Research 1 Audio Visual Actuators 2

8/8/2019 Research 1 Audio Visual Actuators 2

1/25

8 mm single color LEDs

32mm 8*8 Square Matrix

www.e

lechou

se.com

www.e

lechouse.com

Audio-Visual Actuation: light and

sound

LEDs

The most popular visual actuator is the Light

Emitting Diode(LED). These lights come in various

different forms. The image on the right shows single

color 8 mm LEDs. There are different sizes - 3mm,

5mm, 8mm and 10mm.

The LEDs are sometimes mounted on a board

and arranged into grids. The image on the right shows

a 32mm 8*8 square matrix. Such boards come in vari-

ous sized and the lights can be different colors.

CH.01 CH.02 CH.03 CH.04 CH.05 CH.06 CH.07 CH.08 CH.09


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RGB LED

IR transmitter + receiver

www.e

lechou

se.com

www.detail.en.c

hina.cn/

Audio - Visual Actuation: light and

sound

LEDs

Besides single color LEDs, most sources of-

fer RGB LEDs. These light bulbs have all three color

components (red, green, and blue) and are able to

produce any desired color. They are bigger in size.

The image on the right shows IR (infrered) LED

transmitter and receiver. These two lights come in

pairs and can be used in many different conditions.

An example of their use is to detect motion. The trans-

mitter LED is constantly sending a signal to the re-

ceiver. Once the signal is interrupted ( by the presenceof something or somebody), the system detects the

change.


CH 09 CH 08 CH 07 CH 06 CH 05 CH 04 CH 03 CH 02 CH 01


3/25

LED bar graph

DE sinewinder lights

www.robotsh

op.com

http://www.yo

utube.com/watch?v=vjvlZ9Nc

VcI

www.sparkfun.com


sound

LEDs

LEDs can also be mounted on different sur-

faces. This particular image show a 10 segment bar

graph. It can be plugged into a breadboard and con-

nected to Arduino. The different bars light up when

electricity is sent to them.

Dimension Engineering sinewinder lights are

easy to plug into arduino and have an interesting ef-fect. There are 12 LEDs that scan from one side to the

other and leave a slight trail behind.




4/25

Moving Message Display

LCD 16*4 characters

www.e

lechou

se.com

www.e

lechouse.com


sound

Displays

The moving message display on the right has

seven segments each connected to a different LED

and lights up when electricity is sent to it. Such dis-

plays can be used for moving message boards, bank-

ing boards, score boards and any other display that

used the system for writing information. They come in

different colors and sizes.

LCDs (liquid crystal displays) come in different

sizes and colors. The colors of the display background

and characters varies as well. There are displays with

different number of rows and characters.




5/25

5mW Laser Module Emitter

Solar Cell

www.d

irectindustry.com

www.e

lechouse.com


sound

lasers + solar cells

Laser module emitters can be found in different

colors - RGB. They produce a intense and concen-

trated beam of light that can travel long distance.

Solar cells are becoming widely used to collect

solar power. They can either be used to collect and

store the power or to power devices as they collect

the sunlight. They come in different sizes dependingon the necessary power.



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7/25

Daniel Rozin - Weave Mirror

Flag Hologram, Ellis Island

http://picasaweb.google.com/lh/photo/7a9DWV1JTuFjp6NnDUiJOA

http://www.smoothware.com/danny/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BZysu9QcceM


sound

physical pixels + holograms

An interesting approach to visual actuation is

the use of physical objects to create images. The in-

stallation shown on the right is Daniel Rozins Weave

Mirror. It uses C-shaped strips with a grey gradient.

The strips are controlled by a motor and react to a

camera to rotate to the necessary gradient in order torecreate an image.

This installation of the ag uses different panels

to create a hologram. Depending on what side of the

installation a person is standing, the image changes.

The panels also rotate in order to reveal several im-

ages.




8/25

Pico Projector

Projector

http://www.slipperybrick.com/page/970/

www.d

iytrade.com


sound

projectors

In order to play images or videos, the market

offers a large variety of projectors. The image on the

right shows the Pico projector which is a small size

projector that can be connected to various devices in

order to project and image. The Pico is usually used to

project on surfaces that are very close to the projectoritself.

The image on the right shows a SONY projectorthat is highly used in institutions and businesses for

presentations and installations. Projectors similar to

this can be found at many online sources and stores.



9/25

moving surface projection

ice + water effects on screen

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pc2sSW

do25I

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7Oz-cOKQzI


sound

projections

The image on the right is captured from a video

that shows an example of projecting on a moving sur-

face. With the help of tracking the moving object and

mapping the desired image on it, the projection follows

the object. This method is used in many installations

and interactive exhibitions.

Interactive installations allow for many different

effects. In this particular image, the person is inter-

acting with the screen projection. The system detects

the presence and particular movements of the person

and replicates them on the screen adding different ef-

fects.



10/25

fog projection

3D projection on 2D

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nl-DkF2

AjOA&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_

5dDAn6pWyA&p=81B7DF0555955

B2E&playnext=1&index=15


sound

projections

Projections can be very interesting when the

environment is creative. In this case, the video is be-

ing projected on fog/smoke and the interaction with

the viewer is quite different. The image seems three-

dimensional and yet transparent since the surface is

actually fog.

Another interesting approach to projections is

showing a three-dimensional movie on a two-dimen-

sional surface. The video on the right shows how a

wall can be transformed into a moving matrix of boxes.

The surface is actually becoming a three-dimensional

object.



11/25

projecting on 3D object

multi-screen projection

http://videoh

ive.net/item/multi-screen-display/115258

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gCZUyY305Oo


sound

projections

Images and videos can also be projected on a

three-dimensional object. This example shows a cube

that takes information from three different projectors to

create this effect. The images can be used to create

various effects.

Multi-screen displays are usually used in large

events and exhibitions. Many concerts and games use

this technique in order to enlarge the desired image.

The displays work by separating the image into differ-

ent parts and sending each part to a different display.

There are different ways for presenting the same

image on several screens/displays. One approach is

to use software that divides the image into the desired

number of parts and sends it to those screens. An-

other way of using many screens is to send the same

image to several screens at the same time.If one wants to show the same image on sever-

al screens, there is an external card (VGA distributor)

that connects to a computer and allows for connection

of multiple screens.

http://www.realtimesoft.com/multimon/

products.asp#MultiMonLaptops

If the same image is to be divided, there is soft-

ware that performs the necessary steps.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-monitor



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backlit display projection

transparent display projection

http://www.b

ridgat.com/index.p

hp?page=s

earch&s_

res=AND&cid=6&off=2&lang=&s_

by=hits

http://www.iconographys

tudios.net/products/indoor-sig

ns/back-lit-

displays/


sound

projections

Backlit projections can be used in interactive

installations when the interaction happens in front of

the screen. This technology allows for avoiding inter-

ruptions caused by shadows. There are screens and

projector displays that can be used.

Transparent displays are also available for pro-

jections. They are mostly used for movie effects, store-

fronts, and many high-trafc areas as display boards.

The image is projected from the back or front or side.



13/25

Sending information

UDP header structure

http://en.w

ikibooks.org/wiki/Computer_Networks/UDP

http://en.w

ikipedia.org/w

iki/User_Datagram_

Protocol

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ox8D2YBRIrQ


sound

UDP

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) is one of the

main protocols in the Internet Protocol Suite, a set of

network protocols for the internet. UDP is used to send

messages, or datagrams, to other hosts without prior

set up of transmission channels or data paths.

It is a simple transmission model and useful forsending information fast and easy. However, it is not

a reliable service and datagrams may arrive out of

order, appear duplicated or go missing without a no-

tice.

It provides for a connection less transmission

of data and many users prefer it over TCP - Trans-

mission Control Protocol, which is designed to securethe sending and receiving data in the exact desired

manner.



14/25

algae

bacteria

http://www.

ickr.com/photos/imagined

_ho

rizons/4327903307/

http://aquamarinediscov

ery.b

logspot.com/2008/10/din

oagellates-

bioluminescent-algae.html


sound

photo luminescent organisms

There are organisms that produce light when

agitated or treated with photo luminescent chemicals.

The images show a person creating light by moving

into water and bacteria colonies that have been treat-

ed with glow in the dark DNA. Such effects can be in-

corporated into interactive installations that somehowenhance the environment.



15/25

heat reactive paint

smart glass

http://www.g

lassmanual.com/Smart_

Glazing/

http://www.coolest-gadg

ets.com/20060629/color-chan

ging-paint/Audio - Visual Actuation: light and

sound

paint + glass

Visual actuators can be different reactive paints.

The image on the right shows paint that changes when

it is heated. There are also paints that are only seen

under certain condition - an example would be black

lights.

Smart or intelligent glass is used for many ofce

environments. It is an electrically switchable glass

or glazing which changes light transmission proper-

ties when voltage is applied. The glass appears to

be frosted when electricity is running through it. Such

glass can be used for privacy in corporate environ-

ments or the home.



16/25

Semi-transparent Concrete

Fibers + LED lit Plexi

http://tywkiwdbi.blogspo

t.com/2009/03/semi-transpare

nt-concrete.h

tml


sound

light conductivity

The image on the right shows semi-transparent

concrete. It is construction-grade concrete with optical

bers embedded in it. The can bers transmit light for

up to 50 feet, but do not take much of the space so the

structural integrity of the material is kept.

Optical bers have been used in many light in-

stallations, lamps etc. They work by trapping the light

within and letting it out when there is a cut. The image

if the plexi-glass shown on the right uses the same

principle. The letters are engraved into the plexi and

an LED sends light through it. The letters glow be-

cause they are cuts (interruption) on the material.

http://lightmedia.ca/led-acrylic-sign.p

hp



17/25

Light reection

Light polarization

Relevantwe

bsiteoftheprovider

Relevantyo

utubevideowebaddress


sound

natural light

There are several important principles that de-

scribe the nature of light and how it travels. The rst

image explains the light reection when light hits a

reective surface, in this case a mirror. The impor-

tant note to remember is that, the angle of incidence

equals the angle of reection. This is important whendealing with collection and distribution of light.

This image shows the polarization of light. Light

coming from the sun has waves that oscillate in planes

in all different directions. If we have a screen that has

slits in only one direction, light waves oscillating only

in that plane are able to pass through. Therefore, we

are able to use polarizers to manipulate light.

http://www.gelightin

g.com/na/home_

lighting/gela/

students/science_r

eecting.h

tm



18/25

Convex lens

Concave lens

http://www.p

assmyexams.co.u

k/GCSE/ph

ysics/concave_

&_

convex.

html

http://www.passmyexam

s.co.u

k/GCSE/physics/conca

ve_

&_

convex.

html


sound

light lenses

Convex lenses are thicker at the middle. Rays

of light that pass through the lens are brought closer

together (they converge). A convex lens is a converg-

ing lens. When parallel rays of light pass through a

convex lens the refracted rays converge at one point

called the principal focus. The distance between theprincipal focus and the centre of the lens is called the

focal length.

Convex lenses are thinner at the middle. Rays

of light that pass through the lens are spread out (they

diverge). A convex lens is a diverging lens. When par-

allel rays of light pass through a concave lens the re-

fracted rays diverge so that they appear to come from

one point called the principal focus. The distance be-

tween the principal focus and the centre of the lens is

called the focal length.



19/25

Light flters

Solar tracking heliostat

http://www.youtube.c

om/watch?v=5xDSueV45pg

http://micro.m

agnet.fsu.e

du/primer/lightandcolor/ltersintro.h

tmlAudio - Visual Actuation: light and

sound

flters + heliostats

Light lters can be used for different light ef-

fects. They consist of a thin lm that is able to trap

some light and reect other so that desired colors and

effects are perceived. Filters can be placed on cam-

eras, projectors, etc.

Solar tracking is becoming more and more used

for solar power. The image on the right shows a de-

vice that follows the sun and collects the solar energy.

A system like this can be connected to arduino and

works with a simple program. It takes the light intensity

read from three photocells and a motor responds to

the readings.



20/25

Buzzer

Piezo speaker

http://www.lizarum.com/assignments/physical_computing/2009/piezo.

html

http://www.sparkfun.com

/commerce/product_info.p

hp

?products_

id=7950


sound

speakers

The image on the right shows a 12mm buzzer

that can be used to generate tones when attached to

arduino. It can be create simple music or user inter-

faces.

The piezo is an electronic device that can de-

tect and generate sound. It uses two metal plates that

vibrate when electricity is sent to them. The device

can be seen as shown at right or in a small black cov-

er. When connected to arduino, it can make simple

melodies.



21/25

Audio module

Audio module

http://www.elechouse.com/elechouse/index.p

hp?main_

page=product_

info&cPath=

168_

170&products_

id=623

http://www.sparkfun.com

/commerce/product_info.p

hp

?products_

id=9534


sound

audio modules

The image on the right is a SOMO-14D audio

module. It is a tiny audio module that can play back

stored audio les from a micro-SD memory card. The

module supports 4-bit ADPCM audio les (.ad4) with

sample rates from 6kHz up to 36kHz. The compact

14-pin module takes up very minimal board space andis ideal for any application that requires embedded au-

dio.

There are several different types of audio mod-

ules that can be found on the market. Depending on

what the device needs to do, there are different op-

tions.

This audio device a little different from the one

above. It has built-in ash which has several advan-

tages: mechanical contact can be avoided, no loosen-

ing problem as with SD cards, no compatibility issues.

It is suitable for applications with vibrations. It supports

mp3 format and has a high quality stereo output.



22/25

SoundPAL

Speakers

http://listverse.c

om/page/54/?s=als

Rhttp://www.p

arallax.co

m/Store/Accessories/Sound/t

abid/164/Catego-

ryID/38/List/0/Level/a/P

roductID/482/Default.a

spx?So

rtField=ProductN

ame%2CProductName


sound

audio devices

The image on the right shows SoundPAL which

is small device that can play canned and custom

sound sequences. It is completely self-contained and

includes a micro controller which creates sounds and

a small speaker to play them. It is very easy to connect

and the programs which it needs are very simple.

A sound actuator that is more known in every-

day life is the speaker. There are speakers in all differ-

ent shapes, colors, sizes and they can be connected

to an interactive system in order to amplify the sound

effect.



23/25

directional speakers diagram

directional dome speaker

http://www.proaudio.c

om/product_info.ph

p?products

_id=4468

http://www.rockportpres

entations.com/wow-directiona

l-speakers.aspx


sound

directional speakers

Directional speakers allow sound to travel to a

specic location. The new Audio Spotlight range is a

revolutionary technology that creates sound in a nar-

row beam, just like light. Aim the at, thin speaker disc

at your desired listening area, and provide all of the

sound with none of the noise.

FP Series Focus Point Speakers are the pro-

fessionals choice for contained music and messaging.

Dual-Parabolic technology directs high-performance

sound-music, messaging, broadcast audio, sound ef-

fects, etc.-to an exact spot. New accessory modules

add motion-sensing, LED lighting, built-in amp power

and ScentAir capabilities.



24/25

nanotube speakers

sonic bed

http://www.wileywiggins.c

om/blog/?p=2424

http://www.g

izmag.c

om

/laser-activated-nanotube-spe

akers/14503/

picture/112297/


sound

embedded speakers

It is known that intense sound can be pro-

duced by electrically-powered nanotubes stretched

into sheets, but researchers from University of Texas

at Dallas (UT Dallas) have furthered this principle by

arranging sheets of carbon nanotubes into forests

which produce high-quality sound when struck withlasers.

This is an exciting advancement in the eld of

acoustics since it is thought these forests could be

used to form invisible wireless speakers that could

be embedded into walls, windows, computer screens,

cars - the list is endless.

Kaffe Matthews sonic bed contains a 12 chan-

nel sound system and a software interface that was

designed for it. The intention here is to compose mu-

sic specically for the bed.



25/25

audio bone headphones


http://www.newlaunches.com/archives/morito_

bone_

aqua_

bone_

con-

duction_

headphones.p

hp


sound


Audio Bone Headphones operate by conduct-

ing sound via the bones in your face directly to your in-

ner ear. This means you dont actually insert anything

into your ears or place anything over your ears. These

headphones connect with the bones directly in front of

your ears.

http://www.newlaunches.com/archives/morito_

bone_aqua_

bone_

con-

duction_

headphones.php

Research 1 Audio Visual Actuators 2

Documents