Report on Research

8/8/2019 Report on Research

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The Historical ResearchThe Historical Research

MethodMethod

JulieJulie JunioJunioDina CruzDina Cruz



Definition and PurposeDefinition and Purpose

1.1. Historical research: theHistorical research: thesystematic collection andsystematic collection and

objective evaluation of dataobjective evaluation of datarelated to past occurrences inrelated to past occurrences inorder to test hypothesisorder to test hypothesis



2 .2 . Steps to historical research:Steps to historical research:Definition of a problemDefinition of a problemFormulation of hypothesesFormulation of hypothesesSystematic collection of dataSystematic collection of dataObjective evaluationObjective evaluationConfirmation or disconfirmationConfirmation or disconfirmationof hypothesesof hypotheses



InterpretationInterpretation

We need to define a question or We need to define a question or problem before doing researchproblem before doing research

and data collection in order toand data collection in order tobe systematic, objective andbe systematic, objective andinclude all possible sources of include all possible sources of information.information.



Definition of a ProblemDefinition of a Problem

The purpose of a historical research:The purpose of a historical research:to explain or predictto explain or predictLimited to whatever data are alreadyLimited to whatever data are alreadyavailableavailableBetter to study in depth a wellBetter to study in depth a welldefined problem with specificdefined problem with specific

hypothesis, than to investigate a toohypothesis, than to investigate a too- -broadly stated problem, or one whichbroadly stated problem, or one whichinsufficient data is availableinsufficient data is available



Data CollectionData Collection

The review of related literatureThe review of related literatureand study procedures are partand study procedures are partof the same processof the same process

Literature = all sorts of writtenLiterature = all sorts of writtencommunicationcommunication



Written communication can beWritten communication can belegal documents, records,legal documents, records,minutes of meetings, lettersminutes of meetings, letters

In education might involveIn education might involveinterviewsinterviews



Primary sources= firsthandPrimary sources= firsthandinformationinformation

Original documentsOriginal documentsReports by participantsReports by participantsDirect observersDirect observers

Secondary sources= secondSecondary sources= secondhand informationhand information

Reference booksReference books

Reports by relatives of participantsReports by relatives of participantsor observersor observers



Data Analysis: External andData Analysis: External andCriticismCriticism

All sources of historical data as All sources of historical data as

subjected to analysis to:subjected to analysis to:determine its authenticitydetermine its authenticity

(external)(external)accuracy (internal)accuracy (internal)



When determining the accuracyWhen determining the accuracymust consider four factorsmust consider four factors

1.1. Knowledge and competence of Knowledge and competence of the author the author

2 .2 . Time delay between theTime delay between theoccurrence and recording of occurrence and recording of eventsevents

3.3. Biases of author Biases of author 4.4. Consistency of dataConsistency of data



Data SynthesisData Synthesis

Historical data should beHistorical data should beorganized and synthesized (putorganized and synthesized (putall the pieces together) andall the pieces together) andconclusions and generalizationsconclusions and generalizationsdrawndrawn





Confirmation or DisconfirmationConfirmation or Disconfirmationof Hypothesisof Hypothesis

when evaluating your analysiswhen evaluating your analysisand sources, you may discover and sources, you may discover that you maythat you may notnot confirm your confirm your hypothesis, but create newhypothesis, but create newpossible questions for further possible questions for further

studystudy



G uidelines of Writing theG uidelines of Writing theHistorical Research ReportHistorical Research Report

1.1. State your own argument or State your own argument or question early and your question early and your interpretations of your interpretations of your research resultsresearch results

2 .2 . Provide examples to supportProvide examples to supportyour findings to provide validityyour findings to provide validityfor your interpretationfor your interpretation



3.3. Provide an objective overview of Provide an objective overview of the topic that includes other the topic that includes other interpretations that may differ frominterpretations that may differ fromyour own but also show why your your own but also show why your interpretation, using data is new or interpretation, using data is new or

unique.unique.

4.4. Point out any possiblePoint out any possibleunsubstantiated sections of your unsubstantiated sections of your

interpretation in order to presentinterpretation in order to presentyourself as an objective andyourself as an objective andcredible researcher and suggestcredible researcher and suggestthat it merits further investigation.that it merits further investigation.



Systems make itSystems make itpossible,possible,

People make itPeople make ithappen.happen.



Thank you!!!Thank you!!!END SHOW

Report on Research

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