Reporting Category I

Human OriginsAnd

Early Civilizations

Reporting Category I

- Hunter Gatherer societies lived during the OLD Stone Age (PALEOLITHIC ERA)

- They were NOMADIC, migrating in search of FOOD and WATER.- Learned how to make and use FIRE.- Created the first tools out of ROCK and BONE- Lived in small groups known as CLANS- Developed an ORAL language- Created “CAVE” art

Characteristics of Hunter Gatherer

Societies

- PERMANENT societies (villages) developed in the NEOLITHIC Era (NEW Stone Age)

- Developed AGRICULTURE (domesticated plants)

- DOMESTICATED animals- Used ADVANCED tools- Made POTTERY- Developed WEAVING skills

Neolithic Communities

- Archeologist study past cultures by looking at HUMAN remains, settlements, FOSSILS, and ARTIFACTS.

- Use tests such as RADIO CARBON DATING- STONEHENGE, in England, was begun in the

NEOLITHIC AGE, and finished in the BRONZE AGE

- ALEPPO and JERICHO were early cities in the FERTILE CRESCENT

- CATALHOYUK is an early city in Anatolia or ASIA MINOR

Archeological Discoveries lead to Knowledge

Early Cities and Archeological Sites

STONEHENGE ALEPPO

JERICHO CATALHOYUK

- POLYTHEISM was practiced by most early civilizations

- Mesopotamia: Angry, Vengeful Gods

- Egypt: Happy AFTERLIFE- Pyramids: Tombs for

PHAROAHS- PHAROAHS: GOD KINGS

- MONOTHEISM was practiced by the HEBREWS

Development of Religious Traditions

- ABRAHAM: 1st Covenant (PROMISE) with God

From MesopotamiaHoly Land – Canaan – Promised by

God- Moses: Led Hebrews out of EGYPT- JERUSALEM: Holy city of Hebrews- MONOTHEISTIC: Belief in one God- TORAH: Holy Book of Judaism- The moral and religious code of conduct for

Judaism is the TEN COMMANDEMENTS

JUDAISM

DIASPORA: The Jews were exiled (kicked out of) from Israel in 587 BCE by the Babylonians

Spread of Judaism

Early Forms of Writing

CUNEIFORM HEIROGLYPHICS

ORACLE BONES

STAMPS & SEALSPHOENICIAN

ALPHABET

- Practiced a policy of TOLERANCE towards conquered people: CYRUS

- Developed IMPERIAL Bureaucracy- Constructed a Road System: The

ROYAL Road- ZOROASTRIANISM – Religion of

Persian Empire- - MONOTHEISTIC- - TWO opposing forces in the universe

- Good vs. EVIL

The Persian Empire

- Physical Barriers such as the HIMALAYAS, the HINDU KUSH, and the INDIAN

OCEAN made invasion difficult.- The INDUS and GANGES Rivers were the

two most important rivers in the Indian Subcontinent

- Mountain passes in the HINDU KUSH allowed for MIGRATION in the Indian Subcontinent (ARYANS)

- Early Cities included MOHENJO-DARO and HARAPPA

- - Planned Cities (GRID Systems)- - PLUMBING

Early India

Early Indus River Valley Cities

MOHENJO DARO HARAPPA

- ARYANS: Invaders that entered through the KHBYER PASS and settled in the Indus River Valley

- CASTE SYSTEM: rigid social structure that influenced all social interactions and choices of occupations

- MAURYAN Empire: ASOKA- Continued political Unification of India- Contributions

- - Spread of BUDDHISM- - Free Hospitals- - Roads

India – Aryans, Mauryan Dynasty

- GOLDEN AGE of classical Indian Culture

- HINDUISM- Contributions

- Math (concept of Zero) - Medical Advances - Astronomy

- New Textiles- Literature

India – Gupta Dynasty

- Belief in many forms of one god- REINCARNATION: Rebirth based on

Karma- KARMA: Belief that your thoughts

and actions result in future consequences

- Sacred writings of Hinduism are the VEDAS and the UPANISHADS

- Spread along major trade routes

HINDUISM

- Founder was Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha)

- FOUR NOBLE Truths- EIGHTFOLD Path- ASOKA’S missionaries and their writings spread Buddhism from India to other countries in Asia

Buddhism

- The SILK ROAD facilitated trade and contact between China and other cultures as far away as Rome

- Contributions of Classical China- Civil Service System- Paper- Silk- Porcelain

Chinese Contributions

Classical Chinese Contributions

PAPER SILK

PORCELAIN

CIVIL SERVICE

- Belief that humans are GOOD, not Evil

- Respect for ELDERS (Filial Piety)- Code of POLITENESS (still used today)

- Emphasis on EDUCATION- ANCESTOR Worship- FIVE Relationships

Confucianism and Chinese Social Order

- Belief in Humility- Simple Life and Inner Peace- Harmony with NATURE- YIN and YANG: Represent Opposing Forces in Nature- Symbol used in Taoism &

Confucianism- Chinese forms of BUDDHISM spread throughout Asia

Taoism and Chinese Culture and Values