Research advances in pulses and benefit to stakeholders CL Laxmipathi Gowda Deputy Director General, ICRISAT
Research advances in pulses and benefit to stakeholders
CL Laxmipathi GowdaDeputy Director General, ICRISAT
VisionA prosperous, food-secure and resilient dryland tropicsMissionTo reduce poverty, hunger, malnutrition and environmental degradation in the dryland tropics
ICRISAT Locationsin the Semi-arid Tropics
55 countries6.5 million sq km2.5 billion people
Headquarters-Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India
ESARegional
Hub-Nairobi, Kenya
WCARegional
Hub- Bamako, Mali
Crop2011-12 2012-13
Area (mha) Production (mt)
Yield (kg/ha) Area (mha) Producti
on (mt)Yield (kg/ha)
Pigeonpea 4.01 2.65 662 3.81 3.07 806Chickpea 8.30 7.70 928 8.70 8.88 1020Mungbean 3.39 1.63 483 2.75 1.20 436Urdbean 3.22 1.77 549 3.19 1.90 595Lentil 1.56 1.06 678 1.41 1.08 765Other Pulses 3.99 2.27 570 3.61 2.32 643
Total Pulses 24.46 17.09 699 23.47 18.45 786Foodgrains 124.75 259.29 2078 120.16 255.36 2125
Production of major pulse crops in India
Top chickpea producers, import and export Rank Production Import Export
1 India (69%)
India (19%)
Australia(37%)
2 Pakistan (5%)
Pakistan(14%)
India(13%)
3 Turkey (5%)
Bangladesh(13%)
Mexico(11%)
4 Australia (5%)
UAE (7%)
Turkey(7%)
5 Myanmar (4%)
Algeria(5%)
Canada(6%)
6 Ethiopia (3%)
Spain(5%)
Myanmar(4%)
7 Iran (2%)
UK(3%)
Ethiopia(4%)
8 Mexico (1%)
Jordon(3%)
USA(3%)
Options for increasing production Enhancing yield by reducing yield gap
Improved cultivars +
Improved ICM
Yield gaps in chickpea
A large shift (about 4 million ha) in chickpea area from cooler, long-season environments to warmer, short-season environments
6.1
0.7
Central and southern states
Northern and eastern states
4.7
2.1
Options for increasing chickpea production
1. Bringing additional area under production- Huge opportunities exist in rice-fallow areas in South Asia (e.g. India, Bangladesh and Nepal)
Enhancing adoption of improved cultivars
1. Knowledge empowerment of farmers
•Electronic and print media
•Field days/farmers’ fairs
•Training programs
•Demonstrations
•Farmer-participatory varietal selection trials (FPVS)
Enhancing adoption of improved cultivars -2
2. Ensuring seed supply of improved cultivars
•Strengthening formal seed system (both public and private seed sectors)
•Strengthening informal seed system (seed production by individual farmers and farmers’ groups).
•Establishing linkages between formal and informal seed systems
•Making available seed samples (1-2 kg) to large number of farmers
JAKI 9218JG 11JG 130JG 14JG 16JGK 2JAKI 9218KAK 2ViratJG 6JGK 1VishalJGK 3VaibhavJG 218Ujjawal (IPCK 2004-29)Pratap Chana 1Raj Vijay Gram 203Kranti (ICCC 37)GG 2ICCV-2Himachal Chana 2ViharKRIPAGG 4
Chickpea varieties developed through ICRISAT-ICAR partnerships
• 40 chickpea varieties developed in India through ICRISAT-ICAR partnerships and account for 49% of the total indent of chickpea breeder seed in the country for 2014-15
ICRISAT-ICAR partnership
varieties
49%
• ICRISAT-ICAR partnership varieties are grown in >90% of the chickpea area in AP and were instrumental in bringing a chickpea revolution in the state.
Promoting agribusiness ventures through Seed Business Ventures
A unique initiative of Agri-Business Incubation (ABI) Program of ICRISAT•to develop and promote rural seed business ventures at village level, and thereby•address demand-supply gap for open pollinated, quality seeds through public, private and people partnership (PPPP).
SBV MODEL
Adoption and impacts of improved chickpea cultivars
- A success story from Andhra Pradesh State of India
Chickpea success story from Andhra Pradesh, India
During the past 12 years (2000 – 2011)
• 3.6-fold increase in area (163,000 to 580,000 ha)
• 2.1-fold increase in yield (583 to 1241 kg/ha)
• 7.6-fold increase in production (95,000 to 720,000 t)
• >90% area under improved short-duration cultivars developed through ICAR-ICRISAT partnership (JG 11, JAKI 9218, KAK 2, Vihar)
Lentil: IPL 316, Pusa Vaibhav, JL 3, IPL 81, DPL 62
Fieldpea: IPFD 10-12 (green seeds), Adarsh, Indra, Jaya, Ambika, Vikas, Prakash
Short Duration
Urdbean : Jawahar Urid 2, 3, IPU 2-43, RBU 38 (Barkha), TPU 4, Pant U 30, TAU 1, TAU 2, AKU 4 (Melghat)
Mungbean : Samrat, SML 668, IPM 2-3, HUM 16, IPM 2-14, Pant M 5, Pusa Vishal, Gujarat Mung 1, Gujarat Mung 4, AKM 9911
High yielding varieties
Extra-large/Large seeded Varieties
Mungbean for spring/Summer season
Samrat, SML 668, IPM 02-3, IPM 2-14, HUM 16
Hybrid Variety
At 60 days
Hybrids in Pigeonpea
• More vigor and yield
• 44% greater shoot mass so needs low seeding rates• 40-50% greater root mass with greater drought tolerance • Ideal for inter-cropping
ICPH 2671 ON- FARM TRIALS (2007-10)State Dist Farmers Mean yield (kg/ ha)
Hybrid Check
%Gain
Maha 7 782 969 717 35.1
A. P. 8 399 1411 907 55.6
Karnataka 4 184 1201 951 26.3
Jharkhand 9 288 1460 864 68.9
M. P. 10 360 1940 1326 46.3
Total 38 2013 1396 953 46.5
Developing early and extra-early chickpea cultivars
Early and extra-early cultivars have been developed which are better adapted to short-season environments (e.g. southern India) and escape end of season stresses
Reproductive stage heat tolerance
Effects of reproductive stage heat stress on chickpea
Chickpea cultivars suitable for mechanical harvesting
Herbicide tolerance
Market preference for grain quality
Transgenic Chickpea Resistance to Helicoverpa
Transgenic Non-transgenic
Illumina sequencing used to generate 153.01 Gb
73.8% of the genome is captured in scaffolds
Genome analysis predicted 28,269 genes
High levels of synteny observed between chickpea and Medicago
> 81,845 SSRs and 4.4 million variants (SNPs and INDELs)
The chickpea genome
Illumina sequencing tech used to generate 237.2 Gb
72.7% (605.78 Mb) of the total pigeonpea genome assembled into scaffolds
Genome analysis predicted 48,680 genes
High levels of synteny observed between the pigeonpea and soybean
>50,000 SSR and SNP markers identified
Higher abundance of drought tolerance genes
The pigeonpea genome
MABC for root and other drought tolerance related
traits in chickpea
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
Yie
ld (kg
/ha)
I rrigated Rainfed
The Plant Genome, 2013
Future Scenario in Pulses
• Demand will continue to grow (62 m tons by 2050)
• Supply gap will exist in South Asia• Technologies available to bridge yield gap • New initiatives and cutting-edge
technologies will need to be deployed • Good news: Fast progress in technologies
will help increasing supplies
ICRISAT is a member of the CGIAR Consortium
Thank you!