pb respectively and they are sitesspecific It was reported that the yearly average concentra-tions of 210Pb in surface air over Europe were about 200ndash700 120583Bqmminus3Therefore the obtained concentrations of 210Poand 210Pb in this study were in well agreement with thereported values

Lead-210 and 210Po in atmosphere come from severalsources (i) from volcanic dust [17 18] (ii) from 222Rn gaswhich is exhaled from the ground into the atmosphere [1920] (iii) from resuspended soil particles (see [21ndash24]) and(iv) from widespread dispersal of phosphate fertilizers fossilfuel combustion biomass burning and industrial processes


Table10Th

e210 Poand

210 Pbactiv

ityconcentrations

inatmosph

ericparticulatecollected

from

thearea

oftheILVA

Taranto(A

P1-12)

on11ndash

17Novem

ber2

008andfro

mCastelR

omano

Roma(

AP13)o

n19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Samplec

ode

Samplingsite

Aerodynamic

diam

eter120583

mPo

yield

210 Po120583Bq

mminus3

210 PokB

qkgminus1

Pbyield

210 Pb120583Bq

mminus3

210 PbkB

qkgminus1

210 Po

210 Pb

AP7

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

925

130plusmn6

679plusmn029

845

975plusmn41

509plusmn22

0133

AP8

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

969

214plusmn9

154plusmn07

852

1054plusmn45

758plusmn32

0203

AP9

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

902

835plusmn42

177plusmn09

910

362plusmn15

764plusmn33

0231

AP10

Cisi

le25

998

750plusmn37

128plusmn06

900

464plusmn20

791plusmn34

0162

AP11

Cisi

le25

966

659plusmn68

172plusmn18

903

444plusmn20

116plusmn5

0148

AP12

Cisi

le25

967

458plusmn27

911plusmn05

828

298plusmn13

592plusmn25

0154

AP1

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

912

128plusmn7

418plusmn022

948

1083plusmn46

353plusmn15

0118

AP2

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

962

226plusmn11

103plusmn05

914

1099plusmn46

499plusmn21

0206

AP3

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

1000

779plusmn38

793plusmn039

958

358plusmn15

365plusmn16

0217

AP4

Cisi

le10

930

815plusmn39

549plusmn026

914

484plusmn21

325plusmn14

0169

AP5

Cisi

le10

916

772plusmn75

360plusmn035

903

520plusmn23

242plusmn11

0149

AP6

Cisi

le10

1001

431plusmn20

363plusmn017

872

331plusmn14

279plusmn12

0130

Meanplusmn1SD

mdash954plusmn36

104plusmn60

950plusmn518896plusmn40

623plusmn325


Range

mdash902ndash1001

431ndash

226

360ndash177

828ndash9

58

298ndash1099

242ndash116

0118

ndash0231

AP13

Caste

lRom

anoRo

ma

le10

967

485plusmn33

228plusmn015

842

399plusmn17

187plusmn08

0122


including mining and smelting of uranium phosphate leadand iron ore [20 25] The first three categories are naturalsources while the last is artificial one that is man-madecontamination The global mass balance calculation for theatmospheric 210Pb or 210Po was done by a number ofresearchers Lambert et al [26] estimated a global volcanic210Po output of 24 times 1015 Bq yminus1 with a median 210Po210Pbactivity ratio of 40 resulting in a 210Pb contribution of 60 times1013 Bq yminus1 Wilkening et al estimated the 210Pb flux due to222Rn emanation from all the continental area of the world tobe 350 times 1016 Bq yminus1 and the corresponding value from sur-face water (ocean rivers and lakes) to be 95times1014 Bq yminus1 [2728] Robbins [29] estimated the 210Pb global flux (assuming210Po and 210Pb are in equilibrium) from resuspended dust tobe 33times1014 Bq yminus1 while the atmospheric inventory of 210Pbor 210Po from burning of coal and the widespread dispersalof phosphate fertilizers in land areas around the globe alongwith the gypsum byproducts of fertilizer production wasestimated to be about 37ndash74 times 1014 Bq yminus1 This investigation(Section 32) indicated that the emission from the ILVA inTaranto to the atmosphere is maximum 264 times 1011 Bq yminus1 of210Po and 271 times 1011 Bq yminus1 of 210Pb

It was said that the concentrations of 210Po in air areextremely high for weeks and in some cases months beforemajor volcanic eruption [21 23] Shortly after the eruptionstops over three orders of magnitude decrease in the activityof 210Po in air even at gt1300 km from the eruption site Dueto its volatility 210Po is highly enriched in volcanic gaseswith 210Po210Pb activity ratios up to 600 (57 to 614) in theStrombolirsquos plume which has been reported [30] As faras the case of ILVA in Taranto is concerned the affectionfrom the source of volcanic eruption was not consideredas there was no any volcanic eruption in the investigationperiod in the studied region and nearby In fact the 222Rn gasexhalation (the second category) is themost important sourcecontribution of 210Po and 210Pb in the obtained sampleswhich can be confirmed by the similar concentrations of210Po and 210Pb and the 210Po210Pb ratios in some samplesif compared to that at the control site As shown in Table 10the activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb found in thefraction of PM

10did not differ from the corresponding

values found in the fractions of PM25 thus it was showed

that almost all of 210Po and 210Pb were found only in thefraction of PM

25 This conclusion is consistent with that

reported by Martell and Moore [31] who observed that 90of 210Pb ion aerosols are associated with particles le03 120583m

Studies showed that when inhaled smaller particles canbe more toxic than a comparable mass of larger particles ofthe same material as the health effects are directly linkedto their bigger particle surface area and higher solubility[32] Due to the fact that (i) the sizes of the resuspendedsoil particle in most cases are gt2120583m and the 210Po210Pbratios are high and in the range of 077ndash10 and (ii) the210Po210Pb ratios in the collected samples are much less than077ndash10 therefore it was speculated that the 210Po and 210Pbcontribution from the resuspended soil particles (the thirdcategory) in the collected samples (Table 10) were negligible

According to the literature [33] the atmospheric resi-dence times of the fine aerosols are 33ndash66 days and thecalculated 210Po210Pb activity ratios in air samples shouldbe le 0092 In fact from the sampling to measuring 10ndash20 days are needed in the study and taking into accountthe 210Po decay and ingrowth from 210Pb in that periodthe 210Po210Pb activity ratio of 0122 obtained at the controlsite is reasonable If 0122 was taken as the reference valueit was seen that the 210Po210Pb activity ratios in Table 10were only a little bit higher than the reference value in nearlyall the atmosphere particulate samples collected from theILVA in Taranto The data indicated that there could exista possibility of man-made dust contamination of 210Po and210Pb in the area of ILVA in Taranto and the contaminationcould be as a result of dust containing 210Po and 210Pb emittedfrom the plant chimney during the steel-making process butthe possibility seems not significant The data also showedthat 210Po and 210Pb activity concentrations at the nearersite to the chimney (Via Machiavelli) were higher than thoseat the farther site (Cisi) and the maximum contaminationsof 210Po and 210Pb in the ILVA in Taranto samples wereabout 466 and 275 times as high as thoes at the controlsite respectively Moreover correlation analysis (Figure 3)showed that a positive correlation was found between the210Po and 210Pb concentrations in atmospheric particulatecollected at the site ILVA in Taranto and their relation can beexpressed as [210Po in 120583Bqm3] = 0165[210Pb in 120583Bqm3] +172 120583Bqm3 (1198772 = 0793 119899 = 12 119875 lt 001)

As shown in Table 2 the mass concentration of particlein air samples collected in the ILVA in Taranto on 11ndash17November 2008 ranged from 384 to 3068 120583gmminus3 with amean value of 136plusmn84 120583gmminus3The obtained valuewasmuchlower than the annual mean values of 42120583gmminus3 at the site ofMachiavelli and 34 120583gmminus3 in Cisi obtained by theMonitoringCenter of TarantoThe lower valuewas attributed to a numberof factors (i) during the sampling period the wind directionwas changed frequently and it was not possible to relocatequickly the equipment for collecting particulates in a shorttime therefore the equipment was not in the well positionof downwind of the plant emission (ii) during the samplingperiod namely on days 12 13 and 14 November 2008 theplant was operated with only one production line of two andpartially reduced the emission of particles (iii) during thesampling period two or three days of raining occurred andthe process could surely affect the scavenge of the particulatesemitted from the chimney of the plant and reduce theparticulate concentration in air As shown in Figure 4 thereexist positive correlations between the mass concentrationsof particulate and 210Po or 210Pb concentrations in the airsamples collected in the ILVA in Taranto on 11ndash17 November2008 Therefore based on the routine monitoring results ofthe mass concentrations of particulate in air in the area of theILVA in Taranto it is predicted that higher concentrations of210Po and 210Pbderived from the industrial activity in the areain routine could be possible

The mass specific activity concentrations of 210Po and210Pb in the atmospheric particulate were also given in


0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

210 Po

conc

entr

atio

nin

atm

osph

eric

part

icul

ate(120583

Bqmminus

3 )

210Pb concentration in atmosphericparticulate (120583Bqmminus3)

[210Po in 120583Bqm3] = 0165 [210Pb in 120583Bqm3] + 172 120583Bqm3

R2 = 0793 n = 12 P lt 001

Figure 3 Correlation between 210Po and 210Pb concentrations inatmospheric particulate collected at site ILVA Taranto

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Mass concentration of particulate (mg mminus3)

210 Po

or21

0 Pbco

ncen

trat

ions

(120583Bq

mminus

3 )

[210Pb] = 289 [PM] + 230R2 = 0559 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = 357 [PM] + 569R2 = 0257 n = 12 P lt 001

Figure 4 The correlation between the mass concentration ofparticulate (PM) and 210Poor 210Pb concentrations in the air samplescollected in ILVA Taranto in 11ndash17 November 2008

Table 10 It is seen that the mass specific activity concentra-tions of 210Po and 210Pb in the samples collected in the areaILVA in Taranto were in the range of 360ndash177 (mean 950 plusmn518) and 242ndash116 (mean 553plusmn272) kBq kgminus1 respectivelyThe corresponding values in the control site (Castel RomanoRoma) were 228plusmn 015 and 187 plusmn 08 kBq kgminus1 respectivelyCompared with the mean activity concentrations in soilin the corresponding sampling sites the ratios of the massactivity concentration in the atmospheric particulate and thatin the top soil were 442ndash217 (mean 117 plusmn 64) for 210Po and280ndash1340 (mean 640plusmn315) for 210Pb It was observed that themass specific activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb in theatmospheric particulate are one to three order of magnitudehigher than that found in the top soilTherefore the efficiencyof both 210Po and 210Pb entrainment into the atmosphericaerosols is very high especially 210Pb

For further investigation the second sampling campaignfor atmospheric particulate samples at 4 sites in the ILVAin Taranto was carried out in 4ndash12 May 2009 As shown in

Table 11 the obtained activity concentrations of 210Po in sam-ples of PM

25andPM

10were in the range of 154ndash564120583Bqmminus3

those of 210Pb in the range of 618ndash1087 120583Bqmminus3 and the210Po210Pb activity ratios in the range of 0231ndash0543 (mean0343 plusmn 0097) The maximum concentrations of 210Po and210Pb were about 116 and 272 times as high as those at thecontrol sites respectively It seems that a stable contaminationfactor for 210Pbwas found and that for 210Powasmuch highercompared with the corresponding data in the first samplingcampaign

36 Estimation of the Committed Effective Dose for Membersof the Public due to Inhalation of Air Contaminated with 210Poand 210Pb The risk evaluation of 210Po and 210Pb for thegeneral public could involve two aspects that is radiologicaland biological toxicities In this paper only the radiologicaltoxicity is evaluated The possible radiation pathway couldinclude the external exposure from cloud plume and groundand internal exposure due to inhalation of air and digestionof food and water contaminated with 210Po and 210Pb Dueto the fact that 210Po is a pure 120572-emitter and 210Pb is aweek 120573-emitter internal exposure through inhalation of thecontaminated air in this case could be a very importantpathway for individual of the public For estimation of theannual committed effective dose (119864 Sv yminus1) for members ofthe public due to inhalation the following equation was used

119864 = sum

119895

119860119895119877119879119862119895inh (2)

where 119895 is 210Po or 210Pb119860119895is themean ormaximum activity

concentration of 210Po or 210Pb in atmospheric particulateBqmminus3119877 is themean respiration rate for individual of differ-ent age group [34] m3 dminus1 119879 is the exposure time 365 d yminus1119862119895inh the age-dependent dose coefficient for inhalation of

particulate aerosols containing 210Po or 210Pb 119862119895inh also

depends on the absorption rate of the materials inhaled Ingeneral consideration there could exist three types of 210Po or210Pbmaterials in the taken atmospheric particulate samplesthat is F fast absorption type M moderate type and S slowtype In this study for sure to obtain the conservative doseresults the 119862

119895inh value for the material of slow type wasselected for the dose evaluation [35]

Based on the mean or maximum concentrations of 210Poand 210Pb in the samples collected on 19ndash29 November 2008in Castel Romano Roma and on 11ndash17 November 2008 aswell as in 4ndash12 May 2009 at sites of the ILVA in Taranto theestimated annual committed effective doses for different agegroup of the public were given in Tables 12ndash14

Only taking into account the adult population fromTable 12 it was seen that (i) the mean committed effectivedoses due to intake of 210Po and 210Pb from the atmosphericparticulate at the control site (Castel Romano Roma) were169 and 181 120583Sv yminus1 respectively and with a total dose of 198120583Sv yminus1 (ii) the dose from 210Pb was 107 time as high as thatfrom 210Po and (iii) the doses received for all age groups werenearly in the same level


Table 11The 210Po and 210Pb concentrations in 120583Bqmminus3 in atmospheric particulate (AP) collected from the area of the ILVA Taranto on 4ndash12May 2009

Sample code Sampling site Aerodynamicdiameter 120583m

Po yield 210Po Pb yield 210Pb 210Po210Pb

AP14 Alto Adige le25 1003 246 plusmn 15 955 730 plusmn 32 0337AP15 Alto Adige le25 862 221 plusmn 13 100 655 plusmn 29 0337AP16 Via Machiavelli le25 100 217 plusmn 12 100 618 plusmn 27 0352AP17 Via Machiavelli le25 719 154 plusmn 11 100 662 plusmn 29 0233AP18 Via delle Sorgenti Statte le10 885 193 plusmn 12 951 647 plusmn 28 0299AP19 Via delle Sorgenti Statte le10 969 171 plusmn 13 910 739 plusmn 32 0231AP20 Via delle Sorgenti Statte le10 908 265 plusmn 16 1009 986 plusmn 42 0268AP21 Via delle Sorgenti Statte le10 945 564 plusmn 28 100 1038 plusmn 44 0543AP22 San Vito le10 903 mdash 922 766 plusmn 33 mdashAP23 San Vito le10 705 399 plusmn 23 767 1005 plusmn 43 0396AP24 San Vito le10 975 475 plusmn 23 1004 1087 plusmn 45 0437Mean plusmn 1SD mdash 898 plusmn 103 291 plusmn 140 956 plusmn 72 812 plusmn 179 0343 plusmn 0097

Range mdash 705ndash1003 154ndash564 767ndash1009 618ndash1087 0231ndash0543

As shown in Table 13 themean committed effective dosesfor adult due to intake of 210Po and 210Pb from the atmo-spheric particulate at the sites of the ILVA in Taranto on 11ndash17 November 2008 were 362 and 283 120583Sv yminus1 respectivelyand with a total dose of 319 120583Sv yminus1 and they were 16ndash21 times as high as that at the control site Based on themaximum concentrations the dose from 210Po and 210Pbcould be 787 and 499 120583Sv yminus1 respectively and with a totaldose of 577 120583Sv yminus1 Therefore about 121 120583Sv yminus1 at meanand 379 120583Sv yminus1 at maximum could be attributed to the 210Poand 210Pb emitted from the chimney of the ILVA in Tarantoof which about 84 were the contribution of 210Pb Theestimated dose in this investigation campaign could be aunderestimated value due to the particle scavenge effect ofraining the wind direction changing and the lower particleemitting rate during the plant production with only half-capacity

Based on the results in the second investigation campaign(Table 14) the mean committed effective doses for adult dueto intake of 210Po and 210Pb from the atmospheric particulateat the sites of the ILVA in Taranto in 4ndash12 May 2009 were101 and 368 120583Sv yminus1 respectively and with a total dose of470 120583Sv yminus1 and they were 20ndash60 times as high as that atthe control site If based on themaximum concentrations thedoses from 210Po and 210Pb could be 197 and 493 120583Sv yminus1respectively and with a total dose of 690 120583S yminus1 Thereforeabout 272120583Sv yminus1 of the dose at mean and 492 120583Sv yminus1 atmaximum could be attributed to the 210Po and 210Pb emittedfrom the chimney of the ILVA in Taranto of which about635ndash690 was the contribution of 210Pb

Due to the involvement of man-made release of 210Poand 210Pb the operational process of the ILVA in Tarantocould be considered as a planned and prolonged exposuresituation The radiological risk evaluation to members ofpublic in Taranto was based on the guidance from ICRP and

the Italian lawThe constrains and reference levels from ICRPto the public exposure from planned exposure situation is nomore than 03mSv yminus1 from waste management operations[36] and is no more than 01 mSv yminus1 from situation ofprolonged exposure [37]The guidance from ICRP is also thebasic principle for the Italian law as well as its subsequentamendments [38] The additional committed effective dosesestimated to individuals of the public due to emission of210Po and 210Pb from the plant of the ILVA in Taranto in thetwo times of investigation campaigns all were much lowerthan the established action level even in the worst case(492 120583Sv yminus1) Therefore no specific interventions should berequired as far as only inhalation of 210Po and 210Pb wasconcerned

It was reported that the average committed effective doseresulting from exposure to environmental background radia-tion in Italy regardless of exposure to indoor radon is greaterthan 1mSv yminus1 [39] and the global average human exposurefrom natural sources is 24mSv yminus1 [12 40] From radiationprotection point of view it is predicted that the exposuredamage to individuals of public due to the inhalation of 210Poand 210Pb released from the ILVA in Taranto could not beobservable and significant

Being time- labor- andmoney-consuming the survey atthis stage was mainly focused on studies of the radiologicalimpact of 210Po and 210Pb through inhalation on the adultmembers of the public According to literatures [5] 210Po and210Pb are the most important radionuclides released from thecoal power plant steel-making industry and refractorymate-rial industry and inhalation is a very important exposurepathway However the other possible radiological impacts ofuranium thorium or radium isotopes on workers and thepublic in the region of the ILVA in Taranto resulting from thetreatment storage disposal and reuse of the produced wastethrough ingestion of the contaminated food vegetable water


Table12Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

ean

210 Poand

210 Pbconcentrations

inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

theC

astelR

omanoRo

ma

on19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Age

classesy

Respira

tion

ratem

3dminus

1Ann

ualrespiratio

nvolumem

3yminus

1

210 Podo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1

286

1044

180119864minus05

485119864minus05

911119864minus07

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

750119864minus06

841119864minus06

1-2516

1883

140119864minus05

485119864minus05

128119864minus06

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

135119864minus05

148119864minus05

2ndash7

872

3183

860119864minus06

485119864minus05

133119864minus06

110119864minus05

399119864minus04

140119864minus05

153119864minus05

7ndash12

153

5585

590119864minus06

485119864minus05

160119864minus06

720119864minus06

399119864minus04

160119864minus05

176119864minus05

12ndash17

201

7337

510119864minus06

485119864minus05

181119864minus06

590119864minus06

399119864minus04

173119864minus05

191119864minus05

Adult(gt17)

222

8103

430119864minus06

485119864minus05

169119864minus06

560119864minus06

399119864minus04

181119864minus05

198119864minus05


Table13Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

reao

ftheILV

ATarantoon

11ndash17

Novem

ber2

008lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1

104119864minus04226119864minus04195119864minus06425119864minus06623119864minus04110119864minus03117119864minus05

207119864minus05

137119864minus05

249119864minus05

1-2104119864minus04226119864minus04274119864minus06596119864minus06623119864minus04110119864minus03211119864minus05

373119864minus05

239119864minus05

432119864minus05

2ndash7


385119864minus05

247119864minus05

447119864minus05

7ndash12


442119864minus05

285119864minus05

516119864minus05

12ndash17


476119864minus05

309119864minus05

560119864minus05

Adult(gt17)104119864minus04226119864minus04362119864minus06787119864minus06623119864minus04110119864minus03283119864minus05

499119864minus05

319119864minus05

577119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12


Table14Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

thep

ublic

estim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

rea

oftheILV

ATarantoon

4ndash12

May

2009lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


204119864minus05

207119864minus05

310119864minus05


369119864minus05

352119864minus05

517119864minus05

2ndash7


381119864minus05

364119864minus05

535119864minus05

7ndash12


437119864minus05

422119864minus05

623119864minus05

12ndash17


471119864minus05

460119864minus05

682119864minus05


493119864minus05

470119864minus05

690119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12


and soil and inhalation of air all can be subjects of futureresearches

In spite of the difficulties to statistically observe the bio-effect of radiation dose at very low exposure rate additionalconcentrations of 210Po and 210Pb from theman-made releaseare usually considered toxic to public due to their radiationdamage and chemical toxicity One of the three well-knownradiation protection principles (justification optimizationand dose limitation) recommended by the ICRP for practicesis that doses to individuals of public and to occupation-ally exposed workers should be kept as low as reasonablyachievable (optimization principle) Thus for realizing theoptimization principle for the practice or-so-called ldquoplannedand prolonged exposure situationrdquo the administrators of theplant ILVA in Taranto should keep in mind to better controltheir production procedures for instance (i) selecting theraw materials containing lower activity of radionuclides (ii)keeping the filtration system always in good function (iii)inventing and testing new technologies to improve the effectof dust particle removal (eg wet method) and (iv) welldisposal of the wastes to prevent the second contaminationof the environment mankind and so forth

Moreover the biological and chemical toxicities andepidemiological survey of lead in the area of the ILVA inTaranto should also be a subject of study as far as the publichealth is concerned because the release of 178 t yminus1 or evenmore of lead smoke into the atmosphere estimated in thiswork is not a quantity negligible

4 Conclusion

The radiological survey on the Iron- and Steel-making PlantILVA in Taranto was mainly focused on contaminationsource-term investigation and exposure impact evaluationof the volatile radionuclides 210Po and 210Pb The activityconcentrations of 210Po and 210Pb in the raw materials dustparticles surficial soils and atmospheric particulate samplescollected in the area of ILVA in Taranto were determinedThe results showed that the activity concentrations in theraw materials were in the range of 346ndash179 Bq kgminus1 of 210Poand of 350ndash168 Bq kgminus1 of 210Pb which were relatively lowand could create a maximum annual inventories of 264 times1011 Bq of 210Po and 271 times 1011 Bq of 210Pb if a total quantity

of 22Mt yminus1 raw materials was consumed in the plant Theactivity concentrations in dust particles emitted from thechimney of the ILVA in Taranto were in the range of 591ndash856 kBq kgminus1 of 210Po and of 544ndash346 kBq kgminus1 of 210Pbreleasing more 210Po than 210Pb The activity concentrationsin surficial soils (depth 0ndash5 cm) were in the range of493minus140 Bq kgminus1 of 210Po and of 516ndash150 Bq kgminus1 of 210Pbbeing observable a variation of the activity concentrationswith distance The activity concentrations in atmosphericparticulate were in the range of 431ndash564 120583Bqmminus3 of 210Poand 618ndash1099 120583Bqmminus3 of 210Pb and it was observed that themass specific activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb in theatmospheric particulate are one to three order of magnitudehigher than that found in the top soil In the worst case

detected the mean committed effective doses for adult dueto intake of 210Po and 210Pb from the inhaled atmosphericparticulate at the sites of the ILVA in Taranto were about101 and 368 120583Sv yminus1 respectively and with a total dose of470 120583Sv yminus1 and they were 20ndash60 times as high as that atthe control site Based on the maximum concentrations thedoses from 210Po and 210Pb could be 197 and 493 120583Sv yminus1respectively and with a total dose of 690 120583Sv yminus1 Afterdeduction of the background contribution about 272120583Sv yminus1of the dose at mean and 492 120583Sv yminus1 at maximum couldbe attributed to the 210Po and 210Pb emitted from the E312chimney of the ILVA in Taranto of which about 635ndash690was the contribution of 210Pb The constrains and referencelevels from ICRP to the public exposure from plannedexposure situation is no more than 03mSv yminus1 from wastemanagement operations and is no more than 01mSv yminus1from situation of prolonged exposure Therefore no specificinterventions should be required as far as only inhalation of210Po and 210Pb was concerned

Acknowledgments

The author would like to thank Engineer Roberto Mezzan-otte Roberto Giua Micaela Menegotto E Calabrese FabioCadoni Cristiano Ravaioli Gaetano Di Tursi and others fortheir valuable contribution to the work

References

[1] WHO (World Health Organization) Inorganic Lead Interna-tional Programme on Chemical Safety Geneva Switzerland1995

[2] World Bank Group (WBG) Lead Pollution Prevention andAbatement Handbook 1998

[3] N B Jain F Laden U Guller A Shankar S Kasani and EGarshick ldquoRelation between blood lead levels and childhoodanemia in IndiardquoTheAmerican Journal of Epidemiology vol 161no 10 pp 968ndash973 2005

[4] L F Ona ldquoLead (Pb) contamination of dust from schools inan urbanized city in the Philippinesrdquo International Journal ofEnvironmental Science and Development vol 1 no 4 pp 302ndash306 2010

[5] C Zampieri F Trotti D Desideri et al ldquoA study concerningnaturally occurring radionuclides in refractory industriesrdquo inProceedings of the National Conference of Radioprotection onHealth and Environment Research and Operating Radioprotec-tion Verona Italy September 2004 (Italian)

[6] ISPRA Banca dati BRACE dati 2007 Istitito Superiore per laProtezione e la Ricerca Ambientale httpwwwbracesinanetapatit

[7] ISPRA ldquoValutazione dellrsquoimpatto radiologico relativo allrsquoemis-sione di radionuclidi di origine naturale dallo stabilimento ILVAdi Tarantordquo Istitito Superiore per la Protezione e la RicercaAmbientale 2009

[8] R di Gigi ldquoLa Puglia dei velenirdquo LrsquoEspresso 2007 httpespressorepubblicaitdettagliola-puglia-dei-veleni1554209

[9] G Jia M Belli M Blasi A Marchetti S Rosamilia andU Sansone ldquo210Pb and 210Po determination in environmental


samplesrdquoApplied Radiation and Isotopes vol 53 no 1-2 pp 115ndash120 2000

[10] G Jia M Belli M Blasi A Marchetti S Rosamilia and USansone ldquoDetermination of 210Pb and 210Po in mineral andbiological environmental samplesrdquo Journal of Radioanalyticaland Nuclear Chemistry vol 247 no 3 pp 491ndash499 2001

[11] Y Ban and M Zhao ldquoAnalytical method of iron-59 in waterrdquoGBT 15220-1994 1994 (Chinese)

[12] UNSCEAR Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation UnitedNations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radia-tion New York NY USA 2000

[13] S Whittlestone ldquoRadon daughter disequilibrium in the lowermarine boundary layerrdquo Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry vol11 no 1-2 pp 27ndash42 1990

[14] D McNeary and M Baskaran ldquoResidence times and temporalvariations of 210Po in aerosols and precipitation from southeast-ernMichigan United Statesrdquo Journal of Geophysical Research Dvol 112 no 4 Article ID D04208 2007

[15] T I Bobovnikova Y P Virchenko A V Konoplev A Siverinaand I G Shkuratova ldquoChemical forms of occurrence of long-lived radionuclides and their alteration in soils near the cher-nobyl nuclear power stationrdquo Soviet Soil Science vol 23 no 5pp 52ndash57 1991

[16] G Riise H E Bjornstad H N Lien D H Oughton andB A Salbu ldquoA study on radionuclide association with soilcomponents using a sequential extraction procedurerdquo Journal ofRadioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry vol 142 no 2 pp 531ndash538 1990

[17] T Suzuki and H Shiono ldquoComparison of 210Po210Pb activ-ity ratio between aerosol and deposition in the atmosphericboundary layer over the west coast of Japanrdquo GeochemicalJournal vol 29 no 5 pp 287ndash291 1995

[18] E Y Nho M F Le Cloarec B Ardouin and M Ramonetldquo210Po an atmospheric tracer of long-range transport of vol-canic plumesrdquo Tellus B vol 49 no 4 pp 429ndash438 1997

[19] H E Moore S E Poet and E A Martell ldquo222Rn 210Pb 210Biand 210Po profiles and aerosol residence times versus altituderdquoJournal of Geophysical Research vol 78 no 30 pp 7065ndash70751973

[20] F P Carvalho ldquoOrigins and concentrations of 222Rn 210Pb 210Biand 210Po in the surface air at Lisbon Portugal at the Atlanticedge of the European continental landmassrdquo Atmospheric Envi-ronment vol 29 no 15 pp 1809ndash1819 1995

[21] Z Sheng and P K Kuroda ldquoAtmospheric injections of Po-210from the recent volcanic eruptionsrdquo Geochemical Journal vol19 pp 1ndash10 1985

[22] E Y Nho B Ardouin M F Le Cloarec and M RamonetldquoOrigins of 210Po in the atmosphere at Lamto Ivory Coastbiomass burning and Saharan dustsrdquoAtmospheric Environmentvol 30 no 22 pp 3705ndash3714 1996

[23] C C Su and C A Hu ldquoAtmospheric 210Po anomaly as aprecursor of volcanic eruptionsrdquo Geophysical Research Lettersvol 29 no 5 p 1070 2002

[24] K K Turekian Y Nozaki and L K Benninger ldquoGeochemistryof atmospheric radon and radon productsrdquo Annual Review ofEarth and Planetary Sciences vol 5 pp 227ndash255 1977

[25] H EMoore E AMartell and S F Poet ldquoSources of polonium-210 in atmosphererdquo Environmental Science and Technology vol10 no 6 pp 586ndash591 1976

[26] G Lambert B Ardouin and G Polian ldquoVolcanic output oflong-lived radon daughtersrdquo Journal of Geophysical Researchvol 87 no 13 pp 11103ndash11108 1982

[27] M H Wilkening and W E Clements ldquoRadon-222 from theocean surfacerdquo Journal of Geophysical Research vol 80 pp3828ndash3830 1975

[28] M H Wilkening W E Clements and D Stanley ldquoRadon-222flux measurements in widely separated regionsrdquo inThe NaturalRadiation Environment II J A S Adams Ed vol 2 pp 717ndash730 1975 USERDA CONF-720805

[29] J A Robbins ldquoGeochemical and geophysical applications ofradioactive leadrdquo inTheBiogeochemistry of Lead in the Environ-ment J O Triage Ed pp 285ndash393 1978

[30] P J GauthierM F LeCloarec andMCondomines ldquoDegassingprocesses at Stromboli volcano inferred from short-lived dis-equilibria (210Pb-210Bi-210Po) in volcanic gasesrdquo Journal ofVolcanology and Geothermal Research vol 102 no 1-2 pp 1ndash192000

[31] E A Martell and H E Moore ldquoTropospheric aersol residencetime a crtical reviewrdquo Journal de Recherches Atmospheriquesvol 8 pp 903ndash910 1974

[32] B Yeganeh C M Kull M S Hull and L Marr ldquoCharacteri-zation of airborne particles during production of carbonaceousnanomaterialsrdquo Environmental Science and Technology vol 42no 12 pp 4600ndash4606 2008

[33] N A Marley J S Gaffney P J Drayton M M CunninghamK A Orlandini and R Paode ldquoMeasurement of 210Pb 210Poand 210Bi in size-fractionated atmospheric aerosols an estimateof fine-aerosol residence timesrdquoAerosol Science and Technologyvol 32 no 6 pp 569ndash583 2000

[34] ICRP ldquoAge-dependent doses to members of the public fromintake of radionuclides Part 4 inhalation dose coefficientsrdquo inAnnals of the ICRP vol 25 no 3-4 Pergamon Press OxfordUK 1995 ICRP Publication 71

[35] ICRP ldquoAge-dependent doses to members of the public fromintake of radionuclides Part 5 compilation of ingestion andinhalation dose coefficientrdquo inAnnals of the ICRP vol 26 no 1Pergamon Press Oxford UK 1996 ICRP Publication 72

[36] ICRP ldquoRadiological protection policy for the disposal ofradioactive wasterdquo in Annals of the ICRP vol 27 PergamonPress Oxford UK 1998 ICRP Publication 77

[37] ICRP ldquoProtection of the public in situation of prolongedradiation exposurerdquo in Annals of the ICRP vol 29 no 1-2Pergamon Press Oxford UK 1999 ICRP Publication 82

[38] Legislative Decree n 230 1995 httpwwwisprambientegovitfilestemidlvo230cpdf

[39] APATAnnuario dei Dati Ambientali Edizione 2005-2006 2006[40] UNSCEAR Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation vol 1

United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of AtomicRadiation New York NY USA 2008

Submit your manuscripts athttpwwwhindawicom

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Inorganic ChemistryInternational Journal of

Hindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

International Journal ofPhotoenergy


Carbohydrate Chemistry

International Journal of


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Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry

Hindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom

Analytical Methods in Chemistry

Journal of

Volume 2014

Bioinorganic Chemistry and ApplicationsHindawi Publishing Corporationhttpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

SpectroscopyInternational Journal of


The Scientific World JournalHindawi Publishing Corporation httpwwwhindawicom Volume 2014

Medicinal ChemistryInternational Journal of


Chromatography Research International


Applied ChemistryJournal of



Theoretical ChemistryJournal of


Journal of

Spectroscopy

Analytical ChemistryInternational Journal of


Journal of


Quantum Chemistry


Organic Chemistry International

ElectrochemistryInternational Journal of



CatalystsJournal of


Table1Th

e238 U

234U

235 U

232Th

226Ra

228Ra

224Ra

210Pb

and

210 Poconcentrations

(inBq

kgminus1 )in

samples

collected

from

thecoalpo

wer

plantste

el-m

akingindu

stryand

refractory

materialind

ustryin

Italyin

2003

(the2

32Th

concentrations

wereo

btainedfro

mZa

mpierietal2004

[5])

Samplec

ode

SamplingSite

Samples

pecies

238 U

234 U

235 U

232 Th

226 R

a228 R

a224 R

a210 Pb

210 Po

COD1A

Coalp

ower

plantG

EBo

ttom

ashin

winter2



COD2A

Coalp

ower

plantG

EBo

ttom

ashin



COD3A

Coalp

ower

plantG

EFlyashin



COD4A

Coalp

ower

plantV

adoLigure

Flyashin

sprin

g2000



COD5A

ILVA

steelplantG

ECon

verter

electrofilterd

ust477plusmn024477plusmn024021plusmn003


COD6A

ILVA

steelplantG

EBlastfurnace

dust



COD1

Refractory

sepr

Zircon

ium

sand


COD2

Refractory

sepr

Meltingfurnaced

ust327plusmn16323plusmn16132plusmn18270plusmn16929plusmn47179plusmn18463plusmn4917076plusmn70136953plusmn1818

COD4

Refractory

sepr

Prod

uct1


COD5

Refractory

sepr

Prod

uct2


COD6

Refractory

sepr

Prod

uct3


COD7

Refractory

sepr

Prod

uct4


COD8

Refractory

sepr

Grin

ding

wastedu

st1320plusmn571308plusmn56591plusmn42178plusmn111262plusmn54203plusmn11311plusmn26992plusmn411134plusmn58

COD9

Refractory

sepr

Depurationslu

dge1662plusmn761653plusmn75743plusmn52238plusmn141483plusmn63235plusmn14662plusmn521000plusmn411145plusmn61













25or PM

10and with







Samplecode


volume m3

















Samplecode

















25 Methods














3at



2SO4was


4and FeSO








2O2





119862Pbminus210 =119860Bi-210

[(1 minus 119890minus120582Bi-210119905) 120578119910119882] (1)













IAEA-315-1 244352 917 327 plusmn 14

IAEA-315-2 247696 962 327 plusmn 14

IAEA-315-3 245552 886 294 plusmn 13

IAEA-315-4 253752 900 288 plusmn 13

IAEA-315-5 255880 934 309 plusmn 13

IAEA-315-6 252952 917 296 plusmn 13







2O2OnemL








3at pH 9-10 After

















2O3


weighed





































0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


[210Po] = 9035 [Pb] + 1266R2 = 07696 n = 7 P lt 001

[210Pb] = 3332 [Pb] + 9410R2 = 08059 n = 7 P lt 00121

0 Poor

210 Pb

conc

entr

atio

ns in

the d

ust

part

icle

s (kB

q kgminus

1 )







0

50

100

150

200

250


Po-210Pb-210


R2 = 0855 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = minus0400 [D]2 + 171 [D] + 337R2 = 0882 n = 12 P lt 001

e

activ

ity c

once

ntra

tion

of 21

0 Po o

r 21

0 Pb in

soil(B

qkgminus

1 )

[210Pb] = minus0431[D]2 + 185 [D] + 342





25and PM

10were in the range








Table10Th

e210 Poand

210 Pbactiv

ityconcentrations

inatmosph


from

thearea

oftheILVA

Taranto(A

P1-12)

on11ndash

17Novem

ber2

008andfro

mCastelR

omano

Roma(

AP13)o

n19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Samplec

ode

Samplingsite

Aerodynamic

diam

eter120583

mPo

yield

210 Po120583Bq

mminus3

210 PokB

qkgminus1

Pbyield

210 Pb120583Bq

mminus3

210 PbkB

qkgminus1

210 Po

210 Pb

AP7

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

925

130plusmn6

679plusmn029

845

975plusmn41

509plusmn22

0133

AP8

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

969

214plusmn9

154plusmn07

852

1054plusmn45

758plusmn32

0203

AP9

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

902

835plusmn42

177plusmn09

910

362plusmn15

764plusmn33

0231

AP10

Cisi

le25

998

750plusmn37

128plusmn06

900

464plusmn20

791plusmn34

0162

AP11

Cisi

le25

966

659plusmn68

172plusmn18

903

444plusmn20

116plusmn5

0148

AP12

Cisi

le25

967

458plusmn27

911plusmn05

828

298plusmn13

592plusmn25

0154

AP1

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

912

128plusmn7

418plusmn022

948

1083plusmn46

353plusmn15

0118

AP2

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

962

226plusmn11

103plusmn05

914

1099plusmn46

499plusmn21

0206

AP3

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

1000

779plusmn38

793plusmn039

958

358plusmn15

365plusmn16

0217

AP4

Cisi

le10

930

815plusmn39

549plusmn026

914

484plusmn21

325plusmn14

0169

AP5

Cisi

le10

916

772plusmn75

360plusmn035

903

520plusmn23

242plusmn11

0149

AP6

Cisi

le10

1001

431plusmn20

363plusmn017

872

331plusmn14

279plusmn12

0130

Meanplusmn1SD

mdash954plusmn36

104plusmn60


623plusmn325


Range

mdash902ndash1001

431ndash

226

360ndash177

828ndash9

58

298ndash1099

242ndash116

0118

ndash0231

AP13

Caste

lRom

anoRo

ma

le10

967

485plusmn33

228plusmn015

842

399plusmn17

187plusmn08

0122














0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

210 Po

conc

entr

atio

nin

atm

osph

eric

part

icul

ate(120583

Bqmminus

3 )



R2 = 0793 n = 12 P lt 001


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35


210 Po

or21

0 Pbco

ncen

trat

ions

(120583Bq

mminus

3 )

[210Pb] = 289 [PM] + 230R2 = 0559 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = 357 [PM] + 569R2 = 0257 n = 12 P lt 001





25andPM




119864 = sum

119895

119860119895119877119879119862119895inh (2)





















Table12Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

ean

210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

theC

astelR

omanoRo

ma

on19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Age

classesy

Respira

tion

ratem

3dminus

1Ann

ualrespiratio

nvolumem

3yminus

1

210 Podo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1

286

1044

180119864minus05

485119864minus05

911119864minus07

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

750119864minus06

841119864minus06

1-2516

1883

140119864minus05

485119864minus05

128119864minus06

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

135119864minus05

148119864minus05

2ndash7

872

3183

860119864minus06

485119864minus05

133119864minus06

110119864minus05

399119864minus04

140119864minus05

153119864minus05

7ndash12

153

5585

590119864minus06

485119864minus05

160119864minus06

720119864minus06

399119864minus04

160119864minus05

176119864minus05

12ndash17

201

7337

510119864minus06

485119864minus05

181119864minus06

590119864minus06

399119864minus04

173119864minus05

191119864minus05

Adult(gt17)

222

8103

430119864minus06

485119864minus05

169119864minus06

560119864minus06

399119864minus04

181119864minus05

198119864minus05


Table13Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

reao

ftheILV

ATarantoon

11ndash17

Novem

ber2

008lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


207119864minus05

137119864minus05

249119864minus05


373119864minus05

239119864minus05

432119864minus05

2ndash7


385119864minus05

247119864minus05

447119864minus05

7ndash12


442119864minus05

285119864minus05

516119864minus05

12ndash17


476119864minus05

309119864minus05

560119864minus05


499119864minus05

319119864minus05

577119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12


Table14Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

thep

ublic

estim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

rea

oftheILV

ATarantoon

4ndash12

May

2009lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


204119864minus05

207119864minus05

310119864minus05


369119864minus05

352119864minus05

517119864minus05

2ndash7


381119864minus05

364119864minus05

535119864minus05

7ndash12


437119864minus05

422119864minus05

623119864minus05

12ndash17


471119864minus05

460119864minus05

682119864minus05


493119864minus05

470119864minus05

690119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12





4 Conclusion




Acknowledgments


References




















































Journal of

Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry



Journal of

Volume 2014














Journal of

Spectroscopy



Journal of


Quantum Chemistry






CatalystsJournal of













25or PM

10and with







Samplecode


volume m3

















Samplecode

















25 Methods














3at



2SO4was


4and FeSO








2O2





119862Pbminus210 =119860Bi-210

[(1 minus 119890minus120582Bi-210119905) 120578119910119882] (1)













IAEA-315-1 244352 917 327 plusmn 14

IAEA-315-2 247696 962 327 plusmn 14

IAEA-315-3 245552 886 294 plusmn 13

IAEA-315-4 253752 900 288 plusmn 13

IAEA-315-5 255880 934 309 plusmn 13

IAEA-315-6 252952 917 296 plusmn 13







2O2OnemL








3at pH 9-10 After

















2O3


weighed





































0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


[210Po] = 9035 [Pb] + 1266R2 = 07696 n = 7 P lt 001

[210Pb] = 3332 [Pb] + 9410R2 = 08059 n = 7 P lt 00121

0 Poor

210 Pb

conc

entr

atio

ns in

the d

ust

part

icle

s (kB

q kgminus

1 )







0

50

100

150

200

250


Po-210Pb-210


R2 = 0855 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = minus0400 [D]2 + 171 [D] + 337R2 = 0882 n = 12 P lt 001

e

activ

ity c

once

ntra

tion

of 21

0 Po o

r 21

0 Pb in

soil(B

qkgminus

1 )

[210Pb] = minus0431[D]2 + 185 [D] + 342





25and PM

10were in the range








Table10Th

e210 Poand

210 Pbactiv

ityconcentrations

inatmosph


from

thearea

oftheILVA

Taranto(A

P1-12)

on11ndash

17Novem

ber2

008andfro

mCastelR

omano

Roma(

AP13)o

n19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Samplec

ode

Samplingsite

Aerodynamic

diam

eter120583

mPo

yield

210 Po120583Bq

mminus3

210 PokB

qkgminus1

Pbyield

210 Pb120583Bq

mminus3

210 PbkB

qkgminus1

210 Po

210 Pb

AP7

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

925

130plusmn6

679plusmn029

845

975plusmn41

509plusmn22

0133

AP8

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

969

214plusmn9

154plusmn07

852

1054plusmn45

758plusmn32

0203

AP9

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

902

835plusmn42

177plusmn09

910

362plusmn15

764plusmn33

0231

AP10

Cisi

le25

998

750plusmn37

128plusmn06

900

464plusmn20

791plusmn34

0162

AP11

Cisi

le25

966

659plusmn68

172plusmn18

903

444plusmn20

116plusmn5

0148

AP12

Cisi

le25

967

458plusmn27

911plusmn05

828

298plusmn13

592plusmn25

0154

AP1

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

912

128plusmn7

418plusmn022

948

1083plusmn46

353plusmn15

0118

AP2

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

962

226plusmn11

103plusmn05

914

1099plusmn46

499plusmn21

0206

AP3

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

1000

779plusmn38

793plusmn039

958

358plusmn15

365plusmn16

0217

AP4

Cisi

le10

930

815plusmn39

549plusmn026

914

484plusmn21

325plusmn14

0169

AP5

Cisi

le10

916

772plusmn75

360plusmn035

903

520plusmn23

242plusmn11

0149

AP6

Cisi

le10

1001

431plusmn20

363plusmn017

872

331plusmn14

279plusmn12

0130

Meanplusmn1SD

mdash954plusmn36

104plusmn60


623plusmn325


Range

mdash902ndash1001

431ndash

226

360ndash177

828ndash9

58

298ndash1099

242ndash116

0118

ndash0231

AP13

Caste

lRom

anoRo

ma

le10

967

485plusmn33

228plusmn015

842

399plusmn17

187plusmn08

0122














0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

210 Po

conc

entr

atio

nin

atm

osph

eric

part

icul

ate(120583

Bqmminus

3 )



R2 = 0793 n = 12 P lt 001


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35


210 Po

or21

0 Pbco

ncen

trat

ions

(120583Bq

mminus

3 )

[210Pb] = 289 [PM] + 230R2 = 0559 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = 357 [PM] + 569R2 = 0257 n = 12 P lt 001





25andPM




119864 = sum

119895

119860119895119877119879119862119895inh (2)





















Table12Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

ean

210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

theC

astelR

omanoRo

ma

on19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Age

classesy

Respira

tion

ratem

3dminus

1Ann

ualrespiratio

nvolumem

3yminus

1

210 Podo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1

286

1044

180119864minus05

485119864minus05

911119864minus07

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

750119864minus06

841119864minus06

1-2516

1883

140119864minus05

485119864minus05

128119864minus06

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

135119864minus05

148119864minus05

2ndash7

872

3183

860119864minus06

485119864minus05

133119864minus06

110119864minus05

399119864minus04

140119864minus05

153119864minus05

7ndash12

153

5585

590119864minus06

485119864minus05

160119864minus06

720119864minus06

399119864minus04

160119864minus05

176119864minus05

12ndash17

201

7337

510119864minus06

485119864minus05

181119864minus06

590119864minus06

399119864minus04

173119864minus05

191119864minus05

Adult(gt17)

222

8103

430119864minus06

485119864minus05

169119864minus06

560119864minus06

399119864minus04

181119864minus05

198119864minus05


Table13Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

reao

ftheILV

ATarantoon

11ndash17

Novem

ber2

008lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


207119864minus05

137119864minus05

249119864minus05


373119864minus05

239119864minus05

432119864minus05

2ndash7


385119864minus05

247119864minus05

447119864minus05

7ndash12


442119864minus05

285119864minus05

516119864minus05

12ndash17


476119864minus05

309119864minus05

560119864minus05


499119864minus05

319119864minus05

577119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12


Table14Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

thep

ublic

estim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

rea

oftheILV

ATarantoon

4ndash12

May

2009lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


204119864minus05

207119864minus05

310119864minus05


369119864minus05

352119864minus05

517119864minus05

2ndash7


381119864minus05

364119864minus05

535119864minus05

7ndash12


437119864minus05

422119864minus05

623119864minus05

12ndash17


471119864minus05

460119864minus05

682119864minus05


493119864minus05

470119864minus05

690119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12





4 Conclusion




Acknowledgments


References




















































Journal of

Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry



Journal of

Volume 2014














Journal of

Spectroscopy



Journal of


Quantum Chemistry






CatalystsJournal of



Samplecode


volume m3

















Samplecode

















25 Methods














3at



2SO4was


4and FeSO








2O2





119862Pbminus210 =119860Bi-210

[(1 minus 119890minus120582Bi-210119905) 120578119910119882] (1)













IAEA-315-1 244352 917 327 plusmn 14

IAEA-315-2 247696 962 327 plusmn 14

IAEA-315-3 245552 886 294 plusmn 13

IAEA-315-4 253752 900 288 plusmn 13

IAEA-315-5 255880 934 309 plusmn 13

IAEA-315-6 252952 917 296 plusmn 13







2O2OnemL








3at pH 9-10 After

















2O3


weighed





































0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


[210Po] = 9035 [Pb] + 1266R2 = 07696 n = 7 P lt 001

[210Pb] = 3332 [Pb] + 9410R2 = 08059 n = 7 P lt 00121

0 Poor

210 Pb

conc

entr

atio

ns in

the d

ust

part

icle

s (kB

q kgminus

1 )







0

50

100

150

200

250


Po-210Pb-210


R2 = 0855 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = minus0400 [D]2 + 171 [D] + 337R2 = 0882 n = 12 P lt 001

e

activ

ity c

once

ntra

tion

of 21

0 Po o

r 21

0 Pb in

soil(B

qkgminus

1 )

[210Pb] = minus0431[D]2 + 185 [D] + 342





25and PM

10were in the range








Table10Th

e210 Poand

210 Pbactiv

ityconcentrations

inatmosph


from

thearea

oftheILVA

Taranto(A

P1-12)

on11ndash

17Novem

ber2

008andfro

mCastelR

omano

Roma(

AP13)o

n19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Samplec

ode

Samplingsite

Aerodynamic

diam

eter120583

mPo

yield

210 Po120583Bq

mminus3

210 PokB

qkgminus1

Pbyield

210 Pb120583Bq

mminus3

210 PbkB

qkgminus1

210 Po

210 Pb

AP7

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

925

130plusmn6

679plusmn029

845

975plusmn41

509plusmn22

0133

AP8

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

969

214plusmn9

154plusmn07

852

1054plusmn45

758plusmn32

0203

AP9

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

902

835plusmn42

177plusmn09

910

362plusmn15

764plusmn33

0231

AP10

Cisi

le25

998

750plusmn37

128plusmn06

900

464plusmn20

791plusmn34

0162

AP11

Cisi

le25

966

659plusmn68

172plusmn18

903

444plusmn20

116plusmn5

0148

AP12

Cisi

le25

967

458plusmn27

911plusmn05

828

298plusmn13

592plusmn25

0154

AP1

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

912

128plusmn7

418plusmn022

948

1083plusmn46

353plusmn15

0118

AP2

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

962

226plusmn11

103plusmn05

914

1099plusmn46

499plusmn21

0206

AP3

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

1000

779plusmn38

793plusmn039

958

358plusmn15

365plusmn16

0217

AP4

Cisi

le10

930

815plusmn39

549plusmn026

914

484plusmn21

325plusmn14

0169

AP5

Cisi

le10

916

772plusmn75

360plusmn035

903

520plusmn23

242plusmn11

0149

AP6

Cisi

le10

1001

431plusmn20

363plusmn017

872

331plusmn14

279plusmn12

0130

Meanplusmn1SD

mdash954plusmn36

104plusmn60


623plusmn325


Range

mdash902ndash1001

431ndash

226

360ndash177

828ndash9

58

298ndash1099

242ndash116

0118

ndash0231

AP13

Caste

lRom

anoRo

ma

le10

967

485plusmn33

228plusmn015

842

399plusmn17

187plusmn08

0122














0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

210 Po

conc

entr

atio

nin

atm

osph

eric

part

icul

ate(120583

Bqmminus

3 )



R2 = 0793 n = 12 P lt 001


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35


210 Po

or21

0 Pbco

ncen

trat

ions

(120583Bq

mminus

3 )

[210Pb] = 289 [PM] + 230R2 = 0559 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = 357 [PM] + 569R2 = 0257 n = 12 P lt 001





25andPM




119864 = sum

119895

119860119895119877119879119862119895inh (2)





















Table12Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

ean

210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

theC

astelR

omanoRo

ma

on19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Age

classesy

Respira

tion

ratem

3dminus

1Ann

ualrespiratio

nvolumem

3yminus

1

210 Podo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1

286

1044

180119864minus05

485119864minus05

911119864minus07

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

750119864minus06

841119864minus06

1-2516

1883

140119864minus05

485119864minus05

128119864minus06

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

135119864minus05

148119864minus05

2ndash7

872

3183

860119864minus06

485119864minus05

133119864minus06

110119864minus05

399119864minus04

140119864minus05

153119864minus05

7ndash12

153

5585

590119864minus06

485119864minus05

160119864minus06

720119864minus06

399119864minus04

160119864minus05

176119864minus05

12ndash17

201

7337

510119864minus06

485119864minus05

181119864minus06

590119864minus06

399119864minus04

173119864minus05

191119864minus05

Adult(gt17)

222

8103

430119864minus06

485119864minus05

169119864minus06

560119864minus06

399119864minus04

181119864minus05

198119864minus05


Table13Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

reao

ftheILV

ATarantoon

11ndash17

Novem

ber2

008lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


207119864minus05

137119864minus05

249119864minus05


373119864minus05

239119864minus05

432119864minus05

2ndash7


385119864minus05

247119864minus05

447119864minus05

7ndash12


442119864minus05

285119864minus05

516119864minus05

12ndash17


476119864minus05

309119864minus05

560119864minus05


499119864minus05

319119864minus05

577119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12


Table14Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

thep

ublic

estim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

rea

oftheILV

ATarantoon

4ndash12

May

2009lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


204119864minus05

207119864minus05

310119864minus05


369119864minus05

352119864minus05

517119864minus05

2ndash7


381119864minus05

364119864minus05

535119864minus05

7ndash12


437119864minus05

422119864minus05

623119864minus05

12ndash17


471119864minus05

460119864minus05

682119864minus05


493119864minus05

470119864minus05

690119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12





4 Conclusion




Acknowledgments


References




















































Journal of

Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry



Journal of

Volume 2014














Journal of

Spectroscopy



Journal of


Quantum Chemistry






CatalystsJournal of













3at



2SO4was


4and FeSO








2O2





119862Pbminus210 =119860Bi-210

[(1 minus 119890minus120582Bi-210119905) 120578119910119882] (1)













IAEA-315-1 244352 917 327 plusmn 14

IAEA-315-2 247696 962 327 plusmn 14

IAEA-315-3 245552 886 294 plusmn 13

IAEA-315-4 253752 900 288 plusmn 13

IAEA-315-5 255880 934 309 plusmn 13

IAEA-315-6 252952 917 296 plusmn 13







2O2OnemL








3at pH 9-10 After

















2O3


weighed





































0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


[210Po] = 9035 [Pb] + 1266R2 = 07696 n = 7 P lt 001

[210Pb] = 3332 [Pb] + 9410R2 = 08059 n = 7 P lt 00121

0 Poor

210 Pb

conc

entr

atio

ns in

the d

ust

part

icle

s (kB

q kgminus

1 )







0

50

100

150

200

250


Po-210Pb-210


R2 = 0855 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = minus0400 [D]2 + 171 [D] + 337R2 = 0882 n = 12 P lt 001

e

activ

ity c

once

ntra

tion

of 21

0 Po o

r 21

0 Pb in

soil(B

qkgminus

1 )

[210Pb] = minus0431[D]2 + 185 [D] + 342





25and PM

10were in the range








Table10Th

e210 Poand

210 Pbactiv

ityconcentrations

inatmosph


from

thearea

oftheILVA

Taranto(A

P1-12)

on11ndash

17Novem

ber2

008andfro

mCastelR

omano

Roma(

AP13)o

n19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Samplec

ode

Samplingsite

Aerodynamic

diam

eter120583

mPo

yield

210 Po120583Bq

mminus3

210 PokB

qkgminus1

Pbyield

210 Pb120583Bq

mminus3

210 PbkB

qkgminus1

210 Po

210 Pb

AP7

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

925

130plusmn6

679plusmn029

845

975plusmn41

509plusmn22

0133

AP8

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

969

214plusmn9

154plusmn07

852

1054plusmn45

758plusmn32

0203

AP9

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

902

835plusmn42

177plusmn09

910

362plusmn15

764plusmn33

0231

AP10

Cisi

le25

998

750plusmn37

128plusmn06

900

464plusmn20

791plusmn34

0162

AP11

Cisi

le25

966

659plusmn68

172plusmn18

903

444plusmn20

116plusmn5

0148

AP12

Cisi

le25

967

458plusmn27

911plusmn05

828

298plusmn13

592plusmn25

0154

AP1

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

912

128plusmn7

418plusmn022

948

1083plusmn46

353plusmn15

0118

AP2

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

962

226plusmn11

103plusmn05

914

1099plusmn46

499plusmn21

0206

AP3

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

1000

779plusmn38

793plusmn039

958

358plusmn15

365plusmn16

0217

AP4

Cisi

le10

930

815plusmn39

549plusmn026

914

484plusmn21

325plusmn14

0169

AP5

Cisi

le10

916

772plusmn75

360plusmn035

903

520plusmn23

242plusmn11

0149

AP6

Cisi

le10

1001

431plusmn20

363plusmn017

872

331plusmn14

279plusmn12

0130

Meanplusmn1SD

mdash954plusmn36

104plusmn60


623plusmn325


Range

mdash902ndash1001

431ndash

226

360ndash177

828ndash9

58

298ndash1099

242ndash116

0118

ndash0231

AP13

Caste

lRom

anoRo

ma

le10

967

485plusmn33

228plusmn015

842

399plusmn17

187plusmn08

0122














0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

210 Po

conc

entr

atio

nin

atm

osph

eric

part

icul

ate(120583

Bqmminus

3 )



R2 = 0793 n = 12 P lt 001


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35


210 Po

or21

0 Pbco

ncen

trat

ions

(120583Bq

mminus

3 )

[210Pb] = 289 [PM] + 230R2 = 0559 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = 357 [PM] + 569R2 = 0257 n = 12 P lt 001





25andPM




119864 = sum

119895

119860119895119877119879119862119895inh (2)





















Table12Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

ean

210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

theC

astelR

omanoRo

ma

on19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Age

classesy

Respira

tion

ratem

3dminus

1Ann

ualrespiratio

nvolumem

3yminus

1

210 Podo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1

286

1044

180119864minus05

485119864minus05

911119864minus07

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

750119864minus06

841119864minus06

1-2516

1883

140119864minus05

485119864minus05

128119864minus06

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

135119864minus05

148119864minus05

2ndash7

872

3183

860119864minus06

485119864minus05

133119864minus06

110119864minus05

399119864minus04

140119864minus05

153119864minus05

7ndash12

153

5585

590119864minus06

485119864minus05

160119864minus06

720119864minus06

399119864minus04

160119864minus05

176119864minus05

12ndash17

201

7337

510119864minus06

485119864minus05

181119864minus06

590119864minus06

399119864minus04

173119864minus05

191119864minus05

Adult(gt17)

222

8103

430119864minus06

485119864minus05

169119864minus06

560119864minus06

399119864minus04

181119864minus05

198119864minus05


Table13Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

reao

ftheILV

ATarantoon

11ndash17

Novem

ber2

008lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


207119864minus05

137119864minus05

249119864minus05


373119864minus05

239119864minus05

432119864minus05

2ndash7


385119864minus05

247119864minus05

447119864minus05

7ndash12


442119864minus05

285119864minus05

516119864minus05

12ndash17


476119864minus05

309119864minus05

560119864minus05


499119864minus05

319119864minus05

577119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12


Table14Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

thep

ublic

estim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

rea

oftheILV

ATarantoon

4ndash12

May

2009lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


204119864minus05

207119864minus05

310119864minus05


369119864minus05

352119864minus05

517119864minus05

2ndash7


381119864minus05

364119864minus05

535119864minus05

7ndash12


437119864minus05

422119864minus05

623119864minus05

12ndash17


471119864minus05

460119864minus05

682119864minus05


493119864minus05

470119864minus05

690119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12





4 Conclusion




Acknowledgments


References




















































Journal of

Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry



Journal of

Volume 2014














Journal of

Spectroscopy



Journal of


Quantum Chemistry






CatalystsJournal of











IAEA-315-1 244352 917 327 plusmn 14

IAEA-315-2 247696 962 327 plusmn 14

IAEA-315-3 245552 886 294 plusmn 13

IAEA-315-4 253752 900 288 plusmn 13

IAEA-315-5 255880 934 309 plusmn 13

IAEA-315-6 252952 917 296 plusmn 13







2O2OnemL








3at pH 9-10 After

















2O3


weighed





































0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


[210Po] = 9035 [Pb] + 1266R2 = 07696 n = 7 P lt 001

[210Pb] = 3332 [Pb] + 9410R2 = 08059 n = 7 P lt 00121

0 Poor

210 Pb

conc

entr

atio

ns in

the d

ust

part

icle

s (kB

q kgminus

1 )







0

50

100

150

200

250


Po-210Pb-210


R2 = 0855 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = minus0400 [D]2 + 171 [D] + 337R2 = 0882 n = 12 P lt 001

e

activ

ity c

once

ntra

tion

of 21

0 Po o

r 21

0 Pb in

soil(B

qkgminus

1 )

[210Pb] = minus0431[D]2 + 185 [D] + 342





25and PM

10were in the range








Table10Th

e210 Poand

210 Pbactiv

ityconcentrations

inatmosph


from

thearea

oftheILVA

Taranto(A

P1-12)

on11ndash

17Novem

ber2

008andfro

mCastelR

omano

Roma(

AP13)o

n19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Samplec

ode

Samplingsite

Aerodynamic

diam

eter120583

mPo

yield

210 Po120583Bq

mminus3

210 PokB

qkgminus1

Pbyield

210 Pb120583Bq

mminus3

210 PbkB

qkgminus1

210 Po

210 Pb

AP7

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

925

130plusmn6

679plusmn029

845

975plusmn41

509plusmn22

0133

AP8

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

969

214plusmn9

154plusmn07

852

1054plusmn45

758plusmn32

0203

AP9

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

902

835plusmn42

177plusmn09

910

362plusmn15

764plusmn33

0231

AP10

Cisi

le25

998

750plusmn37

128plusmn06

900

464plusmn20

791plusmn34

0162

AP11

Cisi

le25

966

659plusmn68

172plusmn18

903

444plusmn20

116plusmn5

0148

AP12

Cisi

le25

967

458plusmn27

911plusmn05

828

298plusmn13

592plusmn25

0154

AP1

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

912

128plusmn7

418plusmn022

948

1083plusmn46

353plusmn15

0118

AP2

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

962

226plusmn11

103plusmn05

914

1099plusmn46

499plusmn21

0206

AP3

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

1000

779plusmn38

793plusmn039

958

358plusmn15

365plusmn16

0217

AP4

Cisi

le10

930

815plusmn39

549plusmn026

914

484plusmn21

325plusmn14

0169

AP5

Cisi

le10

916

772plusmn75

360plusmn035

903

520plusmn23

242plusmn11

0149

AP6

Cisi

le10

1001

431plusmn20

363plusmn017

872

331plusmn14

279plusmn12

0130

Meanplusmn1SD

mdash954plusmn36

104plusmn60


623plusmn325


Range

mdash902ndash1001

431ndash

226

360ndash177

828ndash9

58

298ndash1099

242ndash116

0118

ndash0231

AP13

Caste

lRom

anoRo

ma

le10

967

485plusmn33

228plusmn015

842

399plusmn17

187plusmn08

0122














0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

210 Po

conc

entr

atio

nin

atm

osph

eric

part

icul

ate(120583

Bqmminus

3 )



R2 = 0793 n = 12 P lt 001


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35


210 Po

or21

0 Pbco

ncen

trat

ions

(120583Bq

mminus

3 )

[210Pb] = 289 [PM] + 230R2 = 0559 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = 357 [PM] + 569R2 = 0257 n = 12 P lt 001





25andPM




119864 = sum

119895

119860119895119877119879119862119895inh (2)





















Table12Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

ean

210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

theC

astelR

omanoRo

ma

on19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Age

classesy

Respira

tion

ratem

3dminus

1Ann

ualrespiratio

nvolumem

3yminus

1

210 Podo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1

286

1044

180119864minus05

485119864minus05

911119864minus07

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

750119864minus06

841119864minus06

1-2516

1883

140119864minus05

485119864minus05

128119864minus06

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

135119864minus05

148119864minus05

2ndash7

872

3183

860119864minus06

485119864minus05

133119864minus06

110119864minus05

399119864minus04

140119864minus05

153119864minus05

7ndash12

153

5585

590119864minus06

485119864minus05

160119864minus06

720119864minus06

399119864minus04

160119864minus05

176119864minus05

12ndash17

201

7337

510119864minus06

485119864minus05

181119864minus06

590119864minus06

399119864minus04

173119864minus05

191119864minus05

Adult(gt17)

222

8103

430119864minus06

485119864minus05

169119864minus06

560119864minus06

399119864minus04

181119864minus05

198119864minus05


Table13Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

reao

ftheILV

ATarantoon

11ndash17

Novem

ber2

008lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


207119864minus05

137119864minus05

249119864minus05


373119864minus05

239119864minus05

432119864minus05

2ndash7


385119864minus05

247119864minus05

447119864minus05

7ndash12


442119864minus05

285119864minus05

516119864minus05

12ndash17


476119864minus05

309119864minus05

560119864minus05


499119864minus05

319119864minus05

577119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12


Table14Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

thep

ublic

estim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

rea

oftheILV

ATarantoon

4ndash12

May

2009lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


204119864minus05

207119864minus05

310119864minus05


369119864minus05

352119864minus05

517119864minus05

2ndash7


381119864minus05

364119864minus05

535119864minus05

7ndash12


437119864minus05

422119864minus05

623119864minus05

12ndash17


471119864minus05

460119864minus05

682119864minus05


493119864minus05

470119864minus05

690119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12





4 Conclusion




Acknowledgments


References




















































Journal of

Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry



Journal of

Volume 2014














Journal of

Spectroscopy



Journal of


Quantum Chemistry






CatalystsJournal of















2O3


weighed





































0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


[210Po] = 9035 [Pb] + 1266R2 = 07696 n = 7 P lt 001

[210Pb] = 3332 [Pb] + 9410R2 = 08059 n = 7 P lt 00121

0 Poor

210 Pb

conc

entr

atio

ns in

the d

ust

part

icle

s (kB

q kgminus

1 )







0

50

100

150

200

250


Po-210Pb-210


R2 = 0855 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = minus0400 [D]2 + 171 [D] + 337R2 = 0882 n = 12 P lt 001

e

activ

ity c

once

ntra

tion

of 21

0 Po o

r 21

0 Pb in

soil(B

qkgminus

1 )

[210Pb] = minus0431[D]2 + 185 [D] + 342





25and PM

10were in the range








Table10Th

e210 Poand

210 Pbactiv

ityconcentrations

inatmosph


from

thearea

oftheILVA

Taranto(A

P1-12)

on11ndash

17Novem

ber2

008andfro

mCastelR

omano

Roma(

AP13)o

n19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Samplec

ode

Samplingsite

Aerodynamic

diam

eter120583

mPo

yield

210 Po120583Bq

mminus3

210 PokB

qkgminus1

Pbyield

210 Pb120583Bq

mminus3

210 PbkB

qkgminus1

210 Po

210 Pb

AP7

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

925

130plusmn6

679plusmn029

845

975plusmn41

509plusmn22

0133

AP8

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

969

214plusmn9

154plusmn07

852

1054plusmn45

758plusmn32

0203

AP9

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

902

835plusmn42

177plusmn09

910

362plusmn15

764plusmn33

0231

AP10

Cisi

le25

998

750plusmn37

128plusmn06

900

464plusmn20

791plusmn34

0162

AP11

Cisi

le25

966

659plusmn68

172plusmn18

903

444plusmn20

116plusmn5

0148

AP12

Cisi

le25

967

458plusmn27

911plusmn05

828

298plusmn13

592plusmn25

0154

AP1

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

912

128plusmn7

418plusmn022

948

1083plusmn46

353plusmn15

0118

AP2

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

962

226plusmn11

103plusmn05

914

1099plusmn46

499plusmn21

0206

AP3

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

1000

779plusmn38

793plusmn039

958

358plusmn15

365plusmn16

0217

AP4

Cisi

le10

930

815plusmn39

549plusmn026

914

484plusmn21

325plusmn14

0169

AP5

Cisi

le10

916

772plusmn75

360plusmn035

903

520plusmn23

242plusmn11

0149

AP6

Cisi

le10

1001

431plusmn20

363plusmn017

872

331plusmn14

279plusmn12

0130

Meanplusmn1SD

mdash954plusmn36

104plusmn60


623plusmn325


Range

mdash902ndash1001

431ndash

226

360ndash177

828ndash9

58

298ndash1099

242ndash116

0118

ndash0231

AP13

Caste

lRom

anoRo

ma

le10

967

485plusmn33

228plusmn015

842

399plusmn17

187plusmn08

0122














0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

210 Po

conc

entr

atio

nin

atm

osph

eric

part

icul

ate(120583

Bqmminus

3 )



R2 = 0793 n = 12 P lt 001


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35


210 Po

or21

0 Pbco

ncen

trat

ions

(120583Bq

mminus

3 )

[210Pb] = 289 [PM] + 230R2 = 0559 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = 357 [PM] + 569R2 = 0257 n = 12 P lt 001





25andPM




119864 = sum

119895

119860119895119877119879119862119895inh (2)





















Table12Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

ean

210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

theC

astelR

omanoRo

ma

on19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Age

classesy

Respira

tion

ratem

3dminus

1Ann

ualrespiratio

nvolumem

3yminus

1

210 Podo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1

286

1044

180119864minus05

485119864minus05

911119864minus07

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

750119864minus06

841119864minus06

1-2516

1883

140119864minus05

485119864minus05

128119864minus06

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

135119864minus05

148119864minus05

2ndash7

872

3183

860119864minus06

485119864minus05

133119864minus06

110119864minus05

399119864minus04

140119864minus05

153119864minus05

7ndash12

153

5585

590119864minus06

485119864minus05

160119864minus06

720119864minus06

399119864minus04

160119864minus05

176119864minus05

12ndash17

201

7337

510119864minus06

485119864minus05

181119864minus06

590119864minus06

399119864minus04

173119864minus05

191119864minus05

Adult(gt17)

222

8103

430119864minus06

485119864minus05

169119864minus06

560119864minus06

399119864minus04

181119864minus05

198119864minus05


Table13Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

reao

ftheILV

ATarantoon

11ndash17

Novem

ber2

008lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


207119864minus05

137119864minus05

249119864minus05


373119864minus05

239119864minus05

432119864minus05

2ndash7


385119864minus05

247119864minus05

447119864minus05

7ndash12


442119864minus05

285119864minus05

516119864minus05

12ndash17


476119864minus05

309119864minus05

560119864minus05


499119864minus05

319119864minus05

577119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12


Table14Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

thep

ublic

estim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

rea

oftheILV

ATarantoon

4ndash12

May

2009lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


204119864minus05

207119864minus05

310119864minus05


369119864minus05

352119864minus05

517119864minus05

2ndash7


381119864minus05

364119864minus05

535119864minus05

7ndash12


437119864minus05

422119864minus05

623119864minus05

12ndash17


471119864minus05

460119864minus05

682119864minus05


493119864minus05

470119864minus05

690119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12





4 Conclusion




Acknowledgments


References




















































Journal of

Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry



Journal of

Volume 2014














Journal of

Spectroscopy



Journal of


Quantum Chemistry






CatalystsJournal of





























0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


[210Po] = 9035 [Pb] + 1266R2 = 07696 n = 7 P lt 001

[210Pb] = 3332 [Pb] + 9410R2 = 08059 n = 7 P lt 00121

0 Poor

210 Pb

conc

entr

atio

ns in

the d

ust

part

icle

s (kB

q kgminus

1 )







0

50

100

150

200

250


Po-210Pb-210


R2 = 0855 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = minus0400 [D]2 + 171 [D] + 337R2 = 0882 n = 12 P lt 001

e

activ

ity c

once

ntra

tion

of 21

0 Po o

r 21

0 Pb in

soil(B

qkgminus

1 )

[210Pb] = minus0431[D]2 + 185 [D] + 342





25and PM

10were in the range








Table10Th

e210 Poand

210 Pbactiv

ityconcentrations

inatmosph


from

thearea

oftheILVA

Taranto(A

P1-12)

on11ndash

17Novem

ber2

008andfro

mCastelR

omano

Roma(

AP13)o

n19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Samplec

ode

Samplingsite

Aerodynamic

diam

eter120583

mPo

yield

210 Po120583Bq

mminus3

210 PokB

qkgminus1

Pbyield

210 Pb120583Bq

mminus3

210 PbkB

qkgminus1

210 Po

210 Pb

AP7

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

925

130plusmn6

679plusmn029

845

975plusmn41

509plusmn22

0133

AP8

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

969

214plusmn9

154plusmn07

852

1054plusmn45

758plusmn32

0203

AP9

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

902

835plusmn42

177plusmn09

910

362plusmn15

764plusmn33

0231

AP10

Cisi

le25

998

750plusmn37

128plusmn06

900

464plusmn20

791plusmn34

0162

AP11

Cisi

le25

966

659plusmn68

172plusmn18

903

444plusmn20

116plusmn5

0148

AP12

Cisi

le25

967

458plusmn27

911plusmn05

828

298plusmn13

592plusmn25

0154

AP1

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

912

128plusmn7

418plusmn022

948

1083plusmn46

353plusmn15

0118

AP2

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

962

226plusmn11

103plusmn05

914

1099plusmn46

499plusmn21

0206

AP3

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

1000

779plusmn38

793plusmn039

958

358plusmn15

365plusmn16

0217

AP4

Cisi

le10

930

815plusmn39

549plusmn026

914

484plusmn21

325plusmn14

0169

AP5

Cisi

le10

916

772plusmn75

360plusmn035

903

520plusmn23

242plusmn11

0149

AP6

Cisi

le10

1001

431plusmn20

363plusmn017

872

331plusmn14

279plusmn12

0130

Meanplusmn1SD

mdash954plusmn36

104plusmn60


623plusmn325


Range

mdash902ndash1001

431ndash

226

360ndash177

828ndash9

58

298ndash1099

242ndash116

0118

ndash0231

AP13

Caste

lRom

anoRo

ma

le10

967

485plusmn33

228plusmn015

842

399plusmn17

187plusmn08

0122














0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

210 Po

conc

entr

atio

nin

atm

osph

eric

part

icul

ate(120583

Bqmminus

3 )



R2 = 0793 n = 12 P lt 001


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35


210 Po

or21

0 Pbco

ncen

trat

ions

(120583Bq

mminus

3 )

[210Pb] = 289 [PM] + 230R2 = 0559 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = 357 [PM] + 569R2 = 0257 n = 12 P lt 001





25andPM




119864 = sum

119895

119860119895119877119879119862119895inh (2)





















Table12Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

ean

210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

theC

astelR

omanoRo

ma

on19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Age

classesy

Respira

tion

ratem

3dminus

1Ann

ualrespiratio

nvolumem

3yminus

1

210 Podo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1

286

1044

180119864minus05

485119864minus05

911119864minus07

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

750119864minus06

841119864minus06

1-2516

1883

140119864minus05

485119864minus05

128119864minus06

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

135119864minus05

148119864minus05

2ndash7

872

3183

860119864minus06

485119864minus05

133119864minus06

110119864minus05

399119864minus04

140119864minus05

153119864minus05

7ndash12

153

5585

590119864minus06

485119864minus05

160119864minus06

720119864minus06

399119864minus04

160119864minus05

176119864minus05

12ndash17

201

7337

510119864minus06

485119864minus05

181119864minus06

590119864minus06

399119864minus04

173119864minus05

191119864minus05

Adult(gt17)

222

8103

430119864minus06

485119864minus05

169119864minus06

560119864minus06

399119864minus04

181119864minus05

198119864minus05


Table13Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

reao

ftheILV

ATarantoon

11ndash17

Novem

ber2

008lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


207119864minus05

137119864minus05

249119864minus05


373119864minus05

239119864minus05

432119864minus05

2ndash7


385119864minus05

247119864minus05

447119864minus05

7ndash12


442119864minus05

285119864minus05

516119864minus05

12ndash17


476119864minus05

309119864minus05

560119864minus05


499119864minus05

319119864minus05

577119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12


Table14Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

thep

ublic

estim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

rea

oftheILV

ATarantoon

4ndash12

May

2009lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


204119864minus05

207119864minus05

310119864minus05


369119864minus05

352119864minus05

517119864minus05

2ndash7


381119864minus05

364119864minus05

535119864minus05

7ndash12


437119864minus05

422119864minus05

623119864minus05

12ndash17


471119864minus05

460119864minus05

682119864minus05


493119864minus05

470119864minus05

690119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12





4 Conclusion




Acknowledgments


References




















































Journal of

Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry



Journal of

Volume 2014














Journal of

Spectroscopy



Journal of


Quantum Chemistry






CatalystsJournal of










0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


[210Po] = 9035 [Pb] + 1266R2 = 07696 n = 7 P lt 001

[210Pb] = 3332 [Pb] + 9410R2 = 08059 n = 7 P lt 00121

0 Poor

210 Pb

conc

entr

atio

ns in

the d

ust

part

icle

s (kB

q kgminus

1 )







0

50

100

150

200

250


Po-210Pb-210


R2 = 0855 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = minus0400 [D]2 + 171 [D] + 337R2 = 0882 n = 12 P lt 001

e

activ

ity c

once

ntra

tion

of 21

0 Po o

r 21

0 Pb in

soil(B

qkgminus

1 )

[210Pb] = minus0431[D]2 + 185 [D] + 342





25and PM

10were in the range








Table10Th

e210 Poand

210 Pbactiv

ityconcentrations

inatmosph


from

thearea

oftheILVA

Taranto(A

P1-12)

on11ndash

17Novem

ber2

008andfro

mCastelR

omano

Roma(

AP13)o

n19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Samplec

ode

Samplingsite

Aerodynamic

diam

eter120583

mPo

yield

210 Po120583Bq

mminus3

210 PokB

qkgminus1

Pbyield

210 Pb120583Bq

mminus3

210 PbkB

qkgminus1

210 Po

210 Pb

AP7

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

925

130plusmn6

679plusmn029

845

975plusmn41

509plusmn22

0133

AP8

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

969

214plusmn9

154plusmn07

852

1054plusmn45

758plusmn32

0203

AP9

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

902

835plusmn42

177plusmn09

910

362plusmn15

764plusmn33

0231

AP10

Cisi

le25

998

750plusmn37

128plusmn06

900

464plusmn20

791plusmn34

0162

AP11

Cisi

le25

966

659plusmn68

172plusmn18

903

444plusmn20

116plusmn5

0148

AP12

Cisi

le25

967

458plusmn27

911plusmn05

828

298plusmn13

592plusmn25

0154

AP1

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

912

128plusmn7

418plusmn022

948

1083plusmn46

353plusmn15

0118

AP2

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

962

226plusmn11

103plusmn05

914

1099plusmn46

499plusmn21

0206

AP3

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

1000

779plusmn38

793plusmn039

958

358plusmn15

365plusmn16

0217

AP4

Cisi

le10

930

815plusmn39

549plusmn026

914

484plusmn21

325plusmn14

0169

AP5

Cisi

le10

916

772plusmn75

360plusmn035

903

520plusmn23

242plusmn11

0149

AP6

Cisi

le10

1001

431plusmn20

363plusmn017

872

331plusmn14

279plusmn12

0130

Meanplusmn1SD

mdash954plusmn36

104plusmn60


623plusmn325


Range

mdash902ndash1001

431ndash

226

360ndash177

828ndash9

58

298ndash1099

242ndash116

0118

ndash0231

AP13

Caste

lRom

anoRo

ma

le10

967

485plusmn33

228plusmn015

842

399plusmn17

187plusmn08

0122














0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

210 Po

conc

entr

atio

nin

atm

osph

eric

part

icul

ate(120583

Bqmminus

3 )



R2 = 0793 n = 12 P lt 001


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35


210 Po

or21

0 Pbco

ncen

trat

ions

(120583Bq

mminus

3 )

[210Pb] = 289 [PM] + 230R2 = 0559 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = 357 [PM] + 569R2 = 0257 n = 12 P lt 001





25andPM




119864 = sum

119895

119860119895119877119879119862119895inh (2)





















Table12Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

ean

210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

theC

astelR

omanoRo

ma

on19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Age

classesy

Respira

tion

ratem

3dminus

1Ann

ualrespiratio

nvolumem

3yminus

1

210 Podo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1

286

1044

180119864minus05

485119864minus05

911119864minus07

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

750119864minus06

841119864minus06

1-2516

1883

140119864minus05

485119864minus05

128119864minus06

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

135119864minus05

148119864minus05

2ndash7

872

3183

860119864minus06

485119864minus05

133119864minus06

110119864minus05

399119864minus04

140119864minus05

153119864minus05

7ndash12

153

5585

590119864minus06

485119864minus05

160119864minus06

720119864minus06

399119864minus04

160119864minus05

176119864minus05

12ndash17

201

7337

510119864minus06

485119864minus05

181119864minus06

590119864minus06

399119864minus04

173119864minus05

191119864minus05

Adult(gt17)

222

8103

430119864minus06

485119864minus05

169119864minus06

560119864minus06

399119864minus04

181119864minus05

198119864minus05


Table13Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

reao

ftheILV

ATarantoon

11ndash17

Novem

ber2

008lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


207119864minus05

137119864minus05

249119864minus05


373119864minus05

239119864minus05

432119864minus05

2ndash7


385119864minus05

247119864minus05

447119864minus05

7ndash12


442119864minus05

285119864minus05

516119864minus05

12ndash17


476119864minus05

309119864minus05

560119864minus05


499119864minus05

319119864minus05

577119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12


Table14Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

thep

ublic

estim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

rea

oftheILV

ATarantoon

4ndash12

May

2009lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


204119864minus05

207119864minus05

310119864minus05


369119864minus05

352119864minus05

517119864minus05

2ndash7


381119864minus05

364119864minus05

535119864minus05

7ndash12


437119864minus05

422119864minus05

623119864minus05

12ndash17


471119864minus05

460119864minus05

682119864minus05


493119864minus05

470119864minus05

690119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12





4 Conclusion




Acknowledgments


References




















































Journal of

Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry



Journal of

Volume 2014














Journal of

Spectroscopy



Journal of


Quantum Chemistry






CatalystsJournal of





0

50

100

150

200

250


Po-210Pb-210


R2 = 0855 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = minus0400 [D]2 + 171 [D] + 337R2 = 0882 n = 12 P lt 001

e

activ

ity c

once

ntra

tion

of 21

0 Po o

r 21

0 Pb in

soil(B

qkgminus

1 )

[210Pb] = minus0431[D]2 + 185 [D] + 342





25and PM

10were in the range








Table10Th

e210 Poand

210 Pbactiv

ityconcentrations

inatmosph


from

thearea

oftheILVA

Taranto(A

P1-12)

on11ndash

17Novem

ber2

008andfro

mCastelR

omano

Roma(

AP13)o

n19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Samplec

ode

Samplingsite

Aerodynamic

diam

eter120583

mPo

yield

210 Po120583Bq

mminus3

210 PokB

qkgminus1

Pbyield

210 Pb120583Bq

mminus3

210 PbkB

qkgminus1

210 Po

210 Pb

AP7

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

925

130plusmn6

679plusmn029

845

975plusmn41

509plusmn22

0133

AP8

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

969

214plusmn9

154plusmn07

852

1054plusmn45

758plusmn32

0203

AP9

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

902

835plusmn42

177plusmn09

910

362plusmn15

764plusmn33

0231

AP10

Cisi

le25

998

750plusmn37

128plusmn06

900

464plusmn20

791plusmn34

0162

AP11

Cisi

le25

966

659plusmn68

172plusmn18

903

444plusmn20

116plusmn5

0148

AP12

Cisi

le25

967

458plusmn27

911plusmn05

828

298plusmn13

592plusmn25

0154

AP1

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

912

128plusmn7

418plusmn022

948

1083plusmn46

353plusmn15

0118

AP2

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

962

226plusmn11

103plusmn05

914

1099plusmn46

499plusmn21

0206

AP3

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

1000

779plusmn38

793plusmn039

958

358plusmn15

365plusmn16

0217

AP4

Cisi

le10

930

815plusmn39

549plusmn026

914

484plusmn21

325plusmn14

0169

AP5

Cisi

le10

916

772plusmn75

360plusmn035

903

520plusmn23

242plusmn11

0149

AP6

Cisi

le10

1001

431plusmn20

363plusmn017

872

331plusmn14

279plusmn12

0130

Meanplusmn1SD

mdash954plusmn36

104plusmn60


623plusmn325


Range

mdash902ndash1001

431ndash

226

360ndash177

828ndash9

58

298ndash1099

242ndash116

0118

ndash0231

AP13

Caste

lRom

anoRo

ma

le10

967

485plusmn33

228plusmn015

842

399plusmn17

187plusmn08

0122














0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

210 Po

conc

entr

atio

nin

atm

osph

eric

part

icul

ate(120583

Bqmminus

3 )



R2 = 0793 n = 12 P lt 001


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35


210 Po

or21

0 Pbco

ncen

trat

ions

(120583Bq

mminus

3 )

[210Pb] = 289 [PM] + 230R2 = 0559 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = 357 [PM] + 569R2 = 0257 n = 12 P lt 001





25andPM




119864 = sum

119895

119860119895119877119879119862119895inh (2)





















Table12Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

ean

210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

theC

astelR

omanoRo

ma

on19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Age

classesy

Respira

tion

ratem

3dminus

1Ann

ualrespiratio

nvolumem

3yminus

1

210 Podo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1

286

1044

180119864minus05

485119864minus05

911119864minus07

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

750119864minus06

841119864minus06

1-2516

1883

140119864minus05

485119864minus05

128119864minus06

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

135119864minus05

148119864minus05

2ndash7

872

3183

860119864minus06

485119864minus05

133119864minus06

110119864minus05

399119864minus04

140119864minus05

153119864minus05

7ndash12

153

5585

590119864minus06

485119864minus05

160119864minus06

720119864minus06

399119864minus04

160119864minus05

176119864minus05

12ndash17

201

7337

510119864minus06

485119864minus05

181119864minus06

590119864minus06

399119864minus04

173119864minus05

191119864minus05

Adult(gt17)

222

8103

430119864minus06

485119864minus05

169119864minus06

560119864minus06

399119864minus04

181119864minus05

198119864minus05


Table13Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

reao

ftheILV

ATarantoon

11ndash17

Novem

ber2

008lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


207119864minus05

137119864minus05

249119864minus05


373119864minus05

239119864minus05

432119864minus05

2ndash7


385119864minus05

247119864minus05

447119864minus05

7ndash12


442119864minus05

285119864minus05

516119864minus05

12ndash17


476119864minus05

309119864minus05

560119864minus05


499119864minus05

319119864minus05

577119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12


Table14Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

thep

ublic

estim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

rea

oftheILV

ATarantoon

4ndash12

May

2009lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


204119864minus05

207119864minus05

310119864minus05


369119864minus05

352119864minus05

517119864minus05

2ndash7


381119864minus05

364119864minus05

535119864minus05

7ndash12


437119864minus05

422119864minus05

623119864minus05

12ndash17


471119864minus05

460119864minus05

682119864minus05


493119864minus05

470119864minus05

690119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12





4 Conclusion




Acknowledgments


References




















































Journal of

Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry



Journal of

Volume 2014














Journal of

Spectroscopy



Journal of


Quantum Chemistry






CatalystsJournal of


Table10Th

e210 Poand

210 Pbactiv

ityconcentrations

inatmosph


from

thearea

oftheILVA

Taranto(A

P1-12)

on11ndash

17Novem

ber2

008andfro

mCastelR

omano

Roma(

AP13)o

n19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Samplec

ode

Samplingsite

Aerodynamic

diam

eter120583

mPo

yield

210 Po120583Bq

mminus3

210 PokB

qkgminus1

Pbyield

210 Pb120583Bq

mminus3

210 PbkB

qkgminus1

210 Po

210 Pb

AP7

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

925

130plusmn6

679plusmn029

845

975plusmn41

509plusmn22

0133

AP8

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

969

214plusmn9

154plusmn07

852

1054plusmn45

758plusmn32

0203

AP9

ViaM

achiavelli

le25

902

835plusmn42

177plusmn09

910

362plusmn15

764plusmn33

0231

AP10

Cisi

le25

998

750plusmn37

128plusmn06

900

464plusmn20

791plusmn34

0162

AP11

Cisi

le25

966

659plusmn68

172plusmn18

903

444plusmn20

116plusmn5

0148

AP12

Cisi

le25

967

458plusmn27

911plusmn05

828

298plusmn13

592plusmn25

0154

AP1

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

912

128plusmn7

418plusmn022

948

1083plusmn46

353plusmn15

0118

AP2

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

962

226plusmn11

103plusmn05

914

1099plusmn46

499plusmn21

0206

AP3

ViaM

achiavelli

le10

1000

779plusmn38

793plusmn039

958

358plusmn15

365plusmn16

0217

AP4

Cisi

le10

930

815plusmn39

549plusmn026

914

484plusmn21

325plusmn14

0169

AP5

Cisi

le10

916

772plusmn75

360plusmn035

903

520plusmn23

242plusmn11

0149

AP6

Cisi

le10

1001

431plusmn20

363plusmn017

872

331plusmn14

279plusmn12

0130

Meanplusmn1SD

mdash954plusmn36

104plusmn60


623plusmn325


Range

mdash902ndash1001

431ndash

226

360ndash177

828ndash9

58

298ndash1099

242ndash116

0118

ndash0231

AP13

Caste

lRom

anoRo

ma

le10

967

485plusmn33

228plusmn015

842

399plusmn17

187plusmn08

0122














0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

210 Po

conc

entr

atio

nin

atm

osph

eric

part

icul

ate(120583

Bqmminus

3 )



R2 = 0793 n = 12 P lt 001


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35


210 Po

or21

0 Pbco

ncen

trat

ions

(120583Bq

mminus

3 )

[210Pb] = 289 [PM] + 230R2 = 0559 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = 357 [PM] + 569R2 = 0257 n = 12 P lt 001





25andPM




119864 = sum

119895

119860119895119877119879119862119895inh (2)





















Table12Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

ean

210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

theC

astelR

omanoRo

ma

on19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Age

classesy

Respira

tion

ratem

3dminus

1Ann

ualrespiratio

nvolumem

3yminus

1

210 Podo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1

286

1044

180119864minus05

485119864minus05

911119864minus07

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

750119864minus06

841119864minus06

1-2516

1883

140119864minus05

485119864minus05

128119864minus06

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

135119864minus05

148119864minus05

2ndash7

872

3183

860119864minus06

485119864minus05

133119864minus06

110119864minus05

399119864minus04

140119864minus05

153119864minus05

7ndash12

153

5585

590119864minus06

485119864minus05

160119864minus06

720119864minus06

399119864minus04

160119864minus05

176119864minus05

12ndash17

201

7337

510119864minus06

485119864minus05

181119864minus06

590119864minus06

399119864minus04

173119864minus05

191119864minus05

Adult(gt17)

222

8103

430119864minus06

485119864minus05

169119864minus06

560119864minus06

399119864minus04

181119864minus05

198119864minus05


Table13Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

reao

ftheILV

ATarantoon

11ndash17

Novem

ber2

008lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


207119864minus05

137119864minus05

249119864minus05


373119864minus05

239119864minus05

432119864minus05

2ndash7


385119864minus05

247119864minus05

447119864minus05

7ndash12


442119864minus05

285119864minus05

516119864minus05

12ndash17


476119864minus05

309119864minus05

560119864minus05


499119864minus05

319119864minus05

577119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12


Table14Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

thep

ublic

estim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

rea

oftheILV

ATarantoon

4ndash12

May

2009lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


204119864minus05

207119864minus05

310119864minus05


369119864minus05

352119864minus05

517119864minus05

2ndash7


381119864minus05

364119864minus05

535119864minus05

7ndash12


437119864minus05

422119864minus05

623119864minus05

12ndash17


471119864minus05

460119864minus05

682119864minus05


493119864minus05

470119864minus05

690119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12





4 Conclusion




Acknowledgments


References




















































Journal of

Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry



Journal of

Volume 2014














Journal of

Spectroscopy



Journal of


Quantum Chemistry






CatalystsJournal of














0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

210 Po

conc

entr

atio

nin

atm

osph

eric

part

icul

ate(120583

Bqmminus

3 )



R2 = 0793 n = 12 P lt 001


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35


210 Po

or21

0 Pbco

ncen

trat

ions

(120583Bq

mminus

3 )

[210Pb] = 289 [PM] + 230R2 = 0559 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = 357 [PM] + 569R2 = 0257 n = 12 P lt 001





25andPM




119864 = sum

119895

119860119895119877119879119862119895inh (2)





















Table12Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

ean

210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

theC

astelR

omanoRo

ma

on19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Age

classesy

Respira

tion

ratem

3dminus

1Ann

ualrespiratio

nvolumem

3yminus

1

210 Podo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1

286

1044

180119864minus05

485119864minus05

911119864minus07

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

750119864minus06

841119864minus06

1-2516

1883

140119864minus05

485119864minus05

128119864minus06

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

135119864minus05

148119864minus05

2ndash7

872

3183

860119864minus06

485119864minus05

133119864minus06

110119864minus05

399119864minus04

140119864minus05

153119864minus05

7ndash12

153

5585

590119864minus06

485119864minus05

160119864minus06

720119864minus06

399119864minus04

160119864minus05

176119864minus05

12ndash17

201

7337

510119864minus06

485119864minus05

181119864minus06

590119864minus06

399119864minus04

173119864minus05

191119864minus05

Adult(gt17)

222

8103

430119864minus06

485119864minus05

169119864minus06

560119864minus06

399119864minus04

181119864minus05

198119864minus05


Table13Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

reao

ftheILV

ATarantoon

11ndash17

Novem

ber2

008lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


207119864minus05

137119864minus05

249119864minus05


373119864minus05

239119864minus05

432119864minus05

2ndash7


385119864minus05

247119864minus05

447119864minus05

7ndash12


442119864minus05

285119864minus05

516119864minus05

12ndash17


476119864minus05

309119864minus05

560119864minus05


499119864minus05

319119864minus05

577119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12


Table14Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

thep

ublic

estim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

rea

oftheILV

ATarantoon

4ndash12

May

2009lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


204119864minus05

207119864minus05

310119864minus05


369119864minus05

352119864minus05

517119864minus05

2ndash7


381119864minus05

364119864minus05

535119864minus05

7ndash12


437119864minus05

422119864minus05

623119864minus05

12ndash17


471119864minus05

460119864minus05

682119864minus05


493119864minus05

470119864minus05

690119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12





4 Conclusion




Acknowledgments


References




















































Journal of

Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry



Journal of

Volume 2014














Journal of

Spectroscopy



Journal of


Quantum Chemistry






CatalystsJournal of


0

50

100

150

200

250

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

210 Po

conc

entr

atio

nin

atm

osph

eric

part

icul

ate(120583

Bqmminus

3 )



R2 = 0793 n = 12 P lt 001


0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35


210 Po

or21

0 Pbco

ncen

trat

ions

(120583Bq

mminus

3 )

[210Pb] = 289 [PM] + 230R2 = 0559 n = 12 P lt 001

[210Po] = 357 [PM] + 569R2 = 0257 n = 12 P lt 001





25andPM




119864 = sum

119895

119860119895119877119879119862119895inh (2)





















Table12Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

ean

210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

theC

astelR

omanoRo

ma

on19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Age

classesy

Respira

tion

ratem

3dminus

1Ann

ualrespiratio

nvolumem

3yminus

1

210 Podo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1

286

1044

180119864minus05

485119864minus05

911119864minus07

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

750119864minus06

841119864minus06

1-2516

1883

140119864minus05

485119864minus05

128119864minus06

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

135119864minus05

148119864minus05

2ndash7

872

3183

860119864minus06

485119864minus05

133119864minus06

110119864minus05

399119864minus04

140119864minus05

153119864minus05

7ndash12

153

5585

590119864minus06

485119864minus05

160119864minus06

720119864minus06

399119864minus04

160119864minus05

176119864minus05

12ndash17

201

7337

510119864minus06

485119864minus05

181119864minus06

590119864minus06

399119864minus04

173119864minus05

191119864minus05

Adult(gt17)

222

8103

430119864minus06

485119864minus05

169119864minus06

560119864minus06

399119864minus04

181119864minus05

198119864minus05


Table13Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

reao

ftheILV

ATarantoon

11ndash17

Novem

ber2

008lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


207119864minus05

137119864minus05

249119864minus05


373119864minus05

239119864minus05

432119864minus05

2ndash7


385119864minus05

247119864minus05

447119864minus05

7ndash12


442119864minus05

285119864minus05

516119864minus05

12ndash17


476119864minus05

309119864minus05

560119864minus05


499119864minus05

319119864minus05

577119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12


Table14Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

thep

ublic

estim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

rea

oftheILV

ATarantoon

4ndash12

May

2009lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


204119864minus05

207119864minus05

310119864minus05


369119864minus05

352119864minus05

517119864minus05

2ndash7


381119864minus05

364119864minus05

535119864minus05

7ndash12


437119864minus05

422119864minus05

623119864minus05

12ndash17


471119864minus05

460119864minus05

682119864minus05


493119864minus05

470119864minus05

690119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12





4 Conclusion




Acknowledgments


References




















































Journal of

Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry



Journal of

Volume 2014














Journal of

Spectroscopy



Journal of


Quantum Chemistry






CatalystsJournal of














Table12Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

ean

210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

theC

astelR

omanoRo

ma

on19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Age

classesy

Respira

tion

ratem

3dminus

1Ann

ualrespiratio

nvolumem

3yminus

1

210 Podo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1

286

1044

180119864minus05

485119864minus05

911119864minus07

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

750119864minus06

841119864minus06

1-2516

1883

140119864minus05

485119864minus05

128119864minus06

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

135119864minus05

148119864minus05

2ndash7

872

3183

860119864minus06

485119864minus05

133119864minus06

110119864minus05

399119864minus04

140119864minus05

153119864minus05

7ndash12

153

5585

590119864minus06

485119864minus05

160119864minus06

720119864minus06

399119864minus04

160119864minus05

176119864minus05

12ndash17

201

7337

510119864minus06

485119864minus05

181119864minus06

590119864minus06

399119864minus04

173119864minus05

191119864minus05

Adult(gt17)

222

8103

430119864minus06

485119864minus05

169119864minus06

560119864minus06

399119864minus04

181119864minus05

198119864minus05


Table13Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

reao

ftheILV

ATarantoon

11ndash17

Novem

ber2

008lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


207119864minus05

137119864minus05

249119864minus05


373119864minus05

239119864minus05

432119864minus05

2ndash7


385119864minus05

247119864minus05

447119864minus05

7ndash12


442119864minus05

285119864minus05

516119864minus05

12ndash17


476119864minus05

309119864minus05

560119864minus05


499119864minus05

319119864minus05

577119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12


Table14Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

thep

ublic

estim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

rea

oftheILV

ATarantoon

4ndash12

May

2009lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


204119864minus05

207119864minus05

310119864minus05


369119864minus05

352119864minus05

517119864minus05

2ndash7


381119864minus05

364119864minus05

535119864minus05

7ndash12


437119864minus05

422119864minus05

623119864minus05

12ndash17


471119864minus05

460119864minus05

682119864minus05


493119864minus05

470119864minus05

690119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12





4 Conclusion




Acknowledgments


References




















































Journal of

Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry



Journal of

Volume 2014














Journal of

Spectroscopy



Journal of


Quantum Chemistry






CatalystsJournal of


Table12Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

ean

210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

theC

astelR

omanoRo

ma

on19ndash29Novem

ber2

008

Age

classesy

Respira

tion

ratem

3dminus

1Ann

ualrespiratio

nvolumem

3yminus

1

210 Podo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientSv

Bqminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1

286

1044

180119864minus05

485119864minus05

911119864minus07

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

750119864minus06

841119864minus06

1-2516

1883

140119864minus05

485119864minus05

128119864minus06

180119864minus05

399119864minus04

135119864minus05

148119864minus05

2ndash7

872

3183

860119864minus06

485119864minus05

133119864minus06

110119864minus05

399119864minus04

140119864minus05

153119864minus05

7ndash12

153

5585

590119864minus06

485119864minus05

160119864minus06

720119864minus06

399119864minus04

160119864minus05

176119864minus05

12ndash17

201

7337

510119864minus06

485119864minus05

181119864minus06

590119864minus06

399119864minus04

173119864minus05

191119864minus05

Adult(gt17)

222

8103

430119864minus06

485119864minus05

169119864minus06

560119864minus06

399119864minus04

181119864minus05

198119864minus05


Table13Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

reao

ftheILV

ATarantoon

11ndash17

Novem

ber2

008lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


207119864minus05

137119864minus05

249119864minus05


373119864minus05

239119864minus05

432119864minus05

2ndash7


385119864minus05

247119864minus05

447119864minus05

7ndash12


442119864minus05

285119864minus05

516119864minus05

12ndash17


476119864minus05

309119864minus05

560119864minus05


499119864minus05

319119864minus05

577119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12


Table14Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

thep

ublic

estim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

rea

oftheILV

ATarantoon

4ndash12

May

2009lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


204119864minus05

207119864minus05

310119864minus05


369119864minus05

352119864minus05

517119864minus05

2ndash7


381119864minus05

364119864minus05

535119864minus05

7ndash12


437119864minus05

422119864minus05

623119864minus05

12ndash17


471119864minus05

460119864minus05

682119864minus05


493119864minus05

470119864minus05

690119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12





4 Conclusion




Acknowledgments


References




















































Journal of

Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry



Journal of

Volume 2014














Journal of

Spectroscopy



Journal of


Quantum Chemistry






CatalystsJournal of


Table13Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

publicestim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

reao

ftheILV

ATarantoon

11ndash17

Novem

ber2

008lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


207119864minus05

137119864minus05

249119864minus05


373119864minus05

239119864minus05

432119864minus05

2ndash7


385119864minus05

247119864minus05

447119864minus05

7ndash12


442119864minus05

285119864minus05

516119864minus05

12ndash17


476119864minus05

309119864minus05

560119864minus05


499119864minus05

319119864minus05

577119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12


Table14Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

thep

ublic

estim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

rea

oftheILV

ATarantoon

4ndash12

May

2009lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


204119864minus05

207119864minus05

310119864minus05


369119864minus05

352119864minus05

517119864minus05

2ndash7


381119864minus05

364119864minus05

535119864minus05

7ndash12


437119864minus05

422119864minus05

623119864minus05

12ndash17


471119864minus05

460119864minus05

682119864minus05


493119864minus05

470119864minus05

690119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12





4 Conclusion




Acknowledgments


References




















































Journal of

Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry



Journal of

Volume 2014














Journal of

Spectroscopy



Journal of


Quantum Chemistry






CatalystsJournal of


Table14Th

ecom

mitted

effectiv

edosefor

mem

bersof

thep

ublic

estim

ated

from

them

eanandmaxim

um210 Poand


inatmosph

ericparticulatec

ollected

from

thea

rea

oftheILV

ATarantoon

4ndash12

May

2009lowast

Age

classesy

Mean

210 Po

concBq

mminus3Maxim

um210 Po

concBq

mminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PoSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PoSv

yminus1

Mean

210 Pb

concBq

mminus3

Maxim

um210 Pbconc

Bqmminus3

Meaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 PbSv

yminus1

Maxim

umeffectiv

edose

from

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

eaneffectiv

edo

sefro

m210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

Totalm

axim

umeffectiv

edosefrom

210 Poand

210 PbSv

yminus1

lt1


204119864minus05

207119864minus05

310119864minus05


369119864minus05

352119864minus05

517119864minus05

2ndash7


381119864minus05

364119864minus05

535119864minus05

7ndash12


437119864minus05

422119864minus05

623119864minus05

12ndash17


471119864minus05

460119864minus05

682119864minus05


493119864minus05

470119864minus05

690119864minus05

lowastTh

erespiratio

nrateann

ualrespiratio

nvolumeandthe2

10Po

and

210 Pbdo

secoeffi

cientsused

tocalculatethe

committed

effectiv

edosefor

each

agec

lassarethe

samea

stho

selistedin

Table12





4 Conclusion




Acknowledgments


References




















































Journal of

Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry



Journal of

Volume 2014














Journal of

Spectroscopy



Journal of


Quantum Chemistry






CatalystsJournal of





4 Conclusion




Acknowledgments


References




















































Journal of

Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry



Journal of

Volume 2014














Journal of

Spectroscopy



Journal of


Quantum Chemistry






CatalystsJournal of











































Journal of

Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry



Journal of

Volume 2014














Journal of

Spectroscopy



Journal of


Quantum Chemistry






CatalystsJournal of










Journal of

Chemistry


Advances in

Physical Chemistry



Journal of

Volume 2014














Journal of

Spectroscopy



Journal of


Quantum Chemistry






CatalystsJournal of

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