Reproduction of Animal

8/6/2019 Reproduction of Animal

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REPRODUCTION

(PERKEMBANG BIAKAN )


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REPRODUCTION IS THE PROCESS OF

GENERATING OFFSPRING, SO THAT A

LIVING THING CAN PRESERVE

( MEMPERBANYAK ) ITS SPECIES

REPRODUCTION(PERKEMBANG BIAKAN )


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1. ANIMAL REPRODUCTION

y There are 2 animal reproduction

y a. Generative reproduction ( sexual )

y b. Vegetative reproduction ( asexual )

a. Generative reproduction

-occurs through the egg fertilization by sperm

- egg is produced by female(perempuan)- sperm is produced by male(laki-laki)


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Based on the location animal fertilization divided into

internal fertilization and external fertilization

a. Internal Fertilization

- occur inside the female body

Ex : Bird, mammal, reptile


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b. External fertilization

- occur outside the female body

Ex : frog , fish

Poison Arrow FrogFound in the rain forests of

Central and South America,

poison arrow frogs (also known

as poison dart frogs) are often

brightly colored to ward off

predators. The frogs secrete a

powerful toxin used by nativepeoples to poison the tips of

arrows. Pictured is Dendrobates

azureus of South America.


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y Red-Eyed Leaf Frogy The red-eyed leaf frog is one of the many species of rain forest tree frogs that

have adhesive toe pads. This modification of the toes of the front and hind legsallows these small frogs to adhere to the undersides of leaves and to crawl up

the vertical surfaces of tree trunks and other surfaces with relative ease. After

mating, the female deposits her eggs on the underside of a leaf that overhangs

the water. As the eggs hatch, the tadpoles fall into the relative safety of the

water below and swim away.


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y Leopard Frog Diving

y The leopard frogs long, muscular hind legs are adapted for jumpingand swimming. Its webbed hind feet also help the frog move through

the water. Found throughout North America, leopard frogs can be

recognized by the numerous black or brown spots on their skin.


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y Butterfly Fishy The butterfly fish is a member of the order Perciformes, the largest

order of bony fishes. Hundreds of species of butterfly fish are found on

coral reefs around the world.Fast and flexible, they can dart quicklyinto coral crevices to avoid predators and chase after food items. Most

species of butterfly fish are brightly colored and patterned, with one or

more false eyespots on the fins. This type of coloration serves to

disrupt the outline of the body against the background of the coral reef,

making it difficult for predators to detect them.


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y Devilfishy

The devilfish, or manta ray, is the largest species of ray, growing to awidth of at least 6 m (20 ft) and a weight of over 750 kg (1500 lb). In

spite of its large size, the devilfish is a filter feeder, straining planktonic

organisms and small fish out of the water with its wide, gaping mouth.

Unlike other types of rays, the devilfish lacks a spine on its tail.


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y Swordfishy Swordfish live in temperate and tropical seas throughout the world. They remain near the

waters surface during the day, diving to deep waters to feed, chiefly on smaller fishes. A

swordfish typically swims through a school of mackerel, haddock, or other fish swinging

its sharp-edged, swordlike snout from side to side to stun its prey. It then turns around

and swims back through the school to feed, swallowing the prey whole in its toothless

mouth. A swordfish may also impale its prey.


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Generation reproduction can be done in three ways,

namely laying eggs, giving birth, and laying-eggs

and giving birth

a. Laying eggs / oviparous ( bertelur)

- Internal or external fertilization

- Fertilization by sperm to eggs is producing zygote andthen grow to be embryo

- Development from zygote,embryo until complete

individual occurs outside the parents body

Ex : chicken,birds,frogs, fish, and insect

The fertilized egg (chicken and bird ) is covered and

protected by shell and an egg yolk as a food supply for

embryo.After embryo to be complete individual so the

egg will hatch(menetas)


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But fish, frog ,and insect the fertilized egg is not

protected by shell

Crocodile BirdThe crocodile bird, or Egyptian plover, is

a noisy African shorebird. It lays its eggs

on sandbars and completely covers them

with sand to protect the chicks fromextreme heat.

Gray Partridge

Native to Europe and AsiaHens lay up to 20 olive-colored

eggs in poorly defined nests in

bushes or tall grass.


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b. Giving birth/viviparous ( melahirkan)

- Internal fertilization

- The fertilized egg by sperm produce zygote( cell )after that to be embryo , and then to be fetus

( janin ) inside female body ( womb / rahim )

- Embryo and fetus get food from mother throughplacenta ( tali ari ) .

Ex : cat, lion ,and cow .


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Two Human Sperm CellsThe small capsule-shaped head of the

sperm cell contains the chromosome

contribution from the male. The whiplike

tail helps to propel the sperm celltoward the egg, where fertilization takes

place

Zygote

A fertilized egg is called azygote. When the zygote

begins to divide it becomes

an embryo.


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1.Human Fetus

2.Egg Cell


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2. Vegetative animal reproduction

y a. bud formation (pembentukan tunas )

- be signed by the emerging (pemunculan ) of bud onthe side of the parents body

- if the bud have been bigger so it will remove(terlepas ) from its parents body after that it willattach (menempel ) to the bottom( dasar )of water

Ex : Hydra (hydra)

sea anemones (anemon laut)


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y

Green Hydray the hydra captures small organisms from the surrounding

water. It is often found in colonies of many individuals. Thehydra is capable of regenerating lost body parts, even incases where the injury has been extensive.


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y Gray Snakelocks Anemoney The gray snakelocks anemone, sometimes called the pink-tip, is related

to the jellyfish, corals, and hydroids. Although sea anemones can move,they do not actively pursue prey but rather capture fish, shrimp, orother invertebrates that swim past or fall on them from above. The seaanemones color results from the presence of a symbiotic algae, calledzooxanthellae, living in the anemones body tissues.


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y Red Sea Anemoney Sometimes mistaken for plants, sea anemones are true animals that kill

prey with their poisonous tentacles.

y Marine biologists believe some sea anemones can live 100 years orlonger.


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y Shrimp and Sea Anemone


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b. Fragmentation (fragmentasi)

-occur in the parents body break into two parts

- Each of the parts will grow into new individuals

Ex : flatworm ( cacing tanah )


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y Blood Flukes

y Planariany The planarian is a type of flatworm found on the bottom of freshwater

lakes and streams and in certain moist land-habitats. They haveremarkable regenerative abilities: A planarian cut in half lengthwisewill regenerate into two whole worm


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y Turbellarian

a large class of ribbon-shaped flatworms found primarily

on the bottoms of oceans.- Amoeba Engulfing a Paramecium


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Amoeba Reproduction

1. Amoeba stops moving and rounds

off.

2. The nucleus begins to divide.

3. The nucleus has divided and the

cytoplasm starts to constrict.

4 & 5 The constriction continues to dividethe cytoplasm.

6. The daughter amoebae separate. This

is a form of asexual reproduction

called binary fission.

This is a form of asexual reproduction called binary fission.


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Refrensi :

-Science For Elementary School Year VI, Yudhistira

-Microsoft Encantra

-http://www.biology-resources.com/drawing-amoeba-reproduction.html


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Answer the questions tugas 2.3 and tugas 2.4

page 26 and 27Sains books by haryanto

Write on your exercise book !

Reproduction of Animal

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