Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 18-1 Log #1170q NEC-P18 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Russell LeBlanc, The Peterson School In articles 90 through 830, if the wording is not already there, then add the words (or other structure(s) ) after the word BUILDING(S) wherever the intent of the requirement is to also include STRUCTURES as well as buildings. There is a flaw in the NEC. The term "building" is used over 1000 times in the NEC, and in most of the cases the words "or other structure" should follow and apply the same requirements to bridges, billboards, towers, tanks, and other structures that are by definition NOT BUILDINGS. One specific example I can use is section 225.10 Wiring on Buildings. I believe that this section is also intended to be applied structures, but the wording "or other structures" is not in the heading or the paragraph. There are literally thousands of other instances throughout the code that this same problem exists. This can easily be seen by doing an electronic search for the word "building". In some cases the words "or other structure" (or similar wording) are present, but in the vast majority where the requirements should also be applied to structures other than buildings, the wording is not there. The substantiation does not demonstrate a definitive problem exists with the current text. It may not be appropriate to add "or other structures" in all cases. Affirmative: 10 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 18-2 Log #921q NEC-P18 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Joe Tedesco, Boston, MA The term "adequate" and "adequately" and "inadequately" and "inadequate" should be replaced with terms that can be properly enforced and understood. Terms are not defined and are considered vague and unenforceable per Table 3.2.1 in the NEC Style Manaual. They are all "incorrect " 148 times in the NEC. The proposal does not specify where the terms are used nor does it suggest replacement terms. Affirmative: 10 1 Printed on 3/16/2012
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Print MultiReport on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
18-1 Log #1170q NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Russell LeBlanc, The Peterson School
In articles 90 through 830, if the wording is not already there,
then add the words (or other structure(s)) after the word
BUILDING(S) wherever the intent of the requirement is to also
include STRUCTURES as well as buildings.
There is a flaw in the NEC. The term "building" is used over 1000
times in the NEC, and in most of the cases the words "or other
structure" should follow and apply the same requirements to
bridges, billboards, towers, tanks, and other structures that are
by definition NOT BUILDINGS. One specific example I can use is
section 225.10 Wiring on Buildings. I believe that this section is
also intended to be applied structures, but the wording "or other
structures" is not in the heading or the paragraph. There are
literally thousands of other instances throughout the code that
this same problem exists. This can easily be seen by doing an
electronic search for the word "building". In some cases the words
"or other structure" (or similar wording) are present, but in the
vast majority where the requirements should also be applied to
structures other than buildings, the wording is not there.
The substantiation does not demonstrate a definitive problem exists
with the current text. It may not be appropriate to add "or other
structures" in all cases.
Affirmative: 10
The term "adequate" and "adequately" and "inadequately" and
"inadequate" should be replaced with terms that can be properly
enforced and understood.
Terms are not defined and are considered vague and unenforceable
per Table 3.2.1 in the NEC Style Manaual. They are all "incorrect"
148 times in the NEC.
The proposal does not specify where the terms are used nor does it
suggest replacement terms.
Affirmative: 10
1Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
18-3 Log #2889 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
James F. Williams, Fairmont, WV
Revise text to read as follows:
Systems of illumination utilizing fluorescent lamps, high-intensity
discharge (HID) lamps, or neon tubing.
Systems of illumination utilizing fluorescent lamps, high-intensity
discharge (HID) lamps, or neon tubing.
The defined term is referenced in several articles of the NEC: 100
I, 210, 300, 310, 410, 450, 600, In general, Article 100 shall
contain definitions of terms that appear in two or
more other articles of the .
Affirmative: 10
Revise text to read as follows:
A lighting system consisting of an isolating power supply, the low
voltage luminaires, and associated equipment that are all
identified for the use. The output circuits of the power supply are
rated for not more than 25 amperes and operate at 30 volts (42.4
volts peak) or less under all load conditions.
A lighting system consisting of an isolating power supply, the low
voltage luminaires, and associated equipment that are all
identified for the use. The output circuits of the power supply are
rated for not more than 25 amperes and operate at 30 volts (42.4
volts peak) or less under all load conditions.
The defined term is referenced in several articles of the NEC: (4),
, , & In general, Article 100 shall contain definitions of
terms that appear in two or
more other articles of the .
Section 250.22(4) does not use the term "lighting systems operating
at 30 volts or less" and Table 680.3 uses the term "site lighting
systems operating at 30 volts or less." Even using the exposure in
Article 680 there is only one article where this term is used and
therefore the existing wording is in compliance with Section
2.2.2.1 of the 2011 edition of the NEC Style Manual.
Affirmative: 10
2Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
18-5 Log #1482 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
James F. Williams, Fairmont, WV
Revise text to read as follows:
A manufactured assembly designed to support and energize luminaires
that are capable of being readily repositioned on the track. Its
length can be altered by the addition or subtraction of sections of
track.
A manufactured assembly designed to support and energize luminaires
that are capable of being readily repositioned on the track. Its
length can be altered by the addition or subtraction of sections of
track.
The defined term is referenced in several articles of the NEC: , ,
& In general, Article 100 shall contain definitions of terms
that appear in two or
more other articles of the .
Relocate the definition to Article 100 and revise text to read as
follows: A manufactured assembly designed to support and energize
luminaires that are
capable of being readily repositioned on the track. Its length can
be altered by the addition or subtraction of sections of
track.
The term is modified to reflect the use of the two terms in other
locations in the code.
Affirmative: 10
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Marcelo M. Hirschler, GBH International
Revise text to read as follows: A complete lighting
unit consisting of a light source such as a lamp or lamps, together
with the parts
designed to position the light source and connect it to the power
supply. It may also include parts to protect the light source or
the ballast or to distribute the light. A lampholder itself is not
a luminaire.
It may also include parts to protect the light source or the
ballast or to distribute the light A lampholder itself is not a
luminaire.
The NFPA Manual of Style requires definitions to be in single
sentences. The information provided in the subsequent sentences is
not really a part of the definition; it is further information that
is best placed in an informational note.
Because the NEC is formatted differently from other NFPA standards
the CMP uses the NEC Style manual for editorial and administrative
requirements. When not specified in this manual the panel complies
with the NFPA Manual of Style. In reviewing section 2.2.2.2 of the
NEC Style Manual and section 2.3.2 of the NFPA Manual of Style no
reference to requiring definitions in one sentence exists.
Affirmative: 10
3Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
18-7 Log #3350a NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Steven R. Montgomery, 2D2C Inc.
Add new text to read as follows: Equipment incorporating means to
detect certain
out of parameter conditions of supply voltage and load current and
mitigate, by circuit interruption, the effects of (a) overload
within utilization equipment; and (b) over- or under-voltage, that
can pose a risk of fire ignition under certain conditions.
A definition of an Out of Parameter Circuit Interrupter -
Voltage/Current (OPCI-VI) is needed to describe this fire
prevention technology presently manufactured by multiple suppliers
and under consideration for adoption in several places elsewhere in
NFPA 70.
Note that sister proposals have been submitted as a new 210.13 and
406.3(D). Staff Note: This proposal has also been sent to
Code-Making Panel 2 for review and action.
The definition is not justified because the submitter has not
specified how much the parameters must be out of specification to
be able to serve as a fire prevention technology. While nothing in
the Code would prevent the installation of such a Listed device, no
requirement should be in place since there is no fact finding or
other scientific study that correlates the amount of out of spec
the parameters must be to be consider a fire prevention
device.
Affirmative: 10
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Marcelo M. Hirschler, GBH International
Revise text to read as follows: A receptacle is a
contact device installed at the outlet for the connection of an
attachment plug. A single
receptacle is a single contact device with no other contact device
on the same yoke. A multiple receptacle is two or more contact
devices on the same yoke. A single receptacle is a single contact
device with no other contact device on the same yoke.
A multiple receptacle is two or more contact devices on the same
yoke. The NFPA Manual of Style requires definitions to be in single
sentences. The information provided in
the subsequent sentences is not really a part of the definition; it
is further information that is best placed in an informational
note.
Refer to the panel action and statement on Proposal 18-6 which
addresses the submitter's issue of definition style.
Affirmative: 10
4Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
18-9 Log #2619 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Richard D. Gottwald, International Sign Association
Add new text to read as follows: A general term for a complete
subassembly of parts and devices for field conversion of
utilization
eguipment. As applied to luminaires, signs and outline lighting for
conversion of illumination systems. Extensive upgrades are underway
to achieve greater energy efficiency in signs and luminaires
by
replacing in-place illumination systems with LEDs. This largely
encompasses field modification of signs or luminaires. Field
modifications of utilization equipment usually require a field
evaluation by a qualified electrical testing laboratory. Testing
laboratories, such as Underwriter's Laboratories have developed
protocols for these field conversions, such that when done within
the testing laboratory parameters, do not compromise the safety
profile of the listed sign or luminaire. As an example, to ensure
that the parts are compatible with the field modification,
Underwriters Laboratories requires all the parts for luminaire and
sign conversions to be assembled into a that UL labels as . A Code
definition will provide a basis for, (1) use of conversion
subassemblies, (2) inclusion in applicable ANSI UL standards for
producers of the retrofit kits, (3) a basis for AHJs approval of
field modified wiring in listed signs and luminaires, and (4) their
use by the installer.
Revise the submitter's recommendation: Delete the last sentence and
revise the remainder to read as follows:
A general term for a complete listed subassembly of parts and
devices for field conversion of utilization equipment.
The inclusion of the word "listed" complies more closely with the
panels intent as stated in section 410.6 and 600.3 that retrofit
kits be listed.
Retrofit kits are not unique to luminaires, signs and outline
lighting.
Affirmative: 10
5Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
18-10 Log #2135 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Robert Wong, BSafe Electrix, Inc.
Add new definitions as follows: A protective assembly is an
integral part of a device, such as a
receptacle, that, when properly applied, will cut off electrical
power to the load when the temperature of the device reaches a
preset temperature, at which point no further heat will be
generated. Therefore this assembly protects the device, wiring,
outlet box and the immediate area surrounding the outlet box, from
abnormal heating.
The Thermal Protected may consist of one or more sensor elements as
an integral or external part of the device.
The words Thermally Protected or TP appearing on the device
indicate that the device includes a thermal protector.
Add new text as follows: 406.4(D)(7) Thermally Protected
Receptacles. Thermal Protected Receptacles shall be provided where
required
elsewhere in the Code. Revise 550.13(3) as follows: 550.13(3)
Except where supplying specific appliances, either 15- or
20-ampere, 125-volt, either single or multiple type,
and except for parallel-blade attachment plugs, Thermally Protected
Receptacle, or a CO/ALR Receptacle. PROBLEM TO BE RESOLVED:
Electrical outlet fires continue to this day to be identified and
reported
in manufactured - mobile homes. According to the USFA, electrical
fires in manufactured-mobile homes claim over 300 American lives
and over 1000 injuries each year. Further, over the past years,
incidents of such fires in manufactured homes have received the
scrutiny of experts, academia researchers, including UL and the
Electrical Wiring Device Industry. Such reports are numerous, and a
select few reports of fire statistics are referenced in this NEC
proposal.
Over the past 40 years, a percentage of the electrical receptacle
outlet fires each year in manufactured homes have been caused by
one or more of the following combination of conditions which occur:
improper wiring at first installation - loose wiring connections,
and the additional stress caused by the mechanical - vibration
disturbance that receptacles in a manufactured home are subjected
to during normal use. Other often cited causes of electrical fires
are, loose connections between an appliance plugged into
receptacles in mobile homes due travel/movement of the mobile home,
and lack of adequate space in the mobile home hence many ignitable
materials are placed near the loose appliance plugged into the
receptacles.
These NEC proposals will result in an increased safe use of
receptacles in manufactured-mobile homes, thereby reducing future
incidents of property damage and loss of life that may occur in an
electrical fire, resulting from overheated receptacle
outlet/wiring.
It is a reality, a fact of life for the future. If these proposed
NEC changes are not implemented, electrical receptacle outlet
failures and the subsequent electrical fires that in many cases
mask their cause and origin, will continue to occur in mobile
houses. It is critical for our families' safety that an insidious
receptacle overheating condition in a receptacle wall outlet be
detected and mitigated prior to ignition of combustible materials
in the receptacle outlet or its vicinity.
The Receptacle with Thermal Protection and CO/ALR Receptacle are UL
Listed devices are presently available in the market place
today.
UL STANDARD/ NEC BACKGROUND: UL Standard 498, Attachment Plugs and
Receptacles, provides safety requirements that only address normal
electrical installation conditions, but not under conditions of
use. In turn, NEC Article 110.3(A) specifically states in item (5),
"Heating effects under normal conditions of use and also under
abnormal conditions likely to arise in service", is a consideration
that is to be evaluated as a condition as it is "essesntial to safe
use or proper functioning of the equipment."
SUBSTANTIATION: Improper wiring in electrical wiring installations
in manufactured - mobile homes was addressed years ago when
aluminum wiring problems were first addressed by UL, NEMA, NBS, and
others in the Industry. This fact is explicitly stated in the " "
titled, "
" (including " In items B and C, in the first paragraph on page 2
of the , it is noted that
".
6Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70 This " " including the " ",
prepared under the auspices of an Ad Hoc Committee sponsored
by Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc., is provided as an attachment
to these proposals. The eleven organizations that served on the Ad
Hoc Committee are listed on the last page of the Statement.
This collaborative effort by NEMA, NBS, UL, Industry Members
including NECA, and IBEW-NECA is testimony to the fact that " does
exist in electrical installations with copper wiring in the field
today and that overheating of receptacles and snap switches can
occur use. Therefore, under Article 110.3(A) Item 5, Abnormal, or
improper wiring installations should be considered as "conditions
likely to arise in service".
Thomas J. D'Agostino, PE, as a Lead Project Engineer at UL
(1969-1978) in matters pertaining to connectability of wiring
devices with aluminum as well as copper wiring, participated in (a)
significant research projects that were the basis for the
publication of the , and (b) specifically in the development of the
Standard, addresses the "improperly wired - loose binding head
screw connection", and vibration, conditions that occur in
electrical installations in manufactured - mobile homes, and
recreational vehicles.
NEC PROPOSALS TO MANDATE THE USE OF THERMAL PROTECTED RECEPTACLES
IN NEW MANUFACTURED (MOBILE) HOMES AND WHEN REPLACING RECEPTACLES
IN EXISTING MANUFACTURED (MOBILE) HOMES TO ASSURE ADDITIONAL LEVEL
OF SAFETY: Receptacles in manufactured mobile homes are subjected
to more stringent conditions of abuse, such as vibration or
mechanical disturbance due to travel/movement of the mobile home.
The distinct performance of a Standard UL498 Listed Receptacle
which has not been investigated to "abnormal conditions which might
arise in service", as compared to the safer performance of a
currently UL Listed Receptacle with Thermal Protection, has been
demonstrated in research that has been conducted at Stony Brook
University, N.Y. The Stony Brook Report demonstrates that Thermal
Protected receptacles successfully cut off (interrupt) power when
the temperature increases to a preset range due to loose
connections and/or serial arcing. Without Thermal Protected
assembly the temperature will continue to rise for an extended
time, and easily surpass the allowable temperature for many
materials, such as insulation materials.
The Stony Brook University Research has clearly demonstrated the
need for a higher level of safety - protection in receptacles that
are installed in a manufactured - mobile home. The Receptacle with
Thermal Protection or CO/ALR Receptacle provides this needed higher
level of safety for use in manufactured - mobile homes. The
receptacle with thermal protection has been investigated according
to UL498 with additional thermal tests, and the CO/ALR Receptacle
has been tested to both UL498 and UL1597.
This proposal has also been sent to Code-Making Panel 19 for their
review and action. Note: Supporting material is available for
review at NFPA Headquarters.
The submitter has not offered any acceptable scientific study that
correlates the temperature cut-out value in a thermally protected
receptacle with fire mitigating ability. While nothing in this Code
precludes such a device from being installed, no mandate device
should be required without a specific value of cut-off that can
mitigate fires.
The panel recommends the TCC refer this proposal to CMP 19.
Affirmative: 10
7Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
18-10a Log #3235 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Mark C. Ode, Underwriters Laboratories Inc.
Add new text to read as follows: Article 302 Low Voltage Suspended
Ceiling Power Distribution Systems.
Part I. General 302.1 Scope. This article covers the installation
of low voltage suspended ceiling power distribution systems. 302.2
Definitions. Busbar. A non-insulated conductor electrically
connected to the source of supply and physically supported on an
insulator providing a power rail for connection to utilization
equipment, such as sensors, actuators, A/V devices, low voltage
luminaire assemblies and similar electrical equipment. Busbar
Support. An insulator that runs the length of a section of
suspended ceiling bus rail that serves to support and isolate the
busbars from the suspended grid rail. Grid Bus Rail. A combination
of the busbar, busbar support, and the structural suspended ceiling
grid system. Connector. A term used to refer to an
electro-mechanical fitting. Connector, Load. An electro-mechanical
connector used for power from the busbar to utilization equipment.
Connector, Pendant. An electro-mechanical or mechanical connector
used to suspend low voltage luminaire or utilization equipment
below the grid rail and to supply power from the busbar to
utilization equipment. Connector, Power Feed. An electro-mechanical
connector used to connect the power supply to a power distribution
cable, to connect directly to the busbar, or from a power
distribution cable to the busbar. Connector, Rail to Rail. An
electro-mechanical connector used to interconnect busbars from one
ceiling grid rail to another grid rail. Low Voltage Suspended
Ceiling Power Distribution System. A system that serves as a
support for a finished ceiling surface and consists of a busbar and
busbar support system to distribute power to utilization equipment
supplied by a Class 2 power supply. Power Supply. A Class 2 power
supply connected between the branch circuit power distribution
system and the busbar low voltage suspended ceiling power
distribution system. Rail. The structural support for the suspended
ceiling system typically forming the ceiling grid supporting the
ceiling tile and listed utilization equipment, such as sensors,
actuators, A/V devices and low voltage luminaires similar
electrical equipment. Reverse Polarity Protection (Backfeed
Protection). A system that prevents two interconnected power
supplies connected positive to negative from passing current from
one power source into a second power source. Suspended Ceiling
Grid. A system which serves as a support for a finished ceiling
surface and other utilization equipment. 302.6 Listing
Requirements. Suspended ceiling power distribution systems and
associated fittings shall be listed as in 302.6(A) or 302.6(B). (A)
Listed System. Low voltage suspended ceiling distribution systems
operating at 30 volts or less ac or 60 volts dc or less shall be
listed as a complete system with the utilization equipment, power
supply, and fittings as part of the same identified system. (B)
Assembly of Listed Parts. A low voltage suspended ceiling power
distribution system assembled from the following parts, listed
according to the appropriate function, shall be permitted: (1)
Listed low voltage utilization equipment (2) Listed Class 2 power
supply (3) Listed or identified fittings, including connectors and
grid rails with bare conductors (4) Listed low voltage cables in
accordance with 725.179, conductors in raceways, or other fixed
wiring methods for the secondary circuit. II. Installation 302.10
Uses Permitted. Low voltage suspended ceiling power distribution
systems shall be permanently connected and shall be permitted as
follows: (1) For listed utilization equipment capable of operation
at a maximum of 30 volts ac (42.4 volts peak) or 60 volts dc (24.8
volts peak for dc interrupted at a rate of 10 to 200 Hz) and
limited to Class 2 power levels in Table 11(A) and Table 11(B) for
lighting, control, and signaling circuits
8Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70 (2) In indoor dry locations
(3) For residential, commercial, and industrial installations (4)
In other spaces used for environmental air in accordance with
300.22(C), electrical equipment having a metal enclosure or with
nonmetallic enclosure and fittings, shall be listed for use within
an air handling space and, have adequate fire-resistant and
low-smoke-producing characteristics, and associated wiring material
suitable for the ambient temperature Informational Note: One method
of defining adequate fire resistant and low-smoke producing
characteristics for electrical equipment with a nonmetallic
enclosure is in ANSI/ UL 2043-2008, Fire Test for Heat and Visible
Smoke Release for Discrete Products and Their Accessories Installed
in Air-Handling Spaces. (5) For lighting in general or critical
patient care areas 302.12 Uses Not Permitted. Suspended ceiling
power distribution systems shall not be installed in the following:
(1) In damp or wet locations (2) Where subject to corrosive fumes
or vapors, such as storage battery rooms (3) Where subject to
physical damage (4) In concealed locations (5) In hazardous
(classified) locations (6) As part of a fire-rated floor ceiling or
roof-ceiling assembly, unless specifically listed as part of the
assembly 302.14 Installation (A) General Requirements. Support
wiring shall be installed in a neat and workmanlike manner. Cables
and conductors installed exposed on the surface of ceilings and
sidewalls shall be supported by the building structure in such a
manner that the cable is not be damaged by normal building use.
Such cables shall be supported by straps, staples, hangers, cable
ties, or similar fittings designed and installed so as not to
damage the cable. Informational Note: Suspended ceiling low voltage
power grid distribution systems should be installed by qualified
persons in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation
instructions. (B) Insulated Conductors. Exposed insulated secondary
circuit conductors shall be listed and of the type, and installed
as described in 302.14(B)(1) or (B)(2): (1) Class 2 cable supplied
by a Listed Class 2 power source and installed in accordance with
Parts I and III of Article 725 (2) Wiring methods described in
Chapter 3 302.21 Disconnecting Means. (A) Location. A disconnecting
means for the Class 2 supply to the power grid system shall be
located so as to be accessible and within sight of the Class 2
power source for servicing or maintenance of the grid system. (B)
Multiwire Branch Circuits. Where connected to a multiwire branch
circuit, the disconnecting means shall simultaneously break all the
supply conductors to the power supply in accordance with 210.4(B).
302.30 Securing and Supporting. (A) Attached to Building Structure.
A suspended ceiling low voltage power distribution system shall be
secured to the mounting surface of the building structure by
hanging wires, screws, or bolts in accordance with the installation
and operation instructions. Mounting hardware, such as screws or
bolts, shall either be packaged with the suspended ceiling low
voltage lighting power distribution system or the installation
instructions shall specify the types of mounting fasteners to be
used. (B) Attachment of Power Grid Rails. The individual power grid
rails shall be mechanically secured to the overall ceiling grid
assembly. 302.40 Connectors and Enclosures. (A) Connectors.
Connections to busbar grid rail, cables, and conductors shall be
made with listed insulating devices and these connections shall be
accessible after installation. A soldered connection shall be made
mechanically secure before being soldered. Other means of securing
leads, such as push-on terminals and spade-type connectors, shall
provide a secure mechanical connection. The following connectors
shall be permitted to be used as connection or interconnection
devices: (1) Load connectors shall be used for power from the
busbar to listed utilization equipment. (2) A pendant connector
shall be permitted to suspend low voltage luminaires or utilization
equipment below the grid rail and to supply power from the busbar
to the utilization equipment. (3) A power feed connector shall be
permitted to connect the power supply directly to a power
distribution cable and to the busbar. (4) Rail-to-rail connectors
shall be permitted to interconnect busbars from one ceiling grid
rail to another grid rail. Informational Note: For quick-connect
terminals; see UL 310, Standard for Electrical Quick-Connect and
for mechanical splicing devices, and see UL 486A and 486B, Standard
for Wire Connectors.
9Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70 (B) Enclosures. Where made
in a wall, connections shall be installed in an enclosure in
accordance with Parts I, II and III of Article 314. 302.45
Overcurrent and Reverse Polarity (Back Feed) Protection. (A)
Overcurrent Protection. The listed Class 2 power supply or
transformer primary shall be protected at not greater than 20
amperes. (B) Interconnection of Power Sources. Listed Class 2
sources shall not have the output connections paralleled or
otherwise interconnected, unless listed for such interconnection.
(C) Reverse Polarity (Back Feed) Protection of DC Systems. A
suspended ceiling low voltage power distribution system shall be
permitted to have reverse polarity (back feed) protection of DC
circuits by one of the following means: (1) If the power supply is
provided as part of the system, the power supply is provided with
reverse polarity (back feed) protection; or (2) If the power supply
is not provided as part of the system, reverse polarity or back
feed protection can be provided as part of the grid rail busbar or
as a part of the power feed connector. 302.56. Splices. A busbar
splice shall be provided with insulation and mechanical protection
equivalent to that of the grid rail busbars involved. 302.57.
Connections. Connections in busbar grid rails, cables, and
conductors shall be made with listed insulating devices and be
accessible after installation. Where made in a wall, connections
shall be installed in an enclosure in accordance with Parts I, II,
and III of Article 314, as applicable. 302.60 Grounding. (A)
Grounding of Supply Side of Class 2 Power Source. The supply side
of the Class 2 power source shall be connected to an equipment
grounding conductor in accordance with the applicable requirements
in Part IV of Article 250. (B) Grounding of Load Side of Class 2
Power Source. Class 2 load side circuits for suspended ceiling low
voltage power grid distribution systems shall not be grounded. III.
Construction Specifications 302.104. Sizes and Types of Conductors
(A) Load Side Utilization Conductor Size. Current-carrying
conductors for load side utilization equipment shall be copper and
shall be 18 AWG minimum. Exception: Conductors of a size smaller
than 18 AWG but not smaller than 24 AWG shall be permitted to be
used for Class 2 circuits. Where used, these conductors shall be
installed in a Chapter 3 wiring method, totally enclosed, shall not
be subject to movement or strain, and shall comply with the
ampacity requirements in Table 522.22. (B) Power Feed Bus Rail
Conductor Size. The power feed bus rail shall be 16 AWG minimum or
equivalent. For a
busbar with a circular cross section, the diameter shall be 0.051
in. (1.29 mm) minimum, and, for other than circular busbars, the
area shall be 0.002 in.2 (1.32 mm2) minimum.
The growing interest in alternative energy sources (e.g.
photovoltaics, wind turbines, batteries, fuel cells, etc.) and the
proliferation of low voltage, low power devices (sensors, LV
lighting, IT equipment, AV equipment, etc.), has created a
significant need for adequate language supporting the practical
safeguarding of circuits and electrical equipment operating at 30
Volts AC or 60 Volts dc or less.
The current code has specific requirements for power distribution
at 30 volts or less for listed lighting devices and their
associated listed components (as covered by Article 411 with
reference to Article 725), but there is no similar requirements for
power distribution at 30 volts or less for listed non-lighting
systems and their associated listed components. The code is silent
on the requirements for power distribution at 30 volts or less when
non-lighting and lighting devices are connected in the same 30
volts or less power distribution system. Thus, the current code
implies (although it does not specifically demand) that separate
power distribution systems must be deployed in order to perform the
identical task of low voltage power distribution at 30 volts or
less. Due to equipment, wiring and overall system redundancy, this
position is likely to be extremely wasteful from both an energy and
economy viewpoints. This purposed article provides the specific
requirements for the safe installation of low voltage, power
limited power distribution, providing power to lighting and
non-lighting loads. Drawing largely from Articles 411 and 725 this
purposed article slightly expands the scope of these systems with
the addition of low voltage/power limited (Class 2) non-lighting
loads while maintaining the clear requirements necessary for safe
installation. As technology changes, the construction and
commercial office industry, as well as the various Codes and
Standards affecting the buildings, must respond to provide a safe
and reliable method of providing the appropriate flexibility of
power for lighting, sensors, temperature control, and other
functional aspects of the building. The low voltage grid
distribution system is a very viable and important part of this
flexible power distribution system.
10Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70 This proposal was developed
as a part of a larger effort to provide clear and specific
requirements in NFPA 70 regarding the use of dc power. There is a
growing interest in the use of alternative energy sources (e.g.
photovoltaics, wind turbines, batteries, fuel cells, etc.) this
coupled with the reality that many of the loads installed
ultimately use electricity in its dc form has renewed an interest
in dc power and its distribution in buildings. While many parts of
the Code cover dc power with specific requirements, other portions
are not as clear.
This proposal was developed by a subgroup of the NEC DC Task Force
of the Technical Correlating Committee. The Task Force is chaired
by John R. Kovacik, Underwriters Laboratories, the Subtask Group
that developed this proposal consisted of the following people:
Panel 3 Chairman Paul Casparro, representing the JATC of the
International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers and Panel 3;
Subtask Group Chairman Wendell Whistler, representing Intertek,
Inc. and Panel 3; Lawrence S. Ayer representing Biz Com Electric of
the Independent Electrical Contractors Association and Panel 3;
Mike O’boyle, representing Philips Inc. and Panel 18; Mark C. Ode
representing Underwriters Laboratories Inc. and Panel 3; Audi
Spina, representing Armstrong Ceiling Inc. and special expert on
low voltage ceiling grids; and Randy Wright, representing RKW
Consulting and Panel 18.
Affirmative: 10
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
James A. Gates, J. A. Gates Co. LLC
Add new text to read as follows: All 110-120v plugs and receptacles
to include "ELECTRICAL PLUG ALIGNMENT INDICATORS" .
People often have difficulty aligning the wide blade side of a plug
with the wide blade side of a receptacle. This is especially true
for sight challenged people or when a receptacle is out of sight
because of darkness or obscured by furniture. This becomes a safety
issue with small children whose fingers can fit between the blades
of the plug. Electrical plug alignment indicators are small bumps
on the wide blade side of the plug and corresponding small bumps on
the wide blade side of the receptacles or extension cords. These
bumps provide a tactile signal to the user to help align the plug
and receptacle without placing their fingers on the plug
blades.
Note: Supporting material is available for review at NFPA
Headquarters.
The UL/ANSI Standard requires receptacles to reject the improper
insertion of a plug cap. If the plug does not go insert in one
orientation, then it will go in when reversed.
Affirmative: 10
11Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
18-12 Log #2704 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Steven Orlowski, National Association of Home Builders
Revise text to read as follows: Replacement of receptacles shall
comply with 406.4(D)(1) through (D)(6), as applicable.
Where a receptacle outlet is supplied by a branch circuit that
requires arc-fault circuit interrupter protection as specified
elsewhere in this , a replacement receptacle at this outlet shall
be one of the following:
(1) A listed outlet branch circuit type arc-fault circuit
interrupter receptacle (2) A receptacle protected by a listed
outlet branch circuit type arc-fault circuit interrupter type
receptacle (3) A receptacle protected by a listed combination type
arc-fault circuit interrupter type circuit breaker This requirement
becomes effective January 1, 2014.
Once again, a new provision requiring an untested and unavailable
technology has been introduced into the 2011National Electrical
Code. There was a time when manufacturers would have been called
out on using the national model code to promote a product or give
them a market advantage on a technology that they had the sole
capability to produce, sadly this is becoming the norm. This new
provision will require an existing receptacle that becomes damaged
or simply needs to be replaced with a receptacle that is either
protected by AFCI breaker or be a listed AFCI receptacle. Where is
the problem with replacing the receptacle with the same type or
better yet where is the risk with replacing the receptacle with the
same type? At this time only one manufacturer is rumored to have
produced a receptacle that meets the code and it is not
commercially available. Several comments were submitted during the
last cycle, requesting the technical committee to reject this
proposal based on the fact that the technology for these devices
did not exist, much less that there weren’t any devices that had
been listed by any testing agency meeting this requirement.
Other reasons given by some well respected members of several other
technical committees included the fact that many common and
acceptable wiring techniques in existing homes could create
problems and would be incompatible with an AFCI receptacle or AFCI
breakers. For example many existing panelboards cannot accommodate
an AFCI breaker. This means if a homeowner needed to replace a
single broken receptacle in the home and the AFCI receptacle are
still not available, they would then have to replace the entire
panelboard and all the associated breakers within the dwelling.
Another problem would arise with existing homes that were wired
using multiwire branch circuits throughout which cannot be feed by
a typical AFCI Breaker. A huge expense to meet a requirement that
was not based on any significant technical substation regarding the
number of fires or injuries that would be diverted. Until these
devices have been rigorously tested not to suffer the same nuisance
tripping that the AFCI breakers have and proven to meet the claims
made by manufactures, we urge the removal of this requirement from
the National Electrical Code. NAHB also urges the NEC code making
panels to begin rejecting any and all proposals that would mandate
the use of any new technology that does not include a cost benefit
analysis in the substantiation.
As of this time TWO manufacturers have Listed AFCI receptacles.
During the last cycle, Panel 18 postponed the effective date until
2014, therefore commercial devices are not needed at this time.
Also, the Coalition of AFCI receptacle manufacturers has
demonstrated real devices at the ROP meeting. Section 90.4 of this
Code allows the AHJ to revert to the previous Code if the device is
unavailable at the time of inspection.
Affirmative: 10
12Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
18-13 Log #3268 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Brian E. Rock, Hubbell Incorporated
Revise 406.3(D) main text to read as follows: Receptacles
incorporating an isolated grounding conductor connection
intended
for the reduction of electrical noise (electromagnetic
interference) as permitted in 250.146(D) shall be identified by an
orange triangle located on the face of the receptacle; such
identification shall be visible after installation.
Although 406.3(D) requires specific marking identification of
isolated ground receptacles, the installation requirements in
406.3(D) and 250.146(D) make no mention that such identification be
visible to the user after installation to coordinate with
installation and use instructions of plug-and-cord-connected Listed
instrumentation and equipment to comply with 110.3(B).
The current wording of this section clearly states "shall be
identified by an orange triangle located on the face of the
receptacle." It does not seem possible that a receptacle can be
installed where the face is not visible.
Affirmative: 10
13Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
18-14 Log #3357 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Steven R. Montgomery, 2D2C Inc.
Add new text to read as follows:
Out of Parameter Circuit Interrupter - Voltage/Current (OPCI-VI)
protected receptacles shall be provided where replacements are made
at receptacle outlets that are required to be so protected
elsewhere in this .
Resistive heating and arcing faults ignite most of the major
residential electrical fires. Resistive heating faults ignite 59%
of the fires, in spite of branch circuit over-current protection
(see “Electrical Ignition Causes of Fires in Ontario 2002-2007,”
Electrical Safety Authority (ESA) report, 2008). The latest code
enhancements, including Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters (per UL Std.
1699), are not designed to protect against resistive heating from
current flowing through poor branch circuit connections (high
resistance points), overloaded appliances and open neutral
conditions. New homes may have aged and potentially faulty
appliances, extension cords and lighting fixtures brought in by
homeowners. The 2006 NFPA report titled “Selected Residential
Electrical Fires” indicates these faults have resulted in numerous
fire fatalities.
Out of Parameter Circuit-Interrupter (OPCI-VI) technology is
designed to provide primary protection against resistive heating
ignition mechanisms including high resistance points in branch
circuit wiring (cause of 23% of residential electrical fires, per
the attached ESA 2008 report), appliance overloads (cause of 17% of
the electrical fires), and open neutral conditions (cause of 2% of
the electrical fires). OPCI-VI also provides supplementary
protection against overloaded circuits (cause of 7% of the
electrical fires) and insulation damage that leads to arc tracking
(cause of 7% of the electrical fires). A large portion of
residential electrical ignitions are caused by resistive heating
that cannot be protected by branch circuit overcurrent devices but
can be protected by OPCI-VI.
OPCI-VI technology has been previously referred to as Electrical
Fault Circuit Interrupter (EFCI), which is itself formerly known as
the combination of Overload Fault Circuit Interrupter (OFCI) and
Power Fault Circuit Interrupter (PFCI) technologies. Some previous
documentation refers to the old nomenclature.
OPCI-VI protection must be located at the junction between the load
and branch circuit wiring to detect these faults and cannot be
located at the panelboard. OPCI-VI technology is a superior
approach compared all relevant alternatives. (see “Alternatives to
Electrical Fault Circuit Interrupter (EFCI) Technology”, Wayne
Hartill, 2D2C Inc., 2008.)
Two Fact Finding Reports from independent NRTL’s substantiate the
performance of OPCI-VI technology. (see “Descriptive Report and
Test Results”, Todd Hamden, CSA International, Feb 2006 &
“Descriptive Report and Test Results”, Intertek Testing Services NA
Ltd., Jan 2006). A third NRTL Fact Finding Report has been request
from Underwriters Laboratories (UL).
Products containing OPCI-VI technology have NRTL certification
against UL 498 and UL 498A standards and have been available for
sale in the marketplace since 2006. Multiple producers of OPCI-VI
technology exist in the marketplace. With a mandate more producers
will likely enter the marketplace.
A mandate of OPCI-VI technology is required because the net safety
benefit to society is far greater than that of voluntary sales
alone.
Please review submitted letters of support from the following fire
forensics experts including: Vytenis Babrauskas, Ph.D., President
of Fire Science and Technology Inc. and author of the “Ignition
Handbook”. John S. Robison, President of Robison Forensic
Consulting, previously Alabama State Fire Marshal, and
previous
President of International Fire Marshals Association. Chris W
Korinek, P.E., President of Synergy Technologies and author of
Chapter 10 of “Kirks Fire Investigation”
book. Doug Crawford, Deputy Fire Marshal of the Ontario Office of
the Fire Marshal. Note that sister proposals have been submitted as
a new 100 and 210.13.
14Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70
As of this time no UL/ANSI standard exists that correlates the
parameters in question with fire mitigating ability. Nothing in
this Code precludes the use of such a listed device.
Affirmative: 10
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Vince Baclawski, National Electrical Manufacturers Association
(NEMA)
Add new text to read as follows: All nonlocking-type, 125-volt, 15-
and 20-ampere receptacles that are controlled
by an automatic control device or incorporate control features that
remove power from the outlet for the purpose of energy management
or building automation shall be marked with the symbol shown below
placed on the controlled receptacle outlet where visible after
installation.
******Insert Figure 406.3(E) Here******
New energy management codes that are currently being widely adopted
such as ASHRAE 90.1 require that up to 50% of 125 volt 15 and 20
ampere receptacles be automatically controlled. The control could
be an energy management system, timer or sensor. The occupant or
end user needs to know which receptacle outlets will be
automatically controlled to avoid plug-in appliances or other loads
from being unintentionally turned on or off.
Previous automated systems typically control identified loads such
as lighting or HVAC and the consequences are known and understood.
The uncertainty of what is plugged into a controlled receptacle
outlet can raise concerns regarding safety as well as convenience
thus it is important to be able to readily identify receptacle
outlets that will be automatically powered on and off.
Affirmative: 10
15Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
18-16 Log #147 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Ronald Deering, City of Portage
Add new text to read as follows:
All 15 and 20 ampere duplex receptacles, being installed and
connected to branch circuit conductors, shall be installed using a
side termination method, utilizing a set-screw that is firmly
seated over a conductor wrapped clockwise around the screw head, or
a screw head firmly seated after a conductor has been installed
into a listed side-wired receptacle.
Please accept this statement of a problem that has concerned me
since I began working in the trade in 1970. As an apprentice, I had
been trained by more than one electrical contractor, to be
concerned that the stab-in feature of receptacles was a safety
concern. The electrical contractor was concerned for his customer's
safety, yes, but also was looking out for his business. He did not
want to send his employees out on a costly repair, nor did he want
his reputation ruined by an electrical contractor who just a year
later was called to this new home to re-wire the devices, once one
had quit working.
As an electrical inspector, I have found that the stab-in feature,
especially when conductors are installed in series, has become a
common occurrence. Electrical contractors treat this repair as if
they were simply correcting a poorly installed wire-nut or
correcting a fault caused by a loose device that has slid to one
side or the other of a steel box, causing a fault condition. The
repair is not documented, as a traffic accident would be and the
device tossed aside. Therefore, it is impossible to come up with
piles of documentation to support the argument. The fact that it is
such a common occurrence that is not documented, makes this unsafe
condition an issue that may never be addressed. When questioning
electricians, I find every single one has several stories to
tell.
I have been sending contractor emails to my NEMA representative and
the NFPA, as the contractor finds the time to do so, with the hope
that committee members might be able to enlighten the electrical
Industry of an age old issue. I think the problem is primarily a
manufacturer issue, but in light of my NEMA representative's
recommendation, I submit this as a proposal. I hope that at the
very least, the electrical industry's awareness of the problem can
be raised.
As of this time UL/ANSI standard 498 allows the back-wire push-in
connection. No UL/ANSI proposal has been accepted that removes this
Listed termination method.
Affirmative: 10
16Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
18-17 Log #2082 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Phil Simmons, Simmons Electrical Services
Revise text to read as follows: Receptacle outlets shall be located
in branch circuits in accordance with
Part III of Article 210. General installation requirements shall be
in accordance with 406.4(A) through (F). Except as provided in (D),
receptacles installed on 15- and 20-ampere branch circuits shall be
of
the grounding type. Grounding-type receptacles shall be installed
only on circuits of the voltage class and current for which they
are rated, except as provided in Table 210.21(B)(2) and Table
210.21(B)(3).
Receptacles and cord connectors that have equipment grounding
conductor contacts shall have those contacts connected to an
equipment grounding conductor.
The equipment grounding conductor contacts of receptacles and cord
connectors shall be grounded by connection to the equipment
grounding conductor of the circuit supplying the receptacle or cord
connector.
Informational Note: For installation requirements for the reduction
of electrical noise, see 250.146(D). The branch-circuit wiring
method shall include or provide an equipment grounding conductor to
which the equipment
grounding conductor contacts of the receptacle or cord connector
are connected. Informational Note No. 1: See 250.118 for acceptable
grounding means. Informational Note No. 2: For extensions of
existing branch circuits, see 250.130.
Replacement of receptacles shall comply with 406.4(D)(1) through
(D)(6), as applicable. Where a grounding means exists in the
receptacle enclosure or an equipment
grounding conductor is installed in accordance with 250.130(C),
grounding-type receptacles shall be used and shall be connected to
the equipment grounding conductor in accordance with 406.4(C) or
250.130(C). Grounding-type receptacles shall be installed at
locations specified in 250.114 and if required in the installation
instructions provided by the equipment or appliance
manufacturer.
At locations other than provided in (D)(1) and where attachment to
an equipment grounding conductor does not exist in the receptacle
enclosure, the installation shall comply with (D)(2)(a), (D)(2)(b),
or (D)(2)(c).
(a) A non–grounding-type receptacle(s) shall be permitted to be
replaced with another non–grounding-type receptacle(s).
(b) A non–grounding-type receptacle(s) shall be permitted to be
replaced with a ground-fault circuit interrupter-type of
receptacle(s). These receptacles shall be marked “No Equipment
Ground.” An equipment grounding conductor shall not be connected
from the ground-fault circuit-interrupter-type receptacle to any
outlet supplied from the ground-fault circuit-interrupter
receptacle.
(c) A non–grounding-type receptacle(s) shall be permitted to be
replaced with a grounding-type receptacle(s) where supplied through
a ground-fault circuit interrupter. Grounding-type receptacles
supplied through the ground-fault circuit interrupter shall be
marked “GFCI Protected” and “No Equipment Ground.” An equipment
grounding conductor shall not be connected between the
grounding-type receptacles.
No changes to the remainder of 406.4 are included in this proposal.
The proposed changes to (A) and (B), are intended to be editorial
including making exceptions
complete sentences as required by the NEC Style Manual. No changes
are proposed to (C). The proposed change to (D)(1) is intended to
require grounding-type receptacles if the receptacle is located
where the
manufacturer requires equipment be supplied from a grounding-type
receptacle or branch circuit. If the receptacle does not provide an
equipment grounding conductor connection, a violation of the
manufacturer installation instruction occurs and a violation of
110.3(B) occurs.
In addition, a list of equipment or appliances that are required to
be grounded is included in 250.114. If a receptacle is located
where these equipment or appliances will be supplied, a receptacle
connected to an equipment grounding conductor is required.
Since the NEC is the minimum standard for safety, failing to comply
with the requirements of 110.3(B) or 250.114 will
17Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70 result in an installation
that is unsafe. Section 406.4 should not permit an unsafe
practice.
Accept the change in part (A). The remainder is rejected. The
changes in part (B) are not editorial and require substantiation.
Reject the proposed change to
part (D) as the majority of the time installation instructions are
not available at the time of receptacle installation. Submitter has
not provided substantiation for the change. In accordance with
4.3.3(d) of NFPA Regulations Governing
Committee Projects the unaccepted parts are rejected.
Affirmative: 10
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Michael J. Johnston, National Electrical Contractors
Association
Add a new last sentence to read as follows: The arc-fault
circuit-interrupter(s) shall be installed in a readily accessible
location.
This proposal seeks to align the readily accessible requirement for
GFCI devices covered in 210.8(A) and (B) with the rules for
arc-fault circuit-interrupter protective devices required by
406.4(D). Favorable action by CMP-2 on Proposal 2-77 and Comment
2-29 in the 2010 ROP and ROC resulted in a new readily accessible
requirement for GFCIs. Justification for the new rule is primarily
related to occupant or user accessibility to the monthly testing
and reset features of the device. Arc-fault circuit-interrupter
protection can also be accomplished by circuit breaker types or
device types which have the same test and reset features and
requirements for monthly testing. Accessibility to these protective
devices should not be different than for GFCI devices.
Add a new last sentence to read as follows: Arc-fault
circuit-interrupter and ground-fault circuit-interrupter type
receptacles shall be installed in a readily accessible
location. Although both AFCIs and GFCIs are covered in 406.4(D)
only AFCIs are covered by the proposal.
The revised text addresses only receptacle-type applications.
Affirmative: 10
18Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
18-19 Log #1287 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Michael J. Farrell III, Lucas County Building Regulations
Add new text to read as follows: (4) Arc-Fault Circuit- Interrupter
Protection. (5) Tamper-Resistant Receptacles. (6) Weather-Resistant
Receptacles. Exception to (4), (5), and (6) For receptacles
supplied by a branch circuit that does not contain an
equipment
grounding conductor or where attachment to an equipment grounding
conductor does not exist in the receptacle enclosure the provisions
of 406.4(D)(2) shall apply.
These devices contain equipment grounding conductor termination
points. For a branch circuit containing no equipment grounding
conductor a potential for installation of a device with a grounding
terminal where no actual grounding means exists is possible. The
requirements found in Article 406.4(D)(2) provide a safer
alternative to installing AFCI,Tamper-Resistant, and
Weather-Resistant receptacle devices on such branch circuits. An
AHJ may mistakenly require the use of such devices based on the
requirement as currently written. An exception to the requirement
for existing wiring systems that were installed with no EGC is
needed for clarity. The requirements of 406.4(D)(2) are the only
safe alternative for replacement of receptacle devices where no
grounding means is provided with the branch circuit or receptacle
enclosure.
The substantiation provided does not adequately support the
recommendation and prove that the lack of a ground on the AFCI,
tamper resistant, or weather resistant receptacle creates a
hazard.
Affirmative: 10
CARPENTER, F.: The existing wording is clear that 406.4(D)(2) is
the only section that addresses receptacle installation when the
equipment grounding conductor does not exist in the receptacle
enclosure.
19Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
18-20 Log #1797 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Mark Shapiro, Farmington Hills, MI
Revise text to read as follows: 406.4(D)(2)(b) A non–grounding-type
receptacle(s) shall be permitted to be replaced with a ground-fault
circuit
interrupter-type of receptacle(s) or protected by a ground-fault
circuit interrupter. These receptacles shall be marked “No
Equipment Ground.” An equipment grounding conductor shall not be
connected from the ground-fault circuit- interrupter-type
receptacle to any outlet supplied from the ground-fault
circuit-interrupter receptacle.
Is there any reason why GFCI circuit breakers should be prohibited
here? Alternately, the sentence could be shortened to, “(b) A
non–grounding-type receptacle(s) shall be permitted to be
replaced with a grounding-type receptacle that is protected by a
ground-fault circuit interrupter-type of receptacle(s).” The
potential problem with that wording is that it could be read as
saying that the GFCI must be upstream of the receptacle in
question. Experience has taught us all that if there is a way to
misread a code requirement, it will take place.
Article 406 addresses “receptacles, cord connectors and attachment
plugs (caps). Ground fault circuit interrupters of the circuit
breaker type are covered under article 250, not Article 406.
Affirmative: 10
CARPENTER, F.: The existing language in 406.4(D)(2)(c) addresses
the submitters concern.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
18-21 Log #2149 NEC-P18
Revise text to read as follows: Ground-fault circuit-interrupter
protection protected receptacles shall be
provided where replacements are made at receptacle outlets that are
required to be so protected elsewhere in this . Where a circuit
breaker GFCI device is used, protected receptacles shall be
installed in accordance with 210.8,
and marked in accordance with 406.4(D)(2) (b) or (c). Circuit
breaker or receptacle protection should be permitted for this
application, as both a circuit breaker
and a receptacle are required to be a Class A device by UL 943
Standard. This improves accessibility, in compliance with Section
210.8 requirements that all GFCI devices be installed in a
readily accessible location. As long as the receptacles are GFCI
protected and marked as such, as well as whether or not an
equipment grounding
conductor exists on the circuit, the practice of using a GFCI
breaker in lieu of a GFCI receptacle should be permitted, as it
provides an equivalent level of safety.
The submitter fails to realize that this section deals only with
receptacle replacement, not breaker replacement.
Affirmative: 10
20Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
18-22 Log #1637 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Robert G. Wilkinson, IEC Texas Gulf Coast
Delete 406.4(D)(4)(1). A listed outlet branch-circuit type AFCI
does not exist. Currently, no manufacturer produces this type
of
device and there is no UL standard developed for this product. The
major manufacturers have stated that they have no plans to produce
or market this device.
Refer to panel action and statement on Proposal 18-12 which address
the same issue.
Affirmative: 10
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Robert G. Wilkinson, IEC Texas Gulf Coast
Delete 406.4(D)(4)(2). A listed outlet branch-circuit type AFCI
does not exist. Currently, no manufacturer produces this type
of
device and there is no UL standard developed for this product. The
major manufacturers have stated that they have no plans to produce
or market this device.
Refer to panel action and statement on Proposal 18-12 which
addresses the same issue.
Affirmative: 10
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
18-24 Log #1643 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Charles Palmieri, Cohasset, MA
Where a receptacle outlet is supplied by a branch circuit that
requires arc-fault circuit interrupter protection as specified
elsewhere in this , a replacement receptacle at this outlet shall
be one of the following:
(1) A listed outlet branch circuit type arc-fault circuit
interrupter receptacle installed in accordance with 210.12(B). (2)
A receptacle protected by a listed outlet branch circuit type
arc-fault circuit interrupter type receptacle installed in
accordance with 210.12(B). I am submitting this proposal to insure
correlation with proposals that I have submitted to this Code
Panel and panels 1 and 2. Code Panel 2 adopted language in 2011
requiring GFCI receptacles be readily accessible. The
substantiation was clear. Manufactures instructions require
periodic testing. These devices must be accessible for such
testing. If my proposal to CMP 1 is rejected then the requirement
that GFCI Receptacles to be readily accessible should also apply to
a listed outlet branch circuit type AFCI.
Please see my proposals to sections 110. (B), 210.8 and 210.12
(B)(2).
Refer to the panel action and statement on Proposal 18-18 which
meets the intent of the recommendation as supported by the
substantiation.
Affirmative: 10
21Printed on 3/16/2012
Report on Proposals – June 2013 NFPA 70
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
18-25 Log #1644 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Charles Palmieri, Cohasset, MA
Where a receptacle outlet is supplied by a branch circuit that
requires arc-fault circuit interrupter protection as specified
elsewhere in this , a replacement receptacle at this outlet shall
be one of the following:
(1) A readily accessible listed outlet branch circuit type
arc-fault circuit interrupter receptacle. (2) A receptacle
protected by a readily accessible listed outlet branch circuit type
arc-fault circuit interrupter type
receptacle. I am submitting this proposal to insure correlation
with proposals that I have submitted to this Code
Panel and panels 1 and 2. Code Panel 2 adopted language in 2011
requiring GFCI receptacles be readily accessible. The
substantiation was clear. Manufactures instructions require
periodic testing. These devices must be accessible for such
testing. If my proposal to CMP 1 is rejected then the requirement
that GFCI Receptacles to be readily accessible should also apply to
a listed outlet branch circuit type AFCI.
Please see my proposals to sections 110.3 (B), 210.8 and
210.12(B)(2).
Refer to the panel action and statement on Proposal 18-18 which
meets the intent of the recommendation.
Affirmative: 10
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Terry W. Cromer, NC Association of Electrical Contractors
Delete entire text in 406.4(D)(4). 1) Presently there is not a
wiring device manufacture that has placed into production an
AFCI
receptacle and it has been a common thread that wiring device
manufactures may not produce AFCI receptacles unless CMP 2 changes
the requirement found in Section 210.12(A)
2) Prior to the requirement, in the NEC, for AFCI protection of the
branch circuit most homes were wired using multi-wire NM cable and
at present time there is no manufacture that has in production a
combination type multipole circuit breaker and there are many homes
that have fusible panels which cannot accept an AFCI circuit
breaker. Making this requirement retroactive in the NEC is not
feasible.
Refer to panel action and statement on Proposal 18-12 which
addresses the same issue.
Affirmative: 10
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18-27 Log #1078 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Mario L. Mumfrey, Cincinnati, OH
Add new text to read as follows: (G) Receptacles shall not be
installed above permanent space-heating units such as baseboard
and/or wall mounted
heaters, electric or hot-water type, unless specifically approved
for the use with the heaters. Exception: Where non-related
receptacle(s) are installed on a wall at least 6 1/2 ft above
permanent space-heating
equipment. This code revision would stand alone and make it clear
to installers that although there is an existing
wall mounted heater of any type, a receptacle shall not be
installed above these units. Many times these heaters are older and
obtaining installation instructions are near impossible. The
instructions are limited to where a permanent wall or baseboard
heater is being installed "new". The contractor is quick to point
that these units are existing and the receptacle is what's new. The
exception would allow for such examples as a receptacle for a
window AC unit where there is an existing baseboard heater below
this window and now below this outlet. The likelihood of both in
use at the same time is unlikely, however, not all window AC units
are removed during a season change and the cord is subjected to
damage. The receptacle would need to be installed at a point where
the appliance cord could not contact the heater while plugged in.
This change is not limited to electrical heaters only and will
allow for more than informational notes in 210.52 and 424.9 to
ensure safety.
The submitter has not provided substantiation sufficient to support
the change. As the submitter points out many of these receptacle
installations are done after the installation of the heating unit
and thus enforcement would be difficult and unlikely. In all cases
the heater listing installation instructions should be followed in
accordance with 110.3(B).
Affirmative: 10
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Stanley J. Folz, Morse Electric Company
Revise text to read as follows: Receptacles shall be mounted in
identified boxes or assemblies designed for the
purpose, and such boxes or assemblies shall be securely fastened in
place unless otherwise permitted elsewhere in this Code.
The TCC Usability Task Group is comprised of Stanley Folz, James
Dollard, Bill Fiske and David Hittinger. This task group was
assigned by the TCC Chair to review the use of the phrase “designed
for the purpose” throughout the NEC. There are twelve instances of
its use.
By definition, identified equipment is suitable for its intended
purpose (see definition of Identified in Article 100). Many
things not defined for a specific purpose are nonetheless suitable
for that purpose, and are thus "identified." Substituting
"identified" for the word(s) to be replaced conforms to 3.2.4 of
the NEC Style Manual, that says, "recognized or defined terms
are to be used in preference to similar terms that do not have such
recognition."
Affirmative: 10
23Printed on 3/16/2012
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18-29 Log #548 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Lawrence W. Forshner, Bard, Rao & Athanas Consulting Engineers,
LLC
Receptacles shall be mounted in boxes or assemblies designed for
the purpose, and such boxes or assemblies shall be securely
fastened in place unless otherwise permitted elsewhere in this
code.
Receptacles identified as hospital grade, and where installed as
required by other sections of this code, shall be supported by
outlet boxes in metal stud partitions by a bar type bracket that
supports the outlet box by engaging two or more framing
members.
As designers of electrical systems in health care facilities, we
have found that sheet metal type box supports that are bent at 90
percent, attach to one stud and are intended to provide box and
device support by being in contact with the opposite wall of the
partition, to be inadequate. Head wall partitions in hospital
patient rooms are often not of standard depth, the receptacles
require more pressure to insert a plug and they get more use than
office receptacles during normal hospital operations and especially
during emergencies. The sheet metal brackets often do not reach the
opposite wall or the sheet metal will deflect after installation
requiring the wall to be opened to repair and properly fasten the
box. Added language in this section to qualify and describe how to
securely fasten outlet boxes in hospitals is needed.
It may also, at the discretion of Code-Making Panel 15, be
appropriate to add an Informational Note in Article 517.
The proposed change is not under the purview of CMP 18. It is
recommended that the TCC refer this proposal to CMP 15 for
action.
Affirmative: 10
24Printed on 3/16/2012
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18-30 Log #833 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Michael J. Johnston, National Electrical Contractors
Association
Include an additional sentence as follows: Screws installed for the
receptacles fastened to the box, shall be machine screws matching
the thread gage or size
that is integral to the box. Use of drywall screws for fastening
receptacles to boxes is not acceptable and can result in damage
to
the box and inadequate support of the devise can result. It is
recognized that installers should follow the manufacturer’s
installation instructions, but having the additional text will help
clarify this requirement. A similar proposal is also being
submitted to Articles 404 restricting use of drywall screws for
installing snap switches to boxes.
The panel intends that the new sentence by placed after the
existing sentence.
Affirmative: 8 Negative: 2
BER, M.: In order to implement the provisions of this proposal the
AHJ is now going to be required to make a “pre-final” inspection
before the receptacle covers are installed or he is going to have
to remove each and every cover to insure compliance with this new
requirement. While it may be obvious when a sheet rock screw is
utilized, is an untrained AHJ going to be able to discern the
difference between a 6-32 and an 8-32 machine screw just from
looking at the head? What about a sheet metal screw that has the
same style head as a machine screw? Let us not forget that Section
110.3B requires installation of listed products in compliance
with
that listing and Section 110.12 further requires that these
installations be made in a “neat and workmanlike manner”. Aren't
these provisions of the NEC sufficient to require a Code compliant
installation and also adequate to allow an AHJ red tag when not
complied with. If additional emphasis is required in this area
wouldn't we be better served by just adding a useless unenforceable
term
like “Securely Fastened”? And finally, can anyone argue with the
superior holding ability of a sheet rock or a sheet metal
screw in a plastic box with stripped out threads? CARPENTER, F.: We
support the intent to eliminate the use of drywall screws for
mounting receptacles, but the code
text would eliminate other listed assemblies that do not use
machine screws. NEMA would support the proposed text if the phrase
“or as fastened in listed assemblies or systems” was added to the
end of the new sentence.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
18-31 Log #1667 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
James F. Williams, Fairmont, WV
Revise text to read as follows: Receptacles shall be mounted in
boxes or assemblies designed for the purpose,. The
and such boxes or assemblies shall be securely fastened in place
unless otherwise permitted elsewhere in this . [delete comma,
replace with period]
Remove archaic language. NEC style manual: 3.3.4 Word Clarity.
Words and terms used in the shall be specific and clear in meaning,
and
shall avoid jargon, trade terminology, industry-specific terms, or
colloquial language that is difficult to understand. language shall
be brief, clear, and emphatic. The following are examples of
old-fashioned expressions and word uses that shall not be
permitted: "...and such...".
Affirmative: 10
25Printed on 3/16/2012
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18-32 Log #2269 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Leo F. Martin, Sr., Martin Electrical Consulting
Revise text to read as follows: Receptacles shall not be installed
in a
face up position in countertops or similar work surfaces.
Receptacles shall not be installed in a face up position in
countertops or similar work surfaces.
The same spillage hazards exist and the rule should apply to all
countertops or similar work surfaces, not to dwelling units
only.
The panel also refers the panel action on Proposal 18-34.
Affirmative: 10
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Mark T. Rochon, Peabody, MA
Revise text to read as follows: Receptacles in countertops and
similar work surfaces in dwelling units all applications.
In other than dwellings it is excepted to face up the receptacles.
The same problems of liquids, loose particles such as food, wood,
plastic and metal scraps enter the receptacle impairing the
electrical connection.
See panel action on Proposal 18-34 which meets the intent of the
submitter.
Affirmative: 10
26Printed on 3/16/2012
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18-34 Log #3363 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
James T. Dollard, Jr., IBEW Local 98
Revise text to read as follows: Editorially revise 406.5 (F) and
(G) to 406.5(G) and (H) as follows:
Receptacles shall not be installed in a face-up position in
countertops or similar work surfaces.
Receptacles shall not be installed in a face-up position in floors,
seating areas or similar surfaces unless they are part of an
assembly listed for the application.
(No change) (No change)
Receptacles are presently not permitted to be installed in a
face-up position in countertops or similar work surfaces of
dwelling units. There is no prohibition to installing a standard
receptacle in a standard device box in the floor of a dwelling unit
or any other occupancy. Assemblies that are listed for the
application, such as a doghouse style assembly are readily
available.
We have recently seen benches in public areas with receptacles
installed that you could sit on. These were obviously installed so
that someone could sit and use the 125-volt outlet for a laptop
computer or to charge a phone or other device. These represent a
hazard.
Where there is a need to install receptacles in a floor or other
similar surface, it should be done with an assembly listed for the
application to prevent damage and potential exposure to energized
conductors or circuit parts.
1) Accept the change proposed for (E). 2) Accept the change
proposed for new (F) except delete the word "floors" in both
places. 3) Retain and renumber existing (F) and (G).
Floor boxes are listed but such listings do not include wiring
devices supplied as part of their listing. Listed floor boxes are
investigated for water penetration.
Affirmative: 10
27Printed on 3/16/2012
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18-35 Log #3483 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Jim Burch, Orange County Division of Building Safety
Revise text to read as follows:
15- and 20-ampere, 125 and 250-volt receptacles installed in a wet
location shall have an enclosure that is weatherproof whether or
not the attachment plug cap is inserted for other than one or two
family dwellings, an outlet box hood installed for this purpose
shall be listed, and where on an enclosure supported from grade as
described in 314.23(B) or described in 314.23(F) shall...
Proposal to strike the words "other thanone or two family
dwellings. "I am an electrical inspector. Since requiring "in use"
covers for outdoor outlets. I have encountered hundreds of broken
or missing covers on temporary power poles, on all sizes of
residential and commercial job sites. To require "extra duty"
covers on all temp poles will reduce this hazard.
Refer to the panel action on Proposal 18-37 which meets the intent
of the submitter.
Affirmative: 9 Negative: 1
BER, M.: See my Explanation of Negative on Proposal 18-30 (Log
#833).
CARPENTER, F.: The correct section reference for this proposal is
406.9(B)(1) .
28Printed on 3/16/2012
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18-36 Log #1537 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Vince Baclawski, National Electrical Manufacturers Association
(NEMA)
Add the following new text in Section 406.9 (B)(1):
15- and 20-ampere, 125- and 250-volt receptacles installed in a wet
location shall have an enclosure that is weatherproof whether or
not the attachment plug cap is inserted. For other than one- or
two-family dwellings, an outlet box hood installed for this purpose
shall be listed, and where installed on an enclosure supported from
grade as described in 314.23(B) or as described in 314.23 (C), (F)
or (G) shall be identified as “extra-duty.” All 15- and 20-ampere,
125- and 250-volt nonlocking-type receptacles shall be listed
weather-resistant type.
Informational Note No. 1: Requirements for extra-duty outlet box
hoods are found in ANSI/UL 514D-2000, .
.
Every outlet box hood installed as part of a rigidly mounted
weatherproof enclosure in a wet location as described in 406.9
(B)(1), except in one- or two-family dwellings, should be required
to be of the “extra-duty” type. The same rationale used in the 2011
proposal (18-54) applies equally to enclosures rigidly mounted as
described in Section 314.23 (B), (C), (F) and (G).
Refer to the panel action on Proposal 18-37 which expands the
requirement and includes the submitters intention of adding
314.23(C) and (G).
Affirmative: 9 Negative: 1
BER, M.: See my Explanation of Negative on Proposal 18-30 (Log
#833).
29Printed on 3/16/2012
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18-37 Log #1553 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
David Clements, International Association of Electrical
Inspectors
Revise text to read as follows:
15- and 20-ampere, 125- and 250-volt receptacles installed in a wet
location shall have an enclosure that is weatherproof whether or
not the attachment plug cap is inserted. For other than one- or
two-family dwellings, an outlet box hood installed for this purpose
shall be listed, and where installed on an enclosure supported from
grade as described in 314.23(B) or as described in 314.23(F) and
shall be identified as “extra-duty.”
If it’s in a wet location, what difference can it possibly make how
the enclosure or device box is installed or supported?
Revise text to read as follows:
15- and 20-ampere, 125- and 250-volt receptacles installed in a wet
location shall have an enclosure that is weatherproof whether or
not the attachment plug cap is inserted. For other than one- or
two-family dwellings, aAn outlet box hood installed for this
purpose shall be listed, and where installed on an enclosure
supported from grade as described in 314.23(B) or as described in
314.23(F) and shall be identified as “extra-duty.” [Retain the
remaining text.]
The panel has modified the text to correlate with the action on
other proposals. The panel clarifies that the remaining text is
retained.
Affirmative: 9 Negative: 1
BER, M.: What is an “extra duty” cover or hood? We have been
saddled with this term since the 2011 NEC and a definition and a
description still eludes us. The
following publications have been consulted: a) NFPA 70 National
Electrical Code, Article 100 and the Index. b) NFPA's Illustrated
Dictionary of Electrical Terms. c) UL's White Book.
The only place where this term can be located is in the NEC in
Section 406.9B1, Ah, but let us not panic, the Informational Note
has the solution, consult ANSI/UL Standard 514D. A quick internet
search will find a copy of this standard available from
“Techstreet” for a mere $1032.00. Searching a little further finds
the UL Standard at the Bargain Basement price of only $716.00 from
“Comm 2000”. How is the installer supposed to use an item dictated
to him by the NEC when there are no pictures, no description,
no
definitation, no explanation and no economical way to let him in on
the big secret as what makes an “extra duty” cover. This section of
the Code must be changed to eliminate this unknown term and its
Informational Note.
30Printed on 3/16/2012
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18-38 Log #3491 NEC-P18
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Susan Newman Scearce, Halls, TN
Revise text to read as follows: (1) 15- and 20-Ampere Receptacles
in a Wet Location. 15- and 20-ampere, 125- and 250-volt receptacles
installed in a
wet location shall have an enclosure that is weatherproof whether
or not the attachment plug cap is inserted. For other than one- or
two-family dwellings, an outlet box hood installed for this purpose
shall be listed, and where installed on an enclosure supported from
grade as described in 314.23(B) or as described in 314.23(F) shall
be identified as “extra-duty.” All 15- and 20-ampere, 125- and
250-volt nonlocking-type receptacles shall be listed
weather-resistant type. See related UL
Informational Note No. 1: Requirements for extra-duty outlet box
hoods are found in ANSI/UL 514D-2000, Cover Plates for
Flush-Mounted Wiring Devices.
Informational Note No. 2: The types of receptacles covered by this
requirement are identified as 5-15, 5-20, 6-15, and 6-20 in
ANSI/NEMA WD 6-2002, National Electrical Manufacturers Association
Standard for Dimensions of Attachment Plugs and Receptacles.
Exception: 15- and 20-ampere, 125- through 250-volt receptacles
installed in a wet location and subject to routine high-pressure
spray washing shall be permitted to have an enclosure that is
weatherproof when the attachment plug is removed.
In studying the cause for a required standard on the “In Use
Covers”, the problem was substantiated with more than 90%
malfunctions of the cover on “one and two family dwellings”. The
absence of an extra-duty cover has left receptacles exposed to all
weather conditions and caused greater harm to device. The “in-use
cover” without a standard of extra-duty with any significant
contact will cause hinge to dislocate and device will be left
unprotected.
Reject the addition of the words "See related UL". The panel
rejects the addition of the words "See related UL" which appears to
be a typo. The panel
only accepts the changes shown with a strikethrough. Also refer to
the panel action on Proposal 18-37.
Affirmative: 9 Negative: 1
BER, M.: See my Explanation of Negative on Proposal 18-30 (Log
#833).
31Printed on 3/16/2012
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18-39 Log #1495 NEC-P18
______________________________________________________________