Report on Visit to John Bedini - FreeNRG infofreenrg.info/TESLA/Tesla_Switch/report_on_4_battery_switch.pdf · him the circuit and that he doesn't even know why it was called the

“Report on Visit to John Bedini” With Comments by Tom Bearden

And Additional Experiments with Eike Mueller

Available for download at: http://www.esmhome.org/library/john-bedini/index.html

These comments by Peter Lindemann are posted at http://www.energeticforum.com/renewable-energy

08-24-2007, 12:00 PM Steven, I spoke with John this morning concerning your request for a copy of the Eike Mueller Report. He has no problem with me posting it, but also said he would not be commenting on it in this forum, or anywhere else. He said he agrees with us, that Ron Brandt showed him the circuit and that he doesn't even know why it was called the Tesla Switch. I'll scan the document into a .pdf file over the weekend and get Aaron to show me how to post it. Peter 08-26-2007, 01:27 PM Steven, I scanned the report and sent it over to Aaron. He will post it in this forum so everyone can download it. Its now in .pdf format. I scanned the file exactly as I have it. The font it was originally printed in is a little hard to read, and the pictures are pretty dark, being a copy of a copy. Some pages are not straight, as I have made no effort to clean it up. When I spoke to John, he told me that getting the circuit to work is a real pain. The circuit controller must be able to produce a perfect 50%-50% flip-flop. The "cigar box" unit used Ni-Cad batteries, which is why they are labeled as 5 volts (4 x 1.25 volts each). The final working model used the 2N5885 transistor instead of the 2N3055H as listed. The control chip was the SG 3524 instead of the SG 3984 as listed. The system switched slowly, at no more that 20 CPS. That's it. Have fun. Peter

| -: i ' : iI q . ,

| ;''l/II

l EM/40e031

Report on

Visit to John Bedini

With Comments by Tom Bearden

And Additional Experiments by Eike Mueller

3 September 1984

By: Eike Mueller

i ,

E i t . t l u . l l e r V I S I T T O J O H N B E D I N I I 3 / 1 I A U C , 8 I P . 9 e

F O R E L , O R D

F o l l o w l n g . n l n v i t . t l o n b y J o h n E e d i n i , I . , e n t w i t h h i E t o L o i A n 9 . l r 6

i D D € d i r t . l t r f t G r t h e C o l o r r d o S p r i n g 5 T G 5 l . S y E p o s i u E o n l 0 - t 2 A ! 9 u s t

1 9 8 4 . V e h . d t w o d r y i t o g . t h e ! t o w o r l o n t h e X r o D r e t C o n v e r t . r r n d

t h . T . 5 l r S w i t c h i n o 0 e e i c . .

O n . t h i n g c r D e o u t v e r t c l e . r l y r e y . r y t i D . e r h e n ! , € l o c t e d i n t o t h e

" I r e ! e r l e r g y " . l l c o E E o n l y t n o v r n p h y s i c r l l a * 5 a ! ! n o l o n g e r v . l i d .

T h e t h i n 9 5 h . p p e n i n g r € . c t d i r . c t I t o p p o 5 i t . t o w h . t o n . r r o u l d . r p . c t .S p c c i t i c . l l y t h . D o r e w € l o r d € d . s p e c i f i c c i r c u i t , t h e E o r e o u t p u I

e n e r q y e € g r i n e d , w h i l e u s l n g r c o n r t r n t i n p u t e n . r g y l e v . l . I w i l l

c o l A e b a c l t o t h i s e f { e c t l r t e r , w h e n I d e s c r i b e t h e € ! p e r i b e n t g i n

l o o r e d € l . i l s .

A t t h i s p o i n t I w ! n t t o t r t e t h e o p p o r t u n i t y . n d t h a n t J o h n B e d i n i . n d

h i E l o v c l y t i l e f o r t h e i r h o s p i t . l i t y . n d a s s i s t a n c € I t t a k e 5 p e r 5 o n g

l i t . J o h n t o g e t t h e " f r e e e n e r g y " r o l l i n g U i t h o ! t h i s p u b l i c . t i o n

t l ) o f t h e d e t a r l e d p l d n s l o r h i e f r c e e n e r g y d e v l c e , u r e w o u l d d e t i n i -t ! l y n o t h . v e s e e n t h e l r e a e n e ! g y d e v i c e s d e o o n s t r a t e d d u r i n q t h e

T e s l a S y D p o s i u E

l l s o E r n y t h . n k 5 t o T o n B e a r d e n , w h o t o o k h l s t l o e . n d € t p l r i n e d t h e

! r s u l t s o f t h e l e 5 t s p e r I o r b e d o n l 3 - l q A u g u s t 1 9 8 { H r s c o n o e n t s r r e

c o n t . i n c d i n t h e c o D c l u d i n d . h r n t p r d f l h r c r e n o r t

X r o n r C y C o n v e r t e r

J o h n B r d i n i t o u n d t h r t t h eF r o D r ! t ' r C o n v e r t e r h e d b e e nI r o D t h . p . t e I l t p . p e r r e n d e dI o u n d t h e n € c e s 5 a r y D o d i f i c . t

E . t r r l . l g e n r r e . l l y r v . l l r b l c c o n c c r n i n g

. l t e r e d . R e b u i l d i n g t h ! X r o D t e t C o n v e r t e r

u p i n . n o n - f u n c t i o n i n g d e r i c ! . B € d i n i

i o n 5 w h i c h n a d e t h i s E . c h i n . D e r ( o r E .

O u r t i r s t g o . l w . s t o d e t e r b i n . t h e c o I l v e r t . r ' s e l I i c i € n c t . V . t o u n dt h i f t o b e q u i t e d l l l i c u l t r s t h e e l t i c i e n c y c h . n g e s w i t h t h e l o a dr p p l i . d .

t I C U n E [ - t 5 h o w s t h e f i r s t s e t u p w . u s c d . V e d r o v e t h e X r o E r e t C o n e e r -t r r l r o E . l 2 V b o t o r c t c l e b r t t e r t . L l e c o n n e c t e d . t t h e o u t p u t o I t h ec o n v . r t e r l c o n d c n 5 e ! . n d r n d r r a c t i f i e r b r i d g a i n p a r r l l ! l - T h er c c t i l i . d c u r r . n t w r s t h e n p u t b . c L i n t o t h ! D o t o r c t c l r b . t t r r t . T od c t e c t . n t c u ! r e n t f l o t , 9 , w e c o n n e c t i n t o t h e p 0 5 i t i y a l i n . r l 2 V

I i g h t b u l b .

T h r r . t q l t o l t h i s t e s t w r s t h r t t h . l i g h t b u l b r r . s l i t u p . H o l r c e . r ,r l t . r l 5 E i n u t . s t h e b . t t e r t e o l t . g G h . d d r o p p e d ( r o D l l 0 5 V t o 9 . 1 0V . T h . t p e e d o f t h e c o n v e r t e r w . 5 r t . b l . . t 1 0 2 0 r p n .

t l l ' l . d i D i ' t I r . . l ! . r 9 t C . [ ! r r l o r ' I t J o l ! l . d i ! i , T . r l r l o o l t o r p t ! t , l l i l l ! r r . , C r l i l o r ! i r l t l l

I l t e l l u . l I . r V I S I T T O J O H N E E D I N I , 3 / I { A U C t l P r g . - z

t I C U n E [ _ r

XROI{R EY C OXVE RTE R

TEST S ETUP

-----t

SFEEO OF CONVERTER: t7 RpS.U O L T A G I A T B E G ! N N I I . { 6 j 1 t . O S V R F T E R I S T I H U T E S . 9 . I O U

i l . . ; l ; , i : : j l ; : ' " ; ; " : : l : :0 " " "0 : seper r re b . t rer , (B^r rERy ,2 , ) ror

: ; , ; : ' : : : : ; : " j ' : : ; : : : ; i : ; , j , ; : , l : , ; , , ; j : j : , , : " ; " : j1h ,n { u inu, rs ,

A E D I N I , TUELLER

| (ROI{REY O

-1-)

13 FUGUST

F I C U R E [ - 2

XROHR EY C ONV E RTER

S E T U P Z

coruoENS.

CHNRGI I.IG OF BATTERY 12 VIAv o L T R G e B n I T . 1 2 , r 2 , 3 5 U ,

ArP. f i€TER TNDICRTEO 9. 94KROfiREY CONVERTER AI.IO ARTTERY

FI. IO AFTER 4 f i INUTES: rA.4O 9

I

R

t l

t i L . H u e l l e r V I S I T T O J O H N B E D I N I I 3 / 1 { A U C , E ' P a g .

P I C T U R E C - l . l s h o w s t h . 5 . c o n d t . E t s e t u D 0 n t h . l . ( t s i d G l s t h eK r o D r e y C o n v . r t e r , p o w a r a d b y r n c l e c t ! i c E o t o r ( c e n t e r ) . E . t t e r y t Z

i s t h e b r t t e r y i n t h . f r o n t ( c € n t . r r i g h t ) r n d b r t t e r t t l i r t h . o n .b e h i n d i t T h . v o l t o c t . r s h o w s t h e v o l t e g e o f b r t t e r t t 2 T h . l ? Vl i g h t b u l b i 5 o n t h G t e b l r i n ( r o n t o l b r t t e r y t ?

P I C T U R E C - I

KR O} IR E Y CONVERTER

S E C O N D T E S T S E T U P

B e c r u s e t h ! X r o E r e td . c i d e d l o d ! i v ec o n n e c t ! d i n s e r i c s

C o 1 1 v e r t e ! t u r n e d t o o s l o w o n o n et h . C o n v e r t e r u s i n g 2 { V v i e t w oP I C T U R I C - l . l s h o w : t h i . r r t u e .

l ? V b . t t e r y , w €l Z V b r t t e r i e s ,

P I C T U R E C - I

f , l k . H u e l l c r

N . r t w . w e n t e d

b . t t e r t l 2 u 5 r n 9

b . t t . r t ! , l i t h t h €

c o n n e c t . d i t t o

D a r 5 u r c d t h c t

l r v c l o l l t . 5 l

l 1 D i n u t c 5 . T h .

V I S I T T O J O H N 8 [ D I N I I 3 / I I I U C g { P a g e - 4

t o l i n d a c o r r e l a t i o n b € t w e e n t h e n o r E . l c h . r g i n g o lr c o D b . r c i . l b r t t e r t c h r r g e r , . n d c h . ! 9 i n g t h i s s r m €

X r o D r e t C o n e . r t . r . V e d r . i n e d t h e b . t t e r t l ? t o I V ,

t h e X r o D r € t C o n v c r t e r , . n d r f t e r r e . c h i n g l l . 5 1 V , w e

i D e i t t o o L t o c h . r g a t h e b r t t . r y { r 0 6 t h i J v o l t r g .

V t o l 2 . q S V . \ , 1 . r e e c h c d t h i r y o l t . g . ( l ? . { 5 V ) r f l e r

i n d i c . t r d c u r r e n t i n t o t h . b r t t e r y w . s 0 . t { A .

V . t h . n r r p e a t e d t h e ; c s t e p s u s i n g t h € c o r l l l e r c i . l b . t t c r t c h . r 9 . r -

E r c i u s . ! , a r r n o u t o f t i D . a f t r r n ! a r l t ? h o u r 9 , w e d i e c o n n c c t e d t h .

b r t t e r t f r o D t h e c h r ( g e r . T h e b . t t G r y v o l t a g e h a d r c r c h e d 1 1 . 4 1 V . T h e

b . . s ! ! e E c n t i s d e D i c t e d i n F I C U R E X - 3

S T O I N I ' I 1 L I E L L E R 1 3 F L I G L I S T A 4 T E S T I 3

(ROI.1 REY OEtJICE

c011PflRts0l '{COII IEtlIIOII RL

11 ERSUREIIEI,I 1 USII] 6Dn lT r0vu n I t L n I

|JOLTffGE,

/ 1 l t f , f a r a ,u n t ! r r L t l

F I C U R E X - 3

0 n T T E 0 v t cu n | | L l \ | t L l l ,5l

f fFIER lt9 I .1 INUTES' le.{1CHRRGING CURRENT

I { O T E , l r E D I D N O T

nT aEGINNI I {G , o .60 A ; BT THE E l . l o : o .3 -7 R

REFCH 12 .45 U EVEN AFTER 2 HCIURS.

BEDIXI ' TIUELLER 13 RUGUST A4 T E S T S T 2 + 3

V . w e n t c d t o I i n d t h . c o r ! . c t i o n f r c t o r t o r t h . F r o E r c y C o I l v e ! t e ! b y

c o [ p . r i n g t h . s . E . e f { c c t , i . . . t h e c h a r g i n q o I t h e 5 . E e b a t t e r y I r o D

o n . s p ! c i l i c r o l t r g . t o . n o t h ! r s p e c i l i c v o l t e g e . T h r c r l c u l r t i o n o tt h i e l r c t o r i s e h o w n i n t l S U R E X - { . T h i s c o r t e c t i o n l . c t g r C r w r 5d e t e r n i n e d b y d i v i d i n g t h r r r ! . Y ( r E p e r . s o v e ! t i ! € , f o r c h l r g i n gw i t h t h . c o u n c r c i e l b r t t € r t c h r r g e r ) t h . o u g h r r e . I ( r b p a r . r o e . rt i E e , X r o E r . t ) .

t I c u R E [ - |

l (RO11REY OEVICO E T E f u ' I N A T I O N O F C O R

FfiPSt . gq . 9 4

0 . a

e . 6 0

0 . a

c . 2

o . e

ER E C T t O X F F C T O R

t ,___K

I i t . l l u . l l . r ' V I S I T T O J O H N g E D T N I I 3 ' I I A U C . I { P r g c - 5

T t S L t X - l r h o w s t h . c o D b i n e d t e s t r . 5 u l t r . 8 . c . u s . t r . d . t e c t . d . nl r c ! a r 5 a i n t h € r p e r d o f t h € l ( r o D r . y C o n v a r t a r I r w a t l r s a d e c r G a s ri n t h . i n p u t . n € r g t w h e n w a i n c r e . s € d t h e o u t p ! t I o r d , v . e d e c l d . d t o

r D . l 5 o r . t h . i n p u t . n . r g t a n d s p e e d w h . n t h r o u t p u t $ r r s 5 h o r t . d . A 9 r i n ,t h . i n p u t . n . r g t d r o p p e d r n d t h . 5 p c e d i n c r a . 6 e d

lt 5ul fll {T x0 l0tD LoADrD 9tI1{SrrTtRr

sfi0tTt0 conRtcT[0t r c l . L : 3 :

l t . r !L t 0

IXPIJT YOITTC tIHiI 'T CUBRII{T

1 J . 3 0! . t 0

t 5 . 0 1! . 0 0

V I T T S l l i . . . . . . . . | | . t ?

- s t [ [ D t x t l v l s t c 0 r { D a 0 . 0 0

7 5 . 0 0 J t . ? l T A B L E [ - I

- 0'JTPfi VoLTlC[ tDC ]- ouifut cu8t[t{T

1 t . 0 0l { / l

4 5 . 0 0

l 0 . t !| . r 5

? t . 0 0

x / l1 . 0 5

vrT'Is 0uT

vlTis i /ouT

N / l

? . 3 1

l{/ t r a 7 l

I I t

U r i n g t h . c r r l i r r d ! t c r E i n . d c o r r . c t i o n f t c t o r o ( 5 . 5 3 5 r i r e c r l c u l . l r dt h ! e n e r g t v r e p u t i r t o t h e b r t t c r t t o 5 6 , 7 8 l l . t t F ( l r o r t 0 . ? 6 t5 . 5 3 5 ) . L o o t i n g . t T T B L E F - l w e 5 e r t h . t i t t r t e s o n l t 5 1 . ? 8 V . t t s t or u n t h . X r o D r e t C o n v e ! t ! r r r h e n t h e o u t p u t i r 5 h o ! t G d . T h i r r c r u l t l e du s t o c o n t i n u . t , l t h t h e s . t e r t 5 . n d I o e d t h r c o n v r r t r r o u t p u t a e . ' r! o r r . T h ! r e s u l t i o ( t h a E . t e s t s c . n b . s ! c n l n T I B L E f - U o n t h ! n c r tP . 9 . .

H t r r r g r i n , w e d c t c c t r d t h r t w . w i l l g a t r h I 9 h e r . f t i c i r n c y o l t h rt o t r l d e v i c r , t h ! E o r ! w a l o r d d o w n t h e o u t p u t r i d c . T h l F e l f c c t i rt o t r l l y c o n t r r d i c t o r y t o t h . c o n v e n t l o t l r l l r w s o t p h y r i c s .

E i L e l { u ! l l . !

Il lsulmEtaT

V I S I T T O J O H N E E O I N I I 3 / I { T U C 8 { P . g . - 6

r{0 t0l0 [0rD[0 ctTl L0AD[0 vtTl{ t0r0[0 vtnI r r r I t lTT. NtStsTol l ts t5T08

t ! . t o t { t { t . a t 0 [ l

n{Pm vot TlctI XPIIT CURNTl{I

t 5 . t 0! . r ! ! . t 0 i . 3 t

. r l

Y I T T S I t { . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , t t . 0 a

{ t . t 0l { / l

t t . t ? I t . l 0 5 t ! ? TTBI .E T_ I

- ouT?ut Yot Tlct t0ct- OUTPI'T CURflEhT- trS t sTlr{c I t0Hl{]

v l T l s 0 w . . . . . . . . . . t { J lv lTTs 0 lJ t tc0[REcT[0]

v lTTs [ t ( /our 0. !5 0 3 7

1 t . 0 0| ? 5

5 0 0 0

1 3 . 5 0

1 0 . t 0

! . t 3

1 1 . 0 0l l { . 1 {

l 8 5 . l t a : t . n

V € t | 5 c d t h e K r o b r . y c o r ( e c t i o n l a c t o r f o r

c o n n e c t c d t h e b a t t e r l t o t h e c o n v e r t e rf r c t o r i n b o t h o t h e r c . 6 e s w h e n w . t l s e dc u i t .

| 0 t

t h e l i r s t c i s e , w h e n w e h a d

o u t p u t . \ . , e d i d n o t u 5 e t h i s

r e s i s t o r s i r t h e o u t p u t c i r -

T h e s . a b o r . t . s tC o n r a r t . r i s v J c l l

r e s u l t 5 s h o w t h r t t h e e f t i c i ! n c t. b o r . l 0 0 l

o f t h r X r o r a r a y

T h c T c r I r g w l t c h

! 1 . u 5 . d . s r r t r r t i n g p o l n t t o ! o u r e r p e r i D e n t s , t h . 5 w i t c h l n g d e v i c rJ o h D E e d i r i h r d b u i l t l o r t h G T . i l r S y a p o s i u n ( t t G U R E T - l ) . O u r g o . lL , r r t o u p g r . d ! t h i r r w l t c h i n g d e v i c e f o r o r d i n r t t c r r o r t o t o r c y c l .b r t t r r i r r .

T o 9 . t . b c t t . r u n d r r s t r n d i n g o l t h i r 5 y s t e B , w ! f i r r t b u i l t o n l J o n ch r l l o l t h . c l r c u l t . f I C U R I T - l s h o w 6 o u r f i r 5 t r r r t n g s r [ ! n t ,

P r g c - 7V I s I T T O J O H N I E D I N I I 3 I I I T U C . I IE i L . t { u e l l . r

T I G U R E T - I

- t

ut\

I

\q5 \

T\\

z

o f I

,lc'.,(r

d

\-i

0t

!a

r-t---t{rr\

),rIL

T

+:t

\t\

\a

E\

qlc l

+l

F

\o - )

3q

Hf

Io l. - - J

' l: r ,

o

z

,Ut:i

{

l ogJ

- Ji \, o tl.\

.{

q

F

-vl

t ' t

\

l-..-.....- 'I L I I

| : tlli\t .itil '

A-, / t d

f , i t . l ' l u ! l l e r V I S I T T O J O H N B T D I N I I 3 / I I A U C , 8 '

13 RUGUST 84

P . 9 . - 8

aE0INl I { IELLER T E S T T I I f I

TE$1fl SI, I ITC| ' l

TO RFISE TT€ VOLTRGE

CONPRRE THIS RESULT

XOTE, t OHH RESI SToR

I OHH LOAO

F R O H t l . s l U T O 1 2 , 4 5 U T O O K 5 S E C ,

TIITH TESTS I 3 RNO 5. FIG. K-4

RET,IAINEO COLO NFTER 15 NIN. RUN TII lE.

400 Kz SHITCH

i n F I C U R E T - 3 , w e p e r l o r b e du s i r l g t h e X r o b r e y C o n v e r t e r .

d e . d c e l l r s i I i t w e r e . l 0T h e e u p p l y i n g b a t t € r y w a s .

F I C U R E T _ I

t h . 9 . E . t i n d o fT h i r t i E C ! , € u 9 € d .

V o l t b . . t t e r y ( d r a d

l r e 5 h l t c h r r g € d 1 ?

-9\

_______))))

U s i n g t h r s e t u F s h o w nt . 5 t w r d i d € . r l i . r ,

l ? . V b r t t . r y e r i t h o n .c . l l n o t i n t h c l o o p ) .

V b r t t . r t .

l | r t h c t i r s t s t c p i r c d r r i n . d t h . l 0b . t t e r t t o t h e c o n v e n t i o n . l b r t t . r tV o l t s . A l t e r l 2 D i n u t e s 2 0 5 € c o n d sI 0 . ? | V o I t r .

v b r t t € r y . t r h c n w . c o n n . c t c d t h i sc h a r g e r i t s h o w e d r r o l t r g . o f L ?u e h a d r . a c h e d . v o l t r q . l . v . l o f

A q r i r , w ! d r r i n c d t h . b a t t . r y . n d t h e n c o r n . c t . d i t t o t h e T e s l .S w i t c h . A l t c r I B i n u t . . n d 2 l s c c o n d s w e h a d r e . c h e d 1 0 . t 4 V o l t 5 . ! r .d c t ! c t r d t h . t t h a t C E p . r r t u r c o ( t h . b a t t e r t w r r h i g h c r t h r n l t w r sb ! l o r a , H h r n v r c h r d u s e d t h . c o n v e n t i o n . I b r t t e r t c h a r g e r .

EEOI XI I ITJELLER 13 AUGUST A4 TEST I I t 6

TE$LR gI,I ITCf| F I 6 U B E T - 3

TRANSISTORllJ 1502,1

->))

I 0ftfl

'O RFISE THE UOLTAGE FRSI !.2 U TO

[oTE' I oHfl RESISTOR REHnIN€o COLO

LORO

t 9 . e 4 v T m K t n I N S S E C .

RFTER I5 IIIN. RI..[.I TIIIE.

E l t . l l u . l l ! r v l s l T T o J O H N E E D I X t l 3 / t { l U C . ! 4 P r g . - t

8 . c . u 5 . n e h a d r l r e r d t l . . r D o d t h t t t h € € t ( i c i e n c , w i l l g o u p t h a E o r .w C l o t d t h e c i r c u i t ( s e . T I B L E X - l ) , w e d e c i d e d t o l o r d t h i s T € 5 1 .c i r c u i t r l i o \ , l e n o d i f i e d o u r t e s t e . t u p 5 l i q h l l y b y i n t r o d u c a n ga b p . r e D e t e r E a n d t w o l i g h t b u l b 5 . A l l 0 V , 4 0 U b u l b w . 5 u s e d o n t h er . c o n d i r t 5 i d . o l t h e t r e n s f o r D e r , a n d r l 2 V , Z g 0 V q u r r t , l a n p u a rc o t l n r c t . d i n p e r a l l e l w l t h t h e l 0 V b a t t e r y . f t C U R E T _ { s h o l , s t h .. r r r n g e D e n t r n d t h e c u r r e n l s w e r l e . 6 u . e d A g . i n , g l e l o u n d t h r t y r h e n w .c o n n . c t e d t h e q u . r t r l . E p , t h c l t 0 V l i g h t i n r t a n t € n u o u s l y b e c . ! ! eb r r g h t e r .

EE l r l r f ! ' j EL !EP 1? r / 1 I n 6 l | r r A i lr L J L f t D l i t t { , n

f I C U R E T - I

OBSERUNTION,

TIHETI IE9 AURRTZLRI1P 'IAS ADDED, THE 4OII LRIIP

IzU OURRTZ Lf ] I1F

A€CRHE BRIGHTER

P I C T U R E C - 1 . I s h o s : t h i sl 0 V b r t t r r t . n d t h . l t 0

. r p r r i D t n t . T h e q u . r t !V t i g h t b u l b I r i n f r o r t

o n t o p o l t h rt r a n s l o r D e r .

l a E p i 5

o t t h r

P I C T U B E C - I . I

TRFNSISTORh J 1 5 0 2 4

- O +t o u

- o -AATTERY

E i t r l l u ! l l . r V I S I T T O J O H N E E D I N I I I / I I A U G , P r 9 . - l 0

V h e n w c c o E p t r . r l l t h € E e a s u r a d r a l u e 6 w e 9 . t t h e t o l l o w i n g t . b l . :

C U R R E H T r L O V T R O T H E 2 l V E I T T E R Y : { . 0 A t T ? { , 0 V - - - ) t 6 V A T T S

8 l

CURRE} IT T IOV INTO I | l V BATTERY:I N T O O U A R T Z L A H P :

4 O V A T T S I I O V L I C H T S U L B :

5 - 5 A

3 0 . 0 I

A T t 0A T '

6 V0v

- - - ) 5 8 V A T T S- - - ) t 70 v rTTs- - - ) { 0 v t T T g

| r tTTS IH,oUr . 9 6 r 3 6 t . 0 . 1 6

E v e r y t i D e w h e n w e d i s c o n n e c t . d . n d c o n n € c t e d t h e f l 0 V l i g h t b u l b r nt h . 5 ! t u p t E s h o w n i n T I C U R E T - l H e 5 a w a s D a r l r b o u t r h a t l - i n c hl o n g . T h e l i g h t o f t h i c s p e r t w . s n o t i c a b l y d i l f c r e n t f r o n t h e t i g h to l 5 p . r k 5 o b s e r v e d w h . n r r p . r i E e n t r n g e . i t h h l g h v o l t r g e s . p I C T U R E C - 3s h o w s s u c h r s p r r t . V e d i s c o v ! r e d t h a t i n a d d i t i o n t o X - r r y r n e w e r ea l s o g . n a r a t i n g 5 c a l r ! t r l r a s , T h e E e w e r e d e t e c t e d u s i n g a s c a l t r w r v €d . t r c l o r b u t l t b t J o h n E r d i r i , w h i c h w . r b . 5 e d o n r p l r ' l b y T o D ,E a a r d r n .

P I C T U R E C - 3

E i t . l l u e I I . r

SEOII . I I ' ARENT]E' IOELLER 23 gUGUST I984

IE5Lfl STIIIC|l SFIIE NUIIBERS USEO RS IN ORICINAL

\s- to-o o-l | | -

_t_-<?_;ao rS-2

.=lff

: t A H ; r " * " 2 , 4 , s F r R C I . r r c I r r ' . h .

V I S I T T O J O H N B E D I N I I 3 / I { A U C , 8 I P . g . - l l

S t E p l I f l G d D l r g r r | [ r

A t t h . . n d o t t h i e r € p o r t I n o t t h o w t u o s i E P l i l i . d s w i t c h i n g d i r -

g r r ! 5 . T h c s r h . y . b . e n D o d i f i e d f r o E t h e o r r q i n r l d i r g r . l o l l l r '

R o n r l d B r c n t t c a J h i c h L r r s g i { . n t o J o h n B e d i n i K e n l { o o r c r n d I u p d r t e d

t h ! o r i g i n . l d i r g r . D t o D r L e i t a o r c u n d € r 5 t r n d r b l . t o t h c l . y D r n

F ICTURT 5

S I I I T C H E S I , 3 , 6 F I R E M G E T H E R

I I C U R I T - 6 r h o w ss w i t c h e r d r i r e n b y

h o w r c i ! c u i tr p l r l 5 e r . t e

c a n g r o r l u s r n q

g e n e r a t o r ( X e n

T I G U R E T - 5

O r i g i n r l D l . 9 r . . o f

l l r - R o n . l d B r r n t t .

t h r e e d o u b l e - p o l c r e l a yl l o o r e ) .

(_)-o - l

I-l --<<- t

a

Id

SEDINI ' HJELLER ' FOORE 23 RUGUST 1984 PICTURE 3

TESLfl $II ITC|| -$II lFLIFIEO Dif l [Rf l ] l

F t C U I E T - 7 s h o w r t h rt r r n r i r t o r r d r i r a n b t

o(T,loAo (oFTroNru*)

c i r c l l i t d i . 9 r . E f o r . s e t u gr r o t r r t r w i I c h d e v i c c .

F I C U R E T . '

/s-1

{--:-rsr-{-$rL--{- :i.."-?I? ?I? ?I?

_JJJJ

s i i n g l l J t 5 0 2 1 P o u E r

E i t . X u . l l . ! V I g I T T O J O H N B E D I X I I 3 / I { I U G . ! { P r g . - t 2

T I C U N E T - ?

€H_

N

F F

iJtH l

Io lz lH I

F I

! l

II

J I

'!lF l

E i k . l { u . l l ! !

C O T I H E N T S B Y T O H B E A R D E N

- T h a O b r . r v r t i o n r D r t . c t l o n P r o c . t t

F r o E t h e r t r n d p o i r , t t o f E o d ! r n p h y s i c s , t h e ' u n i v r r ! . r ' e a d e t a c t .

b . r s u r a , r n d s e E i s r l w r y s t h a " o u t p u t " o I r D i n t e r r c t i o n b a t s e a n t h a

d . t e c t o r / o b 5 . r r e r . n d " t h a t u n o b s e r v . d r ! r l i t t " t h r t i E r ! r l l t t h c r r

b e f o r r t h . i r t t e r . c t i o n . T h e " b r s i c r c e l i t y , b e I o r e o b s e r v e t i o o / d . t . c -

t i o n " i s c o q p r i s r d o t s o E e t h i n g r e f r r r e d t o r s " r c t i o n , " h r v i n g t h .

u n i t s o f r n g u l a r t l o l l e n t u t ! . T h r t i s , u n o b s € r e e d r e . l i t t i t c o E p o s e d o l

" ! n ! r g t E u l t i p l i G d b y t i E e , " o r " B o E e n t u E E U l t i p l i e d b y l E n q t h , " o r

t h . p r o d u c t o I t w o o t h e r " l o c t e d t o g e t h e r " ( c . n o n i c . l ) v a r t . b l c s .

T h e b e s t w a t t o v i s u . l i r e . p h o t o n - - t h e b r s i c . I c c t r o r a r g n e t i c g u r n -

t u D - - i s t o t h i n l o t i t a s " a l i t t l e p i e c e o f e n e r g y w e l d e d t o .

l i t t l r p i r c e o f t i E e , " w i t h n o s e a t ! i n t h e e i d d l c . I n o t h c r l r o r d s , t h e

p h o t o n i s r s o r t o t n ( u F i o n o f e n e r g y r n d t i D e , t { i t h o u t s e p a r . t i o n i n

a n y f a s h i o n . " V h e n w r s p e r L o f " e n e r g y , " u l t i D r t e l t w e s p e a t o t p h o t o n

e r c h . n g . , l r h e t h e r t h e p h o t o n s r r e r ' e i r t u r l " ( s E . l l e r t h a n c r n b c

i n d i r i d u r l l y d e t e c t . d ) o r o b s e r v a b l e ( l . r g e . n o u g h t o b e i n d i e i d u r l l y

d e t e c t e d .

E v . n w i t h t h e E r c r o s c o p i c ! ) e c h a n i c r l i n t e r r c t i o n s , u l t i D e t e l y t h cf o r c e r l ! ! g e n c r r t e d n o t b y c o l l i d i n g o b i e c t s b u t b y e r c h . n g e o fv i r t o . l p h o t o n s , i n t h e v r e w o f D o d . r n q u . n t u n p h y s i c s

A t t n t r r t e , e r h . n w e D a k e . " d e t e c t i o n , " t h a s D r l l e 5 t e D o u n t o I c h t n q ei n g o l v a d l n t h e u r o b s e r v r b l e u n i v € r s e i 5 o n p " q u a n t o n " o f . c t i o n .H o w e v a r , w . d o n o t r c t u . l l y d e t e c t a w h o l e q u r | r t u r D : i n s t t a d w a d e t c c to n E g i ! c a o l t h r q u . n t u u r n d l o s e t h e o t h e r p i a c e . l n o t h G r w o r d s , i fw e d c t c c t r l l t h ! l i t t l . p i e c . o f e n e r g y i n t h c q u r n t u o , w e l o r c r l lt h . l i t t l r p i r c r o l t i E . . l f H c d c t c c t r l i t t l . p i ! c G o f n o n e n t u n , w rl o s c r l l t h r l i t t l ! p i e c e o f l e n g t h . T h c p o i n t i s , o n e c r n i b r g i n .t h r t n c " 5 p l i t " o r " l i 5 F i o n " t h e q u r n t u E v r h r n v r r " d e t c c t " , . n d H r o n l td t t . c t o n r ! . r t o l i t . F I C U R E I s h o e , 5 t h . o p r r r t l o n o f t h ! d ! t r c t l o np t o c a S t . S p c c i l i c a l l t , r c c o r d i n g t o q u r n t u E D c c h a r i c r w a c r n n e v ! rd i ! . c t l t d . t r c t o r o b s . r v r t h . p l G c . o l ' t i ! . ' . t . l l . T i E r i r t l o to b s c r y r b l . , . y r n l n p r i n c i g l c . i n q u r n t u D ! c c h l n l c r .

l n D t l l r r t c r u d r p r p e r r l o n g t h e r c l i n r r t l ! , I p o l n t c d o u t t h r tq u r n t r d o ' | o t 5 u p ! r p o E C ; i n s t c a d , r r i n g l a q u r n t u o c h r n g r o c c ! r t r t rt i E G , r n d | 6 i n g l r d e t . c t i o n o c c u r r t t I t i D r . l n c o n c r p t u r l l tE o d c l i n g t h r l u n d r l t n t r l d e t . c t o r l t s e l f , i t w e g n e c e s s e r t t o u t l l i r .a " l u t l o n " p t o c . s f o n t h e f r r g D e n t 5 o f t h c q u e n t u o r e s u l t i n g l r o n t h cI i r i I o r , d . t . c t i o n p ! o c € 5 s . I n o t h c r r r o r d r , o n c h . s t o c l c r r o u t t h cr . r l d u r b . l o r . r n o t h a r " f r r g E e n t i n g " c r r o c c u r , . T h r w r t t h i r h r p p r n ll r t h r t t h c t w o p i r c c s r r e f u s e d t o g . t h . r , b r c l l n t o r l u l l q u r n t u r ,d i 5 r p p c r r i n g l n t o t h r b r s i c r c t i o n c o n t l n u u D .

T h u s t h r p r s s r g c i h r o u g h t i u e o l r b o d t o c c u r s i n l i t t l G t i a r i u E p r .( E I C U R E l ) . A n d r r c h l i t t l e p i c c r o f t i t ! ! h ! l p i n g t o D r l c r r l n d i t l -d u . I i q D p i r r c n o r c d b ! f o r e t h c I l r r t t u D p o c c u r s . T h . t i s , o u r ! r r c ht h r o u g h t i D G i E n o t a t . l l t h r o u g h r c o n t i n u o u 5 t i D . d i l c n s i o n a t

V I S I T T O J O H N B E D I N I I 3 / I { A U C . 8 { P . g . - l 3

E l t . l ' l u r l l . r V I S I T T O J O H N B [ D I N I I 3 ' I I T U C . I { P . g . - 1 {

l ' l i n t o w s t i s p . c e t l E ! . n d r G l . t i v i t t h o d e l i t . l n s t e . d , w e D l r c h t h r o u g ht i F e l i l . r p c c u l i . r s e t . i n g E r c h i n e , o n e j t i t c h r t . t i E e , . n d e . c hs t i t c h E l d . i s r . E o v e d b e l o r e t h r n a r t o n c i i b a d . . T h i r ! r p l a i n tp r e c r s . l t r , h t w c c . n n o t " 5 e . t h r o u g h t i E € " . s r r a s e e a l o n g t h . p h y 5 i -c . l d i h r n r i o n . T h e t i l l e d i E € n s i o n i 5 c o n t i n v r l l t f r a g E e n t . d a n d d c -s t r o t . d .

O B S E R V E DU I I I V E R S E( NONA CT ! ONC ONT I NUUH )

[-^0C^11( P R O D U C E S N I C A T I V I T I } I E )

F I G U R E t . T b r O p c r r t l o n o l P h t s l c . l D r t r c t l o n r t t h r O u r n t E r l r v r l

N o t r : f , r c h p ip r o d u c r d r n d t h c I r r t o o r e dd l i c r ! . t l t .

F I C U R E l . P . 5 r r g r o f 0 b r c c t T h r o u g h T l ! r O c c q r r l n D l r c r . t . J o r p r

F I C U R E S I r n d 2 . h o w t h r s l t u r t l o n . N o t c t h r t w r c r n c o n r i d t r t h r" r u c c e s s i r c r i p p i t r g o q t o l t l ! ! r t i t c h r E " r r t h . n ! g r t i y t r t r G . ! o lt i E ! .

T i D C r r r r r o t ,

. c . o l t i D r l .

U N O B S E R V E DI C T I O NC O N T I N U U } T

O E S E R V A T I O N

rr+#t

E i t e l ' { u c l l r r V I S I T T O J O H N E E I J I N I I 3 ' I I A U C . I 4 P r g c - l 5

I n t h i s b o d r l , . r . r t t h i n g . t i s t s i n b o t h p o r l t l r . r n d n . 9 r t i r . t i b es t r r r t D s t h . t u s u . l l y a r . b r l r n c e d . l n t h i s I r s h i o n , a c o o p l ! t e l t n e wd . l i n l t i o n o l D . E 5 r . . r o b t r i n e d , N e i { t o n ' . l r ! r 5 o l D o t i o n ( r e l a t i r i r t i c

l o r D ) w e r . d c ( i v e d , r n d t h . 5 q u a r e l . w o f g r r g i t r t i o n w t i d e r i r e d ,. l b ! i t c r u d . l t . t 2 l

N o r , n o t i c c t h . t , r r h . n r n . c t i o n q u . r l t u E i 5 r p l l t i r l t o c o n c e i v r b l re n ! r g y r n d t l E e , i t E . t b e s p l i t i n t r r o w r y s i . ) l t c . n b . s p l i t i r l t op 0 5 i t i t . p i . c . E o l ? n € r g y r n d p o s i t i v c p r e c e s o I t i E . , o r b ) i t c . r l b rr p l i t i n t o a n a g r t i v e p r t c e o l e n e r g y r n d a n n e g r t i t e p i ! c ! o l t i r e .F I G U R E 3 s h o w s t h ! s . p o s 5 i b i l i t i e s o f s p l i t t i n q , N o t . t h r t , i , w €c o n s i d e r b o t h t h c I i s s i o r l r n d { u s i o n p r o c r s s r s r b o t h s p l i t s r c t u e l l yo c c u r , d e p . n d i n g o p o n w h i c h t i E e s t r e t E o n a c h o o s e s t o o b s e r v ! l r o E .

I

II

. ICTION OUI ,NTUTI( U N D E T [ C T E D )

F I S S I O N ( D E T E C T I O N )

F R A G H E N T S O F A P H O T O NGr)(aE)

C"t)

OR

-/ ---=

f ̂ E)

/ t \d\

T R ACTI ENTS OF IN ANT I PHOTON

t ICURE ! . T \ {o P o i r l b l l l t l . r o l A c t l o n O u r n t o r F l . . l o D l n !

T L i s l s r o c t i n t r r i s t t n g . V e n o w h r y r r c o n c r g t r , , h e r . b t c e c h o b j r c t i sp . s r l n g t h r o u g h b o t h t h c n e g . t i r . t i D e f l o r , t n d t h ! g o r i t i v r t i E c f l o wi ! a B i n t r r w ! a v a d l r n n a r ; t o t h ! r i c r o 5 c o p i c o b r c r y . r , t h l r t p p e a r r t ob . i i r ! ! l l r n . o u i l t .

S o . n o b r r c t ! . t b ! r . l d t o p o s s . s i b o t h ! o s l t l v c r n d n e g r t i v r G n r r g t ,s i D u l t r n r o u s l t , r r l t i r s t o r d c r ! p p r o t i n r t i o n . I t p o . i e r i e t g o r i t i y r. n . r g t i n p o r l t i t . t l E C , r n d n ! g r t i v e . n . r g i . s i n n c g r t i v . t i D r . l n. l l n o r l r t p r o c e 5 r ! r , w e h r v a c o n s i d r r ! d r n d d e y ! l o p r d o n l t p o s l t i v rt l l c p r o c c s r a S . H o w c r ! r , w a p o i n t o u t t h . t n . g . t i r e t i E . o p e r . t i o n i 5w a l l - t n o w n i n n o d c r n p h y r i c s . l a t n D a t | d i r g r a D i i n e o I v . . I t e n s i v e n e g . -t i r r t i D . t r r r r l . 0 r i g i n r l l y D i r r c d i d n o t p r G d i c t t h . p o r i t r o n . r .p o r i t l r a p . r t i c l . t r . r r l l i n g l o r t r r r d s i r l p o r i t i v r t i D c . l n s t t r d , h ap r . d l c t . d r t l ! g . t l r . p r r t i c l r ( t r r v ! l i n 0 i n n a g r t l r . t i E G , i n o u r

! i t . l ' l u . l l e r

v i e w ) , ! , r h i c h

l 5 r P o s i t r v aD o d c r n p h y s i c 5 ,

t t D e s .

v t S I T T O J O H N E E D I N I l 3 / 1 4 t u c . 8 { P r g r - l 6

w e c o u l d o n l y o b s e r v e ( w i t h P o s i t i v . t l D e i n 5 t r u 6 . n t s ! )

p a r t i c l . t r . v e l i n g f o r w . r d s i n t i D e I n t h ! t i e w o (

r . r l p . r t i c l c s e l r € . d y t r . r e l b . c l w t r d s i n t i E ! 5 o D . -

B o t i l u . c . n . c t u r l l t p r o d u c . t o D c . t t r . n . 9 r t i v . t i E . i n I d r v i c t

i J h i c h n o r D r l l y i 5 o b s e r v . d o n l y t o P r o d u c ! P o s i t i t . t i E . , t r . s h t l l

o b t i i n r r . v . . t . l o I e n t r o p y . g y 5 t e E 5 w h r c h t ! n d t o d r s o r d . r i n P o s i -

t i v € t i e . , t e n d t o o r d e r i I l n ! g r t i v r t i o e . S u c h r n e l t e c t ( P r o d u c t i o h

o l n e g r t i r G t i D . ) r n v o l e G . t h e c o n c o E i t r n t P r o d u c t i o n o f n e g r t i v .

e n r r g t . H o e c v e r , n e g t t i r . e l e c t r o E . g n e t i c e n ! r g y v r i l l s t i l l r u n n o t o r r

. I l d b u r n l i g h t b u t b s . T h e p h o t o n , y o ! s . e , i s i t t o w n r n t l p r r t i c l r :

a n d l n r n t i p h o t o n i s i u E t o b s e r v e d t 5 r n o t h € r p h o t o r r .

V e ! r i l l c h o o s c t o r e g d r d r n r n t i p h o t o n e E c o n s i s t i n q o l n e g r t i Y C

e n e r g t . n d n e g . t i v € t i D € , r n d P r o d u c i n q t h e s e t w o l r i g h . n t s i I d e t c c -

t € d i n t h c l r b o r r t o r y I r r D e . T h G p r o d u c t i o n o l r n t i P h o t o n 5 r n d n e g . -

t r v e t r D . w i l l y i r l d n e g e n t r o P y r n d r d d i t i o n r l o r " f r e € " n e g r t l v .

e n e r g y , r p p e r r i n g t o t l 5 t o Y i o l . t e t h € o r d i n a r y " c o n S a r v r t i o r o l

e n e r q y ' ' l r w . T h i s i 5 n o p r o b l e D ; p r o d u c t i o n o f u n b . l l n c Q d t i t l c

s t r e . m 5 , a n d h e n c e t h e . P P e t r . n c e o f n e g . t i v e r n e r g t r n d n e q l t i r .

t r E e , i s i t 5 e l I a " c u r v e d s p a c . t i D e " p h e n o n e n o n . l n t 5 y r t c E e t h i b t t i n g

t h r s r f l e c t i s r t i s t i n g i n r l o c . l l t c u t v e d e p a c e t r D G ( f l G U R I t ) . T h r t

i s , i t i s n o w a g e n c r a l r e l r t i Y i s t i c g t s t e E , r n d e ' l e r g t n . e d n o t

l o c . l l v b € c o n s e r v e d . T h e s y s t e u c r n t P p a r r t o c o n t . i n € l t h e r | 5 o u ! c t

o t r s t n t , d e p e n d i n g u p o n t h e i n d i Y i d u r l 5 y 5 t . D ' 5 l u n c t i o n i n g , t o . n

e r t e r n r l l ! b o r a t o r Y o b s e r v e ! t r l e w i l t r e t u r n t o t h i s . l l . c t s h o r t l t .

N o t ! t h ! t t r o t i E ep r o d u c i n g n e q r t i v co b s c r v c r .

l i n e s . r e o f e q u r I l e n g t h .

e n e r g Y r n d n e g . t i v c t i D r ,T h e n c g e n t r o p t d ! v i c r i r

w i t h r e s p r c t t o t h r l r b

NONL I NEAR I ' IOVE THROUCI{ T I I IEO f N E C E N T R O P Y D E V T C E

F I C U R E ' P r o d s c t l o n o a N c g c n t r o D t b t L o c r l c u t y r t u r r o l 6 p r c a t l r a V r c u o r .

E i l e l l u e l l e r V I S I T T O J O H N B E D I N I l 3 / l { A U C

T h r ! a X l n d r O l E I . c t r o E r g t r . t I c r

t { P r q . - l ?

T h e r r r r ? r c t u r l l t t h r . c t y p e s o t . I . c t r o D . g n . t I c r ( T l E L t t ) , r i Ip o i n t e d o u t l n E y p . p e r t 3 l t o t h e I E E E C o l o r . d o S p r i n g r T e s l . C . n -t . n n i r l S y n p o s i u u o n I t ^ u q u s t l t 8 4 :

r ) T h . o r d i n . r t t l n d o l f , 1 . ( , d c s c r i b e d i n c l r s r i c r l r l r c t r o n r g n e t i ct h . o r y . l n c l r s r i c . l E l ' l t h . o r y , t h e r e c t o r t o r c e l i a l d 5 r r c c o n -

t i d € r ! d p r i E r r t a n d c a u s . t r v e , . n d t h . p o t c n t i r l E r r . c o n s i d e r r d t ob r o n l t D r t h e D r t i c r l l i g D e n t 5 . I n r r . g i o n w h e r e t h e l o r c ! l i ! l d t

l r ! t . r o , c l . r i i c a l E H t h e o r t . s 5 u l ! e 5 t h e t r l l t h r c l c c t r o o . g n e t i c

e f a e c t s c ! r s . .

O u . n t u E E e c h r n i c E , u h i c h h o l d s q u i t c r d i I f e r ! n t v i e w o l E H l n O l l

t h . o r t t h e p o t e n t i r l s r r . c o n 5 i d e r e d t o b . r e r l r n d f u n d r r ! . n t r l ,. n d t h r E l ' l f o r c r l i r l d s r r e t r e r e l y c r . t t e d f r o E t h . q b t d i f l e r e n -t i . t i o n . T h r t i 5 , 0 1 1 c o n s i d e r r t h e I o r c e f i . l d 5 s u c h . 5 E r n d B t o

b r d e r i v e d . l l ! c t 5 , n o t t u n d a D e n t r l c r u s e s . f u ! t h c r , w h e n t h e s ed . r i v e d l o r c e l i e l d r . ' r . t e r o , t h i r o I r l y n e r n E t h . t I h e g r e d i e n t s

o f t h e p o t e n t i . l s r r e h o r i r o n t a l r n d h e n c e " t e ! o v € c t o r r " T h !

p o t e n t i r l s r r ! s t i l l t h e r e , h o w e v e r , r n d t h e i ( i n t e r f e r e n c . i n rr a 9 i o n o f t e r o E l { [ o r c e I i e l d s c . n e n d d o e s s t i l l c a u s e € I l e c t gT h u s , w h e n c l . s 5 i c . l E l , { e l f e c t s r e d u c e t o r . r o . O l { E t i e l l € c t e c r n

5 t i I l r r i s t d u r t o t h e p o t e n t i a l 5 , l n r d d i t i o n t o r i o l r t i n g c l a E i i -c r l E X t h e o r t , t h i 5 a l s o v i o l a t e s c l a s s i c a l E . c h r n i c s . I t i E t r u er n d c r p e r i i e n t a l l y p r o v c n n o n e I h e l . s s . t 4 ] t 5 l

c ) l n ! r t . n F i o t l t o t h . E H c i e w o l q u r n t u ! q e c h . n i c i , w h i c h I h r v cn r E . d " s c r l . r r I e c t r o e a q n e t i c s " T h e v i e w o l . p o t e n t i . l b y 0 | 1 t 5e s 5 e n t i . l l t t h r t i t i E c o D p o s e d o f r e r l d o E l t l l u c t u r t i n g l i t t l ev i r t u a l f l u t t a c t o r t , r . c h r . p r . s e n t i n g r D o r i D g y i r t u r l p . r t i c l .r n d h . n c e r u o v i n g v i r t u r l l o r c e . T h r t i s , O H f u n d r E e n t r l l t . s s u ! € tt h r t t h c r i r t u r l v . c t o r l u b s l r u c t u r . c o D p r i l i n g . p o t . n t i . l 5 t r . E 5o l i p r c c t i D c l r t o t r l l t s t r t i r t i c r l r n d s u D s t o r G r o . l l t o w n c o n -t r i b u t i o n , . r r i y r d r t b y n o t i n g t h ! H o r k o f D r n t u n o r t h o d o r r a -r c r r c h t r r , l r t o p o i n t o u t t h r t t h . v i r t u . l s u b s t s u c l u s r I | e r d [ o tt o b ! r . n d o E r t . 1 1 . 9 ! c . n s i E p l t l o r D E l ' l l o r c a l i c l d y . c t o ! t c r o lb t o p p o t l n g o ! f u E D i n g o r d i n r r t E r n d E y e c t o r r , l o r l n s t r n c e , t o rt . r o i . c t o r - I n t h i . c . s . , t h r r u D o l t h . . b s o l u l . t r l u c c o l t h c l r! r g n l t q d c s r ! p r r i c n t r r n r r t i f i c i r l p o t c n t l t l , . n r r t t l l c l . l r t r . s .I r l r p r c ! t l E r , b u t o n . t h B t n o w h r 5 r r i g o r o u r l t d r t r r r l n i s t l cr u b s t r u c t u r r , T h i s r a p r c s c n t E r d . t . r E i n i r t i c o r d c r i n g p l . c G d l o t ot h r r l r t u . l 5 t r t e ( i n 5 i d e t h a ! r r o r c c t o r , i n l t 5 r u b r t r u c t s r c ) . V ch r r r t h c r r l o r r v i o l . t € d o n . o l t h ! l u n d r n e n t e l r 5 s u D p t l o I l r o lq o . n t u D D ! c h r n l c r . l y ' ! h r r c d ! I i b . r r t c l t o r d . r r d r n d a o r D r d t h ar t r c t t o f f p r c . t i r . i t r . l l . I n o l h . r l r o r d r , t , , . h r r e . c c o r p l l 5 b e dg . n . r . l r r l r t i t l J t i c r r r r p i [ g o r c u r y l n g o f 5 p r c G t l D r r E u c d r l l b -! r r t t l t c h o r r , r n d p . r t i r l l t o r d ! r c d t h e o t ' h c r $ i s r i t . t i s t i c r l d i f -o r d c r o l t h t r l r t u r l - f l u r r r c u u E - r t h . r . T h r t h i r d t l n d o t e l ! c t r o -r r g n r t l c t r l l o w r u l t o t r r n s c . n d D . n l o f t h c l t n l t r t i o n s o f c I . 5 r l -e r l f , l l r n d o l q u . n t u ! r c c h e n i c r .

b t

E i t . l l u e l l . r V I S I T T O J O H N B E D I N I I 3 ' I I A U C - 8 { P r g . - l 8

T T B L E I

C L A S S I c ' A L

- ) P O T E N T I A L S J U S T- ) A C T I O N S C A U S E D- ) N O A C T I O N L ' H E N

T H R E E X I N D S O T T L E C T R O H A G N E T I C s

t , t A T H E M A T I C A L C O N V E N I E N C E SB Y N O N Z E R O F O R C E F I E L D SF O R C E F I E L D S Z E R O

O I J A N ' T U } T I T T E C H A N I C S

- ) P O T E N T I A L R E A L. ) S T A T I S T I C A L S U B S T R U C T U R E- ) F O R C E F I E L D S B Y D I F F E R E N T I A T I O N S- ) A C T I O N S ! / H E N F O R C E F I E L D S Z E R O

A I { ' T I F I C I A L P O - T E N T T A L S

T A B T E Z s h o i r s t h e s p e c i t i c c h r r r c t e r i s tt h r e . t i n d o l c l € c t r o D r g n e t i c 5 . T h e f i r s tt h e t h i r d l o l l o w s b t s i b p l e E u D E r t i o n o lt o t c t o , t o p r o d u c a r r t i f i c i r l p o t e n t i . t 5

I N T S R N A L L Y A C T I V E

i c t e a t u r e s o ( a a c h o l t h .t w o E l ' l ' 5 . r e r l r r r d t p r o v . n ;

o r d i r r r t l o r c a f i a l d v ! c t o r t

_ ) P O T E N T I A L S R E A L- ) F O R C E F I E L D S E X T E R N A L L Y Z E R O E D- ) Z E R O S I N D I V I D U A L L Y D I F F E R- ) S C A L A R I N T E R F E R O M E T R Y_ ) S C A L A R R E S O N A N C E

N o t a i r h r t . n a 5 t o u n d i n g c h a n q ! t h i 5 s i n p l r v e c t o r r u t l D r t l o n - t o - t a r c ,t o t o . L . r n . r t i l i c i r l p o t . n t i . l . r e p r e s e n t s t o p h y s i c s . I n d . l l b a r r l o -l I t o r B i n g o r d . r l n w h . t w . r p r r v i o u i l t v r c u u D d i 6 o r d . r , u . h r v .r c c o D p l i s h € d - - i i E p l t . t l d d i r e c t l t - - t h c A r o d u c t i o n o l n r g r t r t r o g t .V e h r v r r r d u c a d d i 6 o r d . r r n d l n c r a r s r d o r d . r .

I l f o r r r G E u 5 t l n a r i t r b l t h r v . p r o d u c . d n ! g . t i v r t i E r r n d n a g r t l r ra n c r g t , l r 5 . c E b t t h r e t t e r n r l , l i n e r r l . b o r r t o r t o b l t t v r r , r r t r l si h o w r i n t I G U R E l .

E i t c l ' l u r l l e r

T I E L E 2

v l s l T T o J O H N 8 [ 0 t N I l ! / t t t u c . r {

c o H P t R I S O N O t E H C O N C E P T S

. ! r t C l . r r i c r l

P r 9 . - l 9

I t r r . r t I i r . r r0 ! r r t ! r X !a l r r i c t

Scr l r r I I I( l t t l t i . l r l l )C l . . r . l . r i r t i TT

Vtc ! ! r

a P r a a t l t a

r i t t q r l

r o ! 5 t r ! c t s r a

l o r a t

i ! r r c ! ! l !

t t r o

l . r c r l , i . l d t

l o t ! ! t i r l t

I i ! . r r

r o c r r r l !

! o ! r( l l ! i d

. q ! . t i o ! 5 1

c a { s a

t . t

! o

. f f . c l

l l c t i r i o ! J

l o r c . l i r l d r

r i t l r r r r

t . t 0 c i t t

t . lr t r t i r t i c r l

. l l . c t

t . l

l o l l ! - l h . r o n o r

! t f . c t r

r . r l , p r i r r r li t . t r r t r c a l

r 0 ! t t ! u c t q r a S

l o l . o t i r l t

r i tL r r r t

r r l o c i t Ji ! t r r l r r i ! l

l o t . r t i t l t

t t r t i r t l c r lr r t l i t l l l .

o t r t

t r t t t f a l l !

t r l

t t t

! 0 , t r c t p t

l o i r - l h . r o ! c r

a l t 5 l t i r a r l a ! t

c l . r f r

r r l . t i r i r t i ct l l r r t r d ! r t o

I tad ! rr . r i r ! l a t

r . c t o r l l . ! r tr ! i l t . l t . l l

r rc ! I llll yr rr

a ! r r l t l r | r tc o l l a r t l t i o l

a l . r t rcori tr rr I i ol

. c l | ! r r t ra i r t r l c a

l i ! r t r . C l . r g . d I o ! l i ! . r r , C ! . r ! . d( r i r t ! r l ) r t r t i i i i c r l l t . ( r i r t r r l l r i t l d . t . r -

r i ! i r t i c c o r ! o ! . ! t r .

t t r , r t r t i r t i c r ld . t . r r i r i r t i c r l l tr . i l ! t . d

r l [ . c t|lO

t q b r t r I c l ! r a

a f l . c t r. ! 9 1 ! a a r a b l a

r r r l , t r i r r r td . t . r r i r i r t i cr o b s t r ! a t o r r r

t o t . ! t i r l i t ! di ! l o l d ! d f i r l d r o ll q l i t r o a l u r a r

r r r r l r t t

i q t r r f r t i t t

i c t . ! l i r l t

d ! i . r r i ! l r t i cr r i c r r c l r

r r q ! l r a rr t r i r l o l

l o n l i t r d i r r lY l t l r y i r l r

! a l r a a a r t t r ta t a ! a I I I ! o ! r a r r a d

r o t r r r . r r r r l l t

t . r , r c r l t ti ! t a i l a r o r a t r r

t0

otr t

I t r t t t a t f a

t . l

t r l

! 0

E i t . H u . l l r r V I S I T T O J O H N s E D I N I T 3 / I I I U C t {

T I E L E Z c o n t l n u . d ) col {PlR I goN 0t E coNcEPTs

. c r t C l r r r l c . l

P r g . ? 0

C l r r r c l . r l r t i

t a t l t r( r a r c - r r c t o r )

t a 5 0 t | ! c a

i ! . r t i r i t. l . c t r i c . l

l r r r i t t i tr l . c t r i c r l

t t i i i t

c l . c t t i c r l

N e g . t i v . T i a r E t l ! c t s

E i k . l l u e l l e r ' s t e 5 t 5 o f J o h n B e d i n i , s l r e . e n e r q y d r v i c e s d i r G c t l ld € q o n s t r t t e t h e a f f e c t s o f t h e p r o d u c t i o n o f n e g r t i r e t i n e _ T h . t i s ,t h r B c d i n i d r y i c . s p r o d u c e s o t A e n e g a t i v . t i D e . n d n e g e t i e . e n r r g l ,d u r i n g r n t D . c r o s c o p i c i n t e r r r l i n w h i c h t h r t p r o d q c e p o r l t i r . t i E rr n d g o r l t i r c r n c r g t .

F o r . t . E p l . , i n . l l t h r r c d e v l c c E B r d l n l h r r b u i l t t o d t t . , Ib . t t . r t I i u r . d l r r n . c c u D u l . t o r l o r t h e e n ! ! g t , v r h r t h G r l t b r p o r t -t l v ! t r . r g I o r t e g r t i y ! a n ! r g t . I t l e ! d l n g b t c t 5 o ! . " n e g r t i r t p o t r [ -t i . l c u r ! . r t " ( o r a - d o t ) t o t h G b r t t c r t , t h . b r t t . r t . c c u l u I . t . r. n d c h r ! g r i u p w i t h - - n c A r t l v ! t l D . r p r c c r n c r g t . T h e b r t t e ! t c l nt u r n l r h t h ! ! r t r r n r g r t I v e . n r r g y t o ! o t o r r r n d t l g h t l l g h t r , u i t hc c r t r l n p c c u l i . r l t l a s t o b e D e | ! t i o n c d r h o r t l t .

! i r r t , h o w c v c r , r D o s t u n u s u r l r t l ! c t o c c u r r I n t h G b r t t c r t . N o t .t [ r t i n D o d e r n t h r o r y t h c v . c u u r I r c o n r l d G r . d t o b c f t t l r d w i t hl l t t l . " h o l r s " o r n e g e t i v e . n e r g t E t r t r t , . r c h n o r t r r l t y f t l l r d b t t h .. l c c t r o n , ( t l C U R ! J r . T h l r " 5 e . o l l i t t l . n . g r t l v r o n a r g t o l c c t r o n t I nh o l ! r " I r c . l l . d t h . D i r r c r c . , r f t r r t h r a ! l n r [ t r c i . n t l J t p . A , n .

D i r a c , w h o c o n c c i v . d t h . t h . o r t

l r r r r r l I i r . r r0aa r l ! r X ra l r ! i c t

l c r l r r l I( l r l i l i c l r l l )

I . t

t l r

t . l

t t r

E L E C T R O N S

E i k . l ' l l J . 1 l c r

\rN E G A T I V E E N E R G Y S T A T E S

F I G U R E 5 . T h c N o r r r l l t - F i l l c d D l r r c g . r

N o w , i n t h e n a g r t i v r t i u c p o r t i o n o f t h e D . c h i n e ' s o p e r a t i o n , w cs h r l l c o n s i d r r t h r t t h . D r r . c 5 e a i 5 i n v r r t e d . T h r t i s , t h . n e q . t r v e. n ! r 9 t . l c c t t o n 5 w i l t n o w " l r l l o u t o t " t h e h o l e s d u r i n g t h . n e g r t i v et i D e p o r t i o n s , p r o d u c i n g n e g r t i v e e n e r g y . T h i i o f c o u r s e i 5 ! e . le n a r g t , r n d d r i v e s D o t o r s a n d l i g h t s . H o w e v e ! , r b ! t t e r t w h r c h h a tb . e n c h r ! 9 i n g t , i t h n . g r t i v e . n e r 9 y h a s s c c u D u l e t . d r p o o l o l e h p t i e dh o l . i i t l i t 6 D i r r c 5 . . ' ( F I G U R E 6 ) - E v e r y t h i n q s e e l s n o r D r l , u n t i l w e

r c o o r c t h r b . t t . r t l r o D t h e n c g . t i c e - e n t r o p y d c v i c e a n d h o o k i t ! p t o. n o r l l l b . t t e r t c h r r 9 . r . N o ! ] w e f i n d a n a B a ! i n g e f f e c t : t h e b . t t e r yv r i l l r t l i r 5 t " c r t " o r c o n s u r n e e l G c t r i c i l y , t ^ , h i l e t h e e l e c t r o n s i n t h ec h r r q i n g c u r r e n t r r . t i l l i n g t h e e n p t y D i r a c h o l . s . D u r i n g t h i s l i l -I i n g t i E ! , t h . b r t t e r t w i l l n o t r . c h r r g e t o r e c o e e r i t 5 v o l t r E e . A l t e rt h e s c D i r a c h o l e r h r v e b e e n t i l l e d a g a i n w r t h e l . c t r o n s , t h . b ! t t . r tw l l l . t r r t t o c h r r g r u p n o ( D r l l y , . n d w i l l c o n t . i n n o r r r l , p o 5 i t i v ee n r r g y w h c n c h r r g G d ( F l C U R t ? ) .

V I S I T T O J O H N B E D I N I I 3 ' I I A U C . 6 '

N E C V E E N E

P O S I T I V IE N E R C Y S T I T E S

l 8 I E lrrV A C U U H

II{B I ENT VICUUI{

CURS E}TI NOgc H t r R C r S U P E T T T E R Y

AI,IB I ENTvAcuul l

P r q .

oT T I

oR C !

F I C U B E a . T h t P r r t l r l l t - E r p i l r d D l r r c 3 t r

I } I P E R T C E I I L I . I N G O P E R I T I O N\:-----l - -

b \ . . - t ,-r_rr-t-r5t_qJ-

t l G U n f ? . f l l t t r g T h r D l r r c 5 . r l l o l . r

E i l . l ' l u e l l e r

b . t t e r t , t h i s i s r

g € n u i n c o r r f e L e .

O t h e r n e g i t i Y €

l e r s t p a r t i r l l t o n

l a c t 5 l s t o t a v e r s e

r u n n i n g o n p o s i t i v e

V I S I T T O J O H N E E D I N I I T / I I T U C , E I P . 9 c - U 2

0 n o n . t e r t , a E e d i n i b . t t . r y r . D o v . d f ( o D l h . o p . r . t i n g X r o E r . y -t t p . d . v i c . c o n r u E . d a l . c t r i c r l c u r r . n t t o r 1 1 0 D i n u t e s b . ( o r c t h eD i r . c h o l e 5 r , e r c f i l l e d r n d t h e b . t t e r y s t a r t e d t o c h . r a e n o r E r l l r .

A t t h . C o l o r . d o S p r i n g i T . r l r g . n t . n n i . l g y E p o s i u E , t h . b . t t e r tt r o D T o d I J e t s o n ' 5 8 € d i n i - t y p e l r e e - . n e r 9 t d e y i c e r . r . 5 s t o l r n - - p r o b r b -I t b t . q c n t 5 w h o t n o w o f t h ! G l l c c t , r n d w . n t c d t o s e a i l t h ! b . t t e r tr r h i b i t e d t h . " D i r r c { i l l t i o € " e f l e c t . T h r t i s , t h . t c o u l d . b e o l u t c t t. r c e r t . i n r , h e l h . r o r n o t h i s d r v i c e r . r . s r a r l , s t D p l t b y t e s l i n g t h .b . t t e r y t o r e e i ( i t . r h i b i t e d t h e e t l e c t .

O n . n t l r . e - r n ! r g t d e v i c r w h i c h i 5 p o w e r e d l r o E r r e c h . r g i n gt h e d e v i c e i rD o s i t i v . t e s t t o r s c € r t . i n t , J h e t h e r

t i E e . f l e c t s . r e e v i d e n c e d b y i r l o t o r r u ' l n i n g r tn e g r t i v a e n e r g y . T h c v r a y t o u n d e r s t . n d t h . s e e f -

i n o u r u r n d s w h r t w o u l d h r p p e n t o I n o r D . l E o t o re n e r g y e n d p 0 5 i t i e c t i E e .

F o r e r a n p l e , o n e E a t v i s u e l i t r a t l o i o r r u n n i n g a t c o n 5 t r n t s p e a de 5 c o n t a i n i n g s o D e c o n 5 t . n t v a l u e o { e n r r g t . t e n t g i v e n t i D e . I f . l lt h c e n e r g y i 5 p o s i t i v . . n d t h e t i n e p r 5 s i n g i 5 p o s i t i r . , w h . n o n !s h o r t s t h e t e r n i n a l s o n e r e l l o v e g p o s i t i v e e n e r q y . T h e D o t o r t h u 5 d i . 5 .O n t h e o t h . r h a n d , i f t h e D o t o r c o n l r i n s r n e g a t i v e . n e r g y . n d n e g . -t i v e t t E e , 5 h o r t i n 9 t h r t e r E i n a l s r e E o v e s n e g a t l v e e n e r g y a n d n e g . t i v .t i D e . T h i s i 5 e q u i r a . l a n t t o i n c r e t s i n g n e g r t i v e e n e r g y i n p o s l t i v et i D e . T h e r e f o r e t h e l a b o r . t o r y o b s e r v e t v , i l l o b s € r v . t h € E o t o r t oi n c r ! . 5 e i t s s p e . d w h r n t h e t e r t D i n . l 5 r r . s h o r t a d . E i k e H u . l l . r d i -r r c t l t o b E e r v e s t h i r c t t e c t i n t h e B e d l n l d e v i c r .

. S i t ! l l r r l t , i t o n ! r d d 5 . d d i t i o n r l l o r d i t o . n e g . t i r r G n . r 9 t ,n c g r t i y a t i D e [ o t o r , o n e i r a g a i n r e D o v i n g n e g . l i v e e n a r g y a n d n € g a -t i v c t i E . , w h i c h i r i d e n t i c . l t o e d d i n g n e g r t i v e . n e r g t i n p o s i t l v at i . e . T h u i a g r l n t h r D o t o r i n c r e r s e 5 l t 5 s p e e d p r e c l E G l t . r E t t .| l u t l l r r ' s t r J t 5 f h o l { c d .

l d d l t l o n r l n . g r t i r c t i E e ! f t . c t r . . G c r h l b l t . d . U t t t l r . t l o n o tn . g r t i r . r n ! r g t p r o d q c e s I R ' c o o l l n g l n s t . r d o l h e r t i n g . T h u r r c s l r -t o r s r n d r . D i c o n d u c t o ! t r u n c o l d . T h e E o r c I o r d r d d G d , t h c o o r c n c a e -t i e . r n r r g t c u r r r n t d r a l r n - - a n d d e v l c e E g e t c o o l r r , ! v c n t h g u g h t h al i g h t t 9 . t b r i g h t e r r n d t h e E o t o r r u n 5 f r s t G r - l l 5 o , t o t h e n e g r t l v ce r . r g y r n c g a t l v c t i D C o p . r a t i o n , t h e f r c q u r n c y / t e B p G r r t u r a 5 p G c t r u D. p p e r r s t o b ! i n v c r t r d . T h r t i f , l n s l e . d o f , , h ! r t i n g u p . i h r o o g hi r r l r a r ! d , i n t o r i q l b l . , i n t o u l t r r r i o l e t , r r d i n t o f - r r y s r t l d q a ! 0 t q tt r I s , t h r n ! g r t l r r a t t c r g t d . e l c . r r h l b i t r " c o o l l n g d o w n i l r o n 9 r D ! r tt o l - r r y r t o v i 6 i b l r t o l n l r r r . d . t n t h i i l l r n r l G r o n . t i n d i t h r t .r i D p l ! l o w v o l t . g c ( p o i i t i v c i n s t r u b c n t ! ! r s u r e l e r t l ) s p r r t r r h i b l t tp r o ( o u n d l t u n u s u r l r t l c c t r : l t J n a 9 . t i v e t i E c / n e g r t i v a c n c r g t / " r o l -t . 9 c " r q r t b r ! r t t e E e l t h i g h T h c s p r r t t h ! r G I o . e D r t r p p . . r o t . r -t r . o r d i n r r t l . n g t h f o r t h e ( s e e D i n g l y ) I o r , v o l t r q c i n d i c . t G d b t D o 5 l -t i t c - t i D C i n t t r u D e n t r . I n . d d i t l o I | , t h r s p . r t E . t b . u n u s u . l l t r t c h I nU V . D i s 5 i o I l o r I - r r t r a i r s i o n . f o r q n c o n t r o l l . d r . r y h i g h - . n c r g tn . 9 e r r t r o p t d e v i c e i , c v a n g a D n r e D l s s i o n b t t b € o b 5 . r e . d l r o . s e e t i n q l t

E i l e l , l u . l l r r V I S I T T O J O H N B E D t N t I 3 ' I { A U G . l { P r g a

" l o w r o l t . 9 r " d . v i c ! r . T h ! t o n g - ' o u 9 h t X - ! r , l . s r r . n d g r b l l r r r y l . r € rs h o u I d b . . . s i l y c o n e t r u c t . b l c r l o n g n e g . t i v t . n t r o p , d e v i c . p r i n _c i 9 l e 5 .

T h . s . r r . i o r t s o u t o f t h . c r c i t i n g . a l . c t , t h r t h r v e b r c o E . r p p r r a n t! n t h . n . g . n t r o p t d r v i c r r b u i t t b , J o h n B e d l n i . F u r t h l r , J o h n h . ,n r g l r n i o o u s I t r . l . r 6 e d 5 u t f i c i r n t d . t r i l s r o t h . t o t h ! r c t p . r i r a n t c r .c a n p ! o d u c a w g r L i r g D o d . l j o f t w o o l h i 5 d e y i c . s _ . T o E V r t r o n h . F. l r G . d t 5 u c c e 5 i I u I r y r e p r i c a t c d t h e t i r r t B e d t n i D o t o r . r n d E c r l . d i tu p i n t o r D u c h l r r g r r d e r i c e . I n r d d i t i o n , E i t e l . l u e l l e r h i D s . l f h a sr r p l i c . t r d I s i D p l i t i e d r . r 5 i o n o l B € d i n i , s T c s l . r w l t c h d e r i c . .

V e r r . o n t h .

9 r 9 c n t o u s b y

L . t u s g G t o no u r h o E a 5 , a n d

v r i t h i t r n d p u t i t t oo u r i n d u s t r i e E .

i E D e d i r l e ! s e t o p o w e r o u r c i t i . s ,

t h r r s h o l d o f r n c w s c i e n c e , a n € w w o r t d , r n d r n . w l i t e ,t h . p i o n . e r s s u c h r 5 T e 5 l . , l . i o r . y , B e d i n i , r n d o t h . r s .

t t l

R a f a r a n c c l

8 : r r d c n , T h o D . r [ . , , , O u i t o n / p e r c e p t r o n p h y s i c s ]l T h e o r t o f l t i 5 t e n c e , p € r c e p t i o n , a n d p h y s i c r l p h e n o r e n r , , ,l ' l r r c h , l 9 ? 3 , N T I S r t D ? 6 3 2 1 0

I b i d .

t 3 l B ! r r d . n , T h o E r s E . , . ' T e 5 l r E I e c t r o E r g n e t i c s r n d I t g- S o r l ! t V e r p o n i ! . t i o n , . p r ! 5 ! n t e d t o t h ! I E E E T e r l r C G n t a n n i . l

S t E p o s i u D , C o l o r r d o C o l l c A c , c o l o r r d o s p i i n g 5 , C o l o r r d ol l l u g u r t l g S l

t l l Y . l h r r o n o r r n d D . E o h o , " S i g n l t l c r n c G o t f l r c t r o r r q n e l i cP o t . n t i r l r l n t h . O u . n t u r T h e o r y . , , T h c p h y r l c . l R c v i . r a , S e c o n dS r r l r s , t t 5 ( 3 ) , l u g r s t l , l t j t , p p . { 6 s _ { t t .

t 5 l 8 . c . C h r D b r r f , p h t r . n c r . L . t t V o l . 5 , t t 6 0 , p . 3 .

A D D I T I O N A L T E g T 6 B Y E I X E N U E L L E R

3 0 l u g s r t / I 8 r p t . E b . r l t S l

I n t h c l i r t l r a r i r t o l [ . r t s I u s c d t h e r o t e r y r w r t c h T h . b r t t . r l e rw . r . l . b . l . d . t l l . n d l 2 ( l . t t r i d . ) . n d t 3 . n d l 4 ( r l 9 h t 5 i d . ) .

H r r r a r r t h r r r i o r a r r t l l r ,

E V E N T I S t . r t . t l 2 : 2 5 p E ; v o l t . q . D . . r u r . E . n t r t . k . n .

E V E N T 2 t t 1 2 . 4 5 p a v o l t . 9 . n r r s u r e E e n t s t . k e n

E V E N T 3 l t l i 0 0 p E l h e l 2 V , 7 5 V l . l o p r e p l . c € d b y . l l 0 / l 0 V t r . n s -

l o r D e r .

E V E N T 1 l t I l 5 p o v o l t . g . l r e . 5 u ! e D e n t s t . l e n

E V E N T 5 A t 1 3 0 p E t e s t i t o p p e d , v o l l . g e ! e a s u r h e n t s t . k e n

T f S L I l s h o w s t h e d . t . r l r d v o l t i l g e D e a 5 u r e a 3 n t 5 d u r t n q t h c c o n d u c t o l

l h r s t r 5 t .

I t L . l l u . l l c r V I S I T T O J O H N B f D I N I l 3 / l t A U C . t l P . g . - : 4

T I I 1 E l l : 2 5 1 2 . 4 5 l : 0 0 I 1 5 1 : 3 0

E V E N T I

V O L T A C EE A T T . r l 1 2 0 l ? 0 l Z . t t 2 . t l 2 IB A T T . | ? t l t t l . t l z . 7 1 2 . 2 l l 28 A T T . | 3 t ? . z l ? I r 2 . 7 1 2 . 8 l ? 6B A T T . T { r Z Z r 2 . 2 l Z . 1 1 2 . ' t l ? . 0

T I 8 I . E I T I g L A ' E R E N T T E / E E D I N I S V I T C H I N G D E V I C E T I R s T s E R I E S

6 P I C T U R E I s h o w s t h e c o r l d u c t o { t h i 5 t e s t T h e b . t t e t l c s w . ( e l a b . l . dt r o E l l t o t 4 ! r o D l . l t t o r i g h t l n t h e c . n t e r t h e r o t a r y 5 s / r t c h , . n dt o t h e l e l t o l r t t h e p o t e n t l o D . t e r f o r i t s t p e e d c o n t t o l ( f r e q u e n c yc o n t r o l o f c i r c u l t ) , c a n b e r e e n . T o t h e r l g h t o l t h . r o t a r t s e i t c h l i

t h a r e l . y w h l c h E v J i t c h e 5 t h e b a t t e r y b . n t s i T o I h e r i g h t o ( t h e r e l a yt 5 t h . l Z V , 7 5 V q u r r t r l r | | l p ! , / h r c h r 5 c o n n e c t . d t o t h . n . g . t l v Pt e r D l n a I r o l b r t t a r t e s l l ' c n d l q

E i t r

ESl l u . l l . r v t s t T T o J o H x S E D t N t l t r l t t u c . t l P . e . - 2 l

LOUIS FOLLRET${ 'S TI I1ER

-.,':?i' -

l l c T l i t I t t f , 8 T S E T U F O r T r s l t S V T T C H r r p E [ t x E m

I t ! : 0 0 p B t h r T r r l r r w i t c h i { r r , . c o n n c c t ! d . T h t , t l B .d r l r r n b t t h c t i ! . r r r h i c h g r r b u l l t b y L o u i a p o l l r r h l lP I C U R E t r h o r t t h r c t ! c u i t d i r g r . r ! o r t h l r t ! t ! l n g o . v l c .I r h o w r t h t r o l l d . t r t r t i t i n g d r y i c . i n o p r r r t r o n .

l h r r . l a t w . ro I C o l {T [C

.nd P I CTIJR t

30 RUG. E4

ifF"36"8*

STRlE

OEVICE

f I cu iE t c tRcu tT D I rCRr f { o r T t i rNc DEVTCE 8y rOUIs po r I r rHx

I r k . l l u c l I e r

E V E N T

T V E N T

TVENT D

E V E N T E

V I S I T T O J O H i I E E D I N I I 3 / I { A U C E I

r n p r r a l

c o n n e c t € d

P r g . - ? 6

l e l t o t | l e

t o b a t t s r y

t"!:'t ,i t

/ii t i . %

$(,;:

\

P I C T U N I I T H I s O L I D S T A T E T I I { I N C D E V I C E I X O P T N I T I O N

T . r t h l r t o ! y :

E V E N T T t t 3 : 1 0 p o t e s t 5 t a r t e d , l o . d t r . 5 a l l 0 / 1 0 v t r r n s ( o r h r !

b . t u r e e n t h e t i r o n e g a t i v e t e r D r n . l s o f b i t t e r i . t l ? r n d l 4

T h . i e c o n d r r y i i d . t h e t . . n s t o r D e r - w . E c o n n e c t . d t o l w o 4 0 v ,

I l 0 v l r g h t b q l b 5 l n p i r a l l e l .

A t { i 3 0 p ! r s E A I I 1 1 0 v t r n w a E . d d e d

t w o l l 0 V l i g h t b u l b 5 .

l l 4 r 0 0 p o v o l t l g € o e a E U r e u e n t s t . k e n

A t 5 : 4 0 p D . l 2 V , 7 5 t l q u r r t r l r E p w i st l .

I

l l 6 ; 0 0 p a v o l t . g e t i e r 5 u r e D e n t s t . L e n . P I C T U R E 3 s h o | J s t h i s

i e t u p l t l e f t i 5 t h e q u . ( t r l r n g c o n n e c t e d t o b e l t e r t t l

l n l h e c e n t a r t a r e g r o u n d a r e t h a t t r o l n c t n d e s c e n t l a l l p s T o

l h r r i q h t o f t h e l . o p s r s t h e l l 0 V A C t . n B e h r n d t h e I a n

. n d o u t o l 5 i g h t i : t h e r e l a y N € r t r 5 t h e l l 0 / 1 0 V t l . n 5 -

f o r o e ( , h o o L e d u p t o t h c t w o n e g a t l v € t . t n l n l l 5 o l b . t t e r l e 5

t 2 a n d l { . T h e s o l i d s t . t e t i D t n g ) d e v l c e r s l o c . t € d b . t w . € n

t h r t r a n s f o r h e r . n d b r t t e r Y l {

E r L r t { u . l 1 . . V I g I T T O J O H X B E D I N I I 3 / I t A U C E I P . g . -

i l j r 1 1 . :t rb: flii+t ';t I

l l g h t b u l b c o n n e c t e d b r . - k r l r t o t h t

:-r:..?ii.l

D t a T O r t T r r I . / I r . n t t r , I r d i n I S w l t c h l n g d . v l c . l o r d . d u i t h t r J ol l 0 V l i g h t b u l b . , 1 l 0 V { . n . n d r l l V 7 1 1 , , q q . r t t 1 . . p .

A t 3 0 p E v o l t r g e l D e . g u r e B e n t E t . k e n

o n e l l 0 V l r g h t b u l b d i ! c o n n e c t c d

EV ENT

E V E N T

EV ENT H

l l t L t

A t ? : 0 0 p o

A t ? ? : p D t h e s a D e l l 0c i . c ! i t

l s h i r t . 5 , l r e r t 5 u l t r o f t h l g l a i t

T l d t 3 l i { 0 l

t

{ 3 0

L

! { !

lt

l ! 0

t

| 3 0

t

? 0 0

N

v0 rTrcf, . \ n l i I lE r f i 1 1 , ,l r m t ' t r !t rTT t (

i 11 , '

: tt i

l i r

, ; !

r i :

l i r

t :

L t cl ; I

. l

l l i

. , t

l , i

: :

' f r 8 L J 2 . i l f C l r . . : - 0 r . V l . , S t e O N O : [ h l t l

E i t . l l u . l l . r

H . ( e a g . l n l i r s t

E V E N T I 0 3 0 p D

E V I N T J

EV ENT

E V E N T

E V E N T

E V E N T

I t : 0 5

I I r 3 0

l 0 : 3 0q u r l n 9w i ! et l r e n

l 1 : 3 0

P . 9 . - 2 8

d i r a c l

V I S I T T O J O H N E E D I N I I 3 / I I A U C . E {

T T B L E 3 s h o w s r t r € c o n t r r . u a t r o n o . a b o v e q € a S u t e t ! € n t 5

1 5 ! t !

t h e e v e n t s

v o l t i g e I e r i u r c @ e n t r t a k a n

v o l t r 9 e E e l s u r e r o c n t s t a L e n

v o l t a g e n a r g u a a o e n t E t t k a n

v o l t a g e E a : s u r e E e n t r t t t e n .

p ! v o l t . g c r o e t g u r € E l a n t i t a k € n .

r t ! ( l 5 r p ) d i E c o v e r y . I t . . ! n i t h . 5 b e e n o p e { . t ! d. l I n i g h l t h . t b o t h I l 0 V l . D p r w . ! e o u t a n d t h . t o n €

w t s b ( o t ! n d u e t o o y a r h a r t l n g . V o l t a g e o e a s u l e D e n t 5

a D v o l t i g e E e a s u r c n e n t 5 t a L e n .

J Ol 0 p e

P o

N

E V E N T O

E V E N T P 3 : 0 0 p E r l l l i ! h t r r g r i n o u t , v o l t . 9 . E e . s u r e n . n t i t r k . n .T h e l o w v o l t t g e o f b r t t e . l l 2 - E . r l e d w r t h ( r ) r n t h e T A B L E3 - r r ! o s t p r o b . b l y c r u s e d b y t h € b r c L t x t f ( o o t h e t r . n s -l o I D . r . T h r r d e r l t r . n l o r a . r w o u l d b e . n i n v c r t a r t r t n s l o r -E r r l 0 V t o l l 0 V .

T h r r u E l r l ! y o l t h r r t . s t c . n b c a e e n i n T I B L E 3 w h i c hc o n t i n u . t i o n o ( T l S L t 2 .

i 5

l : 3 0 p r t . l 5 l l : ! l l l : 0 5 l l : 3 1 l ! : ! 0 r r l l : ! 0Ttnt

lv tt{T

3 0 0 p r

v0 t c tt r T I l l l l . lt a T T . u l l . II T T T . l l . lB I T T . | | l I . 1

l l . l5 t ( r t

l l . 0

l l . l

l l . I

t t I

l l I

l l . l

l l 5

l l . l1 l . t

t ? |

l l . al l . t

5

l l I

l l . t

TIILE 3 CONTINUATION OT I {EASURET{ENTS SHOVN IN TTITT

T h c l o t a l t t s t r u n i 5 5 u o B . r t t e d i n C R A P H I o n t h a ( o l l o l r i n g p r g e

t h r r g r r p h I s h o w t h e v o l t r g e s o f . l l b a t t e r i G ! o v . t t h . t e s t l l D .h o u r r .

l n

i n

E l L . l l u . l l . r P r g . - l 9

T E S L A / A R E N T T E / B E D I N I S W I T C H I N G D E V I C E T E S T S

[I'r], sAlTtRY tl f',;tl | oATTERT t2 V7 t BAITER\ tl [:EI I sATTtRr tt

l : l | } 5 0 2 : 3 0 a r l g 6 ; C i 8 t ? l 1 9 ! 2 1 2 l : 2 0 2 3 r ! l

T E S T T I H E I l ' J H O U R S : f I I N U T E S

V I S I T T O J O H X B E D I N I I 3 / I I A U C . E I

BA

- l

TER

ohE

l l . t t

12 , t l

l t . re

8. t l

6 , l l

a , t l

2 . t l

t , 0 c

G I T P T I I T E S L I / S R T X T T I ' I E O I X I S I J I T C H I N C D E V I C E T E E T S U I T I I I R I

'

;

b