REPORT ON STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES) TRAINING PROGRAMME (MARCH-AUGUST 2011) AT INTERWEB SATCOM LTD BY DYE EVELYN MARKUS (07CK06331) INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY COVENANT UNIVERSITY BEING A REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE SIWES DIRECTOR IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR GEC (429) SIWES DIRECTOR / Ag. DEAN CST: SEPTEMBER 2011. SIWES REPORT BY DYE EVELYN MARKUS 07CK06331 ICT Page 1
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REPORT ON STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES)
TRAINING PROGRAMME
(MARCH-AUGUST 2011)
AT
INTERWEB SATCOM LTD
BY
DYE EVELYN MARKUS
(07CK06331)
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
COVENANT UNIVERSITY
BEING A REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE SIWES DIRECTOR IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR
GEC (429)
SIWES DIRECTOR / Ag. DEAN CST:
SEPTEMBER 2011.
SIWES REPORT BY DYE EVELYN MARKUS 07CK06331 ICT Page 1
DEDICATION
I dedicate this first to The Almighty God for giving me the strength, wisdom and grace to finish
my SIWES successfully and to write this report. To my parents Engr. & Mrs. Markus Choji Dye
who provided for me and to my very good friend Engr. Musa Salmamza Mshelia.
SIWES REPORT BY DYE EVELYN MARKUS 07CK06331 ICT Page 2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I acknowledge my parents Engr. & Mrs Markus Choji Dye for being there for me all the time
and for providing the necessary support, I appreciate it a lot and I love you. My siblings wullie
and Jenny, though not here in Nigeria, but they also contributed and supported me the best way
they could. My Aunt Miss Gilda Choji and Linda Wash for helping me complete my IT
successfully. My uncles, Mr Gyang Choji and Mr Yakubu Choji, for being there for me always.
My aunts, Mrs Victoria Kelechi, Mrs Mary, Mrs Joesphine, for all their wonderful support and
love. My cousin David choji am grateful.
To Mrs Nshi I am so grateful for everything you have done. Rueben, Accord, Mr. Aniete, Mr
Rainbow, Nancy, Mr moro, Biola, Gloria and Mr. Monday at Interweb thank you very much for
making my IT a success. To all COCIN Garki Band members, am very grateful.
Engr. Moses, I don’t know what to say, but thank you very much for helping me get a placement
and providing the necessary support and understanding and to all my friends, thank you.
Finally, thank you almighty God for my life that you spared and for everything. Words cannot
express how much I love you.
SIWES REPORT BY DYE EVELYN MARKUS 07CK06331 ICT Page 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
DEDICATION…………………………………………………….2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………3
TABLE OF CONTENT…………………………………………….4
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………..5
SHORT INTRODUCTION: INTERWEB AND SERVICES PROVIDED…6
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION………………………………………7
PARTICIPATION/WORK DONE…………………………………….8
CHAPTER 2: EXPERIENCE GAINED………………………………..19
CHAPTER 3: CHALLENGES FACED BY STUDENT…………………30………
CHAPTER 4: OBSERVATION & CONTRIBUTIONS……………………31.
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION……………………………………………….34
CHAPTER 6: CHALLENGES OBSERVED AS BEING FACED BY THE SIWES-BASED
FIRM………..35
SIWES REPORT BY DYE EVELYN MARKUS 07CK06331 ICT Page 4
ABSTRACT
VSAT Technology, one of the leading Technologies Globally. It is well known for its flexibility,
versatility, availability and I can go on and on. Its installations and configurations are easy to
comprehend and implement unlike other means of satellite communications which require great
expertise.
VSAT has different network topologies in which it can be configured; it can be the mesh, star or
a combination of both. Despite the fact that VSAT has some disadvantage, it equally has some
advantages which give it an edge over other types of satellite communications.
This is as a result of the Students Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) that I undertook
in INTERWEB SATCOM LTD.
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INTRODUCTION
INTERWEB SATCOM LTD is one of the largest internet service providers (ISP) in Abuja and is
registered with National Communication Commission (NCC) and it commenced operation in
2006. INTERWEB SATCOM LTD provides internet services to different private and
Governmental organizations. They deal mainly with VSAT and also sell devices like modems
and dishes with about 6 months warranty. They also provide technical support to different
organizations.
The Chairman of the company Mr. Monday Okpebholo and his supported members of board,
The General managers oversea the affairs of the various directorates which are broken into
divisions. Heads of divisions man the various positions with junior staffs forming the bulk of the
staff strength.
CEO:
He is the general overseer of the organization. The General Manager’s i.e. GM Marketing and
GM Technical, Manager Accounts and Manager Personnel report directly to him.
THE GENERAL MANAGERS:
They are in charge of everything from the Technical department to the marketing department. In
which the managers report directly to.
THE STAFF BODY:
They carry out the installation, configuration, and documentation, keep the funds and its records
and offer customer services.
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CHAPTER ONE
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF SIWES
The Student Industrial Work Experience Scheme (SIWES) is accepted skill-training programme
that forms part of the approved minimum academics standards in the various degree programme
for all Nigerian Universities. It is an effort to bridge the gap existing between theory and practice
of Engineering and Technology, Science, Agriculture, Medical, Management and other
professional educational programme in Nigerian tertiary institution. It is aimed at exposing
student to machines and equipment, professional work methods and ways of safe guarding the
work areas and workers in industries and other organization. The minimum duration for the
SIWES should normally be 24weeks except for Engineering and Technology programme where
the minimum duration is 40weeks. The scheme is tripartite programme involving the student, the
University and the industry. It is funded by the Federal Government of Nigerian and jointly
coordinated by the industrial Training Fund (ITF) and National University Commission (NUC)
The aims and objectives of the Student Industrial Works Experience Scheme are:
1. It prepares students for the work situation they likely to meet after graduation.
2. It exposes student to work methods and techniques in handling equipment and machinery
that may not be available in the Universities.
3. It makes the transition from the University to the world of work easier and thus enhances
student’s contact for later job placement.
4. It provides students with an opportunity to apply their theoretical knowledge in real work
situation, there by bridging the gap between Universities work and actual practice.
5. It provides an avenue for student in the Nigeria Universities to acquire industrials skills and
experience in their course of study.
6. It enlists and strengthens employer’s involvement in the entire educational process of
preparing Universities graduate for employment in industry.
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PARTICIPATION/ WORK DONE
In INTERWEB SATCOM LTD, I worked in the Technical department as one of their engineers.
I worked alongside the other engineers to provide technical support to customers. I install and
configure customer’s internet connection and also troubleshoot.
However, if there are challenges that arise in any of the sites, we are being called upon. I and the
other engineers go there and find out what went wrong and provide solutions to those challenges
that arise at the sites. In the office I record and document information on any site job being
completed.
TECHNICAL SUPPORT TO CUSTOMERS
Use of high quality equipments such as iDirect
iDirect is the industry leader in satellite-based broadband access solutions delivering all the
benefits of high speed IP networking beyond the constraints of traditional landline networks.
SIWES REPORT BY DYE EVELYN MARKUS 07CK06331 ICT Page 8
CUSTOMER SERVICES VP
BACKBONE TEAM LEADER
BACKBONE TEAM
VSAT TEAM LEADER
Developed specifically to meet the communication needs of satellite customers, iDirect powered
networks deliver the speed, performance and flexibility to fulfill the most demanding
requirements of today’s end users - anywhere.
C-Band Spot Beam
Intelsat 907, 27.5°W. Satellite coverage map and key parameters
SIWES REPORT BY DYE EVELYN MARKUS 07CK06331 ICT Page 9
KU SERVICE -SATELLITE CHARACTERISTICS
IS 907 at 332.5 Degrees East
Transponder 42/72
Linear polarization
Cross-strap transmission
Hub uplink transmission from USA teleport on transponder 42 (C-Band) is transmitted
down to Nigeria on transponder 72 (Ku-Band)
Remote uplink transmission from Nigeria on transponder 72 (Ku-Band) is transmitted
down to USA teleport on transponder 42 (C-Band)
KU AND C BAND SATELLITE DIFFERENCES
KU BAND
Not used for Terrestrial communication
Uses small antennas
Beam width less than half of that used for C-Band
Less FCC-imposed limits on Downlink signal.
Susceptible to rain fade.
C-BAND
Susceptible to terrestrial microwave interference
Larger, more expensive dishes
Wider beam width
FCC-imposed limits on downlink
Less susceptible to rain.
VSAT INSTALLATION
The antenna needs to be mounted where it can ‘see’ the satellite and where it is safe from unauthorized access in order to prevent any damage or harm from occurring to either the antenna or people. Ideally, the antenna should be sheltered from wind.
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THE OUTDOOR UNIT (ODU)
The outdoor RF unit (ORU) is mounted on the arm in front of the antenna reflector and houses the Radio Frequency (RF) equipment required to transmit (TX) and receive (RX) from the antenna.
The outdoor RF unit comprises of two radio modules: a low noise block down converter (LNB) and a transmit block up converter (BUC) plus an ortho-mode transducer (OMT) which is the joint where they transmit and receive waveguides join. A band pass and band stop microwave filter is used prior to the LNB to protect it from the transmitter signals. For circular polarization, a polarizer is located between the OMT and the feed horn.
GROUND MOUNT:
This involves a tube lowered into a hole which is then filled in with concrete. Alternatively the tube may have a metal base plate attached so that it may be screwed to a plain concrete base using expanding bolt or similar. The pole should be accurately vertical so that when you swing the dish around to find the satellite the elevation angle stays the same all the time.
Securing the area with fencing or similar may be necessary.
NON PENETRATING MOUNT:
Based on an angle iron frame covered in concrete slabs, the antenna support tube is held vertical by several angle braces. Make sure that all angle braces are tight so that the pole does not wobble or twist in the wind. Read the assembly instructions carefully. The lower and upper angle braces may need to be attached to opposite sides of the vertical pole to prevent twisting.
A permanent safety rope is advised to be attached between the dish assembly and some fixed part of the building so that the dish does not blow off the building in exceptionally high winds.
Check the building roof is strong enough to support the weight of all the concrete blocks. In many cases a non-penetrating mount is not possible due to weak roof.
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IFL CABLES
One or two coax cables will be required for the radio signals. These also carry low voltage DC supplies to power the LNB and BUC. The centre pin of the F connector must stick out about 2mm. The outer braid of both coax cables must be well connected at all four ends. If the outer braid of one coax cable is disconnected somewhere there will be very strange effects.
The antenna structure should be earthed to provide some protection from lightning strikes. If the building uses PME type earthing then consult a competent electrician regarding the lightning earth connection as there is a risk of hazard if an electricity network fault arises. In some countries useful regulations exist and provide guidance on how to earth the antenna safely.
Take care connecting up both the coax and earth cables as there may be differential earth voltages at each end. A thick earth cable between the antenna structure and the indoor chassis unit should make it safe to connect up the coax cables. If in doubt use the outer of one coax to make contact between the indoor unit chassis and the antenna before plugging in the other coax, noting that the centre pin of the coax may connect up first before the outer.
THE INDOOR DATA PROCESSING UNIT (DPU) OR SATELLITE MODEM
The indoor data processing unit (DPU) should be located in a dry, cool and clean place.
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SAFETY
Installing a dish is normally dangerous. Take care not to fall down and not to drop tools on others below. Be careful with ladders- always tie off the top to some secure point. A small electric shock may make you fall off a ladder so be extra careful.
If you are a beginner, practice the complete installation at ground level before moving everything to the roof.
ACCURACY OF DISH POINTING AND POLARISATION ALIGNMENT
Set the antenna elevation angle using an inclinometer, or by using the scale on the antenna as accurately as you can to the elevation of the desired satellite. Lock in position but make sure that you can still move the antenna left and right in Azimuth.
Determine your latitude and longitude on the earth by using a GPS receiver or by estimation using a mapping website.
To find the correct satellite you will ideally have a satellite meter or a spectrum analyzer.
Inexpensive signal meters will give an increased level reading as you pass each satellite. They do not identify the satellite you are looking at as you pass it or point up on it. If you can identify a known satellite with such a device then you will have found a reference satellite. The satellite you want can then be found by looking up the angles for the reference satellite and adjusting the antenna accordingly from this position to the angles for the satellite you actually want.
The dish pointing (azimuth and elevation) needs to be near perfect (within the -0.25 dB of the beam peak on transmit) as the transmit beam is narrower then they receive beam.
The feed rotation polarization adjustment needs to be to 1 deg accuracy to ensure that you are in the very sharp null. Make this adjustment very slowly while the hub staffs watch the CW signals on their spectrum analyzer. Give the hub staff plenty time to make each measurement (20 seconds) and then rotate the feed a fraction while talking to them. They are looking for a signal about 25 -35 dB down so it is not easy.
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VSAT CONFIGURATION
Most VSAT networks are configured in one of these topologies:
A star topology, using a central uplink site, such as a network operations center (NOC), to transport data back and forth to each VSAT terminal via satellite, Data sent to the
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