Reproduction and Reproduction and Development Development
Reproduction and Reproduction and DevelopmentDevelopment
Reproductive systemReproductive system
Production of sex cells is controlled Production of sex cells is controlled by hormonesby hormones
In humansIn humans– Internal fertilizationInternal fertilization– Internal developmentInternal development
Gamete ProductionGamete Production
In females it occurs in the ovariesIn females it occurs in the ovaries In males it occurs in the testesIn males it occurs in the testes It is regulated by hormonesIt is regulated by hormones
Female Reproductive Female Reproductive SystemSystem
OvariesOvaries– EggsEggs– EstrogenEstrogen– ProgesteroneProgesterone
Fallopian tubesFallopian tubes– Site of fertilizationSite of fertilization
UterusUterus– Site of developmentSite of development
Cervix and Birth Cervix and Birth CanalCanal
Male Reproductive SystemMale Reproductive System
TestesTestes EpididymisEpididymis Vas DeferensVas Deferens Prostate GlandProstate Gland Cowper’s Gland Cowper’s Gland Seminal VesiclesSeminal Vesicles
SpermSperm
HeadHead– EnzymesEnzymes– DNADNA
BodyBody– MitochondriaMitochondria
TailTail– LocomotionLocomotion
Hormones Hormones
Testosterone: Development of male Testosterone: Development of male secondary sex characteristics secondary sex characteristics
Estrogen: Development of female Estrogen: Development of female secondary sex characteristicssecondary sex characteristics
Progesterone: along with estrogen, Progesterone: along with estrogen, helps prepare uterine wall for helps prepare uterine wall for pregnancy. Maintains uterine lining pregnancy. Maintains uterine lining during pregnancy (pregnancy during pregnancy (pregnancy hormone)hormone)
Hormonal Regulation of Hormonal Regulation of ReproductionReproduction
Hormones regulate Hormones regulate the menstrual the menstrual cyclecycle
Estrogen thickens Estrogen thickens the uterine wallthe uterine wall
Progesterone Progesterone maintains that maintains that lininglining
Menstrual CycleMenstrual Cycle
Ovulation: Release Ovulation: Release of the eggof the egg
Corpus Luteum: Corpus Luteum: Yellow body, Yellow body, temporary temporary endocrine endocrine structure, produces structure, produces progesteroneprogesterone
Cycle repeats itself Cycle repeats itself every 28 days.every 28 days.
FertilizationFertilization
If sperm are If sperm are present fertilization present fertilization will occur in the will occur in the fallopian tube.fallopian tube.
Zygote starts to Zygote starts to develop and develop and implant itself in the implant itself in the uterine wall.uterine wall.
This is controlled This is controlled by hormones alsoby hormones also
Early DevelopmentEarly Development
FertilizationFertilization Zygote Zygote Embryo (3 Embryo (3rdrd week week to 8to 8thth week) week) Fetus (8 weeks to birth) Fetus (8 weeks to birth)
DevelopmentDevelopment
PlacentaPlacenta Umbilical cordUmbilical cord
6 weeks6 weeks
4 Months4 Months
The First Few MonthsThe First Few Months
The first few months are most criticalThe first few months are most critical– Cells differentiateCells differentiate– Organs formOrgans form
Toxins from mother can affect Toxins from mother can affect developmentdevelopment– AlcoholAlcohol– TobaccoTobacco– DrugsDrugs
Development ContinuesDevelopment Continues
After birth, cell differentiation and After birth, cell differentiation and development continues to adulthood.development continues to adulthood.
During adulthood, structures age.During adulthood, structures age. Organism weakens and dies.Organism weakens and dies.
Reproductive TechnologiesReproductive Technologies
Artificial Artificial inseminationinsemination
CloningCloning CryopreservationCryopreservation Embryo TransferEmbryo Transfer