REPRIEVE 15/15 100% A 14/15 93.3% A 13/15 86.7% B 12/15 80.0% B 11/15 73.3% C 10/15 66.7% D 9/15 60.0% D 8/15 53.3% F 7/15 46.7% F 6/15 40.0% F 5/15 33.3%

REPRIEVE

• 15/15 100% A

• 14/15 93.3% A• 13/15 86.7% B• 12/15 80.0% B• 11/15 73.3% C• 10/15 66.7% D• 9/15 60.0% D• 8/15 53.3% F• 7/15 46.7% F• 6/15 40.0% F• 5/15 33.3% F• 4/15 26.7% F• 3/15 20.0% F• 2/15 13.3% F• 1/15 06.7% F

THE BAD NEWS• Some of you did the wrong questions.• Some of you lost easy points for not answering in

complete sentences.• Some of you did not turn in the assignment

altogether.

THE GOOD NEWS• You have another shot.• If you correct your wrong answers and/or if you re-

write the answers in complete sentences, I will add those points back to your assignment.

• If you did not turn it in altogether, I will give you half-credit for turning it in at the next class.

Reprieve: \ri-`prēv\ 1 : a formal temporary suspension of the execution of a sentence especially of death 2 : a temporary respite (as from pain or trouble)

THE RULES• Your current grades are recorded in the gradebook.• If you are satisfied with your current grade, then you

don’t have to do anything.• If you choose to make corrections, then write them

on a new sheet of paper. You only need to re-write the questions you missed.

• Staple your new answers on top of your old answers and turn them in together.

• This is due at the beginning of the next class.• Page 214

Main Ideas: 1-3, 5-10 Critical Thinking: 2-5

Chapter 10: A Blending of CulturesSection 2: Central America and the Caribbean

Chapter 10, Section 2• Lecture

– History of Central America

• Nations of the World: Central America• Lecture

– History & culture of Caribbean– Economics

• Tourism Project• Music of the Caribbean• Post-test• Closure

Objectives

• By the end of class today, you should be able to do the following:

1. Describe the history of Central America & the Caribbean.

2. Identify the cultural blends in the region.3. Describe the economic conditions in the

region4. Discuss the elements of Caribbean music.

Central America & the Caribbean

Central America & the Caribbean

• Region has been subject to outside interference– Colonization– Panama Canal– Banana Republics

Lecture topic 1:History of Central America

Central American countries

Central America

• Central America is a “cultural hearth”• A place from which important ideas spread

Mayans

• The Mayans ruled southern Mexico and Central America

• Culture rose to prominence around the year 250• By the 800’s, the Mayans abandoned their cities

Mayans

• Mayan culture was highly developed• Only written language in Americas

before Columbus arrived• Complex cities, government, math

and calendar

Tikal Pyramids

Tikal Pyramids

Tikal Pyramids

Central America

• Pre-Columbian:– Ruled by Aztecs and some smaller

tribes

• Spanish arrive and conquer the Aztecs, winning control over all of Central America

The Spanish in Central America

• Spanish governed the region from Mexico• Central America wins independence, then

breaks apart into current countries

1822: Empire of Mexico

Nations of the World:Central America

• Watch the video, answering the questions as you go

• Answers will be due at the end of the movie

Lecture topic 2:Caribbean history & culture

Caribbean Islands

• Many European countries claimed Caribbean islands

• Europeans brought African slaves• Resultantly, Caribbean has native,

European and African influences

Colonial Mosaic

• Europeans claiming Caribbean islands:– Spanish– French– British– Dutch– Danish

• Mostly there for the sugar trade

Caribbean Independence

• Individual colonies declared independence at different times

• Began with a slave revolt in Haiti in the 1790’s• Jamaica and Trinidad & Tobago got

independence from Great Britain in 1962

Colonialism & Independence

Culture of the Caribbean

• Residents of the islands are descended from:– Europeans– Africans– Native Islanders– mixed ancestry

Culture of the Caribbean

Culture of the Caribbean

• African influences are dominant in Caribbean– Music– Village Life– Markets– Choice of crops

Religions of the Caribbean

• Caribbean religions are the most diverse in Latin America– Catholic– Protestant– Santeria– Voodoo– Rastafarianism

Lecture topic 3:Economics of Central America &

the Caribbean

Economics

• Generally poor region• Contributing factors:

– Legacy of colonialism– Unstable agriculture market– Exportation of resources

Population density

• Central America & Caribbean have between 30-40 million people each– Central America is mostly rural– Caribbean is mostly urban

Caribbean farming & trade

• Sugar cane is the largest export crop• Other crops:

– Bananas– Citrus fruits– Coffee– Spices

Cent. America farming & trade

• Main source of income is farming– 10% of world’s coffee– 10% of world’s bananas

• Trade from the Panama Canal

Fair Trade

Panama Canal

Panama Canal

Tourism & the Informal Economy

• High unemployment in the region• Tourism is a growing industry• People also find jobs in the “informal economy”

Topic 4:Music of the Caribbean

Music of the Caribbean• Jazz: big bands, nearly lost after rise

of Communism• Reggae: deals with social problems

and religion• Calypso: steel drums and guitars,

improvised lyrics

Afro-Cuban Jazz

• Cuba in the 1920’s-1950’s was a social hotspot

• Cuban Jazz nearly disappeared after the Cuban Revolution

• African rhythms, cool melodies & breezy lyrics

• Buena Vista Social Club• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JEdf7XsV5g

Reggae

• Music developed in Jamaica in the 1960’s

• Combination of ska, rock’n’roll, R&B and jazz

• Bob Marley– Songs were political,

religious• Get up, Stand up

– Founder of Rastafarianism

Calypso• Style of music with African

rhythms and French melody patterns

• Common instrument is a steel pan drum

• In colonial times, the music developed political themes

• Developed into a way of spreading news among an illiterate population

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2DUXVAg7oWg GMA

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2eN4_WKeFXc UTS

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jpg-KIKD5gU BBS

Post-testA. Panama Canal B. cultural health C. calypso

D. United Provinces of Central America E. reggae

1. Music that combines elements from Africa, Spain, and the United States

2. A region that declared it independence from Mexico in 1823

3. Jamaican music that deals with social problems and religion

4. Place of origin of a major culture5. Connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans

Closure• Briefly describe the history of Central America• Briefly describe the history of the Caribbean• What are the cultural blends in the region?• What are the economic conditions of the

Caribbean and Central America?• What is Caribbean music like?• NEXT TIME: Spanish Speaking South America• NEXT TIME: Please read Chapter 10, Section 3