Reptile & Amphibian Taxonomy
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Reptile & Amphibian Taxonomy
Linnean Taxonomy
● Kingdom
– Phylum● Class
–Order● Family
● Genus● Species
Extended Taxonomy
● Class
– Subclass● Order
–Suborder● Infraorder
● Superfamily● Family
● Genus● Species
Geologic History
● Breakup began around 500 million years ago
Geologic History
● Breakup began around 200 million years ago
Habitat
Convergent Evolution
Herps
Class Reptilia
● Subclass Anapsida– Order Testudines (Turtles)
● Subclass Lepidosauria– Order Rhynchocephalia
– Order Squamata ("Scaled Reptiles")
● Subclass Archosauria– Order Crocodylia (Crocodiles and Alligators)
Class Reptilia
Order Testudines
● Suborder Cryptodira (pull head straight back)● Suborder Pleurodira (fold neck sideways)
Suborder Cryptodira
● Superfamily Testudinoidea● Superfamily Trionychoidea● Superfamily Chelonioidea
Superfamily Testudinoidea
● Family Chelydridae (Snapping Turtles)● Family Emydidae (Box and Water Turtles)● Family Geoemydidae (Pond Turtles)● Family Testudinidae (Tortoises)
Family Chelydridae
Family Geoemydidae
● Chinemys reevesii (Reeves' Pond Turtle, 남생이)
Family Emydidae
● Trachemys scripta (Red-eared Slider, 붉은귀거북)
Family Testudinidae
Superfamily Trionychoidea
● Family Dermatemydidae (River Turtles)● Family Kinosternidae (Mud and Musk Turtles)● Family Carettochelyidae (Pig-nose Turtles)● Family Trionychidae (Softshell Turtles)
Family Trionychidae
● Pelodiscus sinensis (Chinese Softshell Turtle, 자라)
Superfamily Chelonioidea
● Family Cheloniidae (Sea Turtles)● Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Turtles)
● Caretta Caretta (Loggerhead Turtle, 붉은거북)
● Chelonia mydas (Green Turtle, 바다거북)
● Dermochelys coriacea (Leatherback Turtle, 장수거북)
Suborder Pleurodira
● Family Pelomedusidae (Afro-American Sideneck Turtles)
● Family Chelidae (Austro-American Sideneck Turtles)
Subclass Lepidosauria
● Order Rhynchocephalia● Order Squamata ("scaled reptiles")
Order Rhynchocephalia
● Suborder Sphenodontida– Family Sphenodontidae (Tuataras)
Order Squamata ("scaled reptiles")
● Suborder Sauria (lizards)● Suborder Serpentes (snakes)● Suborder Amphisbaenia (amphisbaenians)
Suborder Sauria (lizards)
● Infraorder Iguania● Infraorder Gekkota● Infraorder Scincomorpha● Infraorder Diploglossa● Infraorder Platynota (Varanoidea)
Infraorder Iguania
● Family Agamidae (Agamas)
● Family Chamaeleonidae (Chameleons)
● Family Iguanidae (Iguanas)
● Family Corytophanidae (Casquehead Lizards)
● Family Crotaphytidae (Collared and Leopard Lizards)
● Family Hoplocercidae
● Family Opluridae (Madagascar iguanids)
● Family Phrynosomatidae (Earless, Spiny, Tree, Side-blotched and Horned Lizards)
● Family Polychrotidae (Anoles)
● Family Tropiduridae (Neotropical Ground Lizards)
Agamidae
Family Chamaeleonidae
Family Iguanidae
Family Crotaphytidae
Family Phrynosomatidae
Family Polychrotidae
Infraorder Gekkota
● Family Gekkonidae (Geckos)● Family Eublepharidae (Eyelid Geckos)● Family Pygopodidae (Legless Lizards)● Family Dibamidae (Blind Lizards)
● Gekko japonicus (Japanese Gecko, 도마뱀붙이)
Infraorder Scincomorpha
● Family Cordylidae (Spinytail Lizards)● Family Gerrhosauridae● Family Gymnophthalmidae (Spectacled
Lizards)● Family Teiidae (Whiptails and Tegus)● Family Lacertidae (Wall Lizards)● Family Scincidae (Skinks)● Family Xantusiidae (Night Lizards)
Family Lacertidae
● Eremias argus (Mongolian Racerunner, 표범장지뱀)
● Takydromus amurensis (Amur Grass Lizard, 아무르장지뱀)
● Takydromus aureralis (장지뱀)
● Takydromus wolteri (Wolter Lizard, 줄장지뱀)
Family Scincidae
● Eumeces Chinensis (Korean Skink, 장수도마뱀)
● Scincella huanrenensis (Huanren Dwarf Skink, 북도마뱀)
● Scincella laterale (도마뱀)
● Scincella vandenburghi (도마뱀)
Family Teiidae
Infraorder Diploglossa
● Family Anguidae (Glass Lizards and Alligator Lizards)
● Family Anniellidae (American Legless lizards)● Family Xenosauridae (Knob-scaled Lizards)
Family Anguidae
Infraorder Platynota (Varanoidea)
● Family Helodermatidae (Gila Monsters)● Family Lanthanotidae (Earless Monitor lizards)● Family Varanidae (Monitor Lizards)
Family Helodermatidae
Family Varanidae
Suborder Serpentes (snakes)
● Superfamily Typhlopoidea (Scolecophidia)● Superfamily Henophidia (Boidea)● Superfamily Xenophidia (Colubroidea =
Caenophidia)
Superfamily Typhlopoidea (Scolecophidia)
● Family Anomalepidae (Dawn Blind Snakes)● Family Typhlopidae (Blind Snakes)● Family Leptotyphlopidae/Glauconiidae (Slender
Blind Snakes)
Superfamily Henophidia (Boidea)● Family Aniliidae/Ilysiidae (Pipe Snakes)● Family Anomochilidae (Dwarf Pipe Snakes)● Family Boidae (Boas)● Family Bolyeridae (Round Island Boas)● Family Cylindrophiidae (Asian Pipe Snakes)● Family Erycinae (Sand Boas)● Family Loxocemidae (Mexican Burrowing Pythons)● Family Pythonidae (Pythons)● Family Tropidophiidae (Woodsnakes)● Family Uropeltidae (Short-tail Snakes)● Family Xenopeltidae (Sunbeam Snakes)
Family Erycinae
Family Boidae
Family Pythonidae
Superfamily Xenophidia (Colubroidea = Caenophidia)
● Family Acrochordidae (File Snakes)● Family Atractaspididae (Mole Vipers)● Family Colubridae (Colubrids)● Family Elapidae (Cobras, Kraits, Coral Snakes)● Family Hydrophiidae (Sea Snakes)● Family Viperidae (Vipers and Pit Vipers)
Family Acrochordidae
Family Colubridae
Family Colubridae
● Coluber spinalis (Slender Racer, 실뱀)
● Dinodon rufozonatus (Red Banded Odd-Tooth Snake, 능구렁이)
● Elaphe dione (Dione Ratsnake, 누룩뱀)
● Oocatochus rufodorsatus (Red Backed Ratsnake, 무자치)
● Elaphe schrenckii (Russian Ratsnake, 구렁이)
● Rhabdophis tigrinus (Tiger Keelback Snake, 꽃뱀)
● Sibynophis chinensis (Chinese Mountain Snake, )
● Sibynophis collaris (Black-Headed Snake, 비바리뱀)
● Zamenis spinalis (Tape Snake, 실뱀)
● Amphiesma vibakari (Asian Keelback snake, 대륙유혈목이)
Family Elapidae
Family Hydrophiidae
● Hydrophis cyanocinctus (Banded Sea Snake, 얼룩바다뱀)
● Hydrophis melanocepfalus (Black Headed Sea Snake, 먹대가리바다뱀)
● Pelamis platulus (Pelagic Sea Snake, 바다뱀)
Family Viperidae
● Gloydius brevicaudus (Siberian Pit Viper, Mamushi, 살모사)
● Gloydius saxatilus (Korean Magpie Viper, 까치살모사)
● Gloydius ussuriensis (Red-tongue viper, 쇠살모사)
Suborder Amphisbaenia (amphisbaenians)
● Suborder Amphisbaenia (amphisbaenians)– Family Amphisbaenidae (Worm Lizards)
– Family Trogonophidae (Shorthead Worm Lizards)
– Family Bipedidae (Two-legged Worm Lizards)
Subclass Archosauria
● Order Crocodylia– Suborder Eusuchia
● Family Crocodylidae (Crocodiles, 13 species)● Family Alligatoridae (Alligators, 8 species)● Family Gavialidae (Gharials, 2 species)
Class Amphibia
● Subclass Lissamphibia– Superorder Salientia
● Order Anura (Frogs and Toads, 5,453 species)● Order Caudata or Urodela (Salamanders and Newts, 560
species)● Order Gymnophiona or Apoda (Caecilians, 171 Species)
Order Anura
● Suborder Archaeobatrachia● Suborder Mesobatrachia● Suborder Neobatrachia
Suborder Archaeobatrachia
● Family Leiopelmatidae (Tailed Frogs and New Zealand Primitive Frogs, 6 species)
● Family Bombinatoridae (Fire-Bellied Toads, 8 species)
● Family Alytidae or Discoglossidae (Disc-Tongued Frogs, 11 species)
Family Bombinatoridae
● Bombina orientalis (Fire Bellied Toad, 무당개구리)
Suborder Mesobatrachia
● Family Megophryidae (Asian Toads, 138 species)
● Family Pelobatidae (European Spadefoot Toads, 4 species)
● Family Pelodytidae (Parsley Frogs, 3 species)
● Family Scaphiopodidae (American Spadefoot Toads, 7 species)
● Family Rhinophrynidae (Mexican Burrowing Toad, 1 species)
● Family Pipidae (Tongueless Frogs, 32 species)
Family Megophryidae
Family Scaphiopodidae
Family Pipidae
Suborder Neobatrachia
● Superfamily Bufonoidea● Superfamily Dendrobatoidea
– Family Aromobatidae
– Family Dendrobatidae
● Superfamily Hyloidea● Superfamily Microhyloidea● Superfamily Ranoidea
Suborder Neobatrachia
● Family Aromobatidae (94 species)
● Family Arthroleptidae (Squeker Frogs, 133 species)
● Family Brachycephalidae (41 species)
● Family Bufonidae (True Toads, 514 species)
● Family Centrolenidae (147 species)
● Family Dendrobatidae (Poison Arrow Frogs, 53 species)
● Family Heleophrynidae (6 species)
Family Arthroleptidae
Family Bufonidae
● Bufo gargarizans (Asian toad, 두꺼비)
● Bufo stejnegeri (Water toad, 물두꺼비)
Family Dendrobatidae
Suborder Neobatrachia
● Family Hemisotidae (9 species)
● Family Hylidae (Treefrogs, 856 species)
● Family Hyperoliidae (207 species)
● Family Leptodactylidae (1100 species)*
● Family Limnodynastidae (44 species)
● Family Mantellidae (Mantellas, 174 species)
● Family Microhylidae (Narrow Mouth Frogs, 431 species)
Family Hylidae
● Hyla japonica (Japanese treefrog, 청개구리)
● Hyla suweonenssis (Suweon treefrog, 수원청개구리)
Family LeptodactylidaeEleutherodactylus
Coqui
Family Microhylidae
● Kaloula borealis (Narrow-mouth toad, 맹꽁이)
Family Mantellidae
Suborder Neobatrachia
● Family Myobatrachidae (83 species)
● Family Petropedetidae (16 species)
● Family Ranidae (True Frogs, 329 species)
● Family Rhacophoridae (Moss Frogs, 290 species)
● Family Rhinodermatidae (1 species)
● Family Sooglossidae (5 species)
Family Myobatrachidae
Family Ranidae
● Rana coreana (Amur brown Frog, 아무르산개구리)
● Rana huarenensis (Stream brown frog, 계곡산개구리)
● Rana dybowskii (Dybowski's Brown Frog, 북방산개구리)
● Pelophylax nigromaculata (Black-spotted Pond Frog, 참개구리)
● Pelophylax chosenicus (Gold-spotted pond frog, 금개구리)
● Lithobates catesbeianus (Bullfrog, 황소개구리)
● Glandirana emeljanovi (Wrinkled Frog, 옴개구리)
Family Rhacophoridae
Order Caudata
● Suborder Cryptobranchoidea (Giant Salamanders)
● Suborder Salamandroidea (Advanced Salamanders)
● Suborder Sirenoidea (Sirens)
Suborder Cryptobranchoidea
● Family Cryptobranchidae (Giant salamanders, 4 species)
● Family Hynobiidae (Asiatic salamanders, 50 species)
Family Hynobiidae
● Hynobius leachii (Korea Salamander, 도룡뇽)
● Hynobius quelpartensis (Cheju Salamander, 제주도롱뇽)
● Hynobius yangi (Kori Salamander, 고리도롱뇽)
● Onychodactylus fischeri (Long Tailed Clawed Salamander, 꼬리치레도롱뇽)
Suborder Salamandroidea
● Family Ambystomatidae (Mole salamanders, 32 species)
● Family Amphiumidae (Amphiumas and Congo Eels, 3 species)
● Family Dicamptodontidae (Pacific Giant Salamanders, 4 species)
● Family Plethodontidae (Lungless salamanders, 380 species)
● Family Proteidae (Mudpuppies and Olms, 6 species)
● Family Rhyacotritonidae (Torrent Salamanders, 4 species)
● Family Salamandridae (Newts and True Salamanders, 74 species)
Family Ambystomatidae
Family Plethodontidae
● Karsenia koreana (Korean Crevice Salamander, 이끼도롱뇽)
Family Salamandridae
Suborder Sirenoidea
● Family Sirenidae (Sirens, 4 species)
Order Gymnophiona
● Family Rhinatrematidae (Beaked Caecilians, 9 species)
● Family Ichthyophiidae (Fish Caecilians, 39 species)
● Family Uraeotyphlidae (Indian Caecilians, 5 species)
● Family Scolecomorphidae (Tropical Caecilians, 6 species)
● Family Typhlonectidae (Aquatic Caecilians 13 species)
● Family Caeciliidae (Common Caecilians, 99 species)
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