Research and Application on HVDC and DC Grid in China facts: The largest VSC‐HVDC system commissioned: 500MW/ ±200kV; The largest under construction: 2×1000MW/±320kV. C-EPRI Nanhui

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—Proven technology to transmit and connect

State Grid Smart Grid Research Institute, SGCC

Dr. Guangfu Tang

September 2013

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Research and Application on HVDC and DC Grid in China

Research and Application on HVDC and DC Grid in China

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各位领导专家莅临指导

Table of Contents

2

3

5

1 Introduction

4

UHVDC Key Technology

Conclusion

VSC‐HVDC Technology

DC Grid

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Power Transmission Evolvement

Rectifier station OHL Inverter station

Mode 1: AC‐DC‐AC

Step‐up DC/DC converter

Step‐down DC/DC converter

DC cable or OHL

Mode 2: DC‐DC‐DC

Power transmission has experienced a history from DC‐based to AC‐based technology. However, the past several decades have seen the return of DC transmission, which is gaining increasing popularity.

With emerging demands and technological development, a complete independent DC gird can be expected in the future.

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1990: First proposed by

McGill University (Canada)

Modern DC Transmission

Mercury arc valve

Thyristor valve

Turn‐off valve

1972: the first DC project

using thyristor valve in Canada.

•ABB: HVDC Light•Siemens: HVDC Plus•C‐EPRI: HVDC Flexible•Alstom: HVDC MaxSine

1928: Gate‐controlled mercury

arc valve was developed.

1954: the first DC project using mercury arc valve in Sweden.

1997: the first VSC‐HVDC project commission in

Sweden.

Evolvement

1956: Thyristortechnology was invented by Bell

Labs.

The upward tendency of VSC‐HVDC capacity and DC voltage

With the development of converter technology, the voltage and power ratings of VSC‐HVDC are increasingly growing. The reduction in system loss and cost has greatly boosted the application of VSC‐HVDC technology.

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China’s Power Grid Need

The future western energy bases will includes hydro-power,coal-fired power, wind energy and solar power in China.

Several large scale wind farms had been developing in China.

In the foreseeable future, China has a consistent demand forbulk power long distance transmission. We can foresee that theannual per capita electricity consumption doubles by 2030.

At present, the transmission capacity from China’s westernenergy bases to its eastern load centers reached a capacity of350 GW. But by the 2030, the transfer capacity will reach toabout 675 GW.

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HVDC Projects in Service

Northeast China

Tibet

Northwest China

South China

Taiwan

East China

120&167 kV360&750 MW 2005&2009Linbao BTB North China

Central China

±500 kV, 3000 MW, 2003Three Gorges to

Changzhou

±500 kV, 3000 MW, 2006Three Gorges to Shanghai

±500 kV, 1800 MW, 2001Tianshengqiao to

Guangdong

Long distance

BTB

±150kV 4*750 MW, 2008&2011

Gaoling BTB

±500 kV, 3000 MW, 2010

Deyang-Baoji

±125 kV, 750 MW, 2009Heihe BTB

±500 kV,1200 MW,1989Gezhouba to Shanghai

±800kV, 6400 MW, 2009 Xiangjiaba-Shanghai

±500 kV, 3000 MW, 2004Three Gorges to

Guangdong±800kV, 5000 MW, 2009

Yunnan-Guangdong

±500 kV, 2×3000 MW, 2007

Guiyang to Guangdong

±660kV, 4000MW,2011Ningxia-Shandong

±500kV, 3000 MW,2010Hulunbuir-Liaoning

±400kV, 1200MW2012

Qinghai-Tibet

500kV, 3000MW2011

Jingzhou-Shanghai

Capacity of HVDC Projects in service : above 55GW

±800kV, 7200MW2012

Jinping-Sunan

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Ongoing HVDC Projects

Northeast China

Tibet

Northwest China

South China Taiwan

East China

North China

Central China

LCC-HVDC

VSC-HVDC

±320kV, 1000MW2018

Dalian, Liaoning

±200kV 400/300/100/100/100MW

2014Zhoushan, Zhejiang

±160kV, 200MW2013

Nan’ao, Guangdong

±800kV,8000MW2013

Hami-Zhengzhou

±800kV, 8000MW2014

Xiluodu-Zhexi

±800kV, 8000MW2015

Ningdong-Zhexi

Capacity of ongoing UHVDC & VSC-HVDC Projects: above 27GW

±320kV, 1000MW2015

Xianmen, Fujian

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China UHVDC Planning

华北

南方

东北

西藏

台湾

西北

华中

上海

华东

新疆

川渝

金沙江水电

四川水电

西藏水电

Energy Resource and Power Consumption Distribution China UHVDC Planning Map

By 2030, SGCC has planned to construct 27 UHVDC links, and form a strong and smart power grid characteristic of AC/DC coordinated existence.

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Table of Contents

2

3

5

1 Introduction

4


Conclusion


DC Grid

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UHVDC transmission provides an effective solution to support China’s West‐to‐East power transfer and continental interconnection of power between Asia and Europe.

The mainstream voltage ratings for UHVDC application include, ±800kV(5000A), ±800kV(6250A) and ±1100(5000A)

Transmission Voltage/current Economical transfer capacity

Transmission distance

AC 500kV 1000MW 300~500km

AC 1000kV 5000MW 1000~2000km

DC ±500kV 3000MW 500~1500km

DC ±800kV/5000A 8000MW 1000~2000km

DC ±800kV/6250A 10000MW 1000~2000km

DC ±1100kV/5000A 11000MW 1500~3000km

UHVDC Transmission

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Valve system broadband and distributed parameter extraction.

Converter valve nonlinear components coordination and optimization.

Converter valve multi‐physics modeling and numerical analysis.

Thyristor intelligent triggering and monitoring. Valve system insulation coordination and overvoltage

protection strategy. UHVDC valve voltage grading and shielding. Converter valve multi‐source synthetical equivalent

test method…

±800kV UHVDC valve prototype

±800kV/5000A Valve R&DConverter valve is the core equipment for power conversion between AC and DC in UHVDC transmission. SGRI has developed the ±800kV /5000A converter valve, and key technologies include:

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Jinping‐Sunan UHVDC transmission

±800kV/5000A Valve Application

Main data

Rated Voltage ±800kV Rated current 4500A Rated capacity 7200MW Transmission distance 2100km Commissioning year 2012

The Jinping‐Sunan ±800kV UHVDC project was successful put into operation on July 19, 2012. SGRI supplied converter valves for the project; all the valves are running reliably in good health.

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±800kV/5000A Valve Application

Rated Voltage ±800kV Rated current 5000A Rated capacity 8000MW Transmission distance 2210km Commissioning year 2013

Hami‐Zhengzhou

The two UHVDC projects are the world’s largest of its kind under construction

Xiluodu‐ZhejiangRated Voltage ±800kV Rated current 5000A Rated capacity 8000MW Transmission distance 1688km Commissioning year 2014

YinbinJinhua

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±1100kV converter valve prototype

±1100kV Converter Valve R&DIn 2013, SGRI developed the prototype of ±1100kV UHVDCconverter valve, which has already passed complete type tests.

Technical challenges conquered

Large stray parameter complex system nonlinear comprehensive index optimization at higher voltage levels

Valve strong electromagnetic interference characteristic analysis and safety protection at higher voltage levels

Valve heavy current, multi‐physics coupling , severe stress analysis and design at higher voltage levels, and key components development

……

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±1100kV Valve Application

Zhundong‐Wuhan UHVDC transmission project

DC voltage: ±1100kV

DC current: 5000A

Capacity: 11000MW

Transmission distance: 3200km

Execution period:

From 2013 to 2015

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各位领导专家莅临指导Prototype to come out with type tests to be finished by the end of 2013…

±800kV/6250A Valve R&D

Thyristor damping circuit parameter optimization under

heavy currentKey valve assembly

electrical, mechanical, thermal, insulation and aging characteristics under heavy current

Valve tower seismic analysis and design under heavy current stress

Low heat dissipation saturated reactor and high‐efficient cooling technique

Test method study and test capability enhancement under heavy currents.

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Mengxi‐Wuhan UHVDC transmission project

±800kV/6250A Valve R&D

DC voltage: ±800kV

DC current: 6250A

Capacity: 10000MW

Transmission distance: 1400km

Execution period: From 2013 to 2015

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Table of Contents

2

3

5

1 Introduction

4

UHVDC key Technology

Conclusion


DC Grid

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VSC‐HVDC technology HVDC Flexible (VSC‐HVDC) is a novel transmission technology employing

IGBT as the switching element for power conversion. Can operate in full four quadrants, and achieve independent control of

both active and reactive power by changing phase angle and magnitude of the output voltage.

191919

Uc> Usδ >0

Uc> Usδ <0

Uc< Usδ >0

Uc< Usδ <0c

css

c

cs

XUUUQ

XUUP

)cos(

sin

0sU sU cU

QP

CjX

cU

sU

Quick facts: The largest VSC‐HVDC system commissioned: 500MW/±200kV; The largest under construction: 2×1000MW/±320kV.

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Nanhui Wind Farm Integration Demonstration Project

Chinese first VSC-HVDC transmission scheme for wind farm integration.

A turnkey project executed by SGRI, including system design, manufacturing, testing and commissioning.

直流输电线路

南汇风电场

大治

书院宏祥

公平

Geography map of Nanhui project Nanfeng converter station

Power rating 18MW/20MVADC/AC voltage ±30kV/35kVCable length 8.4km XLPETopology VSC‐HVDC

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The 1000MW/±320kV converter valveand Valve Base Controller (VBC) were developed on the basis of the low power rating pilot project; both converter valve and VBC have passed complete type tests with the witness of DNV KEMA.

High Power VSC‐HVDC Equipment

The prototype of station control and protection system was developed, and passed all type tests.

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Description Data

Capacity 1000MWDC voltage ±320kV

Cable length 15km

High Power VSC‐HVDC

Description DataCapacity 1000MWDC voltage ±320kV

Cable length 53km

Cable route：53km

Sending: Northern end of City power grid

Receiving: Southern end of City Power Grid

Xiamen Island In‐feed Dalian City In‐feed

Receiving station

Sending station

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Table of Contents

2

3

5

1 Introduction

4


Conclusion


DC Grid

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Power grid and equipment standardization

Offline and real‐time simulation: DC grid modeling, DC grid real‐time simulation, DC grid offline simulation

Distributed coordination control: control strategy for coordinated DC/AC grids operation, DC grid flow control and voltage control

Wide area measurement and fault detection

Fault isolation and protection

Safety reliability assessment: System reliability assessment and equipment reliability assessment, etc.

Core equipment research and development: high‐voltage DC circuit breaker, DC/DC converter, etc.

Key Technologies Required

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Core DC Grid Equipment

KSM SM

SM SM

New type hybrid DC circuit breaker New type DC/DC converter

DC circuit breaker: is used to disconnect fault current of DCtransmission line.

DC/DC converter: is used to interconnect DC system andnetworks at different voltage ratings.

……

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Multi‐terminal VSC‐HVDC

Description DataStation of the

highest capacity 400MW

DC voltage ±200kVNo. of terminals 5

Nan’aoGuangdong

Description DataStation of the

highest capacity 200MW

DC voltage ±160kVNo. of terminals 4

Zhoushan Multi‐terminal Nan’ao Multi‐terminal

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There is no redundancy in the existing Zhoushan system, and power supply reliability is low.

Connect Zhoushan station to Yangshan station, and at the same time, connect Sijiao station to Qushan station, and thus a loop links all ends.

Connect Zhoushan station to Sijiao station and Qushan station respectively, thus forming a system with redundancy and high reliability.

27

Zhoushan DC GridPhase 1

Stage 3

Stage 2Phase 2

Phase 3

Based on the Zhoushan Multi‐terminal pilot project, the research and application of DC grid technology can be carried out in a phased manner.

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Table of Contents

2

3

5

1 Introduction

4


Conclusion


DC Grid

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ConclusionUHVDC technology will provide an effective solution

to bulk power long distance transmission for China’s power transfer ambitions.China is currently accelerating its UHVDC construction,

and trying to shape a hybrid power network featuringinterconnected strong AC and strong DC grids.The increasing tendency of global resource integration

fosters wide UHVDC applications in countries andregions like China, East Europe, andSouth America, etc.

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Connection of wind power in the North Sea

and the Baltic Sea

Connection of abundant solar energy

in the Mediterranean

Conclusion

VSC-HVDC, in combination with DC grid technology will provide an effective solution to emerging problems associated with renewable integration and urban loop network control.

There will be more DC placementsin China’s eastern, central and southern areas. It’ll bring a lot of problems of commutation failure.The VSC-HVDC can provide a good solution in the future.

“Super Grid” shows an ambitious plan in Europe.

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Thank you very much for your attention.

Deliver Green Power Shape Future Grid

C‐EPRI Electric Power Engineering Co., Ltd.

Email: [email protected]

Address: No.16 Nanzhong Road, Nanshao Town, Changping

District, Beijing 102200, China

Research and Application on HVDC and DC Grid in China facts: The largest VSC‐HVDC system commissioned: 500MW/ ±200kV; The largest under construction: 2×1000MW/±320kV. C-EPRI Nanhui

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