RESEARCH AND INNOVATION : PANACEA TO AFRICA`S ECONOMIC UNDERDEVELOPMENT by Professor Julius A. Okojie, OON, FAAS, FASN,D.SC Former Executive Secretary National Universities Commission BEING TEXT OF THE 12 TH CONVOCATION LECTURE AT THE CONVENAT UNIVERSITY, OTA, OGUN STATE THURSDAY 20 th JULY, 2017 1
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RESEARCH AND INNOVATION : PANACEA TO
AFRICA`S ECONOMIC UNDERDEVELOPMENT
by
Professor Julius A. Okojie, OON, FAAS, FASN,D.SC
Former Executive Secretary
National Universities Commission
BEING TEXT OF THE 12TH CONVOCATION LECTURE AT THE CONVENAT UNIVERSITY, OTA, OGUN STATE
THURSDAY 20th JULY, 2017 1
MAP OF AFRICA
2
KWAME NKRUMAH
3
KENNNETH KAUNDA
4
JULIUS NYERERE
5
PATRICE LUMUMBA
6
AFRICA`S TEN LARGEST COUNTRIES BY
POPULATION
S/N COUNTRY POPULATION(Million)LAND AREA (Km
2)
Migrants (Net)
1 Nigeria 191.84 910,902 -60,000
2 Ethiopia 104.34 1,000,430 -12,000
3 Egypt 95.22 999.933 -43,136
4 DR Congo 82.24 2,265,639 -19,184
5 Tanzania 56.88 885,943 -40,000
6 South Africa 55.44 1,213,049 120,000
7 Kenya 48.47 568,861 -10,000
8 Sudan 42.65 199,774 -30,000
9 Uganda 41.65 199,774 -30,000
10 Algeria 41.06 2,387,428 -28,000
7
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX (HDI)
Composite statistics of life expectancy ; Education: Mean years of
❖ The GCI is a set of institutions, policies and factors thatdetermine the level of productivity of a country, condition ofpublic institutions and technical conditions
❖ 12 Pillars of Competitiveness
10
12 PILLARS OF COMPETITIVENESS
11
11
Basic
Requirements
Efficiency Enhancers Innovation and
Sophistication Factors
1. Institutions Higher Education and
Training
Business Sophistication
2. Infrastructure Goods Market Efficiency Research and
Development Innovation
3. Macro-Economic
Environment
Labour Market Efficiency
4. Health and Primary
Education
Financial Market
Development
5.
Technological Readiness
6. Market size
GCI 2015 Ranking
COUNTRY SWITZERL
AND
SINGAPO
RE
NORWAY CHILE MAURITI
US
SOUTH
AFRICA
BRAZIL NIGERIA
Population
(Million)
8.0 5.4 5.1 17.6 1.3 53.0 202.8 169.3
GDP ($Billion) 650.8 295.7 511.3 277 11.9 350.8 235.30 286.5
GCI Position 1st 2nd 11th 35th 46th 56th 75th 124th
12
13
14
15
16
Number of Public and Private schools
WEBOMETRIC RANKING OF WORLD
UNIVERSITIES 2012AFRICA WORLD UNIVERSITY PRESENCE RANK IMPACT RANK OPENNESS RANK EXCELLENCE RANK
16 1335 University of Ibadan 3446 1302 1612 1715
24 1788 Convenant University, Ota 1662 1621 1943 2685
30 1986 Obafemi Awolowo University 1276 2542 2519 2534
54 2613 University of Lagos 2005 6118 2329 2521
56 2652 University of Nigeria 2986 5817 1424 2805
63 2840 University of Port Harcourt 611 5817 1529 3339
68 2914 University of Agriculture Abeokuta 2854 5429 2480 3125
70 2985 University of Ilorin 5467 6332 2110 2941
75 3049 Ahnadu Bello University 4180 8499 2557 2546
82 3214 Federal University of Technology Owerri 14969 2447 4016 3860
98 3507 Federal University of Technology Akure 4814 9897 3087 2894
99 3513 Federal University of Technology Minna 10700 7827 2915 3125
17
18
19
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21
RESEARCH INSTITUTES AND THEIR
MANDATES
S/NO. Name Mandate
1. Nigerian Institute for Oil
Palm Research (NIFOR)
➢ To conduct research into the production and
products of oil palm and other palms of economic
importance and transfer its research findings to
farmers.
2. Forestry Research Institute
of Nigeria (FRIN)
➢ Mandate to conduct research into all aspects of
forestry and forest products utilization. Mandate
extended to include research in wildlife, watershed
management and agroforestry.
3. Cocoa Research Institute of
Nigeria (CRIN)
➢ Researches are focused on Cocoa, Kola, Cashew,
Coffee and Tea.
➢ Improvement of the genetic potential, agronomic
and husbandry practices, including processing and
storage of the crops.
22
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE
RESEARCH INSTITUTES AND THEIR
MANDATES
S/NO. Name Mandate
4. National Agricultural
Extension and Research
Liaison Services (NAERLS)
➢ The Institute is responsible for development,
collation, evaluation and dissemination of proven
agricultural innovations and to research on
extension methodologies and policy. in rural life
and linkages.
5. Institute of Agricultural
Research and Training
(IAR&T), Ibadan
➢ Research into maize, kenaf, jute, soil & watermanagement: and
➢ Total farming systems for the Ecological zonescovered by Lagos, Ogun, Oyo, Osun, Ondo, Ekiti,Edo and Delta States
6. Rubber Research Institute
of Nigeria (RRIN), Benin
City
➢ Research into the genetic improvement,
production and processing of rubber and other
latex producing plants. 23
AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE
RESEARCH INSTITUTES AND THEIR
MANDATES
S/NO. Name ss
1. National Institute for Chemical
Technology (NARICT)
➢ Mandate to develop the technologies required by
the Chemicals industry.
➢ Research into the conversion of agricultural,
mineral and other raw materials into chemicals.
2. National Centre for Technology
Management (NACETEM)
➢ Mandate as a training Centre for the development
of middle to high level manpower in science,
technology and innovation management to all
tiers of government and the private sector.
3. Institute of Agricultural Research and
Training (IART)
➢ The Institute conducts research on various cereals
and legumes e.g. maize, jutes, Keraf and sisal
hemp, soil and fertilizer use.
4. Institute of Agricultural Research and
Extension Services (IAR)
➢ Has the mandate of researching into the genetic
improvement of sorghum, cowpea, cotton,
groundnut and sunflow.
24
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
RESEARCH INSTITUTES AND THEIR
MANDATES
S/NO. Name Mandate
5. National Agricultural Extension
Research and Liaison Services
➢ Key mandate of the institution are:
Planning and coordination of agricultural
extension.
➢ Promotion of dissemination of agricultural
research results and technologies.
6. National Animal Production
Research Institute (NAPRI)
➢ Has a broad mandate of conducting applied
research on food animal species as well as
forage and to develop appropriate
technologies in breeding and reproduction.
7. National Horticultural Research
Institute (NIHORT)
➢ Conducts research into fruits, vegetables,
their processing, preservation and
development of indigenous ornamentals.
25
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
RESEARCH INSTITUTES AND THEIR
MANDATES
S/NO. Name Mandate
1. Nigerian Institute of Medical Research
(NIMR)
➢ To conduct research into communicable
diseases of public health importance in the
country, non- communicable diseases
prevalent in the country.
2. Institute of Child Health (ICH) ➢ Conducts research in collaboration with many
local and international institutions on child
health related enquiries.
3. The National Institute for Pharmaceutical
Research and Development (NIPRD)
➢ Mandated to carry out research and
development of drugs and pharmaceutical
substances from locally available natural
resources;26
MEDICAL RESEARCH INTITUTES
Universities and research institutes have always had
collaborative research (symbiotic);
It has also encouraged the share of resources, staff
and materials;
There is always a free flow of staff from institutes to
universities and vice versa.27
RESEARCH CONT’D
INNOVATION
28
“...the process of making changes to something established by introducing something new.”
“…radical or incremental changes to products, processes or services.”
INNOVATION CONT’D
Learning and innovation go hand in hand. The arrogance of success is tothink that what you did yesterday will be sufficient for tomorrow. -William Pollard
One of the only ways to get out of a tight box is to invent your wayout. - Jeff Bezos
But innovation comes from people meeting up in the hallways orcalling each other at 10:30 at night with a new idea, or because theyrealized something that shoots holes in how we've been thinking abouta problem. - Steve Jobs
29
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
30
The capacity, willingness to develop, organise and manage
a business venture along with any of its risks in order to
make profits…
The entrepreneurial spirit is characterised by Innovation
and risk taking.
ALIKO DANGOTE
31
FOLORUNSHO ALAKIJA
32
WHY ENTREPRENEURSHIP?
Unemployment:A serious shortage of employment opportunities;
Choice: Enables the youth to choose his own clients and projects;
Novelty: Offers him the chance to be challenged in new ways;
Autonomy: Enables him to set his own schedule and make the rules;
Provides him an opportunity to work collaboratively with business partners;
Gives him a sense of pride and self accomplishment; and
Allows him to reap the benefits of his own creative ideas.
33
ENTREPRENEURSHIP CONT’D
ENTRENCHMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN NIGERIAN
UNIVERSITIES
The National Council on Education (NCE) during its 53rd meeting in
calabar (2006):
o Tertiary Education Supervisory Agencies to produce appropriate guide
and training manuals for the teaching of Entrepreneurship;
o Presidential Directive to introduce Entrepreneurship Education. 34
ENTREPRENEURSHIP CONT’D
ENTRENCHMENT PROCESS
Implementation Committee on Entrenchment of
Entrepreneurship Education in all Nigerian Universities
(ICEEENU);
o EEd General Studies and B. Sc. (Entrepreneurial Studies).
In 2012, all State-owned universities were given a grant to
establish functional Entrepreneurship Development Centres.35
ENTREPRENEURSHIP CONT’D
ANNUAL NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP WEEK
(ANEW)
A one week series of events to be run annually;
Stakeholders: Industry practitioners, Professional bodies, Academics
and Students to enhance the development of knowledge-based
enterprises (social and for profit);
Promotes vibrant and informed entrepreneurs to transform their
environment/community through creativity and/or innovative ideas.
36
ENTREPRENEURSHIP CONT’D
NATIONAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP RESOURCE AND
KNOWLEDGE CENTRE (NERKC)
NERKC empowers students and graduates with entrepreneurial
knowledge and skills for self-employment, economic independence
and social security;
Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was jointly signed between
the Knowledge Institute (KI), Exeter (USA), AIA Global and NUC on
the 8th of December, 2015 with the commitment to work as partners