Report of the Committee on Fire Prevention Code Technical ...

Report o f the Committee on

Fire Prevention Code

Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code

Howard Boyd, Chairman Nashville, TN

Walter Smittle HI, V/c, Chairman Charleston, WV

Pep. FMANA

Joseph M. Jardin, Secretary National Fire Protection Association

(Nonvoting)

Stanley E. Anderson, Rohm & Haas Texas Inc. Paul F. Bailey, Redding Fire Dept., CA

Pep. IAFC James 11, Bell, Marriott Corp. John F. Bender, State Fire Marshal's Office, MD

es W. Bowraan, E I duPont deNemours & Co. am.[. Bradford, Brookfield, CT

CharlesE. Brown, City of Winter Haven Fire Dept.. FL Rep. NFPA/FSS

Herbert W. Eisenberg, Eisenberg Associates Michael J. Friedman, A. C. MacDonald, Inc.

Rep. NFSA Gregory Haley, Cigna Loss Control Services W. Leslie Ingles, Duke Power Co. Lonnle H. Jackson, Mount Prospect Fire Dept., IL Thomas W. Jaeger, Gage Babcock & Associates Inc. Richard S. Krans, Mobil Oil Corp. • Rep/API . Bernard P. I.ally, New York City Fire Dept., NY Gilbert E. IAndiey, US Department of State Wallace D. Malmstedt, American Ins Services Group Inc. Ronald Ig Mengel, System Sensor Division of BRK

Rep. NEMA Wayne D. Moore, Mass Fire Alarms of New England

. Richard Oggero, The Weitz Co., Inc. Robert J. Pielow, FP&C Consultants Inc. Wade Schaefer, State Fire Marshals Office, MI

Rep. FMANA Chester W. Schirmer, Sehirmer Engineering Corp. Stanl Wheeler, Livermore, CA

ReTNFPA,/AEBO Dean IL Wilson, Industrial Risk Insurers

.Mternates

Carl F. Baldassar~ Schirmer Engineering Corp. (Alt. to C. W. Schrimer)

Gene Endthoff, Nat'l Fire Sprinkler Assn. (Air. to M. Friedman)

Gerald E, Lingenfelter, American Ins Services Group Inc. (Alt. to W. D. Malmstedt)

Peter J. Gore WHIse, Industrial Risk Insurers (Air. to D. K. Wilson)

Subcommittee on Hazardous Materials Safequards

W'dllamJ. Bradford, Chairman Brookfield, CT

Stanley E. AndersOn, Rohm & Haas Texas, Inc. Raymond B. Bizal, Int'l Conference of Building Officials William Christenson, Charity Hospital at New Orleans Robert C. Gilardi, Compressed Gas Assn. Gregory Haley, Cigna Loss Control Services Robert S. Hare, Massapequa Fire Dept.,

Rep. FMANA R. A. Huckfeldt, Westinghouse Himford Co. Garr M. Jones, Brown and Caldwell

Staff Liaison: Joseph M.Jardln

t

This List represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this edition. Since that time changes in the membership may have occurred.

The Report of the Fire Prevention Code Committee is presented for adopuon.

This Report was prepared by the Fire Prevention Code Technical Committee and proposes for adoption a complete revision to NFPA 1, Fire Prevention Code. NFPA 1-1987 is published in Volume 1 of the 1991 National Fire Codes and in separate pamphlet form.

This Report has been submitted to letter ballot of the Fire Prevention Technical Committee which consists of 27 voting members; of whom 18 voted affirmatively, 7 negatively (Messrs. Eisenberg, Ingles, Jaeger, Mengel, Oggero, Pielow, and Wheeler), and 2 ballots were not returned (Messrs. Kraus and Moore).

Mr. Eisenberg voted negatively for the following reasons: "The minutes of the committee meeting at M~.le Beach do not

record the actions of the committee on public comments, the correlating task group comments and motions made and voted on at the meeting. In parucular, it does not record a motion to remove building code conflicts from the text of the proposed document which had an 8 to 8 tie vote and was defeated by the tiebreaklng vote of the chairman.

The document is not a consensus document because of the number of people who believe that a Fire Prevention Co.de should take effect after construction work governed by building codes is complete. The current document covers new and exisung construction and is in conflict with existing building code provisions in effect throughout the country.

Adoption of the current document will exacerbate the current conflict between building code and fire prevention code enforcement and is not in the best interests of the public. The creation of dual authority over the building construcuon process is inefficient and costly, and can only lead to more confusion and disarray without

, contributing to the safety or well-being of the public.

The negative ballot and statements on the previous version of the document remain unresolved and will be so until the conflict with the building codes is eliminated."

Mr.Ingies voted negatively stating: As one of the members of the FMANA Task force that drafted the

rewrite of NFPA 1 in 1988-1989, it is with great reservation that I cast a negative ballot. Unfortunately committee members do not have =line item" veto power when casting their vote, because with the exception of some of the requirments for automatic sprinklers which are detailed below, I am in agreement with the contents of this document as presented for the TCIL

I do not support all of the sprinkler requirements contained in Paragraphs 7-1.2, 7-1.3, and 7-1.5.2 for the following reasons:

"1. Sprinklers in new one and two family dwelling. While I support the use of sprinklers in dwellings I do not believe they should be mandated. I beheve it should be up to the individual homeowner to make that decision, and while the costs of residential sprinklers are on the decline, they are still high enough that the requirement to insall sprinklers could prevent many people from purchasing a home. There are other issues that should be considered. If this document is going to require that all new dwellings are to be sprinldered, then it should also provide guidance to aid developers and AHJs when considering other fireprotection requirements. For example it is reasonable to assume that if all dwellings in a new development are sprinklered, then other fire protection requirements such as stored water supply, fire department equipment and personnel, hydrant spacing, etc. would be less restrictive and less of a burden on the community than for non-sprinklered dwellings. As written, there is no such guidance to assist in these types of decisions. Another issue is the availability of qualified contractors to do the worL I submit that there are numerous areas where qualified installers are not readily available which would result in delays in construction, very high costs, and most likely, poor installations. NFPA needs to take a very active role in promoting the use of residential sprinklers, but not by mandating them through a consensus standard.

138

2. Section 7.1.S. Requiring the installation of sprinklers based solely on square footage has no technical merit. I submit that there are numerous buildings that exceed these square foot limitations where the overall risk of fire is low enough such that sprinklers are not needed and their costs cannot be justified. The decision to protect a building with sprinklers should be based on consideration of many factors including Life Safety, hazard of contents, construction, manual fire fighting capabilities, .etc.

3. Section 7-1.5.2,'existing high rise buildings. I do not believe that mandating back fitting of sprinklers in existing high rise buildings in the name of"property protection" can be justified. I have no idea what the total cost of sprinklering all existing high rise buUdings in the nation would be, but I have to believe that a cost/benefit analysis with the property loss of all documented fires in unsprinklered high rise buildings over the past twenty or more years used as the benefit and the FULL cost of the sprinkler installatlons for all existing high rises would show that this requirement cannot be justified. Again, the decision to back fit an existing building with sprinklers should be " based on more than property damage considerations. If Life Safety is the real concern, then tliis issue should be taken up by the appropriate subcommittee for NFPA 101.

In summary, I believe that these particular sprinkler requirements, if left as curerndy written, will resuk in NFPA producing a code that win dot be widely adopted. If this happens, than all of the work of the FMANA Task Force, and the NFPA 1 committee will have been wasted.

Mr.Jaeger voted negatively stating: "Reluctantly again I feel I must cast a negative ballot. My negative

ballot is basedon the followsing:

1. NFPA is introducing a whole new concept as to what should be contained in a Fire Prevention Code.

2. The Standard conflicts with the requirements of other NFPA standards.

3. The Standard ignores specific direction from the Standards Council as to scope.

The Fire Prevention Codh, if adopted as proposed, introduces a whole new concept and creates a fourth type of Code. Currently the Code developing organizations have a Building Code, a Fire Prevention Code, a n d / o r a Life Safety Code. The proposed NFPA 1 is none of the above. It is far from a building code, and cannot be a life safety code based on direction from the Standards Council.

Although its tide may say Fire Prevention Code, it goes well beyond a fire prevention code. As proposed, it contains traditional building/ life safety code requirements for both new and existing buildings. It is intended in some areas to go beyond the requirements of both building codes and the Life SafetyCode for bo-th new and existing buildings. As proposed, NFPA 1 goes well beyond the traditional fire prevenuon codes. In truth, it is not a fire prevention code, it is a fire safety code. It falls somewhere between a tire prevention code lind a building code. If the Committee wants it to be a building code, it should be a building code - if it wants to be a fire prevenuon code, than it should be a fire prevention code. Unfortunately, it is neither. What we don ' t need is to create a fourth type of code.

Unfortunately, the one area NFPA 1 conflicts with all other Codes is in the area of sprinkler requirements. Therefore, if one votes negative it sounds like he is against sprinklers. I support sprinklers as much as anyone, my argument is with which document or code should contain the requirement for, sprinklers.

Many claim that NFPA 1 is not in conflict with the NFPA Life Safety Code requirements because NFPA I only deals with property protection and not life safety. This is just a deception tactic for those who want more sprinkler requirements. The proposed NFPA 1, requires sprinklers in most occupancies for property protection, but does not-r-equire standpipes in all buildingsln the ha/he of property protection.1 cannot agre~ e with this logic: , - .

NFPA 1 mandates sprinklers in all new residential occupancies to include one. and two-family dwellings in the "name of property protection'. The NFPA Life Safety Code does not require sprinklers m one. and two-family dwellings. If one agrees that the requirements contained in N~'. PA codes and standards are the position of NFPA,

then what we are saying is that sprinklers are required in one-and two-family dwellings for property protection reasons, but not for life safety reasons. I think the system looks foolish when it allows this to happen.

Traditionally a code ~ a t mandates sprinklers also has the ability to, and does, permit tradeoffs for the sprinklers. Because the Fire Prevention Code is neither a building code nor a Life S,~fety Code it does not contain the other building feature/'equirements, therefore it does not have the ability to allow tradeoffs.

Although NFPA 1 supposedly addresses property protection, it only does so in the area of sprinklers. It does not address reuqirements for maximum fire areas, fire rated compartmentation, budding construction types, standpipes, etc. If the Committee truly intends for NFPA 1 to address propertyprotection, then NFPA 1 should mandate sprinklers in industrial occupancies, storage occupancies, ~ecial occupancies such as refineries, nuclear generating plants, etc. Further, NFPA 1 should deal with the subject of property protection completely and not just in the area of sprinklers. The proponents of this proposed Standard are using NFPA 1 to get sprinklers mandated in occupancies and buildings that they have been successful in getting into the Life Safety Code a n d / o r the Building Codes. As much as I am a strong supporter of sprinklers, I am a strong supporter that NFPA Codes should not conflict or go outside the scope of their standard.

The NFPA Standards Council directed the NFPA 1 Committee that it would not write requirements for life safety in buildings because this rightfully fell under the scope of the Life Safe.ty Code. I believe the Committee has attempted to circumvent this direction in the name of property protecuon and has insulted the intelligence of the Council and those who read this document. NFPA 1 has mandated sprinklers with few exceptions in all sleeping occupancies but not in nonsleeping occupancies.

As stated I understand the issue as to the desirability to increase the requirements for mandatory sprinklers in sleeping occupancies for the purpose of saving lives, but hte argument must be fought within the Life Safety Code. The ~ A 1 Committee cannot dec~de that if the Life Safety Code wouldn t do it - we will, and call it property protection. This is exactly what the Standards Council directed NFPA 1 not to do. This is a circumvention of the NFPA regulations and process."

Mr. Mengel voted negatively stating: -i am young negatively on the basig that the Committee has

overstepped its bounds (scope) by introducing requirements for the installation of automatic sprinklers in various new structures beyond existing requirements of the Life Safety Code.

• While I do not specifically oppose the mandating of sprinklers in the occupancies, I feel that the proposals should be introduced through the Safety to Life Committee and its appropriate Subcommit- tee to obtain the expertise of members thereof."

Mr. Oggero voted negatively for the following reasons: "Sectiorl 3.6 -" Fire Lanes

The fire lane requirements are excessive. A dead-end access road of up to 600 feet should be permitted with a turn-around at the dosed end of at least 60 feet in diameter as required in existing NFPA 1.

Section 7-1 Where Reouired

Across-the-board requirements for sprinklers in one- and two-family dwelling are excessive. Some method Should be provided for the adoption of one- and two-family sprinkler requirements, but adoption of one- and two-family sprinkler requirements, but adoption should require separate action by the adopting authority."

Mr. Pielow voted negatively based on a review of negative ballots.

Mr. Wheeler voted negatively stating: "Issues that more appropriately belong in a Building Code, such as

sprinkler systems and roof covennlgs are still part of this document. While understanding and supporuve of the concepts, I consider that such issues must be part of a~0uilding code adopted by the local jurisdiction."

1 3 9 '

3. Section 7-1.5.2, existing high rise buildings• I do not believe that mandating back fitting of sprinklers in existing, high rise buildings in the name of "property protection" can be~usufied. I have no idea what the total cost of sprinklering all exisung high rise buildings in the nation would be, but I have to believe that a cost/benefit anal~is with theproperty loss of all documented fires in unsprinklered high rise buildings over the past twenty or more years used as the benefit and the FULL cost of the sprinkler installauons for all existing high rises would show that this requirement cannot be justified. Again, the decision to back fit an existing building with sprinklers should be based on more than property damage considerations. If Life Safety is the real concern, then this issue should be taken up by the appropriate subcommittee for NFPA 101.

In summary, I believe that these particular sprinkler requirements, if left as curerntiy written, will result in NFPA producing a code that ,will not be widely adopted. If this happens, than all of the work of the FMANA Task Force, and the NFPA 1 committee will have been wasted.

Mr.Jaeger voted negatively stating: "Reluctantly again I feel I must cast "a negative ballot. My negative

ballot is basedon the followsing:

1. NFPA is introducing a whole new concept as to what should be contained in a Fire Prevention Code.

2. The Standard conflicts with the requirements of other NFPA standards.

3. The Standard ignores specific direction from the Standards Council as to scope.

The Fire Prevention Code, if adopted as proposed, introduces a whole new concept and creates a fourth type of Code. Currently the Code developing organizations have a Building Code, a Fire Prevention Code, and /o r a Life Safety Code• The proposed NFPA 1 is none of the above. It is far from a building code, and cannot be a life safety code based on direction from the Standards Council.

Although its title may say Fire Prevention Code, i't goes well beyond aflre prevention code• As proposed, it contains traduional building/ life safety code requirements for both new and existing buildings. It is intended in some areas to go beyond-the requirements of both building codes and the Life Safety Code for both new and existing buildings. As proposed, NFPA 1 goes well beyond the traditional fire

' prevenuon codes• In truth, it is not a fire prevention code, it is a fire safety code• It falls somewhere between a fire prevention code and a building code. If the Committee wants it to be a buildin~ code, it should be a building code - fl i t wants to be a fire prevenuon code, than it should be a fire prevention code. Unfortunately, it is neither. What we don ' t need is to create a fourth type of code:

Unfortunately, the one area NFPA 1 conflicts with all other Codes is in the area of sprinlder requirements. Therefore, if one votes negative it sounds like he is against sprinklers. I support sprinklers as much as anyone, my argument is with which document or code should contain the requirement for sprinklers.

Many clhim that N~'PA 1 is not in conflict with the NFPA Life Safety Code requirements because NFPA 1 only deals with property protection and not life safety. This is just a deception tactic for those who want more sprinkler requirements. The proposed NFPA 1 requires sprinklers in most occupancies for property protection, but does not require standpipes in all buildings in the name of property protection. I cannot agree with this logic_ - -

NFPA 1 mandates sprinklers in all new residential occupancies to include one- and two-family dwellings in the "name of property protection ~. The NFPA Life Safety Code does not require sprinklers m one- and two-family dwellings. I f ' one agrees that the requirements contained in NFPA codes and standards are the position of NFPA, then what we are saying is that'sprinklers are required in one- and two-family dwellings for property protection reasons, but not for life safety reasons. I think the systemlooks foolish when it ailows this to happen.

Traditionally a code that mandates sprinklers also has the ability to, and does, permit tradeoffs for the sprinklers. Because the Fire Prevention Code is neither a building code nor a Life Safety Code it does not contain the other building feature requirements, therefore it does not have the ability to allow tradeoffs.

Although NFPA 1 supposedly addresses property protection, it only does so in the a/'ea of sprinklers. It does not address reuq,!rements for maximum fire areas, fire rated compartmentation, budding construction types, standpipes, etc. If the Committee truly intends for NFPA 1 to address property protection, then NFPA 1 should mandate sprinklers in industrial occupancies, storage occupancies, special occupancies such as refineries, nuclear generating plants, etc. Further, NFPA 1 should deal with the subject of property protection completely and not just in the area ofspnnklers. The proponents of this proposed Standard are using NFPA 1 to get sprinklers mandated in occupancies and buildings that they have been 'successful in getting into the Life Safety Code and /o r the Building Codes. As much as I am a strohg supporter of sprinklers, I am a strong supporter that NFPA Codes should not conflict or go outside the scope of their standard.

The NFPA Standards Council directed the NFPA 1 Committee that it would not write requirements for life safety in buildings because this rightfully fell under the scope of the Life Safe~ Code. I believe the Committee has attempted to circumvent this direction in the name of property protecuon and has insulted the intelligence of the Council and those who read this document. NFPA 1 has mandated sprinklers with few exceptions in all sleeping occupancies but not in nonsleeping occupancies.

As stated I understand the issue as to the desirability to increase the requirements for mandatory sprinklers in sleeping occupancies for the purpose of saving lives, but hte argument must be fought within the Life Safety Code. The NFPA 1 Committee cannot decide that if the Life Safety Code wouldn't do it - we will, and call it property protection. This is exactly what the Standards Council directed NFPA I not to do. This is a circumvention of the NFPA regulations and p r o c e s s • ~

Mr. Mengel voted negatively stating: "I am voung negatively on the basis that the Committee has

overstepped its bounds (scope) by introducing requirements for the installation of automatic sprinklers in various new structures beyond existing requirements of the Life Safety Code. '

While I do not specifically oppose the mandating of sprinklers in the occupancies, I feel that the proposals should be introduced through the Safety to Life Committee and its appropriate Subcommit- tee to obtain the expertise of members thereof."

Mr. Oggero voted negatively for the following reasons: "Section 3.6 - Fire L~nc~

The fire lane requirements are excessive. A dead-end access road of up to 600 feet should be permitted with a turn-around at the closed end of at least 60 feet in diameter as required in existing NFPA 1.

Section 7-1 Where Reeuired

Across-the-board requirements for sprinklers in one- and two-family dwelling are excessive. Some method should be provided for the adoption of one- and two-family sprinkler requirements, but adoption of one- and two-family sprinkler requirements, but adoption should require separate action by the adopting authority."

Mr. Pielow voted • negatively based on a review of negative ballots.

Mr. Wheeler voted negatively stating: "Issues that more appropriately belong in a Building Code, such as

sprinkler systems and roof covenngs are still part of this document. V,q~ile understanding and supportive of the concepts, I considel that such issues must be part of abuilding code adopted by the local jurisdiction."

14(~

N F P A 1 w A 9 2 T C R

(Log # 1) 1-1 - (3-5.5.1 (New)): Reject SUBMITTER: Edward Hildebrandt, Village of Morton Grove ' RECOMMENDATION: Revise text to read:

3.5.5.1 Hydrants shaft be provided in sufficient number and be located in a manner that witl enable the fire flow needed to be delivered through hose lines about any structure'. The fire flow needed and the hydrant locations shall be determined by the fire marshal, but in no case shall the distance from important structures to approved hydrants exceed 500 ft. SUBSTANTIATION: 5-6.5 currently requires the installation of private water mains meetihg NFPA 24 requirements where public hydrants can not meet fire department needs. NFPA 24 has spacing and,fire flow requirements in 4-2.1. My revised wording for this proposed section would place NFPA 24, 4-2.1 into the Fire Prevendon Code so that its provisions could also be applied to public fire hydrant spacing and flow.

Minimum acceptable fire flow from an individual hydrant should be determined by the Fire Marshal after careful consideradon of total fire flow required, local fire department tactics, and physical configuration of the premises and water supply system. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Recommendation'lacks specific guidance relative to detehnining needed fire flow.

(Log # 4)' 1- 2 - (Entire'Code): Reject SUBM1TrER: Robert C. Gilardi, Compressed Gas Association RECOMMENDATION: Add a new chapter to NFPA 1 on compressed gases as per the following:

1.0 Scope. 1.1 The purpose of this section is to provide requirements for the

safe storage, use and handling of compressed gases, and to provide information needed by emergency response personnel. It does not apply to the off-site transportation of compressed gasses in cdnform-

• ance with the Depa(tment of Trmasportation (DOT) regulations (49. CFR).

1.2 The storage, handling and use of compressed and liquefied gases shall comply with the applicable sections of NFPA 43C, 45, 50, 50A, 50B, 51, 51A, 51B, 54, 58, 59 and 99 in addition to this code.

Not covered: (a) Radioactive Gases (b) Cryogenic Liquids 1.3 Gases will be classified in descending order of primary hazard as

follows: (a) toxic (b) pyrophoric (c) flammable (d) oxidizing (e) corrosive (f) nonfiammable

.2.0 Definitions. '

2.1 For the purpose of this section, certain terms and words are defined as follows: Absolute Pressure is based on a zero reference point, the perfect

vacuum. Measured from this reference the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level is defined as 14.7 psia (pounds per square in. absolute); however, local atmospheric pressure may deviate from this

- standard value because ofweather.conditons and distances above or below sea level. Absolute pressure is commonly denoted as psia.

CFR is the abbreviation for the Code of Federal Regulations. Compressed Gas is: (a) a material or mixture having, in the compres~d gas contianer,

an absolute pressure exceeding 40 psi at 70°F., or (b) regardless of the pressure at 70°F, having an absolute pressure

exceeding 104 psi at 130°F; or (c) any liquid flammable material having an absolute vapor

pressure exceeding 40 psi at 100°F, as determined by ASTM test D- 323.

Compressed Gas Containers are vessels of various shapes and sizes, (e.g., cylinders, stationary tanks, portable taks) meeting design and

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material of construction specifications of the United States Depart- ment of Transportation, Transport Canada, or the American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

Contamination is the introduction of any foreign substance into a compressed gas container or system.

Continuous Gas Detection System is a gas detection system where the instrument is maintained in continuous operation and sampling is performed without interruption. Sampling may be performed on a cyclical basis at a frequency not to

exceed 50 minutes. Control Area is space within a building where the exempt amounts

may be stored, dispensed, used or handled. Corrosive Gas is a gas that in contact with living tissue causes

destruction of the tissue by chemical action. This term shall not refer to action on inanimate surfaces.

Cylinder is a compressed gas container designed for pressures higher than 40 pounds per square inch absolute and having a circular cross-section. It does not include a portable tank, multi.unit tank car, cargo tank or tank car.

Dealer is any organization which handles compressed gas containers at a depot and which does not produce, consume, or repackage the material.

Distributor is any organization which repackages gases and handles compressed gas containers but does not consume compressed gases.

Excess flow control is a fail-safe system designed to shut off flow at a predetermined flow in pressurized piping systems.

Flammable Gas is a gas which is flammable in mixture of 13 percent or less (by volume) with air, or the flammable range with air is wider th.an 12 percent regardless of the. lower limit.

Gas Manufacturer is a business that produces compressed gases. Handling means moving, connecting or disconnecting a corn- '

pressed gas container'. Hazardous Materials are those chemicals or substances which are

physical hazards or health hazards as defined and classified in 49 CFR whether the materials are in usable or waste condition.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is written or printed material concerning a hazardous material which is prepared in accordance with the provisions of29 CFR 1910.1200.

Nesting is a method of securely storing cylinders upright in a tight mass using a contiguous three-point contact system whereby all cylinders in a group have a minimum of three contact points with other cylinders or a solid support structure. (i.e. wall, railing).

Nonflammable Gas is a gas that does not meet the definition of a flammable gas and is generally nonreactive.

OSHA is the abbreviation for the Occupational Safety Health Administration.

Oxidizing Gas is a gas which in the presence of an ignition source can support and vigorously accelerate combustion of other materials.

Portable Tank is any packaging over 60 U.S. gallons capacity , designed primarily to be loaded into, or on, or temporarily attached to, a transport vehicle or ship and equipped with skids, mounting, or accessories to facilitate handling of the tank by mechanical means. It does not include any cylinder, cargotank, cars or trailers carryig cylinders of over 1,000 pounds water capacity. Pressure Regulator is a mechanical device used to safely c6ntrol the

discharge pressure of a compressed gas from a compressed gas container. Pressure Relief Device is a mechanical device designed to open at a

specific pressure and /o r specific temperature. Pyrophoric Gas is a gas that will spontaneously ignite in air at or

below a temperature of 1S0°F. Reduced Flow Device is a device designed to reduce the maximum

flow from a compressed gas container under full flow conditions. Secondary Containment is that level of containment that is external

to and separate from primary containment. Separate Gas Storage Room is a separate eficlosed are a which is part

of or attached to a building and is utilized for the storage of compressed gases.

Stationary Tank is any storage vessel designed primarily for stationary installations not intended for loading, unloading or attachment to a transport vehicle'as part of its normal operation in the process of use. It does not include cylinders having less than 1,000 pounds water capacity. .,

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N F P A 1 - - A 9 2 T C R

Storage is maintaining an inventory of compressed gases for distribution or future use. Toxic Gas is gas having a Health Hazard Rating of 4 with respect to

NFPA 704 i.e., having an LCs0 of less than I000 ppm. Use is the consumption of a compressed gas in a nonrecoverable

manner. User is an individual, group or business entity which utilizes the

compressed gas in a nonrecoverable manner. Valve Oudet Caps and Plugs are removable caps and plugs provided

by the gas manufacturer to form a gas-tight seal on valve outlets of certain gases and, in some cases, for valve thread protection. Valve Protection Device is a device attached to the neck ring or body

of the cylinder for the purpose of protecting the cylinder valve from being struck or damaged from impact resulting from a fall or an object striking the cylinder. Valve protective Cap is a rigid removable cover provided for

compressed gas container valve protection. 3.0 Releases. 3.1 Releases of Compressed Gases. Releases of toxic or corrosive

compressed gases that present a hazard to life shall be reported to the authority having jurisdiction.

3.1.1 Monitoring Program. When a monitoring program for these gases is required, the program shall be prepared, implemented and made available for review by the authority having jurisdiction upon reasonable request. The program shall include:

3.1.1.1 Description of the location (reference facility map if appropriate).

3.1.1.2 Description of monitoring methods used to detect leaks. 3.1.1.3 Type and manufacturer of any monitoring equipment. 3.1.1.4 Monitoring frequency for that storage facility. 3.1.1.5 Maintenance frequency of monitoring equipment. 3.1.2 A monitoring program need not be provided when the

physiological warning properties of gas are at a level below the exposure concentration accepted by the American Council of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).

3.1.3 Records of the monitoring program shall be kept at the facility and made available to the authority havingjurisdictlon upon reasonable request.

4.0 Hazard Warnings. 4.1 Visible hazard identification signs shall be placed at all

entrances to locations where compressed gases are prduced, stored, used or handled in quantities requiring a permit. The authority having jurisdiction may waive this requirement in special cases when consistent with safety.

4.2 Individual compressed gas containers shall be conspicuously marked or labeled in accordance with nationally recognized standards for compressed gases. CGA C-7 may be used to nieet this requirement.

4.3 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) shall be available as required by OSHA regulations.

4.4 Signs: 4.4.1 In addition to the hazard identification signs required by 4.1,

stationary aboveground tanks shall be labeled with hazard identification for the material contained.

4.4.2 Signs shall not be obscured or removed. 4.4.3 Signs shall be in English as a primary language or in symbols

allowed by this code. 4.4.4 Signs prohibiting smoking shall be provided in areas where

toxic, flammable, oxidizing or pyrophoric gases are produced, handled, stored or used.

4.4.5 Signs shall be durable. Size, color and lettering shall be in conformance with nationally recognized standards. 4.4.6 Signs on storage tanks shall identify the product contained therein. 4.5 The labels applied by the gas manufacturer to identify the

compressed gas containe/" contents shall not be altered or removed by the user.

5.0 Personnel Training. 5.1 Persons responsible for, or working in the areas where

compressed gases are produced, stored, handled or used, shall be familiar with the chemical and physical properties of the materials and the appropriate emergency response necessary in the event of fire, leak or spill.

6.0 Security. 6.1 Storage areas shall be secured against unauthorized entry. 7.0 Facility Closure Plan. 7.1 The permit holder or applicant shall submit a plan to the Fire

Deparunent to terminate storage, handling or use of compressed gases at least thirty (3.0) days prior to facility closure. The plan shall demonstrate that compressed gases which were stored,handled or used in the facility have been transported, disposed of or reused in a manner that eliminates the need for further maintenance and any threat to public health and safety. Such plans shall be submitted in accordance with 3-1.

8.0 Out of Service Facilities. 8.1 Facilities may be placed out of service in accordance with the

following: 8.1.1 Temporarily Out of Service Facilities. Facilities which are

temporarily out of service shall continue to be permitted, monitored and inspected.

8.1.2 Permanently Out of Service Facilities. Facilities for which a permit is not kept current or is not monitored and inspected on a regular basis shall be deemed to be permanently out of service and shall be closed in accordance with Sec. 7.0.

9.0 Emergency Plan. 9.1 An emergency response plan shall be available wherever

compressed gases are produced, handled, stored or used. The following information shall be provided to the authorty having jurisdicton for each facility. (see 29 CFR 1910.1200) 9.1.1 The type of emergency equipment available and its locadon. 9.1.2 A brief description of any testing or maintenance programs

for the available emergency equipment` 9.1.3 An indication that hazard identification labeling is provided

for each storage area. 9.1.4 Location of posted emergency response procedures. 9.1.5 A list of responsible person(s) who are designated and ~alned

to be liaison personnel for the Fire Department. This person(s) shall aid the Fire Department in pre-planning emergency responses, identifying of the locations where hazardous materials are located, accessing Material Safety Dam Sheets, and shall he knowledgeable in the site emergency response procedures.

10.0 Compressed Gas Containers. 10.1 Design and Construction. Containers, cylinders and tanks

shall be designed, fabricated, tested and marked (stamped) in accordance with Regulations of the U.S. Department of Transporta- tion (DOT), Transport Canada (TC) or the Rules for the Construe- don of Unfired Pressure Vessels: Secdon VIII, ASME Boiler & Pressure.Vessel Code.

10.2 Defective Containers, Cylinders and Tanks - shall be removed from service, repaired, or disposed of in an approved manner. (See CGA C-2, C-6, C-6.1, and C-6.2.)

10.3 Compressed gas containers having residual product shall be treated as full except when being examined, serviced or refilled by a gas manufacturer or distributor. 10.4 Any stationary tank used for the storage of toxic gases and out

of service for a period of 90 days shall be safeguard or removed. Safeguarding shall include having the fill line, gauge openings and pump connection secured against tampering and pr()perly maintaining the vent lines. Tanks which are to be placed back in service shall be reinspected for serviceability before refilling or reuse. 10.5 Valve Protective Caps. Where compressed gas containers are

designed to accept valve protective caps, the user shall keep such caps on compressed gas containers at all times except when connected for USe.

10.6 Valve Oudet Caps or Plugs. Where gas-tight valve oudet caps or plugs are provided, the user shall keep such devices on the valve oudet at all dines except when compressed gas containers are connected for use. 10.7 Compressed gas containers exposed to fire shall not be used

until they are requalified in accordance with DOT regulations. 11.0 Safety Precautions. 11.1 Ignition Source Control. I 1.I.1 Smoking or open flames shall not be permitted in any room

or area where flammable, oxidizing, pyrophoric or toxic compres~d gases are produced, stored, handled or used.

1 I.I.2 Where a flammable ~ may be ignited by stadc electridty, means shall be provided to prevent a static discharge. (See NFPA 77, Guide to Reducing Hazards from Static Electricity).

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NFPA I ~ A92 TCR

11.1.3 Electrical equiment and wiring in areas where flammable gases are produced, stored, handled or used shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of the Nau'onal Electrical Code;

11.2 Fire Extinguishing Systems. 11.2.1 Unless exempted or otherwise provided for, indoor rooms,

indoor areas an buildings for use or storage of toxic compressed gases shall be protected by an automatic sprinkler system. The design of the sprinkler system shall be not less than that required under NFPA 13. Exception: Approved alternate automatic fire extinguishing systems

may be used. 11.2.2 A fire alarm activation station or approved.emergency signal

device shall be installed outside exit door of buildings, rooms or areas where the above gases are used or stored. Activation of the system shall sound a local alarm.

11.2.3 When manual alarm, emergency signal, detection or automatic fire extinguishing systems are required, such systems shall be supervised by an approved central or remote station service or shall initiate an audible or visual signal at a constantly attended onsite location.

11.3 Compressed Gas Containers. 11.3.1 Compressed gas containers shall not be placed where they

might become a part of an electrical circuit.

11.3.2 Except during processing for refilling, compressed gas containers shall not be exposed to temperatures exceeding 125°F.

11.4 Explosion Venting or Suppression. Unless exempted or otherwise provided for, indoor storage use and handling areas and storage buildings for flammable gases shall be provided with explosion venting, equivalent protective devices, suppression systems, or barricades. The design shall recognize the nature of the stored material and its behavior in an explosion. See NFPA 69.

11.5~ Standby Power. When mechanical ventilation, treatment systems, temperature control, manual alarm, detection or other electrically operated systems are required by other provisions of this section, such systems shall be connected to a standby source of power to automatically supply electrical power in the event of loss of power from'the primary source. (See the National Electrical Code.)

11.6 Compressed Gas Cabinets. Compressed gases which are stored or used in cabinets shall be in cabinets designed in accordance with this section or other nationally recognized standards.

11.6.1 General. Cabinets shall be conspicously labled in red letters on contrasting background "HAZARDOUS -KEEP FIRE AWAY". • 11.6.2 When gas cabinets are provided they shall be: 11.6.2.1 Operated at negative pressure in relation to the surround-

ing area. 11.6.2.2 Provided with self-closing limited access ports or 'noncom-

bustible windows to give access to equipment controls. The average velocity of ventilation at the face of access ports or windows shall be not less than 200 feet per.minute (fpm) with a minimum of 150 fpm at any point of the access port or window.

11.6.2.3 Provided with a treatment system to process all exhausted ventilation from the gas cabinet. The system shall be sized to treat~. the total capacity of the largest toxic gas cylinder at the maximum flowrate based on controls in place.

NOTE: If toxic gas leakage is emitted to the atmosphere, regulations of EPA and state and local envlronm'ental law may also apply.

11.6.2.4 Provided with self-closing doors. 11.6.2.5 Constructed of not less than 12-gauge steel which may be

coated to prevent corrosion. 11.6.2.6 Internally sprinklered. 11.7 Securing Cylinders. Compressed gas cylinders in use or in

storage shall be adequately secured to prevent falling or being knocked over.

ExcEptions: 1. Compressed gas cylinders in the process of examination,

servicing and refilling are exempt from this section. 2. Cylinders may be stored and used in the horizontal position in

accordance with nationally recognized standards (e.g. CGA P-l, CGA S-1.1). At cylinder filling plant operations and dealer's warehouses, the nesting of cylinders is an equiwalent safe method of securing cylinders. " 11.8 OperatingInstructions. Legible operating instructions shall be maintained at the operating location.

11.9 Limit Controls. Limit controls shall be provided in accordance with the fol!owing:

11.9.1 Temperature. Storage tanks and equipment which require temperature control of the material shall be provided with limit controls to maintain the temperature within a safe range.

11.9.2 Pressure. Stationary tanks or process equipment containing materials which may generate pressures exceeding the tank or equiment design limits due to exposure to fires or internal reaction shall be equipped with pressure limiting or relief devices designed in accordance with CGA $1.1 or $1.2 or ASME Section VIII.

Pressure relief devices for stationary tanks or process equipment for toxic or corrosive materials shall vent to an exhaust scrubber or treatmentsystem for processing vapors or gases. Pressure relief devices for flammable or explosive vapors or gases shall vent to an approved location.

11.10 Smoke Detection. An approved, supervised, smoke-detection system shall be provided in rooms or areas where toxic compressed gases are stored indoors. Activation of the detection systems shall sound a local alarm.

11.11 Emergency Equipment. 11.11.1 Breathing Apparatus. When toxic compressed gases are

produced, handled, stored or used, a minimum of two self-contained breathing apparatus shall be provided. The breathing apparatus shall be suitable for use with the material

and shall be located near the immediate area in a location that provides safety to those expected to don the apparatus. A safe area is one which is not likely to be immediately affected by the release of hazardous material in the area of concern. When self-contained breathing apparatus would be inadequate

protection due to the nature of the gases present, other appropriate protective equipment shall be provided.

12.0 Storage. 12.1 General Storage Requirements. 12.1.1 This section shall apply to the storage of all compressed gases

unless otherwise specified. 12.1.2 Separation of Incompatible Compressed Gases. 12.1.2.1 Nonflammable gases may be stored adjacent to gases of

other classifications. 12.1.2.2 Corrosive gas containers may be stored adjacent to gases of

other classifications. 12.1.2.3 Toxic gas cylinders shall not be intermixed with com-

pressed gas containers of any other classification of gas. Although toxic gas cylinders may be stored adjacent to nonflammable gas cylinders, they should be separated from cylinders of flammable gases which do not contain toxic gases.

12.1.2.4 Flammable gases may be stored adjacent to any other classification of gas except toxics (see 12-1.2.2) and oxidizers. Flammable gases shall be separted from toxics and oxidizers by a minimum distance of 20 ft or by a barrier of noncombustible material at least 5 ft high having a fire resistance rating of at least 1 hour.

12.1.2.5 Pyrophoric gases shall be separated from all toxics, oxidizers and flammable gases by a minimum distance of at least 20 ft or by a barrier of noncombustible material at least 5 ft high having a fire resistance rating of at least I hour.

12.1.2.6 Oxidizing gases maybe stored with nonflammable or corrosive gas containers. Oxidizing gas containers shall be separated from flammable, pyrophoric and toxic gas containers in accordance with 12.1.2.3, 12.1.2.4 and 12.1.2.5.

12.1.3 Storage Location. 12.1.3.1 Outdoor storage areas shall be kept clear of dryvegetation

and combustible materials for a minimum distance of.15 ft. 12.1.3.2 Containers stored outside shall not be placed on the

ground (earth) or on surfaces where water can accumulate. 12.1.3.8 Outdoor storage area shall be provided with physical

protection where damage from vehicles is possible: 12.1.3.4 Outdoor storage areas shall be permitted to be covered

with canopies of noncombustible construction. 12.1.3.5 Indoor areas used to store toxic gases shall be equipped

with a continuous gas detection system which provides an alarm to warn of the presence of toxic gases in levels that present a hazard to life.

Exception: A continuous gas detection system need not be provided when the physiological warning properties of the gas(es) are at a level below the exposure concentration accepted by the American Council of Government Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).

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12.1.4 Other General Storage Requirements. 12.1.4.1 When two or more compressed gases are stored in a gas

cabinet, the gases shall be compatible. 12.1.4.2 Spill control, drainage and secondary containment shall

not be required for the storage of compressed gases. 12.1.4.3 Except for surfacing, floors of storage areas shall be of

noncombustible construction. 12.1.4.4 Shelves used for the storage of cylinders shall be of

substantial construction and adequately braced. For seismic zoning requirements, refer to the applicable building code.

12.1.5 Separation from Incompatible Hazardous Material. Storage of compressed gases in excess of the exempt amounts specified in Table 12-1 shall be either:

(1) Segregated from any "incompatible hazardous materials storage by a minimum distance of not less than 20 it; or

(2) Isolated from any incompatible hazardous material storage by a barrier of noncombustible material at least 5 ft high having a fire resistance rating of at least one hour.

12.2 Toxic Gases. 12.2.1 General. In addition to the requirements of the building

codes, the following specific requirements for storage of toxic gases apply when the amounts of toxic gases exceed those exempt amounts listed in Table 12.1.

12.2.1.1 Exhaust ventilation systems for indoor toxic gas storage shall comply with the following except where natural ventilation can be shown to be acceptable for the gases stored:

12.2.1.1.1 Installation shall be in accordance with nationally recognized standards or sound engineering practice.

12.2.1.1.2 When gas cabinets are not used, mechanical ventilation shall be operated continuously at a rate of not less than I cubic foot per minute per square foot of floor area of the storage area while the area is occupied. Alternate designs may be approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

Exception: While the area is occupied, the ventilation rate may be reduced provided ventilation is increased in the event concentrations exceed a predetermined set point below that concentration which might pose a hazard to life.

12.2.1.1.3 A manual ventilation shutoff shall be provided outside the room adjacent to the access door into the room or in a location approved by the authority having jurisdiction. The switch shall be lab.eled "ventilation system emergency shutoff."

12.2.1.1.4 Exhuast ventilation shall not be recircuiated within a room or building.

Table 12-1

Compressed Gas Storage, Handling and Use

Exempt Amounts

Maximum Quantities per

Control Area (Cubic Feet) (NTP) 1.2

Unsprinkiered Sprinkiered No Cabinet Cabinets No Cabinet Cabinets

Toxic Gas Ocf 20cf Ocf Ocf Pyrophoric Gas 500cf 1000cf 1500cf 3000cf Flammable Gas

(liquefied) 300 lbs N / A Unrestricted N / A Flammable gas

(compressed) 2500cf N / A 5000cf N / A Oxidizing Gas 20,000cf 20,000cf Corrosive Gas 1501b 3001b 3001b 6001b Nonfammable GasUnrestricted N/AUnrestricted N/A

1. No exempt amounts are permitted in Group R Occupancies or offices or retail sales portions of Group B Occupancies.

2. Except for cylinders not exceeding 20 cubic feet stored within a gas storage cabinet or fume hood, no exempt amounts are permitted in Group A, E, I or M Occupancies or in classrooms of Group B Occupancies.

12.2.1.1.5 Ventilation does not have to be operated while the storage area is unoccupied. 12.2.1.2 In addition to the provisions of the applicable building code, outdoor storage of toxic gases shall be located 75 feet from a line of property which may be built upon, public ways, places of public assembly and buildings not associated with the manufacturer or use of the gases in storage.

12.2.1.3 Cylinders of toxic gas shall have valve protective devices or caps and gas tight valve outlet caps or plugs in place. This shall apply to all cylinders whether fuU, partially full or empty.

12.2.2 Gas Manufacturers, Distributors and Dealers. 12.2.2.1 Toxic gases shall be permitted to be stored outdoors, or

indoors with adequate ventilation, to prevent accumulation of gases in concentrations hazardous to life.

12.2.2.2 All locations where toxic gases are stored shall have equipment on site or readily available which is capable of containing., controlling, processing or mitigating leaks from compressed gas containers.

12.2.3 User Locations. 12.2.3.1 Storage of toxic gases at user locations shall be in gas

cabinets or exhausted enclosures having positive exhaust ventilation. Exception: Other means acceptable to the authority having

jurisdiction which provide an equivalent level of safety. 12.2.3.2 At least one gas cabinet or exhausted enclosure shall be

provided for the handling of leaking cylinders or portable tanks of toxic gases. The cabinet or enclosure shall be located as foUows:

12.2.3.2.1 Within or adjacent to outdoor storage areas. 12.2.8.2.2 Within a separate gas storage room. Exception: A cabinet or exhausted enclosure need not be provided

for leaking cylinders if all c~linders are stored within gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures.

12.2.3.3 Gas cabinets or exhausted enclosures shall be connected to treatment systems.

12.3 Compressed Flammable, Pyrophoric, and Liquified Flammable Gases.

12.8.1 General. In addition to the requirements of the building codes, the following specific requirements for storage of these gases apply when the amounts of flammable gases exceed the exempt. quantities listed in Tables 12-1.

12.8.1.1 Electrical equipment shall conform to the provisions of NFPA 70 National Electrical Code, Article 501 for Class 1, division 2 locations.

12.3.1.2 Smoking, open flames and other ignition sources shall not be permitted in areas where these gases are stored.

12.3.1.3 Additional indoor storage, in unsprinklered areas, of these. gases in excess of the exempt quantities in Table 12-1 shall be permitted if separated by a distance of at least 100 ft. For sprinkiered areas the distance may be reduced to 25 feet.

12.3.1.4 Liquefied flammable gas cylinders shall be stored in the upright psition. (See NFPA 58).

13.0 Use and Handling. 13.1 General. This section shall apply to the use or handling of

compreised gases. 13.1.1 When the amount of compressed gases handled or used in

one control area exceeds that specified in Table 12-1, such handling or use shall be located in a room or area constructed in accordance with the provisions of the lcoal building code.

13.2 Equiment. Equiment, machinery and systems utilized for use or handling of compressed gases shall be suitable for the intended use. Such equipment, machinery and systems shall be maintained in an operable condition, or where found to be defective, shall be removed from service until repaired or replaced. SUBSTANTIATION: NFPA 1 should be more specific to compressed gases, and this proposed chapter will give the fire marshal or fire chief comprehensive and complete coverage on the subject based on current standards and practice. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Proposal 1-2 (Log #4) contains detailed requirements more suitable for a technical standard than the Fire Safety Code. The Committee feels the proposed subject matter should be considered by a different Technical Committee.

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iLog # 2) 1- 3 - (Entire Code): Reject SUBMI'rTER: Pat McAvenia, Commodities Corp. USA RECOMMENDATION: None. SUBSTANTIATION: Locatiofi of portable extinguisher th roughou t buildings. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Proposal 1-B (Log #2) has not recommended what action the Committee should take and has not stated a problem or substantiation.

(Log #S) 1- 4 - (Entire Code): Accept in Principle SUBMFFrER: J. Benjamin Roy, Jr., Fire Marshals Association of North America RECOMMENDATION: This proposal is respectfully submitted to the NFPA: for appropriate consideration and acceptance by the NFPA 1 Technical Committee in the interest of improving the overall fire safety of the general public from the threat of fire, explosion and other hazardous conditions. A rewrite ofNFPA 1 was reprinted in the 1991 Annual Meeting TC1L A copy is also available from the Standards Administration Dept. at NH'A. SUBSTANTIATION: The purpose of this proposal is to provide a comprehensive review and modification to NFPA 1, Fire Prevention Code. The executive leadership of the Fire Marshals Association of North America recognized a need for the NFPA to provide a comprehensive fire code that addresses the needs of the fire marshal, inspectors and others who are responsible for establishirig minimum levels of safety from fire, explosions and other physical life-threatening conditions, including those encountered because of the use of hazardous materials.

The Executive Committee established a task force to prepare the proposal and a peer review group to provide feedback to the task force during the development of the proposal. The FMANA membership attending the business meeting at the annual NFPA conference in May, 1989 also provided a unanimous vote of support" for the project.

The objectives of this proposal are to produce a document that is user.friendly, adoptable, enforceable, consistent with and based upon other NFPA codes and standards, independent of any single building code, and comprehensive in its coverage. The substantiation for this proposal is provided in broad general

discussions as opposed to minute detail for each sentence or requirement. Since the technical requirements in this proposal are mostly extracts from existing NFPA documents, the FMANA Task Force is relying on the parent NFPA Committees for technical justifcafion of the requirment.

Consistent with other NFPACodes and Standards: This proposal integrates existing requirements of NFPA codes and standards through the extract policy in a manner which is efficient for the Fire Marshal, inspector or responsible party and clearly identifies which standards should be used when the situation calls for more specific detail.

User Friendliness: This proposal provides a logical sequence of material formatted .into chapters and sections that make it easy to find the basic requirements in the text and references. It is the intent that the material in this proposal provides the fire inspector and other users with the material needed to conduct 70 -80% of the routine fire inspections without the need to take additional codes or standards into the field. NFPA 1 currei~tiy is an outline of which NFPA Codes and Standards should be used.

This proposal recognizes that detailed information is not available in the text to conduct a special or non-routine inspection. A special inspection would require the inspector to use this text and one or more of the other codes or standards that deal with the special process Or situation.

Adophable: This proposal also recognizes that a code must be easily adoptable by a community, state or other authority to be an effective tool. An example of a model adoption ordinance is provided in the front of the proposal that could be utilized by an adopting jurisdiction. Itwas also recognized that the code must use generally accepted good practices in addition to recognizing the fire and life safety problems that are encountered in adopting jurisdictions.

Enforceable: To be an effective tool, a code must also be enforceable. This proposal provides the minimum standards in language that can be understood by the inspector and the business community. The requirements are based on generally accepted good practice that are currently being used in model codes and standards and by one or more jurisdictions. This proposal also outlines the authority of the fire marshal and the responsible party of the respective business. A procedure to appeal a decision is provided, for use when there is disagreement between the fire marshal and the responsible party.

Independem of any ~ingle buildin~ code: This proposal is not a building code. It is not intended to be a substitute for a building code, its use or its need. However, this proposal also recognizes that many jurisdictions in the United States do not have building codes but desire a basic minimum level of fire safety. This proposal is intended to provide the basic fire and related life safety standards that address the immediate threat to physical danger from fire, explosions or other hazardous conditions (e.g. hazardous materials). This proposal also recognizes that many jurisdictions have a building code, either their own or one of the recognized model building codes. This proposal should be and can be compatible with any existing building code. Some modification may be required in either the.fire code or building code or both.

Comnrehensive in Coverage: This proposal is comprehensive in its approach to the modem fire problem which includes the physical threats and health threats'that fire department emergency respond- ers are called upon to handle. It deals with the traditional fire safety and life safety concerns. In addition, it addresses the toxicological and health issues that cause an immediate'threat to life and physical safety. This document does not duplicate other state and federal regulations such as OSHA, EPA, DOT and others. It does however, give the Fire Marshal specific authority to enforce the state or federal regulations.

Use QfExtract Policy: The extract policy has been used extensively in this proposal. The NFPA Fire Safety Code brings together and coordinates the technical requirements of NFPA codes and standards most commonly used by the fire marshal in the field. This is not meant to reduce in any way the importance of any single document. It is however, meant to recognize the field use of these documents.

Technical information within the scope of an existing NFPA , document has not been changed. However, the information in the technical document that is most commonly needed in the field during routine inspections has been extracted and appears in NFPA 1.

When an inspection goes beyond the routine with regard to any technical issue, it is expected that the parent NFPA document would be needed to conduct a thorough inspections.

Plans Review:. This document also outlines the authority and responsibility of the Fire Marshal with regard to the review and approval of construction plans and shop drawings. It is not the purpose of this document to provide all of the information required to review a set of plans or drawings. It is expected that the reviewer would have a complete set of NFPA codes and standards available for use during the review of any plans or drawings.

Formal Interpretation It is intended that all requests for formal interpretation regarding information in NFPA 1 will be forwarded to the appropriate parent committee when the person making the request is asking for an interpretation of the requirements found in a technical document referenced by NFPA 1. For example, if someone requested a formal interpretation from N'r"PA 1 regarding the spacing of sprinkler heads, the request would automatically be sent to the " NFPA 18 committee for interpretation.

Only formal interpretations that are within the primary jurisdiction of NFPA 1 are expected to be processed by the NFPA 1 Committee.

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Sorinkler Requirement0: The requirements for automatic fire sprinkler installations in this proposal are for new occupancies only, with two exceptions. The first exception is existing high-rise. I t is strongly felt by FMANA that all existing high.rise occupancies should be protected by automatic fire sprinklers. It is recognized that a retroactive requirement like this requires economic and logistical planning on the part of owners of these buildings so the proposal suggests (by Note) that there should be a phase-in period for the necessary work to be completed.

The second exception is the requirement for automatic fire sprinklers in existing occupancies as specified by the Life Safety Code. Also, within certain occupancies the Life Safety Code allows certain conditions to exist ff automatic fire sprinklers are installed. These are options and alternatives that are available and adopted by this code.

For new occupancies, this proposal requires automatic fire sprinklers in any occupancy that has overnight sleeping, is a high-rise or is a class A or B public assembly. This includes one and two family dwellings. The history of the effectiveness of automatic fire sprinklers is well documented.

The loss of life in one and two family dwellings continues to account for approximately two-thirds" of the total life loss by fire in the United States. The technology is available and currently in use to adequately protect the places people live, NFPA 13D, the standard used for the installation of automatic fire sprinklers in one and two family dwellings has proven to be an effective life safety system and in most cases also extinguishes the fire which reduces property loss, destruction of personal belongings and much of the personal misery associated with fires in homes.

This proposal recognizes that the NFPA has a standard for the installation of automatic fire sprinklers for one and two family dwellings, that the technology is available and has been implemented in many areas of the country and that the effectiveness of these systems to save lives and property has been well documented.

Automatic fire sprinklers are required in new occupancies other than those mentioned above for buildings greater than or equal to three stories in height; or greater than or equal to 19,000 square feet per any single story; or greater than 24,000 square feet in gross area. These requirements are intended to provide for property protection as well as life safety. This proposal recognizes that the Life Safety Code provides for automatic fire sprinklers to protect life. NFPA 1 also recognizes the need to protect property. The property loss from fire in the United States exceeds 50 billion dollars each year. Existing building and fire codes also recognize the need to provide automatic fire sprinklers for property protection as well as for life safety.

This proposal provides a level of protection which is logical and consistent with existing practices. It also takes into account the type of occupancy and level of protection required. For example, it is logical to provide, at least, the same level of protection in our schools, for our children, that is provided in our storage facilities for our commodities.

Providing automatic fire sprinklers will also provide for greater life safety for the firefighters dedicated to protecting our lives and property.

Occupancy. Chapters: The occupancy chapters provide extracts from the Life Safety Code that apply to existing occupancies. Again, the material extracted is the material that would most often be needed to conduct the majority of the routine inspections. For new occupancies it is expected that the inspector, plans reviewer or responsible party would use NFPA 101 and other appropriate codes and standards referenced by this code.

Hazardous Materials: This proposal addresses the need to regulate hazardous materials with respect to fire, explosions and hazardous conditions that expose the public to substances that would require emergency response, evacuations and other similar conditions. This proposal attempts to coordinate existing requirements within

the body of NFPA codes and standards, however, in some cases the information needed was not available, very limited or narrow in scope and application. In these instances the committee used other existing codes as guidelines to develop a more comprehensive and logical package,

This proposal also assigns major responsibility to the user, shipper and manufacturer. The responsibility of the Fire Marshal is to assure the public that the codes and standards are adhered to, including . appropriate other state and federal requirements.

Administrative ReQuirements: This proposal clearly outlines the role of the Fire Marshal with regard to authority, and responsibilities in addition to the responsibility of the user. It also provides for an effective method of appeal to any Fire Marshal decision.

The administrative requirements provide the Fire Marshal and other users, clear direction for the use of this code and the codes and standards referenced by this code.

Tiile. Scope. Purpose: This proposal changes the name to Fire Safety Code which more appropriately describes the document. It also clearly lists the scope of the Code and the purpose. The forinat used is similar to that used by the Life Safety Code.

The scope of the Fire Safety Code includes both property and life protection. The protection of property is an important issue to the citizens of any community with regard to business interruption, reduction in (or loss of) the tax base, disruption to families and loss of personal belongings (many that can never be replaced). Another serious concern is the safety of firefighters who put their lives on the line every time they have to respond to a fire. Protection of property provides another level of safety for the emergency response personnel who all too often become injured or killed protecting our property.

Uodate of Reference Documents: It is our desire for the references in this code to be updated annually. Following the annual and fall meeting of a given year, the technical changes to any material which has been extracted could be balloted by the NFPA 1 committee to see ffthey wish to retain or eliminate the material as an extract. The reference .would not be reviewed for inclusion or exclusion as a mandatory reference until NFPA 1 goes into regular cycle at which time the membership would be able to vote on it. This would provide a method to keep the technical standards

referenced by NFPA 1 current to a given year. A new edition of NFPA 1 could therefore be available each year with the latest technical standards referenced. The entire documentcould go into cycle for review and change every three years.

This would give the NFPA 1 committee an opportunity to review and update the Code on a regular cycle and still keep the mandatory references current on an annual basis.

Eauivalenc~. This proposal provides for the Fire Marshal to accept alternatives that meet the intent of this code. The equivalencies are expected to meet the approval of the Fire Marshal through a validation system acceptable to the.jurisdiction, e.g.U.L., an independent testing laboratory, state approval; etc.

This proposal also allows the Fire Marshal to grant minor variances to the code. The intent is to provide the Fire Marshal with the ability to approve situations that meet the intent of the code, but not the literal letter of the code. However, this section is not' intended to allow the Fire Marshal to accept major deviations from the code

• without providing for alternative equlvalencies. An example of a minor variance may be to accept 55 feet of travel as

opposed to a required 50 feet, or to accept a 36 inch door opening in lieu of a 44 inch opening in a non-critical area. These variances should be reviewed on a case-by-case basis by the Fire Marshal and the responsible party. There should also be the stipulation that any change in use, modification, alteration or addition may void the variance in the future.

Fireworks: This proposal prohibits the possession, use, sale or transportation of any kind of fireworks by the general public. It provides guidance for public fireworks displays as outlined in NFPA 1123. The Fire Marshals Association of North America respectfully

requests the adoption of this proposal by the NFPA 1 committee and is ready to provide any assistance it can to help the committee better understand the proposal or help to clarify the intent . ' COMMrITEE ACTION: Accept in Principle.

See Proposal I-5. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The action taken on Proposal I-5 addresses thee intent of the submitter.

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1- 5 - (Entire Code): Accept SUBMxrr~R: Technical Committee on Fire Prevention Code RECOMMENDATION: See the following draft. SUBSTANTIATION: By revising and reformatting NFPA 1, the Fire Prevention Code Committee is providinga more comprehensive, user friendly fire safety document. The Committee is proposing a document to be used with the National Fire Codes for the installation, operation and maintenance of buildings, structures and premises for the purpose of providing safety to life and property from fire and explosion.

In developing this revised committee proposal, publicproposais 1-1 through 1-4"as well a~ the 365 public comments receivedduring the Annual 1991 public comment period were considered.

NFPA 1 gives the person administering the code the authority to review plans and construction documents. It is intended to involve the Code administrator in the Certificate of Occupancyprocedures and to provide guidance to maintain the fire safety of the building at such a level that existed at the time of issuance of the Certificate of Occupancy. Further, m accordance with the committee scope to provide safety

to life and property protection the committee has introduced requirements for installation of automatic sprinklers in various new structures including new one- and two-family dwcllin~s as well as existing high rise buildings. These requirements are intended to reduce property damage due to fire as well as the costs of manual fire suppression in the years to come. COMMITIT, E ACTION: Accept.

iii SAMPLE ORDINANCE ADOPTING THE HRE PREVENTION CODE

The foUowing sample ordinance is provided to assist a jurisdiction in the adoption of thts Code and is not part of this Code. -

ORDrNANC£ NO.

An ordinance of the [Jurisdiction] adopting the 1992 edition of NFPA 1, Fire Preventidn Code, and documents listed in Chapter 43 of that code; prescribing regulations governing conditions hazardous to life and property from fire or explosion; providing for the issuance of permits and collection of fees; repealing Ordinance No.

of the [Jurisdiction] and all other ordinances and parts of ordinances in conflict therewith; providing a penalty; providing., a severability, clause; providing for publication; and prowding an effecuve date.

BE IT ORDAINED BYTHE [~overnin~-bodv] OF THE [jurisdiction] :

- SECTION I That Fire Prevention Code and documents adopted by Chapter 43, three (3) copies of which are on file and are open to inspection by the public m the office of the [j~r~di¢~ion's keeuer of records] of the [jurisdiction] . arc hereby adopted and " incorporated into this ordinance as fully as if set out at length herein, and from the date on which this ordinance shall take effect, the ~)irovisions thereof shall be controlling within the limits of the urisdiction] . The same are hereby adopted as the code of the

flurisdiction] for the purpose of prescribing regulations governing conditions hazardous to life and property from fire or explosion and providing for issuance of permits and collection of fees.

SECTION 2 Any person who shall violate or shall fail to comply with any provision of the Code or Standards hereby adopted; or who shall violate or fall to comply with any order made; or who shall build in violation of any detailed statement of specifications or plans submitted and approved thereunder; or failed to operate in ,accordance with any certificate or permit issued; and from which no appeal has been taken; or who shall fall to comply with such an order as affirmed or modified by or by a court of competent jurisdiction, wlthin the time fixed herein, shall severally for each and every such violation and noncompliance, respectively, be guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by a fine of not less than $ ~ nor more than $ ~ orby imprisonment for not less than days nor more than ' days or by both such fine and imprisonment. The'~-~sifion of one penalty for any violation shall not excuse the violation or permit it to continue; and all such persons shall be required to correct or remedy such violations or defects within a reasonable time; and when not otherwise specified the application of the above penalty shall not bc held to prevent the ehforced removal of prohibitedconditions. Each day that prohibited conditions are m~nmined shall constitute a separate offense.

SECTION 3 Additions, Insertions, and Changes. The 1992 Edidon of NFPA I, Fire Prevention Code, is amendedand changed in- the following respects:

List Amendments

SECTION 4 That ordinance No. of [jwrlsdiction] entitled rfill in the fide of the ordinance or ordinances in effect at the nrcscnr time] and all other ordinances or parts of ordinances in ~onflict herewith are hereby repealed.

SECTION 5 That if any section, subsection, sentence, clause, or phrase of this ordinance is, for any reason, held to be invalid or unconstitutional, such decision shall not affect the validity or constitutionality of the remaining portions of this ordinance. The [governinz body] hereby declares that-it would have passed this o~dinancc~ and each secdon, subsection, clause or phrase hereof, irrespective of the fact that any one or more sections, subsections, sentences, clauses and phrases be declared unconstitutional.

SECTION 6 That the [iurisdiction's keener of records] is hereby ordered and directed to-cause this ordina.nce to be published. [An additional provision may bc required to direct the number of times the ordinance is to be published and to specifi/that it is to be in a newspaper in general circulation. Posting may also be required.]

SECTION 7 That this ordinance and the rules, regulations,- provisions, requirements, orders, and matters established and ~dopted hereby shall take effect and be in full force and effect ffime period] from and after the date of its final passage and

adoption.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT

Chapter 1 - Administration and Enforcement

sections .I-I Title I-2 Pu_rposc 1-3 Sc@e I-4 Authorit), 1-5 Applicauon 1-6 Equivalencies and Alternatives I-7 Board of Appeals 1-8 Occupancy 1-9 Maintenance and Testing 1-10 Records and Reports 1-11 Duties and Powers of the Incident Commander 1.12 Owner/Occupant Responsibilities 1-13 Fire Reporting, False Alarms 1-14 Tampering with Firesafety Equipment 1-15 Permits and Approvals 1-16 Certificates of Fitness 1-17 Plans Review 1-18 Notice of'violations, Penalties

PART H DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TF.,RMS

Chapter 2 - Definitions

PART HI GENERAL FIRESAFE'~ REQLr[RF.AtF.NTS

Chapter 3 - General.Provisions

sections 5-1 Fundamental Requirements

5-2 Use of Torches 5-3 Electrical Firesafety 3-4 Smoking 5-5 Open Outdoor Fires, Incinerators, Outdoor

Fireplaces 3-6 Fire Lanes 5-7 Key Boxes 3-8 Fire Protection Markings 5-9 Vacant Buildings 5-10 Historical Buildings 5-11Commercial Cooking Equipment 5-12 Combustible Waste and Refuge 5-13 Tar Kettles 5-14 Christmas Trees

147 L

Chapter 4 - Means of Egress

sections 4-1 General

Chapter 5 - Fire Safety Construction Features

sections 5-1 General Requirements 5-2 Roof Coverings

Chapter 6 - Fire Protection Systems and Equipment

sections 6-1 General Requirements 6-2 Standpipe Systems 6-3 Extinguishing Systems for Commercial Cooking

Equipment 64 Fire Pumps 6-5 Water Supply 6-6 Portable Fire Extinguishers

Chapter 7 Automatic Sprinkler Systems

sections 7-1 Where Required 7-2 General 7-3 System Selection 7-4 System Components 7-5 Operating Procedures 7-6 System Maintenance 7.7 Other Fire Suppression Systems

Chapter 8 Fire Detection and'Alarm Systems

sections 8-1 General 8-2 Fire Alarm Systems 8-3 Automatic Fire Detectors

PART IV OCCUPANCY FIRESAFETY R E Q ~

Chapter 9 - Assembly Occupancies

sections 9-1 General Requirements 9-2 Operating Features

Chapter 10- Educational Occupancies


Chapter 11 -Day-Care Occupancies

sections 11-1 General Requirements 11-2 Operating Features 11-3 Group Day Care Homes" 11-4 Family Day Care Homes

Chapter 12 -Health Care Occupancies


Chapter 13 - Residential Board and Care Occupancies


Chapter 14- Ambulatory Health Care Centers


NFPA I m A92 TCR

Chapter 15

sections

Chapter 16

sections

Chapter 17

sections

- Detention and Correctional Occupancies

15-1 General Requirements 15-2 Operating Features

- Hotels and Dormitories


- Apartment Buildings

Chapter 18

sections

Chapter 19

sections


. Lodging or Rooming Houses


- One- and Two-Family Dwellings


Chapter 20 - Mercantile Occupancies

sections 20-I General Requirements 20-20peratingFeamres 20-5 Covered Mall Buildings

Chapter 21 - Business Occupancies


Chapter 22 - Industrial Occupancies

sections 22-I General Requirements 22-2 Service Stations 22-3 Repair Garages 22-4 Dry Cleaning Plants

Chapter 23 - Storage Occupancies

sections J

23.1 General Requirements 23-2 Special Provisions 23-8 Aircraft Hangers (storage only) 23-4 Bulk Storage Elevators 23.5 Parking Garages 23.6 Tire Storage

Chapter 24 (Reserved)

Chapter 25 - Special Structures and High Rise Buildings

sections 25.1 General Requirements

Chapter 26 Airports and Heliports

sections 26.1 Construction and Protection of Airport Terminal

Buildings • 26-2 Roof.top Heliport Construction and Protection

148

NFPA I m A92 TCR

PART V SPECIAL PROCESSES AND MATERIAL HANDLING

Chapter 27 - Hazardous Materi~s and Chemicals

sections 27-1 General Provisions 27-2 Liquid and Solid Oxidizers 27-3 Organic Peroxide Formulations

Chapter 28 -'Flammable and Combustible Liquids

sections 28-1 General Provisions 28-2 Tank Storage 28-3 Container and Portable Tank Storage 28-4 O1~erations

Chapter 29 - (Reserved)

Chapter 30 - Liquefied Petroleum Gases/Liquefied Natural Gases

sections 30-1 General Provisions 30-2 LP-Gas Equipment and Appliances 30-3 Installation of LP-Gas Systems 30-4 LP-Gas Liquid Transfer 30-5 Storage o f Portable Containers Awaiting Use or

306 Vehicular Transportation of IN-Gas 30.7 LP-Gases at Utihty Plants 30-8 LNG Facilities

Chapter 31 - Fireworks/Model Rocketry

sections 31-I General Provisions 31-2 Public Display of Fireworks

'Resale

Chapter 32 - Heating Appliances

sections 32-2 General 32-2 Kerosene Burners and Oil Stoves 32-3 Portable Heaters 32-4 Vents

Chapter 33 - Application of Flammable Finishes

sections. 33.1 General 33.2 Location of Spray Application Operations 33-3 Spray Area 33-4 Sources of Ignition 33-5 Ventilation 33-6 St6rage and Handling of Flammable and

Combustible Materials 3~,7 Fire Protection Equipment Required 35-8 Operations and Maintenance 33-9 Training

Chapter 34 -Welding, Cutting, and Use of Torches

sections 34-1 General 34-2 Fire Preventiori Precautions 34-3 Oxygen-Fuel Gas Systems

Chapter 35 - Dust Explosion Prevention

sections 35-1 General 35-2 Blowers 35-3 Duct Systems 35-4 Pneumatic Conveying Systems 35-5 Dust Collection

Chapter 36. Industrial Ovens

sections 36-1 General 36-2 Location 36-3 Safety Controls

Chapter 37 - Mechanical Refrigeration

sections 37-1 C~ner~al 37-2 Classifications 37-3 Maintenance and Installation 37-4 Emergency Ammonia Diffusion System

Chapter 38 - Explosives, Ammunition, Blasting Agents

sections 38-1 General

Chapter 39 - Combustible Fiben

sections 39-I General 39-2 Loose Storage of Combustible Fibers 39-3 Baled Storage 89-4 Sources of Ig9. ition 39-5 Portable Exuhguishers

Chapter 40 - Refueling

sections 40-1 Aircraft Fuel Servicing 40-2 Fueling at Roof-top Heliports

Chapter 41 - Safeguards During Consu'uction anti Demolition Operations

sections 41-1 General Requirement 41-2 Firesafety During Construction 41-3 Firesafety During Demolition

Chapter 42 - (Reserved)

Chapter 43 - Mandatory Referenced St,andards

Part VI APPENDICIF~

Appendix A Explanatory Notes Appendix B List of Nonmandatory Referenced Publications Appendix C Hazard Categories for Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides

NFPAI

Fire Prevention Code

1992 Edldon

PART I ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT

CHAPTER 1 ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT

SECTION 1-1 TITLE

1-1.1 The tide of this Code shall be NFPA 1, Fire Prevention Code, of the National Fire Protection A~sociation. The short title of this Code shall be the NFPA Fire Pm, ention Code.

SECTION 1-2 PURPOSE

1-2.1 The intent of this Code is to prescribe minimum requirements to provide a reasonable level of propertyprotection and ]fie safety from the hazards created by fire and explosions.

1-2.2 This Code is partially comprised of text extracted from N'FPA Codes and Standards in an attempt to bring together information useful during field inspections.

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N F P A I m A 9 2 T C R

SECTION I-$ SCOPE

I-3.I The provisions of this Code are applicable to:

(a) The inspection of buildings, processes, equipment, systems and other fire and related life safety situations.

(b) The investigation of fires, explosions, hazardous materials incidents and other related emergency incidents handled by the fire department.

(c) The review of construction plans, drawings and specifications for life safety systems, fire protection systems, access, water supplies, processes and hazardous materials and other fire and life safety l ~ u e s .

(d) The fire and life safety education of fire brigades, employees, responsible parties and the general public.

(e) Existing occupancies and conditions; the design and construction of new buildings; remodeling of existing buildings; and additions to existing buildings.

(f) The storage, use, processing, handling and wansportation of hazardous materials.

(g) The design, alteration, modification, construction, maintenance and testing of fire protection systems and equipment.

(h) Access requirements for fire department operations.

(i) Hazards from outside fires in vegetation, trash, building debris and other materials.

• (j) The reg,_ lation and control of special events including but not limited to exhibits, trade shows, amusement parks, haunted houses and other sire!far special occupancies.

(k) The interior finish, decorations, furnishings and other combustibles that contribute to fire spread, fire load, and smoke production.

SECTION 1-4 AUTHORITY

1-4.1 This Code shall be administered and enforced by the authority having.jurisdiction designated by the governing authority.

1-4.2 Police and other enforcement agencies shall have authority to render necessary assistance in the enforcement of this Code when requested to do so by the authority having jurisdiction.

1-4.3 The authority havingjurisdictlon may delegate to other qualified individuals such powers as necessary for the proper administration and enforcement of this Code.

1-4.4 The authority having[jurisdiction is authorized to inspect, at all reasonable times, any building or premises for dangerous or hazardous conditions or materials as set forth in this Code. The authority having jurisdiction may order any person (s) to remove or remedy such dangerous or hazardous condition or material. Any person(s) failing to comply with such order shall be in violation of this Code.

1-4.5 When conditions exist, and are deemed hazardous to life and property by the authority having jurisdiction, the authority having jurisdiction has the authority to summarily abate such hazardous conditions that are in violation of this Code.

1-4.8 To the full extent permitted by law, any fire official engaged in fire prevention and inspection work is authorized at all reasonable times to enter and examine any building, structure, marine vessel, vehicle, or premises for the purpose of making firesafety inspections. Before entering a private dwelling, the official-shall obtain the consent of the occupant thereof or obtain a court warrant authorizing entry for the purpose of inspection except in those instances where an emergency exists. As used in this section, "emergency" . . . . . means circu-mstances that the official knows, or has reason to believe, extst, and that reasonably may consutute immediate danger to life and property.

1-4.7 Persons authorized to enter and inspect buildings, structures, marine vessels, vehicles, and premises as herein set forth shall be identified by proper credenuals issued by this governing authority.

IA.8 Persons shall not interfere with an official carrying out any duties or functions prescribed by this Code.

1-4.9 Persons shaU'not use an official badge, uniform, or other credentials to impersonate an official.

1-4.10 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to investigate the cause, origin, and circumstances of an), fire, explosion, or other hazardous condition. The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to take custody of all physical evidence relating to the cause of the fire, explosion, or other h~--~rdous condition. Information that may relate to trade secrets or processes shall not be made part of the public record except as may be directed by a court of law.

1-4.11 The authority havin~jurisdiction shall have the authority to require plans and specificanons to ensure compliance with applicable codes and standards.

1.4.12 Whenever any installation subject to inspection prior to use is covered or concealed without having first been inspected, the authority havlngjurisdiction may require that such work be exposed for inspection. T h e authority having jurisdiction shall be notified when the installation is ready for inspection and shall conduct the inspection within a re a.~onable period of time.

1.4.15 When any construction or installation work is being performed in violation of the plans and specifications as approved by the authority having jurisdiction, a written notice shall be issued to the responsible party to stop work on that portion of the work that is in violation. The notice shall state the nature of the violation, and no work shall be continued on that portion until the violation has been ~:orrected.

1.4.14 The authority having jurisdiction has the authority to order the immediate evacuation of any occupied buildingdeemed unsafe when such building has hazardous conditions which present imminent danger to building occupants.

1-4.15 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to develop and implement a public fire safety education program as deemed necessary for the [~eneral welfare with respect to the potential fire hazards within the jurisdiction.

1-4.16 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to ensure that appropriate or duly authorized public fire safety education programs or public fire safety messages are disseminated to the general public.

SECTION I-5 APPLICATION

1-5.1 The Code applies to both new and existing conditions. In various chapters there are specific provisions for existing facfl,ities that may differ from those for new facilities.

1-5.2 Details regarding processes, methods, specifications, equipment testing and maintenance, design standards, performance, installation, or otherpertinent criteria contained in those standards and codes listed in Chapter 43 of this Code shall be considered a part of this Code to the extent called for by Chapters 1-42 of this Code.

I-5.S Applicable provisions of documen~ listed in Appendix B are not required, but may be used by the authority havingjurisdiction as appropriate criteria for meeting the intent of this Code when specific provismns do not exist within this code or other nationally recognized codes or standards.

1-5.4 Where the requirement differs between this Code and referenced documents, the requirements of the referenced documents shall apply.

1-5.5 Buildings in existence or permitted for construction prior to the adoption of this Code shall comply with the provisions stated herein or referenced for existing buildings.

"Exception: A limited but reasonable time shall be a l lm~ for compliance with any part of this Code for existing building, commo~umte with the magnitude of iture, disru.ption, of services, and degree of hazard. Oceu, pied" existing Ou~ldmgs muat comply ruth 1-8.2.

1-5.6 Buildings permitted for construction after the adoption of this Code shall comply with the provisions stated herein for new buildings.

150

N F P A 1 m A 9 2 T C R

1-5.7 When in fixed locations and occupied as buildings; vehicles, vessels or other mobile structures shall be treated as buildings and comply with this Code.

1.5.8 Additions, alterations or repairs to any building shall conform to that required of a new building without requiring the existing building to comply with all the requirements of this Code. Additions, alterations or repairs shall not cause an existing building to become unsafe or adversely affect the performance of the building as determined by the authority having jurisdiction.

1-5.9 Where two or more classes of occupancy occur in the same building or structure, and are so intermingled that separate safeguards are impracticable, means of egress facilities, construction, protection, and other safeguards shall comply with the most restrictive firesafety requirements of the occupancies involved.

SECTION 1.8 EQUIVALENCIT-q AND ALTERNATIVES

1-6.1 Nothing in this Code is intended to prevent the use of systems, methods, or devices of equivalent or supenor quality, strength, fire resistance, effectiveness,durability, and-safety to those prescribed by this Code, provided technical documentation is submitted to the authority having jurisdiction to demonstrate equivalency and the system, method, or device is approved for the intended purpose. °

1-6.2 The specific requirements of this Code may be modified by the authority having jurisdiction to allow alternative arrangements that will secure as nearly, equivalent fire safety as practical, but in no case shall the modificanon afford less firesafety than, in the judgment of the authority having jurisdiction, that which would be prowded by compliance with the corresponding provisions containe~t in this Code.

1-6.$ Buildings with alternative fire protection features approved by the authority having jurisdiction shall be considered as conforming with this Code.

1-6.4 Each application for an alternative fire protection feature shall be filed with-the authority having jurisdiction and shall be accompanied by such evidence, letters, statements, results of tests, or other supporting information as may be required tojugtify the request. The authority having jurisdiction shall keep a record of actions on such applications and a signed copy of the authority havingjurisdiction's decision shall be provided for the applicant.

SECTION 1-7 BOARD OF APPEALS

1-7.1 A Board of Appeals is hereby established consisting of members and alternate members who shall be appointed by the (Name of Appointing Official) by reason of education, experience, and knowledge, and are deemed to be competent to sit in judgment on matters concerning NFPA I, Fire Prevent/on Code, and its enforcement. The members shall serve for a term of three years, except for the initial appointees who shall serve as follows: two for a term of one year; two for a term of two years; and three for a term of three years.

I-7.2 Board members shall not be officers, agents, or employees of thisjurisdiction. All members and any alternate members shall be appointed and serve in accordance with the terms and conditions of the authority havingjt/risdiction. The Board shall establish rules and regulations for conducting its business and shall render all decisions and findings in writing to the authority having jurisdiction, with a copy to the appellant.

I-7,3 No more than one of said members or their alternates shall be engaged in the same business, profession, or line of endeavor. No member of the Board of Appeals shall sit in judgment on any case in which the member, personally, is directly interested.

1-7.4 The Board of Appeals shallprovide for reasonable interpretation of the provisions of this Code and rule oh appeals from decisions of the authority having jurisdiction.

1-7.5 The Board of Appeals shall meet whenever directed by the. appointing authority to interpret the provisions of this Code and to consider and rule on any properly filed appeal from a decision of the authority having jurisdiction, giving at least five days notice of hearing, but in no case shall it fall to meet on an appeal within 30 " calendi:r days of the filing of notice of appeal. All of the meetings of the Board shall be open to the public.

1-7.6 Means of Appeals:

1.7.6.1 Any p e r ~ n may appeal a decision of the authority having jurisdiction to the Board of Appeals when it is claimed that any one or more of the following conditions exisu

(a) The true intent of the codes or ordinances described in this Code has been incorrectly ~terpreted; or

(b) The provisions of the codes or ordinances do not fully apply; o r

(c) A decision is unreasonable or arbitrary as it applies to alternatives or new materials.

1-7.6.2 An appeal shall be submitted to the authority having jurisdiction in writing within SO calender days of notification of violation outlining the Code provision from which relief is sought and the remedy proposed.

SECTION 1-8 OCCUPANCY

1-8.1 No new construction or existing building shall be occupied in whole or in part in violation of the provisions of this Code.

1-8.2 Existing building~s that are occupied at the time of adoption of the Code may remain m use provided:

(a) The occupancy classification remains the same.

(b) There exists no 'condition deemed hazardous to life or property that would constitute an imminent danger.

1-8.3" Buildings or portions of buildings may be occupied during construction, repair, alterations, or additions only if all means of egress and all fire protection features are in place and continuously maintained for the part occupied.

SECTION I-9 MAINTENANCE AND TESTING

1-9.1 Whenever or wherever any device, equipment, system, condition, an'angement~ level of protection, or any other feature is required for compliance with the provisions of this Code, such device, equipment, system, condition, arrangement, level of protection, or other feature shall thereafter he permanently maintmned unless this Code exempts such maintenance.

1-9.2" Any non-required system that creates an unsafe or hazardous condition shall be removed. ' '

1-9.$ Every required autofi~atic sprinkler system, fire detection and alarm system, smoke control system, exit lighting, fire door, and other item of equipment required by this Code shall tie continuously maintained m proper operating condition. (101-31-1.3.2)

1-9.4 Any equipment requiring test or periodic operation to assure its maintenance shall be tested or operated as specified elsewhere in this Code or as directed by the authority having jurisdiction. (101-31- 1.3.3)

1-9.5 Systems shall be under the supervision of a responsible person who shall ensure that proper tests are made at specified intervals and have general charge of all alterations and additions. (101-31-1.3.4)

1-9.6 Systems shall be tested at intervals required by the appropriate standards listed in Chapter 43. (101.31-1.3.5)

1-9.7 Automatic Sprinkler Systems. All automatic sprinkler systems required by this Code shall be continuously maintaaned in reliable operating condition at all times, and such periodic inspections and tests shall be made as are necessary to ensure proper maintenance. (101.31-1.3.6)

1-9.8 Alarm and Fh'e Detection Systems. Fire alarm signaling equipment shall be restored to service as promptly as possible after each test or alarm and shall be kept in normal condition for operation. Equipment requiring rewinding or replenishing shall be rewound or replenished as promptly as possible after each test or alarm. (101-31-1.3.7)

1-9.9 Periodic Testing of Emergency.Lighting E~uipment. A functional test shall be conducted on every reqtured emergency lighting system at 30.day intervals for a minimum of $0 seconds. An annual test shall be conducted for the 1 1/2-hour duration.

I

151


Equipment shall be fully operational for the duration of the test. Written records of testing shall be kept by the owner for inspection by the authority having jurisdiction.

1-9.10 Emergencygenerators used to provide power to emergency lighting systems shall be installed, tested, and maintained in accordance with NFPA 110, Standard for Enmgency and Standby Power Systentt (101-31.1.3.9)

1-9.11 Elevator Testing. Elevators shall be subject to routine and periodic inspections and test as specified in ANSI/ASME A17.1, Safety Code for Eleoators and Escalators, Part X. All elevators equipped with fire fighter service shall be subject to a monthly operation with a written record of the findings made and kept on the premises as required by ANSI/ASME A1-7.1, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators, tttue 1206.7. (101-31-1.3.10)

SECTION 1-I0 RECORDS AND REPORTS

1-10.I A record of examinations, approvals, and variances 2ranted shall be maintained by the authority'having jurisdiction ann shall be available for public inspection during business hours in accordance with applicable laws.

1-10.2 The authority having jurisdiction shall keep a record of all fire prevention inspections, including the date of such inspections and a summary of any violations found to exist, the date of the services of notices, and a record of the final disposition of all violations.

1-10.3 All records required to be kept shall be maintained until their usefulness has been served, or as otherwise may be required by law.

1-10.4 The authority having jurisdiction mayrequire facilities regulated by Chapter 27 to develop and maintain a hazardous materials management plan and hazardous materials inventory statement.

SECTION I-11 DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE INCIDENT COMMANDER.

1-11.1 The incident commander conducting operations in connection with the extinguishment and control of any fire, explosion or other emergency shall have authority to direct all operations of fire extinguishment or control and to take the necessary precautions to save life, protect property, and prevent further in)ury or damage. During such operation, including the investigauon of the cause of such emergency, the incident commander may control or prohibit the approach to the scene of such emergency by any vehicle, vessel, or any persons.

1-11.2 No person shall obstruct the operations of the fire department in connection with extinguishing or control of any fire, or actions relative to other emergencies, or disobey any lawful command of the incident commander m charge of the emergency, or any part thereof,

• or any lawful order of a police officer assisting the fire department.

1-11.$ The incident commander in charge of an emergency scene shall have the authority to establish barriers to control access in the vicinity of such emergency, and to place, or cause to be placed, ropes, guards, barricades, or other obstructions across any street or alley to delineate such emergency scene barrier. No person, except as authorized by the incident commander in charge of the emergency, may cross such barriers.

SECTION 1-12 OWNER/OCCUPANT RESPONSIBILITIES

1-12.1" The owner, operator or occupant shall be responsible for compliance with this Code.

1-12.2 The authority having jurisdiction shall bepermitted to require tests or test reports as proof of compliance with the intent of this Code.

1-12.3 The owner, operator or occupant of a building that is deemed unsafe by the authonty havingjurisdlction shall abate, through corrective action approved by the authority having jurisdiction, the condition causing the building to be unsafe either by repair, rehabilitation, demolition, or other corrective action approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

SECTION I-IS FIRE REPORTING, FALSE ALARMS

I-I$.1 The person discovering any fire, regardless of magnitude, shall:

(a) , Immediately notify the person in charge of the premises and all occupants and guests in the immediate vicinity of the fire.

(b) Notify the fire department.

Exception: Whonawr an unwanted fire occurs in any building or on any ~ i s e a of.any kind, the.owner, manager, occupant, or any pe~on in control ol sucA braiding or premg~es, upon discovery of an unwanted fire, or evidence of there having been an unwanted frre, event hou~ithasapparentlybeen ~'nguished, s hygl immedm, tdy cause notice of the ~gistence of such fire, a.rcurastances o_ol sarae, and the location thereof to be git~n to the fire #.ep~ment. .T~ds requirement shall not be constmedto forbld the owner, manager, or otlwr person in control of the aforemehtioned building or Femises ~ f n ~ m f i ~ ~ ' ~ e n c ~ no--ary to extinguish such fire prior to ~ m'rlval of

No person shall make, issue, post, or maintain any regulation or order, written or verbal, that would require any person to take any unnecessary delaying action prior to reporting a fire to the fire department.

Paragraph 1-13.I (b) shall not apply to firms that have established on- premises fire fighting organizauons and have coordinated and arranged procedureiapproved by the authority having jurisdiction.

1-1$.2 No person shall deliberately or maliciously turn in an alarm o f fire when in fact that person knows that no fire exists.

1-13.3 It shall be a violation of this Code for any person willfully to make to the fire department any false, fraudulent, misleading or unfounded report or statement or willfully to misrepresent any,fact for the purpose of interfering with the orderly operation of the fire department or with the intention of misleading any fire department personnel.

SECTION 1-14 TAMPERING WITH FIRE.SAFE~ EQUIPMENT /

1-14.1 No ~ r s o n shall render any portable or fixed fire extinguishing system or device or any fire warning system inoperative or ".inaccessible except as may be necessary during emergencies, maintenance, drills, or prescribed testing.

1-14.2 No person shall render a system or device inoperative during an emergency unless by direction of the incident commander.

1-14.3 No person, except a person authorized by'the authority having jurisdiction, shall remove, unlock, destroy, or tamper with in any manner any locked gate, door or barricade, chain, enclosure, sign, tag, or seal that has been required by the authority having jurisdiction pursuant to this Code.

SECTION 1-15 PERMITS AND APPROVALS

1-15.1 The authority having jurisdiction is authorized to establish and issue permits, certificates, notices, and approvals, or orders pertaining to fire control and fire hazards pursuant to this section.

Exception: Section 1-15 does not apply to fadlities that have in place a plan ~ ~, ~dure to ensure the firesafe operation of the fadlity as required by Section 1-1J. aucn a plan or procature must be approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

1-15.2 The authority having jurisdiction may revoke a permit or apl~roval issued if any violauon of this Code is found upon inspection or m case there have been any false statements or misrepresentations submitted in the application or plans on which the permit or approval was based.

1-15.3 Any attempt to defraud or otherwise deliberately or knowingly design, install, service maintain, operate, sell, represent for sale, falsify records, reports or applications or other related activity in violation of the requirements prescribed by this Code shall be a violation of this Code. Such violauons shall be cause for immediate suspension or revocation of any related licenses, certificates orpermits issued by this jurisdiction. In addition, any such violation shall be subject to any other criminal or civil penalties as may be available by the laws of this jurisdiction.

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N F P A 1 - - A 9 2 T C R

1-15.4 Revocation shall be constituted when permittee is duly notified by the authority having jurisdiction.

1-15.5 Any person who engages in any business, operation or occupation, or uses any premises, after the fire permit issued therefore has been suspended or revoked pursuant to the provisions of this Code, and before such suspended permit has been reinstated or a new permit issued, shall be in violation of this Code. "

1-15.6 A permit shall be predicated upon compliance with the requirements of this Code and shall constitute written authority issued by the authority having jurisdiction to maintain, store, use, or handle materials or to conduct processes that could produce conditions hazardous to life or, property, or to install equipment used

• in connection with such activities. Any permit issued under this Code shall not take the place of any other license or permit required by other regulations or laws of thisjtuJsdiction. - ,

• 1-15.7 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to require an inspection prior to the issuance of a permit.

1-15.8 A permit issued under this Code shall continue until revoked or for the period of time designated on thepermit. The permit shall be issued to one person or business only andfor the location or purpose described in the permit. Any change that affects any of the conditions of the permit shall require a new or amended permit.

1-15.9 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to grant an extension of the permit time period upon presentation by the permittee of a satisfactory reason for failure to start or complete the work or activity authorized by the permit.

1-15.10 Applications for permits shall be made to the authority having jurisdiction on forms provided by the jurisdiction and shall include the applicant's answers in full to inquiries set forth on such forms. Applications for permits shall be accompanied by such data as may be required by the authority having jurisdiction andfees as may be required by the jurisdiction.

1-15.11 The authority having jurisdiction shall review all applications submitted and issue permits as required. If an application-for a permit is rejected by the authority having jurisdiction, the applicant shall be advised of the reasons for such rejection. Permits for activities requiring evidence of financial responsibility by the jurisdiction shall not be issued unless proof of required financial responsibility is furnished.

1-15.12 A copy of the permit shall be posted or otherwise readily accessible at each place of operation, or carried by the permit holder as specified by the authority having jurisdiction.

1-15.15 Any activity authorized by any permit issued under this Code shall be conducted by the permittee, the permittee's agents or employees in compliance with all requirements of this Code applicable thereto, and in accordance with the approved plans and specifications. No permit issued under this Code shall be interpreted to justify a violation of any provision of this Code or any other - applicable law or regulation. Any addition or alteration of approved plans or specification shall be approved in advance by the authority having jurisdiction, as evidenced by the issuance of a new or amended perm,t.

1-15.14" Permits shall be issued by the authority having jurisdiction and shall bear the name and signature of the authorityhaving jurisdiction or that of the authority havingjurisdiction's designated representative. In addition, the permit shall indicate:

(a) Operation or activities for which the permit is issued.

(b) Address or location where the operation or activity is to be conducted.

(c) Name and address of the permittee.

(d) Permit number and date of issuance.

(e) Period ofvaiidity o f ~ e permit.

(0 Inspection requirements.

1-15.15 Any application for, or acceptance of, any permif requested or issued pursuant to this Code constitutes a~eement and consent by the person making'the application or accepung the permit to allow

the authority having jurisdiction to enter the premises at any reasonable time to conduct such inspections as required by this Code.

1-15.16 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to issue permits for the following operations within the jurisdiction:

Amcsement Parks. Construction, alteration or operation of amusement park fire protection safety features.

Automatic Fire Suonression Systems. Installation of or modification to any automatic fife suppression system. Maintenance performed in accordance with this Code is not considered a modification and does not require a permit.

Bonfires and OuMoor Rubbish Fires. Kindle or maintain any open fire or a fire in any public street, alley, road, or other public or private ground. Instructions and stipulations of permit shall be adhered to. Cooking fires are exempt and do not i'equire a permit.

Bowline Lanes. Refinishing and resurfacing of bowling lanes and for bowling pin refinishing.

Cellulose Nitrate Film. Storage, handling or use of cellulose nitrate film.

Combustible Fibers. Storage or handling combustible fibers covered by Chapter 39 of this Code.

Compressed Gases. Storage, handling or use of compressed gases. Instailation or modification of any compressed gas system.

Covered Mall Building. Permit required annually, for facilities that utilize the mail area for exhibits or displays. Exh,bits and displays include community service projects, sidewalk sales, holiday sales, etc..Note: Other trade shoivs and exhibits held in the mall shall require a separate trade show/exhibit permit.

Cuttin~ and Welding. Cutting or welding operations within the jurisdiction.

Dcs~ Exnlosion Prevention. Installation, modification or operation of the folldwing: - Grain bleacher or elevator, - Starch, flour, or feed mill - Malt house - Wood flour manufacturing plant - Aluminum, coal, cocoa, magnesium, spices, sugar or other facility that pulverizes materials subject to dust explosion . Any central dust collection system -Any equipment which produces significant amounts of dust subject to explosion. . "

Exhibit and Trade Shows. Operation t ra i l exhibits and trade shows held within the jurisdiction.

- Manufacture, sell, disposal, purchase, storage, use, possession, or transport of explosives within the jurisdiction. -A separate permit, valid for no m-ore than 90 days, shall be required to conduct blasting operation.

Fire Alarm and Detection Systems and Rels~¢d Eq~ipmcrlt. Installation of or modification to fire alarm and detdction systems and related equipment. Maintenance performed in accordance with Chapter 18 is not considered a modification and does not require a permtt.

Fire Pumvs and Related Eouioment. Installation of or modification to fire puinps and related fuel tanks, jockey pumps, controllers, and generators. Maintenance peffo,rmedin accordance with Section 6-4 ts not considered a modification and does not require a permit.

Fireworks. Possession, storage, manufacture, sale or discharge of fireworks within the jurisdiction.

Flammable and Combustible Liouids. - Storage, use, handling or transl~ortation of Class I, Class II, or Class HI A flammable or combustible liquids. • - Installation, modification, removal, abandonment, defueling or slurry fill of storage tanks. - Manufacture, processing, blending'or refining. " - Operation of cargo tankers that transport flammable and combustible liquids.

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Flammable Finished Avvlication. The spray application of flammable or combustible liquids. "Installation or modification of any spray room or booth.

Storage of Oxidizers and Orgcnic Peroxides Re~u|pted by Chapter 27

. Materials classified as havin~ more than one hazard category if the quantity limits are exceeded m any category.

- Repair, abandon, remove, place temporarily out-of-service, close or substantially modify a storage facility.

- Installation, modification, alteration, or addition to any stationary aboveground or underground hazardous materials storage tank, ' secondary containment system, ventilation system, exhaust treatment system, explosion venting or suppression systems, or gas detection systems.

-A plan to close a facility or terminate stora~e,~dispensing, handling or use of hazardous materials shall be subm, tted for approval at least thirty (30) days prior to the action. The plan shall demonstrate that hazardous materials which were stored, dispensed, handled or used in the facility have been transported, disposed of or reused in a manner that eliminates the need for further maintenance and any threat to public health and safety.

. Storage, handling, or use of chlorine.

- Installation or modification to any ch!orine gas system.

Industrial Ovens. Operation ofindusuial ovens covered by Chapter 36.

Exception No. 1: Routine maintenance.

Exception No. 2: For emergency repair work performed on an emergency basis, app~cation for permit shall be made within two (2) working days of a . n ~ t o/work.

LP-Gas. - Storage and use of LP-Gas. - Installation of or modification to any LP-Gas System. - Operation of any cargo tankers that transport LP.Gas.

LumberYards anti Woodworking Plants. Storage of lumber exceeding 100,000 board feel

Mamaesium. Storage, handling or processing of magnesium in quaTntides deemed significant by the authority having`jurisdiction.

Or~ar~i¢ Coatings. Operation and maintenance of a facility that mahufactures o~ganic coatings.

Outdoor Stora~re of Scran Tires. Establish, conduct, or maintain any outdoor storag~ of scrap-tires which exceeds 9,500 cuft of total volume of scrap tires.

Pyroxylin Plastics. Storage, handling, assembly, or manufacture o f pyroxylin plastics.

Private Fire Hvdrants. Installation, modification, or removal from service any private fire hydrants.

Reoair Garages and Service Stations. Operation repair garages and service stations.

Tar Kettles on Roof~. Permit shall be obtained at least two working days pTior to the placement of a tar kettle on a roof.

Roof Too Helinorts. Construction, modification, or operation of a roof top-heliport.

Shand~)ine Systems. Installation, modification, or removal from servic6 6f any standpipe system. Maintenance performed in accordance with Secuon 6-9 is not considered a modification and does not require a permit.

Tire Rebuildin~ Plants. Operation and mainten~ince o fa tire rebuilding planL

SECTION 1-16 CERTIFICATES OF

1-16.1 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to require certificates of fitness for individuals or companies performing acuvides related to fire safety within the`jurisdiction such as:

i

(a) U.se of explosive materials.

(b) Blasting or demolition operations.

(c) Fireworks displays.

(d) Inspection, servicing or recharging of portable fire exunguishers.

(e) Servicing or recharging of fixed fire extinguishing systems.

(f) Servicing of fire alarm or fire communication systems.

(g) Servicing of gas-or oil-burning heating systems.

(h) Chimney sweep operations.

(i) Inspection or servicing of range-hood systems.

~j) Installation or servicing of chlorine systems.

1-16.2 When certificates of fitness are required, the authority having `jurisdiction shall be responsible for their issuance.

1-16.8 The authority having jurisdiction may revoke a certificate of fitness issued if any violation of this Code is found upon inspection or in case there have been any false statements or misrepresentations submitted in the application on which the approval was based.

1-16.4 Revocation shall be constituted when certificate holder is duly notified by the authority having`jurlsdiction.

1-16.5 All applications for a certificate of fimess shall be filed with the authority havm~jurisdiction on forms provided by the authority having`jurisdicuon.

1-16.6 Every person applying for a certificate of fitness shall furnish evidence to the authority having`jurisdiction of familiarity with the codes and standards for which the certificate of fitness is issued.

1-16.7 The authority having,jurisdiction shall investigate ever}" application for a'certificate of fitness. The investigauo r n shall include. an examination of the applicant's experience and training in the field of the certificate of fitnes-s for which a- pplication has been~rnade.

1-16.8 When the authority having`jurisdiction determines that an applicant is not fit to recewe the certificate of fitness becattse of the applicant's inability to comply with the provisions of this Code, the authority having jurisdiction shall refuse to issue the certificate of fitness. I f the refusal is based on the applicant's inability to pass an examination given to determine competency, the applicant may not apply again for the certificate of fitness within a ten-day period following the examination.

1-16.9 Certificates of fitness shall not be transferable.

1-16.10 Certificates of fitness shall be issued for the period uftime as indicated on the certificate of fitness as determined by the authority having,jurisdiction, but such period of time shall not exceed three years.

1.16.11 Applications for renewal of a certificate offimess shall be filed in the same manner as an application for an original certificate.

1-16.12 Each person holding a certificate of fitness shall notify the authority having jurisdiction in writing of any address change within ten days after such change. Failure on thepart of a person to give such notification shall constitute grounds for revocation of the certificate of fitness.

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1-16.13 A certificate of fimess shall be in the form of an identification card. The card shall contain the following information:

(a) The purpose for which the certificate of fimess is issued.

• (b) The date of expiration.

(c) Information necessary to properly identify the person to whom the certificate of fimess is issued.

(d) The signature of the person to whom the certificate of fitness is issued.

(e) The name and signature of the authority having jurisdiction or his designated representative.

(f) Printed thereon in bold type the following: 'THIS CERTIFICATE IS NOT AN ENDORSEMENT OFTHIS PERSON BY THE AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION."

1-16.14 Any person to whom a certificate of fitness has been granted shall, upon request, produce and show proper identification and the certificate of fimess to anyone for whom that person seeks to render services or to the authority having jurisdiction.

SECTION 1-17 PLANS REVIEW

1-17.1 For new construction, modification or rehabilitation, the authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to review construction documents and shop drawings.

1-17.2 It is the responsibility of the applicant to ensure:

(a) That the construction documents include all of the fire protection requirements. ,.

(b) That the shop drawings are correct and in compliance with the applicable codes and standards.

1-17.$ Review arid approval by the authority having jurisdiction shall not relieve the applicant of the responsibility of compliance with this Code.

1-17.4 When field conditions necessitate any substantial change from the approved plan, the authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to require the corrected plans be submitted for approval.

SECTION 1-18 NOTICE OF VIOLATIONS, PENALTIES

1-18.1 Whenever the authority having jurisdiction determines violations of this Code, a written notice shall be issued to confirm such findings.

1-18.2 Any order or notice issued pursuant to this Code shall be served upon the owner, operator, occupant, or other person responsible for the condiuon or violation, either by personal service, mml, or by, delivering the same to, and leaving it with, some person of responsibility upon the premises. For unattended or abandoned locations, a copy of such order or notice shall be posted on the premises in a conspicuous place at or near the entrance to such premises and the order or notice shall be mailed by registered or certified mail, with return receipt requested, to the last known address of the owner, occupant, or both.

1-18.3 Any person who fails to comply with the provisions of this Code or who fails to carry out an order made pursuant of this Code or violates any condition attached to a permit, approval, or certificate, shall be subject to the penalties established by this jurisdiction.

1-18.4 Failure to complywith the time limits of an abatement notice or other corrective notice issued by the authority havin~jurisdiction shall result in each day that such wolation continues being regarded as a new and separate offense.

PART H DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMS

~ g P T E R 2 DEFINITIONS

SECTION 2-1 DEFINITIONS.

Words defined in this Code are intended only for use with sections of this Code. Definitions set forth in any document referenced by this Code shall be the acceptable definition for use of that document only~ Where terms are not defined, they shall have their ordinary

accepted meanings within the context with which they are used. Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Langt~.age, Unabridged, Copy Wright 1981, shall be considered as prowding ordinary acceptect meaning.

Addition. An extension or increase in floor area or height of a building or structure. (101-3-2)

Alternative. A system, condition, arrangement, material or equipment submitted to the authority having jurisdiction as a substitute for a Code requirement.

Ambulatory Health Care Centers.

(a) Ambulatory Health Care Centers. A building or part thereof used to provide services or treatment to four or more pauents at the same time that meets the criteria of either (1) or (2) below.

(1) Those facilities that provide, on an outpatient basis, u'eatment for patients that would render them incapable of taking action for self-preservation under emergency conditions without assistance from others.

(2) Those facilities that provide, on an outpatient basis, surgical treatment requiring general anesthesia. (101-12-1.3.)

ANSI/ASME. An American National Standards Institute Publication, ~PnOnsored and published by the American Society of Mechanical

g i n e e r s .

Apartment Buildings. Apartment buildings include buildings containing three or more living units with independent cooking and bathroom facilities, whether designated as apartment houses, tenements, garden apartments, or by any other name. (101-18-1.3.1)

Approved.* Means "acceptable to the authority havingjurisdi~:tion."

Assembly Occupancy. Assembly occupancies include, hut are not limited to, all buildings or portions of buildings used for gathering together 50 or more persons for such purposes as deliberation, worship, entertainment,, eating, drinking. . amusement, or awaiting transportauon. Assembly occupanctes include:

Armories Conference rooms Gymnasiums Courtrooms

sembly hails Dance halls Libraries Drinking Establishments Auditoriums Exhibition hails Mortuary chapels Passenger stations and Bowling lanes terminals of air, surface, Motion picture theaters underground, and marine Churches public transportation Museums facilities Club rooms Pool rooms College and university Recreation piers classrooms, 50 persons Restaurants and over Skating rinks

Theaters '

Occupancy of any room or space for assembly purposes by less than 50 persons in a building of other occupanty and incidental to such other occupancy shall be classed as part of the other occupancy be and subject to the provisions applicable thereto. (101-4-1.2)

Authority HavingJ.urisdiction.* The organization, office or individual responsible for "approving" equipment, an installation or a procedure.

/ Automatic Fire Extinguishing System. Any system desigued and installed to detect a fire and subsequently to discharge ~ri extinguishing agent without the necessity of human intervention.

Basement. A storywith more than 50 percent of its perimeter below grade.

Board of Appeals. A group of persons appointed by the governing body of the jurisdiction adopting this Code for the-purpose of hearing and adjudicating differences of opinion between the authority having jurisdiction and the citize- nry in the interpretation, application, and enforcement of this Code.

Building. Any structur~ used or intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy. The term building shall be

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construed as fifo]lowed by the words "or portions thereof." (101-3-2)

Building, Existing. Any structure erected prior to the adoption of this Code or for which a permit for construction has been issued.

Business Occupancies. Business occupandes are those used for the transaction of business (other than that covered under Mercanti le) , for the keeping of accounts and records, and for similar purposes. Business occupancies include:

City halls General offices College and university instructional buildings, classrooms under 50

erSons, and instructional boratorles

Courthouses

Dentists' offices Doctors' officers Laboratories for basic or applied research not

• including hazardous chemicals. Outpatient clinics, "ambulatory Town halls

Minor office occupancy incidental to operations in another occupancy shall be considered as a part of the predominating occupancy and shall be subject to the provisions of this Code that apply to the predominant occupancy. (101-6-1)

Certificate of Fimess. A written document issued by authority of the authority having jurisdiction to any person for the purpose of granting permissmn to such person to conduct or engage in any operation or act for which certification is required.

CFIL The Code of Federal Regulations of the United States Government.

combustible, Capable of undergoing combustion. (101-3-2)

combustible Fiber. Any material in a fibrous or shredded form that will readily ignite when heat sources are present.

Combustible Refuse. All combustible or loose rubbish, litter, or waste materials generated by an occupancy that are refused, rejected, or considered worthless and are disposed of by incineration on the prem!ses where generated or periodically transported from the premises.

Combustible Waste. Combustible or loose waste materials that are generated by an establishment or process, and, beingsalvageable, are retained for scrap or reprocessing on the premises where generated or transported to a plant for processing. These include, but are not limited to, all combustible fibers, hay, straw, hair, feathers, down, wood shavings, turnings, all types of paper products, soiled cloth trimmings and cuttings, rubber trimmings and buffings, metal fines, and any mixture of the above items, or any other salvageable combustible waste materials.

Combustion. A chemical process that involves oxidation sufficient to produce light or heat. (101-3-2)

Construction Documents. Documents that consist of scaled design drawings, and specifications for the purpose of construction of new or modification to existing facilities. (Also see definition of Shop Drawings.)

container. Any.vessel of 60 U.S. gal or less capacity used for transporting or storing liquids.

Dedicated Smoke control Systems. Systems that are intended for the purpose of smoke control only. They are separate systems of air mowng and distribution equipment that do not function under normal building operating conditions. Upon activation, these systems operate specifically to perform the smoke control function.

Detached Storage. Storage in a separate building or in an outside area located away from allstructures.

Detention end Correctional Occupandes. Detention and correctional occupancies are those used to house individuals under varied degrees of restraint or security and, as such, are occupied by persons who are mostly incapable of self-preservation because security measures are not under the occupants' control.

Adult correctional institutions Adult local detention facilities Adult community residential centers Juvenile detention facilities

~ uvenile training schools uvenile community

rersidential centers , Adult and Juvenile work c a i n s

A d ~ t and juvenile substance abuse centers

Chapter 15 addresses the residential housing areas of the detention and correctional occupancy. Other uses within detention and correctional facilities, such as gymnasiums or industries, shall be in accordance with the appropriate chapter of the Code. (101-4-1.5)

Dormitories. Dormitories include buildings or spaces in buildings where group sleeping accommodations are provided for more than 16 persons who are not members of the same family in one room or a series of closely associated rooms under jo int occupancy and single management, with or without meals, but without individual cooking faciliues. Examples are college dormitories, fraternity houses, and military barracks. (101-16-1.$.1)

Dwelling. A single unit providing complete and independent riving facilitiestror one or more persons including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitauon.

Educational Occupancies. Educational occupancies include all buildings or portions of buildings used for educational purposes through the twelfth grade by six or more persons for four or more hours per da~, or more than twelve hours per week. Educational occupancies include:

Academies Kindergartens Nursery schools Schools

Educational occupancies also include da~,-care facilities of any occupant load. Other occupan.cies assooated with educational institutions shall be in accordance with the appropriate parts of this Code.. (101.4.1.3)

Emergency. A fire, explosion, or hazardous condition which poses an immediate threat to the safety of life or damage to property.

Existing Condition. Any situation, circumstance, or process that was ongoing or in effect prior to the adoption of this Code.

Exit. Exit is thatport ion of a means of egress that is separated from all other spaces of the building or structure by construction or equipment as required in 5-1.5.1 of NFPA 101® to provide a protected way of travel to the exit discharge. Exits include exterior exit doors, exit passageways, horizontal exits and separated exit stairs and ramps. (101-3.2)

Exit Access. Exit access is that portion of a means of egress that leads to an exit. (101-3-2)

Exit Discharge. Exit discharge is thatpor t ion of a means of egress between the termination of an exit a n d a public way. (101-3-2)

Fire compartment. A space within a building that is enclosed by fire barriers on all sides, including the top and bottom. (101-3-2)

F'u'e Door Assembly. Any combination of a fire door, frame, hardware, and other accessories that together provide a specific of fire protection to the opening. (80-1.4)

Fire Hazard. Any situation, process, material or condition that, on the basis of applicable data, may cause a fire or explosion or provide a ready fuel supply to augment the spread or intensity of the fire or explosion and that poses a threat to life or property.

F'u-e Hyclnmt. A valved connection on a water supply system having one or more oudets used to supply hose and fire department pumpers with water.

Fire Official Any authorized person serving as a designated employee, representative, or agent of the recognized fire service organization.

Fare Protection System. Any fire alarm device or system, oi" fire extinguishing device or system, or combination thereof, designed and installed for detecting, controlling, or extinguishing a fire, or otherwise alerting occupants, the fire department, or both that a fire has occurred.

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Fire Retardanm. Liquids, solids, or gases that tend to inhibit combustion when applied on, mixed in, or combined with combustible materials.

Hrewatcher. A person assigned to be in an area for the express prpu ose. of notifying the fire dc. partmcnt of a n . . . emer:rgcncy, prevenung a fire from occumng, exungmshmg small fires or protecting the public from fire or life safety dangers addressed in this Code. Specific requirements for personnel, then: training and any equipment are found in the appropriate sections of the Code.

Flame Spr~__d: The propagation of flame over a surface. (101-3-2)

Flamesprcad Rating. The comparative performance of fire travel over the surface of a material when tested in accordance with the provisions of NFPA 255, Method of Test of Surfa~ Burning Charaae~ti~ of Building MateTiak

Floor Area, Gross, Gross floor area shall be the floor area within the inside perimeter of the outside walls of the building under consideration with no deduction for hallways, stairs, closets, thickness of interior walh, columns, or other features. Where the term area is used elsewhere in this Code, it shall be understood to be gross area unless otherwise specified. (101-3-2)

Floor Area, Net. Net floor area shall be the actual occupied area, not including accessory unoccupied areas or thickness of walls. (101-3-2)

Gallon. One U. S. Standard Gallon (4 L).

Ground Kettle. A container that may or may not be mounted on wheels and is used for heating tar, asphalt or similar substances.

Guide. A document that is advisory or informative containing only non-mandatory provisions.

Health Care Occupancy. Health care occupancies are those used for purposes such as medical or other treatment or care of persons - suffering from physical or mental illness, disease or infirmity;, and for the care of infants, convalescents, or infLrm aged persons. Health care occupancies provide sleeping facilities for four or more occupants and are occupied by persons who are mostly incapable of self-i/reservation because of age, physical or mental disability, or because of security measures not under the occupants' control.

Health care occupancies include:

(a) Hospitals. (b) Nursing homes. (c) Limited care facilities.

Health care occupancies also include ambulatory health care centers. (101r4-1.4),

Highly Volatile Liquid. A liquid with a boiling point of less than 68°F.

High Rise B u U ~ . A buiiding more than 75 ft (23 m) in height. Building height shall be measured from the lowest level of fire department vehicle access to the floor of the highest occupiable story. (10]-3-2)

Horizontal Exit. A horizontal exit is a way of passage from one building to an area of refuge in another building on approximately the same level, or a way of passage through or around a fire barrier to an area of refuge on approximately the same level in the same building that affords safety from fire and smoke from the area of incidence and areas communicating therewith. (101-5-1.2.5)

Hospital. A building or part thereof used on a 24-hour basis for the medical, psychiatric, obstetrical, or surgical care of four or more inpatient*. The term hospital, wherever used in this Code, shall include general hospitals, psychiatric hospitals, and speciality hospitals. (101-12-1.3)

Hotels. Hotels include buildings or groups of buildings under the same management in which there are more than 16 sleeping accommodations primarily used by transients (those who occupy accommodations for less than 30 days) for lodging with or without meals, whether designated as a hotel, inn, club, motel, or by any other name. So-called apartment hotels shall be classified as hotels because they arepotentially subject to the same transient occupancy as hotels. (101-16.1.3.1)

Incident Commander. The fire department official in charge of an emergency incident.

• Indicating Valve. A valve that has components that show if the valve is open or closed. Examples are O.S.&Y. gate valves, and underground gate valves with indicator posts.

IndusMal Occupancy. Industrial occupancies include factories making products of all kinds and properties devoted to operations such as processing, assembling, mixing, packaging, finishing or decorating, and repairing. Industrial occupancies include:

Dry cleaning plants Laundries Factories of all kinds Power Plants 'Food processing plants

Refineries tIangars (for servicing/ maintenance) Sawmills Telephone exchanges Laboratories involving hazardous chemicals (101-4-1.9)

Inlfla..fl~ Device Circuit. A circuit to which automatic or manual signal-imtiating devices are connected where the signal received does not identify the individual devices operated. (72-1-4)

Isolated Storage. Storage in a different storage room or in a separate and detached building located at a safe distance.

Jurisdiction. Any governmental unit or political division or subdivision, including, but not limited to, township, city, village, county, borough, state, commonwealth, province, freehold, district, or. territory, which has adopted this Code under due legislative authority.

Keybox. A container of a type ap.proved by the authority having jurisdiction installed in an accessible location for the purpose o f containing keys to gain necessary access to areas of the premises.

Labeled. Equipment or materials to which has been attached a label, symbol or other identifying mark of an organization acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that maintains periodic inspection of production of labeled equipment or materials and by whosehbeling the manufacturer' indicates compliance with appropriate standards or performance in a . specified manner.

Liquefied Natural Gas. A fluid in the liquid state composed predominandy of methane and which may contain minorquantities of ethane, propane, nitrogen, or other components normally found in natural gas.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas, Any material having a vapor pressure not exceeding that allowed for commercial propane composed predominandy of the fonowing hydrocarbons, eitherby themselves or _ as mixtures: propane, propylene, butane (normal butane or isobutane and butylenes).

Listed.* Equipment or materials included in a list published by an organization acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction and concerned with product evaluation, that malnmms periodic inspection of production of listed equipment or materials and whose lisung states either that the equipment or material meets appropriate standards or has been tested andfound suitable for use in ~t s- pecified manner.

Lodging or Rooming Occupancies. Buildings that provide sleeping accommodations for a total of 16 or fewer persons on either a transient or permanent basis, with or witho-ut meals, but without separate cooking facilities for individual occupants except as provided in Chapter 13. (101-20-1.1.1.)

Marine Service Station. (See section 22-53

Marine Vessel. Every description ofwa~r craft or other artificial contrivance used as a means of transportation in or on the water.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). (See section 27-I.)

May. Term used to state a permissive use or alternative method to a specific requirement.

Means of ~ e ~ . . A continuous and unobstructed way of exit travel from any point in a building or structure to a public way ~ad consists

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of three separate and distinct parts: (a) the exit access, (b) the exit, and (c) the exit discharge. A means of egress comprises the verti/:al and horizontal travel and shall include intervening room spaces, doorways, hallways, corridors, passageways, balcomes, ramps, stairs, enclosures, lobbies, escalators, horizontal exits, courts, andyards. (101-5.1.2.1)

Means of Escape. A way out of a building or structure that does not conform to the strict definition of Means of Egress but does provide an alternate way out. (101-3-2)

Mercantile Occupancies. Include stores, markets, and other rooms, buildings, or structures for the display and sale of merchandise. Mercantile occup.ancies include:

Auction rooms Supermarkets Shopping centers ' Drugstores Department rooms

Minor merchandising operations in buildings predominantly of other occupancies, such as a newsstand in an office building, shall be subject to the exit requirements of the predominant occupancy. (101-4-1.7)

Mezzanine. An intermediate level between the floor and the ceiling of any room or space and covering not more than one.third of the floor area of the room or space in which it is located. (101-3-2)

Nonflammable Gas. A class of gases that is nonflammable, generally nonreactive.

Noncombustible Material. A material that, in the form in which it is used and under the conditions anticipated, will not aid combustion or add appreciable heat to an ambient fire. Materials, where tested in accordance with ASTM 136, Standard Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750x C, and conformingto the criteria contained in Section 7 of the referenced standard shall be considered as noncombustible.

Nondedicated Smoke Control Systems. Systems that share components with some other system(s) such as the building HVAC system. Activation causes the system to change its mode of operation to achieve the smoke control objective.

Nursing Home. A building or part thereof used on a 26hour basis, for the housing and,nursing care of four or more persons who, because of mental or physical incapacity, may be unable to provide for their own needs and safety without the assistance of another person. The term nursing home, wherever used in this Code, shall include nursing and convalescent homes, skilled nursing facilities, intermediate care facilities, and infirmaries in homes for the aged. (101.12.1.3)

Occupancy. The purpose for which a building or portion thereof is used or intended to be used. (101-3-2)

Occupant Load. The total number of persons that may occupy a building or portion thereof at any one time. (101-3-2)

Occupiable Story. A story occupied by people on a regular basis. Stories used exclusively for mechanicaleqmpment rooms, elevator penthouses, and similar spaces are not occupiable stories. (101-3-2)

One. and Two-Family Dwelling. One- and two-family dwellings include buildings containing not more than two dwelling units in which each living unit is occupied by members of a single family with no more thau three outsiders, if any, accommodated in rented rooms. (101-21-1.1.1)

OSI-IA. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

Patch Kettle. Any pot or container ~ t h a capacity of less than six gal (22.71 L) used for preheating tar, asphalt, pitch, or similar substances for the repair of roofs, streets, floors, pipes, or similar objects.

Permit. An official document issued by the authority having jurisdiction for the purpose of authorizing performance of a specified activity.

Peroxide Forming Chemical. A chemical that, when exposed to air, will form explosive peroxides which are shock, pressure or heat sensitive.

Physical Hazard. A classification of a chemical for which there is scientifically valid evidence that it is an organic peroxide, or oxidizer.

Private Building. A building, or that portion of a building, that is normally not frequented by, nor open to, the public.

Proceas. The manufacturing, handling, blending, conversion, purification, recovery, separation, synthesis, or use, or any combination, of any commodity or material regulated by this Code.

Professional Architect. An individual technically and legally qualified to practice the profession of architecture.

Professional Engineer. An individual technically and legally qualified to practice the profession of engineering.

Proprietary Information. Information regarding compounds or ingredients used in a process or production that do not qualify as trade secrets but that provide an industry or business with a competitive advantage.

Public Way. Any street, alley, or other similar parcel of land essentially open to the outside air, deeded, dedicated, or otherwise

rmanently a~pp~ropriated to the public for public use and having a clPeear width andheight of not less than 10 ft (3 m). (101.3-2)

Ramp. A walking surface in an accessible space that has a running slope greater than 1 in 20. (101-5-1.2.7)

Recommended Practice. A document containing only advisory provisions (using the word "should" to indicate recommendations) in the body of the text.

Reduced Flow Valve. A valve equipped with a restricted flow orifice and inserted into a compressed gas cylinder, portable or stationary tank that is designed to reduce the maximum flow from the valve under full flow conditions. The maximum flow rate from the valve is determined with the valve allowed to flow to atmosphere with no other piping or fittings attached.

Residential Board and Care Occupandos. A building or part thereof used to provide lodging, boarding, and personal care seraces for four or more residents unrelated by blood or marriage to its owners or operators. (101-22-1.8)

Residential Occupancies. Those occupafi~:ies in which sleeping accommodations areprovided for normal residential purposes and include all buildings designed to provide sleeping accommodations.

Exception: Those da,uified under Health Care or Detention and Occupandea. (101-4-1.6)

Residential occupancies are treated separately in this Code in the following groups:

(a) Hotels' Motels Dormitories.

(b) Apartments.

(c) Lodging or rooming houses.

(d) One- and two-family dwellings.

(e) Board and care facilities.

Segregated. Physically separated from other materials by adequate space, walls or partitions and in accordance with the recommendations of the manufacturer of the stored material.

Self-Closlng. Equipped with an approved device that will ensure closing after havfng been opened. 001-3-2)

Shall. Indicates a mandatory requirement.

Shop Drawings. For the purposes, of this Code, shop d~wings are scaled working drawings, equipment cutsheets and design calculations. (See definition of Construction Documents.)

Should. Indicates a recommendation or that which is advised but not required.

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Smoke Barrier. A continuous membrane, either vertical or horizontal, such as a wall, floor, or ceiling assembly, that is designed and constructed to resist the movement of smoke. A smoke barrier may or may not have a fire resistance rating. Such barriers may have protected openings. (101-3.2)

Smoke Compartment. A smoke compartment is a space within a building enclosed by smoke barriers on all sides, including the top and bottom. (101-3.2) , -

Smoke Detector. A device that senses visible or invisible particles of combustion. (101-3.2)

SmoktngArea. A designated area where smoking is permitted within premises where smoking is otherwise generally prohibited.

Special Structures. Structures that house occupancies from Chapters 9-23 that are in special structures or buildings including, among others, the following: open structures, towers, underground structures, vehicles, vessels, water surrounded structures, and windowless buildings. Such special buildings and structures shall conform to the requirements of the specific occupancy Chapters 7 through 25 except as modified by Chapter 25. (101-4-1.11)

Special Uses. Shall include, but not be limited to, events or occurrences where threatening life safety situations or fire hazards exist or are likely to exist as determined by the authority having jurisdiction.

Standard. A document containing only mandatory provisions using" the word "shall" to indicate requirements. Explanatory material may be included only in the form of "fine print" notes, in footnotes, or in an appendix.

Standpipe System. An arrangement of piping, valves, hose ' connecuons, and allied equipment installed in a building or structure with the hose connections located in such a matter that water can be discharged in streams or spray patterns through attached hoses and nozzles, for the purpose ofextingnishing a fire and so protecting a

, building or structure and its contents in addition to protecting occupants. This is accomplished by connections to water supply systems or by pumps, tanks, or other equipment necessary to provide an adequate supplyofwater to hose connections. (14-1.3)

.Storage Occu..pancy. Storage occupancies include all buildings or structures utihzed primarily for the storage or sheltering of goods, merchandise, products, vehicles, or animals. Minor storage incidental to another occupancy shall be treated as part of the predominant occupancy. Storage occupancies include:

Barns Hangars (for storage Bulk oil storage only) Cold storage , Parking structures Frei~ght terminals Stables Grmn elevators Truck and marine terminals Warehouses

Minor storage incidental to another occupancy shall be treated as part of the predominant occupancy. (10I-4-1.10)

Story. That portion of a building included between the upper surface of a floor and the upper surface of the floor or roof next above. (101-3.2)

STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure). A temperature of 70°F (21.1.°C) and a pressure of 1 atmosphere (14.7 psi or 760 mm hg).

Street. Any public thoroughfare (road, avenue, boulevard) 30 ft (9.14 m) or more in width that has been dedicated or deeded to the

Ublic for public use and is accessible for use by the fire department fighting fire. Enclosed spaces and tunnels, even though used for

vehiCular-and pedestrian ~f f ic , are not considered as streets for the purposes of this Code, (I01-3.2)

Street Floor. Anysto.r~ or floor level accessible from the street or from outside the buildxng at ground level with floor level at main entrance not more than three risers above or below ~round level at these points, and so arranged and utilized as to qualify as the main floor.

i

Where, due to differences in street levels, there'are two or more stories accessible from the street, each is a street floor for the purposes of the Code. Where there is no floor level within the specified limits for a street floor above or below ground level, the building shall be considered as having no street floor. (101-3.2)

Structure. That which is built or constructed. The term structure shall be construed as if followecl by the words "or portion thereof." (101-3-2)

Summarily Abate. To immediately judge a condition to be a fire hazard to ilfe or property and to order immediate correction of such condition.

System. Several items of equipment assembled, grouped, or otherwise interconnected for the accomplishment of a purpose or function.

TemporsryWidng. Approved wii'ing for power and lighting during a period of construction, remodeling, maintenance, rep.air or demolition and decorative lighting, carnivals and similar purposes.

Water Capacity. ,The volumetric measure of the amount of water a container canhold.

Written Notice. A notification in writing delivered in person m the individual or ~arfies intended, or delivered'at, or sent by certified or registered mml to, the last residential or business address of legal record.

PART m GENERAL HRF_.,SAFETY R E Q ~

~ A ~ S c ~ m ~ L PaOWSXONS

SECnON 3.1 r t ~ m A M ~ r r ~ ~ Q ~

S-I.I Every new and e~dsting building or structure shall be so constructed, arranged, equipped, mmntained and operated in accordance with thls Code so as to provide a reasonable level of life safety, property protection and public welfare from the actual and potenual hazards created by fire, explosion, and other hazardous conditions.

3.1.I. 1 Every new and existing building shall comply with this code, and NFPA 101, life Safety G~" , as listed in Cha~)ter 43.

3.1.2 It shall be illegal for any person to throw or place, or cause to be thrown or placed, any lighted match, cigar, cigarette, matches, or other flaming or glowing substance or thing on any surface or article where it may cause or start a fire.

3.1.$ Any person who deliberately, or through negligence, sets fire to or causes the burning of any combustible material in such a manner as to endanger the safety of any person or property shall be deemed to be in violation of this Code.

3.1.4 Fire Exit Drills.

3.1.4.1 Fire exit drills shall be conducted regularly in occupancies where specified by Chapters 9 throu~[h 25, or by appropriate action of the authority having jurisdiction. Drills shall be designed in cooperation with the authority having jurisdiction.

3.1.5 Factors Affeczing Egress.

3.1.5.1 No furnishings, decorations, or other objects shall be so placed as to obstruct exits, access thereto, egress therefrom, or visibility thereof. (101-31-1.2.2.1)

3.1.5.2 Hangings or draperies shall not be placed over exit doors or otherwise be located to conceal or obscure any exit. Mirrors shall not be placed on exit doors. Mirrprs .~hall not be placed in or adjacent to any exit in such a manner as to confuse the direction of exit. (I01-31-1.2.2.2)

3.1.5.3 There shall be no obstruction by railings, barriers, or gates that divide the open space into sections appurtenant to indiviaual rooms, apartments, or other uses. Where the authority h a v i n g jurisdiction finds the required path of travel to be obstructedby furniture or other movable objects, the authority may require that they be fastened out of the way or may require that railings or other permanent barriers be installed to protect the path of travel against encroachment. (101-31-1.2.2.3)

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3.1.5.4 No person shall fail to leave any overcrowded prehaises when told to do so by the management of the premises or the authority having jurisdiction. Premzses are deemed to be overcrowded when the occupant load exceeds the exit capacity or the posted occupant load.

SECTION 3.2 USi~ OF TORCHES

3-2.1 Any person using a torch or other flame-producing device for removing paint, sweating pipe joints, or similar use in or around any buildln[[ or structure or combustibles is responsible for the prevenuon of fire and shall comply with the following:

(a) Provide, in a ready state, within 15 feet ( m ) travel distance of the work being done, either an approved fire extinguisher having a minimum 2A rating or a water hose connected to a reliable water - supply. I ra water hose is used as the al~proved extinguisher, it shall be charged and be equipped with a suitable nozzle.

(b) ProVide shielding, wetting or other approved means to protect combustible material in close proximtty of the flame. Approved stored pressure water fire extinguisher shall not be used to wet combustible material.

(c) In all cases, the person operating the torch or a designee shall remain in the immediate vicinity for a minimum of 30 minutes or a period of time sufficient to assure that no fire will result from the work that was done. This person's responsibilities shall include detecting and reporting any fire.

SEG'TION 3.3 ~.I-rCTRICAL FIR.ESA_gETY

3.3.1 General Requirements.

3.$.1.1 This section shall apply to new, existing, permanent or temporary electrical appliances, fixtures or winng.

Exception: Existing installations may be continued in use provided the lack of conformity does not present a serious hazard,

3-3.1.2 All electrical appliances, fixtures or wiring shaH be maintained in accordance with NFPA 70, NationalElectdcal C,M.~.

3-3.1.3 Permanent wiring shall be installed and maintained in accordance with NFPA 70.

3-3.1.4 Permanent wiring abandoned in place shall be tagged and /o r identified at its termination and junction points as "Abandoned in Place" or removed from all accessible areas and insulated from contact with other live electrical wiring or devices.

3.$.1.5 Where no applicable standards or requirements are set out in this section, compliance with the NationalEl~ctTical Code, NFPA 70~ shall be deemed as e4,idence of compliance with the intent of this section.

SECTION 3-4 SMOKING

~4.1 Special Def'midons.

Smoking. The carrying or use of lighted pipe, cigar, cigarette, tobacco, or any other type of smoking substance.

3-4.2 Where smoking is considered a fire hazard, the authority having jurisdiction is authorized to order the owner in writing to post ~No Smoking" signs in conspicuous designated locations where smoking is prohibited.

3.4.3 In areas where smoking is permitted, noncombustible ash trays shall be provided.

3-4.4 Removal or destruction of any required "No Smoking" sign shall be prohibited.

$-4.5 Smoking or depositing any lighted or smoldering substance in a place where required ~No Smoking signs are posted is prohibited.

SECTION 3-5 OPEN OUTDOOR FIRES, INCINERATORS, OUTDOOR FIRI~LACF~

5-5.1 Permit Required (see section 1-15).

Exception: Cook/ngfi~.

3.5.2 Permitted open fires shall be located not less than 50 feet (15.$ m) from any structure. Burning hours to be prescribed by the authority having jurisdiction.

3.5.$ Open fires and cooking fires shall be constantly attended by a competent person until such fire is extinguished. This person shall have a ga~'. den hose connected to the water supply, or other fire extinguzshing equipment readily available for use.

3-5.4 The authority havlngjurisdiction may prohibit any or all open fires when atmospheric conditions or local ctrcumstances make such fires hazardous.

3.5.5 During that period of the year declared by the authority having jurisdiction to be the dry season, it shall be unlawful to set fires to any brush or forest covered land. Nothing in this section shaH apply to the area within the boundaries of an approved smoking area required by this Code as designated by the authority havingjurisdicti0n.

3.5.6 On such occasions when the chief executive of the jurisdiction declares a dry season and establishes special regulations on the use of any form of fire or smoking material, the authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to assist in the enforcement of such regulations.

• 3.5.7 No charcoal burners shall be kindled or maintained on combustible balconies or within 10 ft (3.1 m) of combustible patios on ground floors.

Exception: Single-family dwellings.

3.5.8 Every commercial incinerator and commercial barbecue fireplace shall be equipped and maintained with a spark arrestor and shall be maintained-in good condition, working order, and repair at all times.

SECTION 3.5 FIRE LANES' - i

3-6.1 Fire lanes shall beprovided and maintained for fire department equipment to every building. Fire lanes shaH be not less than 20 ft (8.1 m) of unobstructed width, able to withstand live loads of fire apparatus and have a minimum of 13 ft 6 in. (4.1 m) ofvertical clearance. An approved turnaround for fire apparatus shall be provided where an access road is a dead-end and is in excess of 150 ft (45.8 m) in length. The turnaround shall have a minimum centerline radius of 50 ft (15.3 m). The grade of the fire lane shall be within the limits established by the authority having jurisdiction.

Exception: T or Y turnaround arrangements are pennitt~.

3-6.2 Fire lanes shaH be provided for all buildings that are set back more than 150 ft (45.75 m) from apublic road or exceed 30 ft (9.14 m) in height and are set back over 50 ft (15.25 m) from a public road.

Exception: Where buildings are frroteaecl throughout with an a/~n'~oed automatic sprinkler system, th~ pmvisions of thu section may be modified by the authority having jurisdiaion.

3.6.$ Where a bridge is required to be used as access, it shall be constructed and maintained using live design loading sufficient to carry the imposed loads of the fire apparatus. Where an elevated surface is used as access, that portion utilized by fire apparatus shall be constructed and maintained to accommodate fire apparatus.

3.6.4 Fire lanes shaHbe marked with free-standing signs or marked curbs, sidewalks or other traffic surfaces that have the words LANE-NO PARKING" painted in contrasting colors at a size and spacing approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

3.6.5 Fire lanes shall be maintained free of all obstructions at all times.

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SECTION 3-7 KEY BOXES

3-7.1 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to require a key box to be installed in an accessible location where access to or within a structure or area is difficult because of security. The key box shall be a type approved by the authority having jurisdiction and shall contain keys necessary to gain access as required by the authority havingjurisdicuon. The operator of the premises shall immediately notify the authority having jurisdiction, and provide the new key(s), any time a lock is changed or rekeyed and a key(s) to that lock is contained in the key box.

SECTION 3-8 FIRE PROTECTION MARKINGS

3-8.1 P r a i s e s Identification.

&8.1.1 New and existing buildings shall have approved address numbers placed in a position to be plainly legible and visible from the street or road fronting the property~ These numbers shall contrast with their background. Address numbers shall be arabic numerals and alphabet letters.

q

3-8.2 Shaftways to Be Marked.

3-8.2.1 Every outside window in a building used for manufacturing purposes or for storage that opens directly on any hoistway or other verucal means of communication between two (2) or more floors in such building shall be plainlymarked with the word "SHAFTWAY" in red letters at]east six (6) inches (15.2 cm) high on a white background; such warninlg signs to be so placed as to be easily discernible from the outstde of the building.~ Every door or window opening on such shaftway from the interior of the building, unless the construction of the partition surrounding the shaftway is of such distinctive nature as to make its purpose evident at a giance, shall be similarly marked with the warning word "SHAFTWAY" so placed as to be easily visible to anyone approaching the shaftway from the interior of the building.

SECTION 3-9 VACANT BUILDINGS

3-9.1 Every person owning or having charge or control of anyvacant building shall remove all combustible waste and refuse therefrom a~d lock, barricade, or otherwise secure all windows, doors, and other openings in the building to prohibit entry by unauthorized persons.

Exception: This section is not intended to apply to vacation or resort facilities or buildings used on a seasonal basis or the temporary vacancy of a building for tenant change or remodding purposes.

3-9.2 Buildings that are vacant shall maintain all required sprinklers and standpipe systems in service.

Exception: As.apprtwed by the authority having jurisdiction,

3-9.3 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to require an inspection and test of any sprinkler system, standpipe system, or fire alarm system that has been out of service for 30 days or more before restored back into service.

SECTION 3210 HISTORICAL BUILDINGS

3-10.1 The provisions of this Code relating to the construction, repair, alteration, enlargement, restoration . . . . and movin g of buildings

,or structures shall not be mandatory of exlsung hmldmgs or structures identified and classified by the state or local government authority as historic buildings where such buildings are judged by the authority having jurisdiction to be safe and to not consutute a serious life safety hazard.

SECTION 3-11 COMMERCIAL COOKING EQUIPMENT

3-11.1 Commercial cooking equipment that produces smoke or grease-laden vapors shall he equipped with an exhaust system. Such exhaust system, includinl~ hoods, grease removal devices, ducts, damper~, alr-moving dewces, auxiliary equipment and fire extinguishing equipment, shall be designed, constructed and installe.d in conformance with NFPA 96, Standard for the Installation of Equipment for the Removal of Smoke and Grease-Laden Vapo~ from CommerdalEquipment, listed in Chapter 43.

Exception No. 1: Listed self-contained cooking equipment. Exception No. 2: Existing installations may be continued in service su~ect to approval of the authority having jurisdiction.

3-11.2 Clearance. Hoods, grease extractors, and ducts shall have a clearance of at least 18 in. (457.2 mm) to combustible material, 3 in. (76.2 ram) to limited.combustible, and 0 in. to noncombustible material. S~ figum showing examples in Appendix A of NFP A 96~

Exception No. 1: When the hood, duct, or gre~e extrm~ is listed for le, twr clearances.

/

o ~ i b . No, 2: C2earance to combustible material may be reduced if the le material is proteaed as foUows:

Type of Protection Clearance to Combusdble Material

(a) 0.013-in. (0.33-mm) 9 in (228.6 mm) (28 gage) sheet metal spaced out 1in. (25.4 ram) on noncombustible spacers.

(b) 0.027-in. (0.69-ram) 3 in. (76.2 ram) (22 gage) sheet metal on 1-in. (25.4-mm) mineral wool bats reinforced with wire mesh or equivalent spaced out 1 in. (25.4 mm) on noncombustible spacers.

Exception No. 3: Clearance to l i m i t ~ n ~ t i b l e material may be reduced to zero clearance where protectod by metal lath and plaster, ceramic tile, quarry tile, or other noncombustible matedal or assemb[y of nonwmbustible materials acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

Exception No. 4: Materials and products that are listed for the purpose of redudng,dearance. These materials shall be installed in accordance with the conditions of the listing and the manufacturer's instructions (96-1-3.2)

3-11.3 Hoods, grease removal devices, fans, ducts, and other appurtenances shall be cleaned to bare metal at frequent intervals prior to surfaces becoming heavily contaminated with grease or oily sludge. They shall be inspected at least every six months. (96-8.3.1)

3-11.4 Flammable solvents or other flammable cleaning aids shall not be used. (96-8-3.2)

3-11.5 At the start of the cleaning process, electrical switches that may be accidentally activated shallbe locked out. (96-8.3.3)

3-11.6 Care shall be taken not to apply cleaning chemic-ah on fusible links or other detection devices of the automanc extinguishing system. (96-8-3.4)

3-11.7 When cleaning procedures are completed, all electrical switches, detection devaces, and system components shall be returned to an operable state by qualified personnel m accordance with 7-4.2 of NFPA 96. Cover plates shall be replaced and dampers and diffusers shall be positioned for proper air flow. (96-8.3.5)

3-11.8 Deep fat fryers shall be equipped with a separate high limit control in addition to the adjustable operating control (thermostat) to shut off fuel or energy when the fat temperature reaches 475°F (246°C) 1 in. (25.4 mm) below the surface. (96-9-2)

3-11.9 Food preparation facilities protected in accordance with Section 6-3 are not required to have openings protected between food preparation areas and dining areas. Where domestic cooking equipment is used for food warming or limited cooking, protection or segregation of food preparation facilities is not reqmred.

SECTION 3-12 COMBUSTIBLE WASTE AND REFUGE

3-12.1 No person owning or havinlg control of any property shall allow any combustible waste material to accumulate in any area or in any manner to create a fire hazard to life or property.

3-12.2 Combustible waste or refuse shall be properly stored or disposed of to prevent unsafe conditions.

3-12.3 Fire extinguishing capabilities approved by the authority having jurisdiction shall be provided at waste disposal sites including, but not limited to, fire extinguishers, water supply and hose, and earth-moving equipment.

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3312.4 Burning debris shall not be dumped at a waste disposal site except at a remote location on the site where fire extlngmshment can be accomplished before compacting, covering, or other disposal activity is carried out.

3312.5 Vehicles or conveyances used to transport combustible waste or refuse over public thoroul~hfares shall have all cargo space covered and maintained sufficiently ughdy enough to ensure against ignition from external fire sources and scattering burning and combustible debris that may come in contact with ignition sources. Transporting burning waste or refuse is prohibited.

• SECTION 3318 TAR

3318.1 General. ,

331&l.1 The provisions of this section shall apply to any type of equipment, including, but not limited to, chassis-mounted equipment used-for preheating or heating tar, asphalt, pitch or similar substances for roofs, floors, pipes, or similar objects.

3318.1.2 Permit required. (see section 1-15).

3315.1.$ Operating kettles shall not be located inside of, or on the roof of, any building.

3318.1.4 The kettle shall be operated in a controlled area. The area shall be identified by the use of traffic cones, barriers and other suitable means as approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

331&1.5 An operating kettle shall be attended by a minimum of one (I) employee knowledgeable of the operations and hazards. The employee shall be within 25 feet (7.6 m) of the kettle and have the kettle within sight.

3315.1.6 Provide and maintain two (2) approved, 20:BC fire extinguishers within 25 ft (7.6 m) of the operating kettle. Fire extin~fishers shall be mounted in an accessible and visible or identified location.

3315.1.7 Roofing kettles shall not block exits, means of egress, gates, roadways, or entrances. And in no case shall it be closer than I0 feet (3.1 m) from exits or means of egress.

3318.2 Fuel System.

3318.2.1 Fuel containers shall be constructed and approved for the" use for which they were designed.

3318.2.2 LPG containers, hose, reguiators, and burners shall conform to the specifications in NFPA 58, Storage and Handling o f l .Qu~ed Petroleum Gases.

3318.2.8 LPG cylinders shall be secured to prevent accidental tlpover.

3315.2.4 LPG cylinders, hose, regulators and burners shall conform to the requirements found elsewhere in this Code.

3315.2.5 Regulators shall be required on any cylinders.

3313.2.6 Where, in the opinion of the authority having jurisdiction, there is danger of physical damage to the container, adequate protection shall be provided.

3313.2.7 LPG containers for roofing kettles shall not be used in any building.

3318.8 Maintenance.

3313.8.1 Roofng kettles and all integral working parts shall be in good working condition,and shall be maintained free of excessive residue.

3318.8.2 All piping used for pumping heated material to the roof shall be installed in a manner to prevent loss of heated material.

3318.3,8 Flexible steel piping shall not be used on the'vertical extension of piping systems.

3313.8.4 Flexible steel piping shall be limited to those connections that are immediately adjacent to the pump kettle or discharge outlet. No single length of flemble piping shall exceed six (6) feet (1.8 m) in length, and shall be able to withstand a pressure of at least four (4) times the working pressure of the pump.

3315.$.5 All roofing kettles shall have doors permanently attached. Doors shall be installed in a workmanlike manner and shall be ~rovided with handles to provide opening without the operator

aving to stand in front o f same.

3315.$.6 All kettles shall have an approved working visible temperature gauge that indicates the temperature of the material being heated.

3315.$.7 All kettle doors shall be tightly closed and latched when in transit.

3315.4 Construction. The materials and methods of construction of roofing kettles shall be acceptable to the authority having.jurisdiction. The following are minimum requirements:

(a) This section shall apply to all roofing ketdes or tar pots in excess ofone-gal (3.785-L) capacity.

(b) No roofing kettle shall have a capacity in excess of five barrels.

(c) Roofing kettles of two-barrel capacity or less shall be constructed of steel sheet having a thickness of not less than 0.105 in. (No. 12 Manufacturers' Standard Gage) and kettles of more than two- barrel capacity shall be constructed uf steel sheet having a thickness of not less than 0.185 in. (No. I0 Manufacturers' Standard Cage).

All supports, corners, and the top and bottom of the fire box shall be bound with angle iron or other reinforcements approved by the authority having.jurisdiction. All doors shall be hinged, closely fitted, and adequatelylatched. Fire boxes shall be of su£ficient height from the ground or provided with a system of shields or insulation to prevent heat damage to the street surface.

(d) Lids that can be gravity operated shall be provided on all roofing kettles. The tops and covers of all kettles shall be constructed of steeIsheet having a thickness of not le~s than 0.075 in. (No. 14 Manufacturers' Standard Gage), close fitting and attached to the kettle with hinges in a manner allowing for gravity closing of the lid.

(e) The chassis shall be substantially constructed and capable of carrying the load imposed upon it whether standing still or being transported.

(f) Fuel containers, burners, and related appurtenances of roofing kettles in which liquefied petroleum gas Is used for heating shall comply with all the requirements of NFPA 58, Standard for the Storage and Handling of Li~f~d Petroleum

(g) Fuel containers that operate under air pressure shall not exceed 20 gai (75.7 L) in capacity and shall be subject to the approval of the authority havingjjurisdictlon.

(h) All fuel containers shall be maintained in accordance with the applicable NFPA codes and standards or at least ten ft (3.05 m) from the burner flame or at least two ft (0.61 m) therefrom when properly insulated from heat or flame.

SECTION 3314 CHRISTMAS TlZ~.~-q

8-14.1 Natural cut Christmas trees shall not be permitted in Assembly, Educational, Health Care, Residential Board and Care, Detention and Correctional, Mercantile, Hotel or Dormitory occupancies.

Excopti~n No. 1: Living trees in a balled condition with their roots protec~ by an earth ball may be permitted pmvided they are maintained in afresh condition and are not allowed to become d o .

Exception No. 2: Trees located in areas protected by an approved automatic sprinkler systm,

3314.2 Artificial Christmas trees shall be labeled or otherwise identified or certified by the manufacturer as being "flame retardant" or "flame resistive."

8-14.$ No Christmas trees shall be allowed to obstruct exits in anyway or be located in corridors, exit ways or other means of egress.

3-14.4 Only listed electrical lights and wiring shall be used on Christmas trees and similar decorations.

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3-14.5 Electrical lights are prohibited on metal artificial trees.

3-14.6 Open flames such as from candles, lanterns, kerosene heaters, and gas fired heaters shall not be located on or near Christmas trees or other similar combustible materials.

3-14.7 Natural cut Christmas trees shall not be located near heating vents or other luted or portable heating devices that could cause the tree to dry out prematurely or to be ignited.

3-14.8 In occupancies where natural trees are permitted, the bottom end of the trunk shall be cut-off at an angle at least one to two inches above the end to help the tree absorb water. The tree shall be placed in a suitable stand with adequate water. The water level shall be checked and maintained on a daily basis. The tree shall be removed from the building immediately upon evidence of dr~/ness.

CHAPTER 4 MEANS OF EGRESS

SECTION 4-1 GENERAL

4-1.1 Application.

4-1.1.1 Means of egress in new and existing buildings shall comply with this Code and the referenced edition of NFPA 101.

CHAPTER 5 F I R E S A F E T Y CONSTRUCTION FEATURES

SECTION 5-1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

5-L1 Firesafety construction features for new and existing occupancies shall comply with this Code and the referenced edition of NFPA 101.

SECTION 5-2 ROOF COVERINGS

5-2.1 All new roof coverings shall be Class C or better, tested in accordance with NFPA 256, Standard Method of Fire Tests of Roof Coverings.

CHAPTER 6 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT

SECTION 6-1 GENERAL RE(~UIREMENTS

6-1.1 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to require that shop drawings for all fireprotection systems be submitted for review and approval and a permit be issued for installation, rehabilitation or modification. For additional information concerning shop drawings see Section 1-17. Further, the authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to require that full acceptance tests of the systems be performed in the authority's presence prior to final system certification.

6-1.2 The property owner shall be responsible for the pi'oper testing and maintenance of the equipment and systems.

6-1.$ Detailed records documenting all systems and equipment ' testing and maintenance shall be kept by the property owner. These records shall be made available upon request for review by the " authority having jurisdiction.

SECTION 6-2 STANDPIPE SYSTEMS

6-2.1 General.

6-2.1.1 The design, installation, and maintenance of standpipe systems shall be in accordance with this section and NFPA 14 as listed in Chapter 43.

¢ 2 . 2 T e s t s .

6-2.2.1 When additions are made to existing s~tems, piping shall be tested hydrostatically at not less than 200 lbpsl (15.8 bars) pressure for 2 hr, or at 50 psi (3.5 bars) in excess of the normal pressure when the normal pressure is in excess of 150 psi (10.3 bars). The hydrostatic test pressure shall be measured at the low elevation point of the individual system or zone being tested. The inside standpipe piping shall show no leakage. (14-8-1.1)

6-2.2.2 In a standpipe system anypil3ingwhich normally remains dry shall be hydrostaucally'tested at 5Opsi (3.4 bars) above the normal pressure at intervals of not less than 5 years. (14-8-1.4)

6-2.2.$ Before it is restored to service and before water is turned into it, a standpipe system which has been out of service a number of years shall be tested with air at a pressure not exceeding 95 psi (1.7 bars) to determine its tightness. The standpipe system shall also be hydrostatically tested at 50 psi (3.4 bars) above the normal pressure. (14 -8 -1 .5 ) " ,

6-2.$ Periodic Inspection.

6-2.$.1 The valves in the main connection to the automatic sources of water supply shall be open at all times. The hose valves shall be frequently examined to see that they are dght. (14.8.2.3)

6-2.3.2 Inspections shall be made frequently to assure that the hose on Class II and Class Ill systems is in proper position on the racks, and that all of the equipment is in place and in good condition. The hose, including gaskets, shall be removed and inspected and the hose re-racked or reeled at intervals in accordance with NFPA 1962, Standard for the C_,a~ Use and Maintenance of Fire Hose Including C o n ~ and N~/ex Where couplings arepolished, care shall be taken to see that polish used does not touch fabric of hose. (14-8-2.4)

' 6-2.3.3 When a standpipe system or any portion thereof is out of service for any reason, notice shall be given to the local fire departmefit and a sign shall be posted on each fire department connection indicating what portion of the system is out of service. (14-8-2.5)

SECTION 6-$ EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS FOR \ COMMERCIAL COOKING EQUIPMENT

6-3.1 General.

6-3.1.1 The design, installation, protection, and maintenance of exhaust system components including hoods, grease removal devices, exhaust, ducts,. .damp.ers' air movin devices, auxlliaryqe ui ment and. fire exungutshmg eqmpment for L~e exhaust system and L~e cooking equipment in commercial, industrial, institutional and similar cooking applications shall be in accordance with this section and NFPA 96, listed in Chapter 43.

Exception: Existing installations may be continued in service subject to the approval of the authority having jurisdiction.

6-$.1.2 Prior to installation, shop drawings shall be reviewed and approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Permits required (see Section 1-14).

6-3.2 Where required.

6-3.2.1 Approved fire extinguishing equipment shall be provided for the protection of grease removal devices and hoods.

Exception: If aot~eptable to the authority having jurisdiction, the portion of the fire extinguishing system that covers duct systems, grease removaI devices, and hoods may be onu' tted when all cooking equipment zs erred by listed grease extractors. (96-7-1.1)

6-3.2.2 Duct systems and cooking equipment (such as deep fat fryers, ranges, griddles, and broilers) that may be a source of ignition of grease in the hood, grease removal device, or duct shall be protected by approved extinguishing equipment. (96-7-1.2) , -

6-3.3 Types of Equipment.

6-3.3.1 Fire extinguishing equipment shall include both fixed automatic fire exunguishmg systems and portable fire extinguishers. (96-7-2.1)

6-3.3.1.1 Fixed automatic fire extinguishing systems required by 6- 3.3.1 shall be either: (96-7-2.2)

6-3.3.1.2 Automatic fire extinguishing systems specifically listed for the hazard installed in accordance with the terms of their listing, the manufacturer s instructions, and NFPA 17, Standard for Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems, or NFPA 17A, Standard for Wet Chemical Extinguishing Systems, or

6-3.3.1.3 Other fire extingt), ishing equipment shall be installed in compliance with the prowsions of the following standards, where applicable: (96-7-2.1.L2)

s

163


NFPA 12, Standard on Carbon Dioxid~ Extinguishing Systems.

NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprlnhler Systems.

18, Stand :or Zns, ion o: roa and Foam-Water Spray Systems.

NFPA 17, Standard for Dry Chonical Extinguishing Systems.

6.$.4 Operating Requirements.

6-$.4.1 Fixed pipe extin~,ulshing equipment shall be installed to conform with the followmg requirements: (96-7.3. I)

6-8.4.2 A readily accessible means to manually activate the fire extinguishing s~,tem shall be provided in a path of exit or egress and shall be clearly identified. Such means shall be mechanical and shall not rely on electrical power for actuation.

Exr@tion No. 1: A sprlnM~ system does not require manual activation.

F_:. ~ N? 2: E~ , ~ power may be ~ d to inanely ~ i ~ ~ sys~ if a meme powev suppty is Fovld~. (96-7-3.1.1)

6-$.4.$ Fixed pipe extinguishing systems in a single hazard area shall be arranged for simultaneous automatic operation upon actuation of any one of the systems.

Exertion: Whe~ the fixed pipe extinguishing syston is an automatic sprinkler system. (96-7-3.1.2)

.q~3.4.4 The operation of any extinguishing system shall automatically ut offall sources of fuel and heat to all equipment requiring

protection by that extinguishing system. Any. gas appliance not requiring protection but located under venulating equipment shall also be shut off. All shut-down devices shall be considered integral part~, of the system and shall function with the system operation. This eqmpment shall be of the type that requires manual resetting prior to fuel or power restoration. (96-7-3.1.3)

6-$.5 Operating Procedures.

6-$.5.1 Exhaust systems shall be operated during all periods of cooking. (96-8-1.1)

6-3.5.2 Filter equipped exhaust systems shall not be operated with filters removed. (96-8-I .2)

6-$.$.$ Openings provided for replacin~ air exhausted through ventilating equipment shall not be resmcted by covers, dampers or any other means that would reduce the operaung efficiency of the exhaust system. (96-8-I .3)

6-8.5.4 Instructions for manually operating the fire extinguishing system shall be posted conspicuously in the kitchen and shall be

, reviewed periodically with employees by the management. (96-8-1.4)

6-$.5.5 Listed grease extractors shall be operated in accordance with the terms of their listings and manufacturer's instructions. (96-8-1.5)

6-8.6 Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance.

6-$.6.1 An inspection and servicing of the fire extinguishing system by properly trained and qualified persons shall be made at 1-east every six months. (96.-8-2.1)

6-3.6.2 All actuation components including remote manual pull stations, mechanical or electrical devices, detectors, actuators, etc., shall be checked for proper operation during the inspection in accordance with the manufacturer's listed procedures. (96-8-2.1.1)

6-3.6.$ Fusible links and automatic s~rinkier heads shall be replaced at least annually or more frequcndy if necessary to assure proper operation of the system. Other dete cdon devlc" es shall be s'crvt'ced or replaced in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

Exception: Where automatic bulb-Oepe sprinkler~ or spray nozzles are used and examination shows no buildup of grease or other material on the sprinkler or spray no=ge. (96-8-2.1.2)

SECTION 6-4 FIRE PUMPS

6-4.1 Gene~l.

6-4.1.1 Where provided, fire pumps shall be installed and ma/ntalned in accordance with this section and NFPA 20, listed in Chapter 43.

Exception: F ~ i ~ . a t i o m r~y be ~ i n u ~ in ~ u i ~ sul~'~ to the approval of aw authority having jumdiaion.

6-4,1.2 Permits Required (see section 1-15).

6-4.1.8 The horizontal centrifugal pump in horizontal or vertical position shall not be used where a static suction lift is involved. (20-3- 1.2)

6-4.1.4 Suitable means shall be provided for maintaining the temperature of a pump room or pump house, above 40°F. (20-2-7.2)

F.xcq~.~,: T,em ,t~ure of the pu. mp ~ pump house or area where engines are mstaaea snau never be less Otan the nummura recommended by the engine manuf..afturer. Theenginemanufaaurer'srec~nmendationsforwaterheaters ana oi~ n~aers shall I~ foUou~ (20-8-6.5)

6.4.1.5 Drivers for fire pumps shall be either electric motors, diesel engines or steam turbines.

8-4.1.6 Dual driver pump units shall notbe used.

Exception: Inaallation~ madepriorto adoption o f ~ P A 20, 1974 Edition.

6-4.1.7 Firepumps shall be arranged to start automatically by methods outiinedin NFPA 20.

6-4.2 Workspace.

6-4.2.1 At least one entrance 24 in. (61 ram) wide and 6 1/2 ft (2 m) high shall be provided to give access to the work space around electric equipment.

6-4.2.2 There shall be a minimum of S0 in. (76.2 ram) work space in front of the electric equipment requiring examination, adjustment, servicing or maintenance.

6-4.2.3 Working space shall not be used for storage.

6-4.2.4 Illumination shall be provided for all working spaces around electric equipment requiring servicing, examination or adjustment.

6-4.2.5 Provision shall be made for ventilation of a pump room or pump house.

64.2.6 Floors shall be pitched for adequate drainage ofescapin~ water or fuel away from critic,31, equipment such as the pump, driver, controller, fuel tank, etc.

6-4.8 Diesel Drive Pumps.

64.8.1 General.

64.3.1.1 Engines shall be connected to horizontal shaft pumps by means of a flexible coupling. They shall be connected to vertical shaft pumps by means of a right angle gear drive with suitable universal joints. The service i'actor usea shall be conservatively selected for the maximum horsepower rating of the pumping unit being equal to or greater than the couplin~ manufacturers recommended factor for the intended service. The angle of deflection for the flexible connecting shaft shall not exceed the maximum recommended by the manufacturer for the speed and horsepower transmitted.

Except?'on: Di~. .el engln~s and steam turbines designat and listed/or vertical installation wi~ vertical shaft turbine-type pumps may employ solid shafts and do not require a right angle drive, but do require a nonreverse ratchet. (20-8-2.3.1)

64.3.1.2 Number and Cal~acity of Batteries. Each engine shall be provided with two storage t~attery units.

Each battery unit shall have capacity, at 40°F (4.5"C), sufficient to malnta!~n cranking speed recommended by the engine manufacturer mrougn a u-minute cycle (15 seconds cranking and l5 seconds rest, in 12 congecutive cycles). (20-8-2.6.1).

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g-4.8.1.8 Storage batteries shall be rack supported above the floor, secured against displacement, and located where they will not be subject to excessive temperature, vibradon, mechanical injury, or . fioodingwith water. They shall be readily accessible for servicing. (20-8-2.6.5)

64 .8 .2 Fuel Supply and Arrangement.

64.3.2.1 Fuel supply tank(s) shall have a capacity at least equal to 1 • gal per horsepower (5.07 L/kw) plus5 percent volume for expansion and 5 percent volume for sump. Largercapacity tanks may b e required and shall be determined due to recirculation, and be subject to special conditions in each case. The fuel supply tank and fuel shall be reserved exclusively for the fire pump dieselengine. (20-8.4.3)

64.8.2.2 There shall be a separate fuel line and separate fuel supply tank for each engine. (20-8-4.4)

64.8.2.8 Diesel fuel supply tanks shall be located aboveground in accordance with municlpalor other ordinances and in accordance with the requirements of the authority having jurisdiction, and shall

, not be buried. The engine fuel supply (suction) connection shall be located on the tank so that 5 percent of the tank volume provides a sump volume not usable by the engine. The fuel supply shall be located on a side of the tank at the level of the 5 percent sump volume. The inlet of the fuel supply line shall be located so that its opening is no lower than ~ e level of the engine fuel transfer pump. The engine manufactu/er s fuel pump static head pressure limits must not he exceeded when the level of fuel in the tank is at a maximum. The fuel return line shall be installed per the engine manufacturer's recommendation in zones where freezing (32°F) (0°C) may be encountered, the fuel tanks shall be located in the dPump roo m. Means other than sight tubes shall be provided for

etermining the amount of fuel in each storage tank. Each tank shall have suitable fill, drain and vent connections. (20-8-4.5)

6-4.4 "ConU'ollers.

6-4.4.1 Controllers shall be located as close as ispractical to the motors they control and shall be within sight of the motors or engines. (20-9-2.1)

64.4.2 Controllers shall be so located or so protected that they will not be damaged by water escaping from pumps or pump connections. Current-carrying p aTrts of controllers shall be not less than 12 in. above the floor leve l (20-9-2.2)

64.4.8 When the pump room is not constantiy attended, audible or visual alarms powered by a source other than the engine startinl~ batteries, and not exceeding 125 volts, shall be provided at a point of constant attendance. These alarms shall indicate the followifig:(20-9- 4.3)

64.4.3.1 Engine running (separate signal). (20-9-4.3.1).

64.4.8.2 The controller main switch has been turned to "off" or ."manual" position (separate signal). (20-9.4.3.2)

64.4.3.8 Trouble on the controller or engine (separate or common signals). (20-9.4.3.3)

" 64.5 Field Accep .t@nce Tests.

64.5.1 The pump manufacturer, the engine manufacturer(when supplied), the controller manufacturer, the transfer switch manufacturer (when supplied) o~" their representative shall be present for the feld acceptance test. (20-11-2.1)

64.5.2 A copy of the manufacturer's certified pump test characteristic curve shall be available for comparison of results of field acceptance test. The fire pump as installed shall equal the performance as indicated on the manufacturer's certified shop test characteristic curve within the accuracy limits of the test equipment. (20-11-2.3)

64.5.8 The fire pump shallperform at minimum, rated, and peak loads without overheating of any component. (20-11-2.4)

64.5.4 Vibrations of the fire pump assembly shall not be of a magnitude to warrant potenual damage to any fire pump component. (20-11-2.5).

64.5.5 Field acceptance tests shall be conducted in accordance with " NFPA 20.

6-4.6 Aunual Fire Pump Tests.

¢~4.6.1 The annual flow test shall be conducted to determine its ability to condnue to attain satisfactory performance at shutoff, rated and peak loads. All alarms shall operate satisfactorily. All valves in the suction line shall be checked to assure that they are fully open. The pressure rdief valve, if installed, shall be verified by actuahest to be correctly adjusted and set to relieve at the appropriate pressure. (20-11-3.1)

6-4.6.2 The annual test shall be performed by personnel trained in the operation of the fire pump. Test results shall be recorded. The speed of the pump driver shall be determined and recorded. (20-11- 3.2)

6-4.6.8 Any significant reduction in the operating characteristics of the fire pump assembly shall be reported to the owner and repairs made immediately. (20-11-8.8)

6.4.7 Fire Pump Operation.

6-4.7.1 The fire pump shall be maintained in readiness for operation. After any test, the fire pump shall be returned to automatic operation. All valves shall l~e returned to normal operating position. (20-11-4.1)

6-4.7.2 The fire pump room shall he kept clean, dry, orderly, and free of miscellaneous storage. Access to this room shall be restricted. (20-11-4.2)

6-4.7.8 In the event of fire pump operation, qualified personnel shall be dispatched to the fire pump room to determine that the fire pump is operating in a satisfactory manner. (20-11-4.8) '

6-4.7.4 The fire pump unit shall be operated weekly and at least one start shall be accomplished by reducing the water pressure. This may be done with a test drain on the sensing line or with flow from the fire protection system. (20-11.4A)

6-4.80perafldn and Maintenance for Diesel Drive Pumps.

64.8.1 Engine Maintenance.

6-4.8.1.1 Engines shall be started no less than once a week and run for no less than 80 minutes to attain normal running temperature. They shall run smoothly at rated speed. (20-8-6.1)

6-4.8.1.2 Engines shall be kept clean, dry, and well lubricated. The proper oil level shall be maintained in the crankcase. Oil shall be changed in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations, but not less frequently than annually. (20-8-6.2)

6-4.8.2, Battery Maintenance.

6-4.8.2.1 Storage batteries shall be kept charged at all times. They shall be tested frequently to determine the condition of the battery cells, and the amount of charge in the battery. (20-8-6.3.1)

64.8.2.2 Only distilled water shall be used in battery celis. The plates shall be kept submerged at all times. (20.8.6.3.2)

64.8.2.8 The automatic feature ufa battery charger is not a substitute for proper maintenance of battery and charger. Periodic inspection of both shall be made. This inspection shalI determine that the charger is operating correctly, the water level in the battery is correct, and the battery is holding its proper charge. (20-8-6.8.3)

64.8.8 Fuel Supply Maintenance.

6-4.8.8.1 The fuel storage tanks shall be kept as full as possible at all times, but never less than 50 percent of tank capacity. They shall always be filled by means that will ensure removal of all water and foreign material. (20-8-6.4)

64.8.4 Fire Pump Malntenmace.

64.8.4.1 A preventive maintenance program shall be established in accordance with the pump manufacturer's recommendations. Records shall be maintained on all work performed on the pump, driver, and controller, and shall be made available upon request for review by the authority having jurisdiction. (20-11-5.1) .

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NFPA I m A92 TCR

SECTION 6-5 WATER SUPPLY

6-5.1 Private fire service mains shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 24.

6-5.2 Where no piped.water supply exists, the requirements of NFPA 1231 shall apply.

SECTION 6-6 PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

6-6.1 General Requirements.

6-6.1.1 Portable fire extinguishers used to complywith this section shall be listed and labeled. (10-1-4.3)

6-6.1.2 Special Definitions.

Cla~s~ A Fires. Fires in ordinary combustible materials, such as wood, cloth, paper, rubber, and many plastics.

~lat= B Fires. Fires in flammable liquids, oils, greases, tars, oil-base paints, lacquers, and flammable gases.

Class (3 Fires. Fires that involve energized electrical equipment where the electrical nonconductivity of the extinguishing media is of importance. (When electrical equipment is de-energized, extinguishers for Oass A or B fires may be used safely.)

r Class D letres. Fires in combustible metals, such as magnesium, titanium, zirconium, sodium, lithium, and potassium. (10-I-3)

6-6.1.3" Classification of I-Iazards.

6-6.1.3.1 Light (low) I-Ia,a,'d. Light hazard occupancies are locations where the total amount of Class A combustible materials, including furnishings, decorations, and contents, is of minor quantity. This may include some buildings or rooms occupied as offices, classrooms, churches, assembly hails, etc. This classification anticipates that the majority of contents items are either noncombustible or so arranged that a fire is not likely to spread rapidly. Small amounts of Class B flammables used for duplicating machines, art departments, etc., are included provided that they are kept in closed containers and safely stored. (10-1-5.1)

6-6.1.3.2 Ordinary (Moderate) Hazard. Ordinary hazard occupancies are locations where the total amount of Class A combustibles and Class B flammables are present in greater amounts than expected under light (low) hazard occupancies. These occupancies could consist of offices, chssrooms, mercantile sl'/ops and allied storage, light manufacturing, research operations, auto showrooms, parking garages, workshop or support service areas of light (low) hazard occupancies, and warehouses containing CLass I or Class II commodities as defined by NFPA 231, Standard for General Storage. (10-1-5.2)

6-6.1.3.5 Extra (High) Hazard. Extra hazard occupancies are locations where the total amount of Class A combustibles and Class B flammables present, in storage, production use, and/or finished product is over and above those expected and classed as ordinary (moderate) hazards. These occupancies could consist of woodworking, vehicle repair, aircraft and boat servicing, individual product display showrooms, product convention center displays, storage and manufacturingprocesses such as painting, dipping, coating, including flammable liquid handling. Also included is warehousing of or in-process storage of other than Class I and Class II commodities. (10-1-5.3)

6-6,1.4 Specific Requirements for All Extinguishers.

6.6.1.4.1 The classification of extingu.ishers shall consist of a LET'I'ER that indicates the class of fire on whRch an extinguisher has been found to be effective, preceded by a rating NUMERAL (Class A and B only) that indicates the relative extinguishing effectiveness.

Exception: Extinguishe~ classified for use on Class CorD hazards shall not be required to have a numeral preceding the classification letter. (10-1-6.1)

6-6,1.4.2 Portable extinguishers shall be maintained in a fully charged and operable condition, and kept in their designated places at all times when they are not being used. (10-1-6.2) - - -

6-6.1.4.3 Extinguishers shall be conspicuously located where they will be readily accessible and immediately available in the event of fire. Preferably they shall be located along normal paths of navel, including exits from areas. (10-1-6,3)

8-8.1.4.4 Cabinets housing extinguishers shall not be locked.

Exception: Where exanguishen are sub#a to ma//claus u~/ocked cab/nots , may be used provided they indud* means of emngency access. (10-1-6.4)

6-6.1.4.5 Extinguishers shall not be obstructed or obsccred from view.

Exception: In large morea, and in certain location~ when# visual obstruction cannot be completely avoided, means shall be pmvid~ to indicate the location.

6-6.1.4.6 Extinguishers shall be installed on the hangers or in the brackets supplied, mounted in cabinets, or set on shelves unless the extinguishers are of the wheeled type. (10-I-6.6)

6-6.1.4.7 Extinguishers installed under conditions where they are subject to dislodgement shall be installed in brackets specifically destgued to cope with this problem. (10-1-6.7)

6-6.1.4.8 Extinguishers installed under conditions where they are subject to physical damage shatl be protected from impact. (10-1-6.8)

6-6.1.4.9 Extinguishers having a gross weight not exceeding40 Ib (18.14 kg) shall be installed so that the top of the extinguisher is not more than 5 ft (1.53 m) above the floor. Extinguishershavinga gross weight greater than 40 lb (18.14 l~g) (except wbeeled types) shall be so installed that the top of the exunguisher is not more than 3 1/2 ft (1.07 m) above the floor. In no case shall the clearance between the bottom of the extinguisher and the floor be less than 4 in. (102 ram). (10-I-6.9) '

6-6.1.4.10 Operating insu'uctions shall be located on the front of the extinguisher. Other labels and marking, shall not be placed on the front.

Exception: In addition to manufacturers' labels, other labels that specifically relate to ~ n , classification or warning information shall be permitted on the front. (10-1-6.10)

6-6.1.4.11 Extinguishers mounted in cabinets or wall recesses or set on shelves shall be placed in a manner such that the extinguisher operatinginstructions face outward. The location of such extinguishers shall be marked conspicuously. (10-1-6.11)

6-6.1.4.12 Where extinguishers are installed in closed cabinets that are exposed to elevated temperatures, cabinets shall be provided with screened openings and d.rains. (10-1-6.12)

6-6.1.4,13 Water-type (water, foam, AFFF, wetting agent, and soda. acid) extinguishers shall not be installed in areas where temperatures are outside the range of 40°F to 120°F (4°C to 49°C). All other types shall not be installed in areas where temperatures are outside the range of.40°F to 120°F (.40°C to 49°C).

Exception No. 1: Where extinguishers are installed in locations subject to . temperatures outside these ranges, they shall be of a type approved and llsted for the temperature to which they are exposed, or they must be placed in an endosure capable of maintaining the stipulated rdnge of teraperatures.

Exception No. 2: Extinguishers containing plain water only can be proteaed to temperatures as low as -46PF (-46P C) by the addition of an a n t i f r ~ stipulated on the extinguisher nameplate. Calcium chloride solutions shaft not be used in stainless steel extinguishers.

Exception No. 3: Some extinguishers that use nitrogen rather than carbon dioxide as an expellant gas are approved or listed for temperatures as low as. 6YF(-5¢C). (10-1-6.]H

6-6.1.4.14 An extinguisher instruction manual shall be provided to the owner or an agent giving condensed instructions and cautions necessary to the installation, operation, inspection, and maintenance of the extinguisher(s). The manual may be specific to the extinguisher involved or it may cover many v/pes. The manual shall refer to this standard as a source of detailed mstruction. (10-1-6.14)

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6-6.2 Selection of Extinguishers.

6-6.2.1 General.

6-6.2.1.I The selection of extinguishers for a ~iven situation shall be Light determined by the character of the fires antictpated, the construction (Low) and occupancy of the individual property, the vehicle or hazard to be Hazard protected, ambient-temperature conditions, and other factors. The Occupancy number, size, placement, and limitations of use of extinguishers required shall meet the requirements of this section. (10-2-1)

6-6.2.1.2 Use of halogenated agent fire extinguishers shall be limited to applications where a clean agent is necessary to extinguish fire 2-A efficiently without damaging the equipment or area being protected, or where the use of alternate agents can cause a hazard to personnel in the area. , 5.000 sq ft

Ex~ption: Halogenated agent types of extinguishers in,tailed before fanuar) 1, 1991. (10-2-1.1)

6-6.2.2 Selection by Hazard.

6-6.2.2.1 Extinguishers shall be selected for the specific class(es) of hazards to be protected in accordance with the following 75 ft subdivisions. (10-2-2.1)

6-6.2.2.2 Extinguishers for protecting Class A hazards shall be selected from the following: water, antifreeze, soda-acid, foam, aqueous film forming foam (AFFF), wetting agent, loaded stream, multipurpose dry chemical, Halon 1211, and Halon 1211/1301. (10- 2-2.1.1)

Exception: For halongenated agent type extinguishers see 6-6.2.1.2.

6-6.2.2.3 Extinguishers for protection of Class B hazards shall be selected from the following: aqueous film forming foam (AFFF), film forming fluoroprotein foam (FFFP), carbon dioxide, dry chemical types, foam, and halogenated agent types. (10-2-2.1.2) .

6-6.2.2.4 Extinguishers for pi'otection of Class C hazards shall be ' selected from the followi.'ng: carbon dioxide and dry chemical types.

Exception: For halogenated agent ~pe extinguishers, see 6-6.2.1.2. (10-2.2.1.3)

66.2.2.5 Extinguishers and extinguishing agents for the protection of Class D hazards shall be of types approvedfor use on the specific combustible-metal hazard. (10-2-2.1.4)

6-6.3 Distribution of Extinguishers.

6-6.3.1 General.

6-6.3.1.1 Fire extinguishers shall be provided where required by this Code and the reference codes and standards listed in Chapter 43.

6-6.3.1.2 Required building protection shall be provided by fire extinguishers s~table for Class A fires. (10-3-1.21)

6-6.3.1.3 Occupancy hazard protection shall beprovided by fire extinguishers suitable for such Class A, B, C, or Dflre potentials as maybe present. (10-3-1.2.2)

6-6.3.1.4 On each floor level, the area protected and the travel distances are based on extinguishers installed in accordance with Tables 6-6.3.2.1 and 6.6.3.2.2. (10-3-1.4)

6-6.3.1.5 The type, size, number, andplacement for special storage occupancies is covered by NFPA 231, Standard for General StorageNTPA 231C, Standard for Rack Storage of Materials and NFPA 231D, Standard , for Storage of Rubber Tires. (10-3-L5)

1 ¼ to I ~ gal 6-6.3.2 Fire Extinguisher Size and Placement for C! _~t~_ A Hazards. 2 ~ gal

6-6.3.2.1 Minimal sizes of fire extinguishers fdr the listed grades of 4 gal hazards shall be provided on the basis of Table 6-6.3.2.1 except as 5 g'al modified by 6-6.3.2.4. Extinguishers shall be located so that the 17 gal maximum travel distances shall not exceed those specified in Table 6- 33 gai 6.3.2.1, except as modified by 6-6.3.2.4. (10-3-2.1)

Table 6.6.$.2.1

Ordinary (Moderate)

Hazard Occupancy

Fxtra (m~h) Hazard

Occupancy

Mimmum rated' single extinguisher

Maximum floor area per unit of A

Maximum floor area for extinguisher

Maximum travel distance co extinguisher

2-A

1,500 sq ft

11,250 sq ft*" 11.250 sq f t "

' 75ft

4.A =

1,000 sq ft

11.250 sq ft .=

7Sft

( 10---Table 3-2.1 )

*Two 2 I /2 gal (9.46 L) water-type extinguishers can be used to fulfill the requirements of one 4-A rated extinguisher.

**See Appendix E-3-3 of NFPA 10.

For SI Units: 1 ft = 0.305 m; 1 sq ft = 0.0929 m

6.6.3.2.2 Certain smaller extinguishers that 'are charged with multipurpose dry chemical, or Halon 1211, or Halon 1211 / 1301 are rated on Class B and Class C fires, but have insufficient effectiveness to earn the minimum 1-A rating even though they have value in extinguishing smaller Class A fires. They shall not be used to meet the requirements of 6.6.3.2.1. (10-3-2.1.1)

. 6-6.3.2.$ Up to one-half of the complement of extinguishers as specified in Table 6-6.3.2.1 may be replaced by uniformly spaced 1 1/ 2-in. (3.81-cm) hose stations for use by the occupants of the building. Where hose stations are so provided, they shall conform to NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems. The location of hose stations and the placement of fire extinguishers shall be such that the hose stations do not replace more than every other extinguisher. (10-3-2.2)

6-6.5.2.4 Where the floor area of a building is less than that specified in Table 6-6.3.2.1, at least one extinguisher of the minimum stze , recommended shall be provided. (10-3-2.3)

6-6.3.2.5 The protection requirements may be fulfilled with extinguishers of higher rating provided the travel distance to such larger extinguishers shall not exceed 75 ft (22.7 m). (10-3-2.4)

6-6.3.2.6 For Class A extinguishers rated under the rating classification system used prior to 1955, their equivalency shall be in accordance with Table 6-6.3.2.6. (10-3-2.5)

,Table 6-6.3.2.6

All Water & Loaded Pre-1955 Stream Type, Rating Equivalency

A-2 I-A A-I 2-A A-I 3-A A-I 4-A A 10-A A 20-A

(10---Table 3-2.5)

For SI Units: I gal = 3.785 L.

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6-6.3.3 Fire Extinguisher Size and Placement for C l ~ B Fires Other than for Fires in Flammable Liquids of Appreciable Depth.

6-6.$.$.1 Minimal sizes of fire ext in~hhers for the listed grades of hazard shah be provided on the basis of Table 6-6.3.3.1. Extinguishers shah be located so that the maximum travel distances shall not exceed those specified in the table used.

Exception: Extinguishers of lesser rating, dezired for small specific hazards within the general hazard area, may be used, but shall not be considered as fulfilling any part of the requirements of Table 6-6.3.3.1. (10-3-3.1)

Table 6-6.$.$.1

Basic M i n i m u m Maximum Travel Extinguisher Distance m

Type of Hazard Rating ExtinguisherJ (Ft) (m)

Light (low) 5-B 50 9.15 10-B 50 15.25

Ordinary (moderate) IO-B 30 9.15 20-B 50 15.25

Extra (high) 40-B - 50 9.15 80-B 50 15.25

(10.--Table 3-3.1)

NOTE !: The specified ratings do not imply that fires of the magnitudes indmated by these ratings will occur, but rather to give the operators more time and agent to handle difficult spill fires that may occur.

NOTE 2: For fires involving water-soluble flammable liquids, see 2- 3.6 of NFPA 10.

NOTE 3: For specific hazard applications, see Section 2-3 of NFPA 10.

6-6.3.3.2 Two or more extinj~,ulshers of lower rating shall not be used to fulfill the protection reqmrements of Table 6-6.$.3.1.

Exception: Up to three AFFF or FFFP extinguishers of at least 2 1/2- gal (9.46-L) capacity may be used to fulfill extra (high) hazard requirements. (10- 3-3.2)

6-6,3.$.$ The protection requirements may be fulfilled with extinguishers of higher ratings provided the travel distance to such larger extinguishers shall not exceed 50 ft (15.25 m). (10.3.3.3)

6-6.3.3.4 For Class B extinguishers rated under the rating classification system used prior to 1955, their equivalency shah be in accordance with Table 6-6.3.4.6. (10-3.3.4)

6-6.3.4 Fire Extinguisher Size and Placem,[nt for Class B Fires in Flammable Liquids of Appreciable Depth.

6-6.3.4.1 Portable fire extinguishers shall not be installed as the sole protection for flammable liquid hazards of appreciable depth [(greater than 1/4 in. (0.64 cm)] where the surface area exceeds 10 sq ft (0.93 m~).

Exception: Where personnel who are trained in extinguishingfires in the protected hazards, or a counterpart, are available on the premises, the maximum surface area shall not exceed 20 sq fl (1.86 rd~). (10-3-4.1)

6-6.3.4.2 For flammable liquid hazards of appreciable depth, such as in dip or quench tanks, a Class B fire extinguisher shall be provided on the basis of at least two numerical units of Class B extinguishing potential per sc l ft (0.0929 m ~) of flammable liquid surface of the largest tank hazard within the area.

]For dip tanks containing flammable or combustible liquids exceeding 150 gal (568 L) liquid capacity or having a liquid surface exceeding 4 sqft (0.38 m=), see NFPA 34, Standard for Dipping and Coating Proceases Using Flammable or Combustible Liquid~ for requirements of automatic extinguishing facilities.

Exception No. 1: Where a p p n ~ automatic fire ~ ~vices or ~aons have been installed for a flammable liquid hazard, additional portable Class B fire oainguishers may be waived. Where so waived, Class B extinguish~ shall be provided as covored in 3-3.1 of M:PA l O to protea arms ln the vicinity of such protected hazards.

Exception No. 2: Foam- Or AFFF Or FFFP.ef~ extinguishers may be provided on the basis of l-B of protection per sq fl of ha:ard. (10-3-4.2)

6-6.5.4.3 Two or more extinguishers of lower ratings shall not be used in lieu of the extinguisher required for the largest tank.

Exception: Up to thr~ foam or AFFF extinguishers of 2 I /2-gal (9.46-L) capacity may be used to fulfiU these requirements. (lo-3-4.3)

6-6.&4.4 Travel distances for portable extinguishers shall not exceed 50 ft (15.25 m). (10-3-4.4)

6-6.$.4.S Scattered or widely separated hazards shall be individua/ly protected. An extinguisher m the proximity of a hazard shall be carefully located to be accessible in the presence of a fire without undue danger to the operator'. (10.3-4.4.1)

6-6.5.4.6 For Class B extinguishers rated under the rating classification system used prior to 1955, their equivalency shall be in accordance with Table 6.6.3.4.6. (10.3-4.5)

Table 6-6.3.4.6 ( I 0-Table 3-4.5 )

Type and Capacity Pre-1955 Equivalency

Foam 2~g'ai B-I 2-B 5 gal B-1 5-B 17 gal B 10-B 53 gal B 20-B

Carbon Dioxide Under 7 Ib B-2 1-B 7 lb B-2 2-B I0 to 12 Ib B-2 2-B 15 to 20 Ib B-I 2-B 25 to 26 Ib B-I 5-B 50 lb B-I I0-B

75 lb B-I 10-B 100 Ib B 10-B

Dry Chenucal 4 t o 6¼ lb B-2 2-B 71~ Ib B-2 5-B 10 to 15 lb B-I 5-B 20 Ib B-I 10-B

50 lb B-I 20-B 75 Ib and up B 40-B

For SI Units: 1 gal = 3.785 L; 1 lb = 0.454 kg.

• 6-6.3.5 Iru, e Extinguisher Size and Placement for Class C Hazards.

6-6.3.5.1 Extinguishers with Class C ratings shall be required where energized electrical equipment may be encountered that would require a nonconducting[ extinguishing medium. This will include fire either directly involving or surrounding electrical .equipment. Since the fire itself is a Class A or Class B hazard, the exfin~,,ulshers are sized and located on the basis of the anticipated Class A or B hazard. (10-3-5)

NOTE: Electrical equipment should be de-energized as soon as possible to prevent reignition.

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6-6.3.5.2 For extinguishers classified under the system used prior to 1955, the pre-1955 class~cations of "Gg," "C-1," and "C" shall be equivalent to the current "C" designation.

Exception: Carbon dioxide extinguishers with metal horns shall not ~rry any "C" classification. (10-3-5.1)

6-6.3.6 Size and P l~ .ement for c l ~ D Hazards.

6-6.3.6.1 Extinguishers or extinguishing agents with Class D ratings shall be provided for fires involving combustible metals. (10-3-6.1)

6-6.$.6.2 Extinguishing equipment shall be located not more than 75 ft (92.7 m) from the ClassD hazard. (See Appendix E of NFPA 10.) (10-5-6.2)

6-6,$.6.$ Size determination shall be on the basis of the specific combustible metal, its physical particle size, area to be covered, and recommendations by the extinguisher manufacturer on d~ita from control tests conducted. (10-3-6.3)

6-6.4 Inspection, MMntenance, and Recharging.

6-6.4.1 General.

5-6.4.1.1 The owner, designated agent or occupant of a property in which extinguishers are located shall be respon~sible for s~uch - inspection, maintenance, and recharging. (10-4-1.3)

6-6.4.1.2 Maintenance, "servicing, and recharging shall be performed by trained persons having available the appropriate servicing . manual(s), the proper types of tools, recharge materials, lubricants, and manufacturer's recommended replacement parts or parts specifically listed for use in the extinguisher. (10-4-1.4)

6-6.4.1.3 -Extinguishers shall he inspected when inldally placed in service and thereafter at approximately 30-day intervals. Extinguishers shall be iml~ected at more frequent intervals when circumstances require. (10-4-3.1)

6-6.4.2 Malnten~nce. •

6-6.4.2.1 Extinguishers shall be subjected to maintenance not more than one year apart or when specifically indicated by an inspection. (10.4-4.1)

6-6,4,2.2 Extinguishers out of service for maintenance or recharge shall be replaced by spare extinguishers of the same type and at least equal rating. (10-4-4.1.4)

6-6.4,2.3 Each extinguisher shall have a tag or label securely attached that indicates the month and year the maintenance v/as performed and shall identify the person performing the service." The same record tag or label shall indicate whether or not recharging was also performed. (10-4-4.3)

6-6.4.2.4 All rechargeable-type extinguishers shall be recharged'after any use or as indicated by an inspection or when performing maintenance. (10.4-5.1.1)

6-6.4.2.5 Hydrostatic testing shall be performed by persons trained in pressure testing procedures and safeguards, and having available manual(s).Suitable testin(~g0¢5.1.~31equi n~ent, facilities, and appropriate servicing

6-6.4.2.6 If, at an)' time, an extinguisher shows evidence of corrosion or mechanical injury, it shall be hydrostatically tested.

Exception No. I: Pump tanks.

Exception No. 2: Nonrechargeable fire extinguishers other than halogenated agent types shall be discharged and discarded.

Exception No. 3: Nonrechargeable halogenated type extinguishers. *

6-6.4.2.7 Examination of Cylinder Condition. Where an extinguisher .cylinder or shell has one. or more conditions listed in this subdlvi" "sion, it shall not be hydrostaucally tested, but shall be destroyed by the owner or at his direction:

lUnder special circumstances or where localrequirements are in effect, additional information may be desirable or required on record tags.

(a) When there exists repairs by soldering, welding, brazing, o~ use of patching compounds.

NOTE: For welding or brazing on mild steel shells, consult the manufacturer of the extinguisher.

(b) When the cylinder or shell threads are damaged.

(c) When there exists corrosion that has caused pitting, including under removable nameplate band-assem~blies.

"(d) When the extinguisher has been burned in a fire.

(e) When a calcium chloride tltpe of extinguishing agent was used in a stainless steel extinguisher.

(f) When the sheU is of copper or brass construction joined by soft solder or rivets.

(g) All inverting-type extinguishers. (10-5.1.3)

CHAI'TER 7 AUTOMATIC sPRn~n ~a SYSTEMS

S~CT~ON 7-1 W ~ REQUmZD

7-1.1 Automatic sprinklers shall be insmlledand maintained in full operating condition where specified by this Code or where more restrictive, as specified for the occupancy involved in the codes o r standards listed in Chapter 43. Installations shall be in accordance ~th . ~ A 13, su,,~,~ /o~1,~a,,ao,, ¥ . ~ ' , # ~ Sys _~. ~'PA 13p,, • ~tangardfor Sprinkler Systems in Residenttat uccupandes up to aria Including 4 Stories in Height or NFPA 13D, Standard for Spffnkler Systems in One- and Two-Family Dwellings & Mobile Homes, as appropriate.

7-1.2 All Ne~.

Hotels and Dormitories, Apartment Buildings, Residential Board and Care, Lodging and Rooming Houses, and One- and Two-Family Dwellings

shall be protected throughout by an approved automatic sprinkler system.

7-1.$ All New:

Assembly, Educational, Health Care, Ambulatory Health Care, Detention and Correctional, Business, Mercandle, Industrial, and Storage Occupancies

meeting the following criteria shall be protei:ted throughout by an approved automatic sprinkler system.

(a) Buildings three or more stories in height, or

(b) Buildings with a single story exceeding 12,000 sq ft (11148 sw m), or

(c) Buildings with a total area exceeding 94,000 sq ft (9299.6 sq m).

Exception No. 1: Noncombustible buildings containing only nonconDustibb contents.

Exception No. 2: Other approved autonuzic fire suppression sysums for special hazards shall be pc.mittea.

7-1.4 Basement areas of new occupancies exceeding 9500 sq ft shall be protected throughout by an approved automatic sprinkler system.

7-1.s High a ~ B ~ , ~ , , .

7-1.5.1 New high rise buildings shall be protected throughout by an approved, automatic sprinkler system in accordance with this chapter.

7-1.5.2' Existing high rise buildings shall be protected throughout by an approved, automatic sprinkler system in accordance with this chapter and 7-1.5.2.1 and 7-1.5.2.2 below.

J

169

N F P A 1 - - A92 T C R

7-1.5.2.1 Each building owner shall, within 180 days of receiving notice, file plans for compliance with this regulation with the authority havingjurisdicuon for approval.

7-1.5.2.2 The entire buildin[{ is tobe protected by an approved, automatic sprinkler system w~thin 12 years of adoption o f this Code.

SECTION 7-2 GENERAL

7-2.1 The authority having jurisdiction shall have the authority to require that shop drawings For all fire protection systems be submitted for review and approval and a permit be issued for installation, rehabilitation, or modification. For additional information concerning[ shop drawings, see Section 1-17. Further, the authority having junsdiciion shall have the authority to require that full acceptance tests of the systems be performed in the authority's presence prior to final system certification.

7-2.2 Water Supply.

7-2.2.1 Every sprinkler system shall be connected to a reliable and adequate water supply as defined by NFPA 13, 13D or 13R as appropriate for the particular occupancy.

7-2.2.2 Sprinkler piping serving not more than six sprinklers for any isolated hazardous area may be connected directly to a domestic water supply system havinga capacity sufficient to provide 0.15 gal per minute per sq ft (6.1 L/min/sq m) of floor area throushout the entire enclosed area. An indicating shut-offvalve shall be installed in an accessible location between the sprinklers and the connection to the domestic water supply. (101-7-7.1.2)

7-2.2.$ Under no circumstances shall the sprinkler hazard classification be lowered to compensate for an inadequate water supply.

SECTION 7.3 SYSTEM SFJ.I~.GTION

7-3.1 Wet pipe systems shall not be used in areas subject to freezing which would require shutting down and draining of the system.

7-5.2 Dry Pipe Systems.

7-3.2.2 Valve rooms.

7-5.2.2.1 The dry-pipe valve and supplypipe shall be protected against freezing and mechanical injury (13-5-2.5.1)

7-3.2.2.2 Valve rooms shall be lighted and heated. The source of heat shall be of a permanently installed type. Heat tape shall not be used in lieu of heated valve enclosures to protect the dry-pipe valve and supply pipe against freezing. (13-5-2.5.2) - -

7-3.3 Pre-action Systems.

7-3.3.1 Sprinkler piping and fire detection devices shall be automatically supervised when there are more than 20 sprinklers on the system. (13-5-3.6.3)

7-3.40the.r types of systems or combination of systems are permitted to be used in accordance with NFPA 13, 13D o r l3R as appropriate.

SECTION 7-4 SYS.TEM COMPONENTS

7-4.1 All systems shall be equipped with an inspector's test connection consisting of minimum 1 in. diameter, terminating in a smooth bore corrosion resistant orifice, givin~ a flow equivalent to one sprinkler of a type having the smallest orifice installed on the particular system, to test each water flow alarm device for each system. The connection shall be located in a readily accessible location and the discharge shall be to the outside of the building or to a drain connection capable of accepting full flow under system pressure. The connection shall be identified by a permanently alTxxed sign. (13-4- 1.1)

Exception No. I: Each NFPA 1319 sprinkler system shall have a 1~2-in. (13- ram) or larger drain and test connection with valve on the system side of the control valve. (13D-3.1.2)

Exception No. 2: Each NFPA 13R sprinkler system shall have a 1-in. (25.4- ram) or larger drain and test connection with valve on the system side of the control~valve, (13R-2-4.1.2)

7-4.2 All sprinkler systems shall be equipped with water flow alarm units.

Exception: Where such alarms are not required by NFPA 13, 13D, or131~

7-4.3 A fire department connection shall be provided where required by NFPA 13, ISD, or 13R, at a location approved by the authority having jurisdiction

Exception: Where pennizton of the authority having jurisdiction has been obtained for its omission.

7-4.4 Control Valve~

7-4.4.1 Each system shall be provided with a listed indicating valve so located as to control all sources of water supply except fire department connections. (13-3-92.1)

7-4.4.2 At least one listed indicating valve shall be installed in each source of water supply except fire department connections. (13-3- 9.2.2)

7-4.4.3 Where there is more than one source of water supply, a check valve shall be installed in each connection.

Exception: Where cushion tanks are used with autonu~e frfe pumps, no check valve is required in the cuzhion tank conneaion. (13-3-9..2.4)

7-4.4.4 A check valve shall be installed in each water supply connection if there is a fire department connection on tile system. (13-3-9.2.5)

7-4.4.5 Where a single wet-pipe sprinkler system is equipped with a fire department connection, the alarm valve is considered a check valve and an additional check valve shall not be required. (13-3-9.2.6)

SECTION 7-5 OPERATING PROtW.DURES

7-5.1 Automatic sprinkler systems shall be maintained in full operating service at all times except when repairs or modifications are being made. Systems shall not be left out of service overnight or at other times when the building is not occupied. The fire department shall be immediately notified any time a system is out of service (also see I-9).

Exception: When allot~ by the authority having jurisdiaion.

SECTION 7-6 SYSTEM MAINTENANCE (also see 1-9)

7-6.1 A sprinkler system installed under this Code shall beproperly maintained for efficient service. The owner is responsible for the condition of the sprinkler system and shall ~ e due diligence in keeping the system in good operating condition. (13-1.5.1)

7-6.2 The installing contractor shall provide the owner with:

(a) Instruction charts describing operation and proper maintenance of sprinkler devices.

(b) Publication titled NFPA 13A, Recommended Practice for the Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of Sprinkler Systems. (13-1-5.2)

SECTION 7-7 OTHER FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS

7-7.1" There are other fire suppression systems which may be used as suitable for their applications. The standards noted in Table 7-7.1' govern the installation and use of these systems.

Exception: Existing installations may be continued in service sulk'cot to the approval of the a~thodty having jurisdiction.

170

Table 7-7.1

Tvve of Svstem

a. Low Expansion Foam and Combined Agent Systems

b. Medium and High Expansion Foam Systems

c, Carbon Dioxide Systems

d. Halon 1301

e. Halon 1211

f. Sprinklers in One- and Two- Family Dwellings and Mobile Homes

g. Sprinklers in Residential Occupancies up to and

Including Four St6ries in Height

h. Water Spray Systems

i. Deluge Foam-Water Sprinkler and Foam-Water Spray Systems

j. Dry Chemical Extinguishing Systems -

k. Wet Chemical Systems

NI~A Standard

NFPA 11

NFPA l l A

NFPA 12 !

NFPA 12A

NFPA 12B

NFPA 13D-

NFPA 13R

NFPA 15

NFPA 16

NFPA 17

NFPA 17A

CHAPTER 8 FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEMS

SECTION 8-1 GENERAL

8.1.1 Where building fire alarm systems are required by other secdons of this Code, they shall be provided in accordance with this chapter and N'FPA 72, Standard for the Installation of Maintenance and Use of Protective Signaling[ Systems. Where automatic fire detectors are required, they shall be installed in accordance with this chapter and NFPA 72E, Standard on Automatic Fire Detector~

Exception: Exiting installations may be continued in use subject to the approval of the authority having jurlsdiction.

g l . l . l Fire alarm signaling equipment shall be restored to service as promptly aspossible after eacli test or alarm and shall be kept in normal condition for operation. Equipment requiring rewinding or replenishing shall be rewound or replenished as promptly as possible after each test or alarm. (101-31-1.3.7)

&l.2 The authority havingjurlsdicilon shall have'the authority to require that shop drawings for all fire protection systems be submitted for review and approval, and a permit be issued,for installation, rehabilitation, or modification. For additional information concerning shop drawings, see Section 1-17. Further, the authority havingjurtsdiction shall have the authority to require that full acceptance tests of the systems be performed in the anthority's his presence prior to final system certification.

8-1.3 Transmission of fire alarm and detection systems signals.

SECTION 8-2 FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS

.&2.1 Introduction.

8-2.1.1 Where required by this Code or the referenced codes and standards listed in Chapter 43, fire alarm systems shall provide for one or more of the following:

(a) Manual fire alarm service.

(b) Automatic fire alarm service.

(c) Automatic detection of alarm or abnormal conditions in extinguishing systems, such as sprinkler and carbon dioxide.

NFPA I - - A92 TCR t

(d) Guard's tour supervisory service.

(e) Automatic detection of abnormal conditions in industrial processes which could result in fire or explosion endanger-

g life or property.

(f) Use of all or part of a system for additional purposes, such as sounding of paging slgnals throughout thepremises. Such systems shall be known as combination systems. (72-3.1)

8-2.1.2 Protective signaling systems shall be permitted to identify the point or zone of origin of the signals by annunciation or coded signal. (72.2-4.2)

8-2.1.5 A device or system having materials or forms different from those detailed in this section may. be examined and tested according to t.he intent of the section and, ff found equivalent, may be approved. (72-I-3.2)

&2.1.4'All devices, combinations of devices, appliances, and equipment installed in conformity with this Code shall be listed for the protective signaling purpose for which they are used. (72-2-1.2)

8-2.2 Maintenance and Testing.

&2.2.1 Acceptance Tests. Upon completion of an installation or alterations, satisfactory tests of the enure system shall be made in the presence of the anthority having jurisdiction. All functions of the system shall be tested, including operation of the system in various alarm and trouble modes for which it is designed (e.g., open circuit, grounded circuit, power outage, etc.). (72-2-5.1)

&2-2.2 Central Station. Complete and satisfactory tests shah be made of all devices in accordance vath the following:

(a) Bimonthly or more frequently, subject to the authority havingjurisdictlon, for all transmitters, waterflow-actuated devices, automatic fire detection systems, and valve supervisory devices.

(b) Semiannually for manual fire alarm boxes, combination night guard and fire alarm boxes, tank water level devices, building and tank water tempe .rature supervisory devices, and other sprinkler system superwsory aevlces.

(c) Insi3ection and tests of automatic fire detection devices shall be in accordance with NFPA 72E, Standard on Automatic Fire Detectors.

(d) A central station representative shall conduct these tests. A properly trained designee of plant management may perform other than regularly scheduled tests in lieu of a central station representative.

However, such an arrangement does not relieve the central station of the responsibility for proper ~ystem restoration. In very large facilities the test prograx=n shall be arranged to maintain maximum protection and service at all times (71-1-9.4).

8"2.2.3 Sygtemg o t h e r t h a n ce~ltral s t a t i o n sys t ema .

8-2-2.3.1 Complete and satisfactory tests shall be made of all devices, and test results shall be made available to the authority having jurisdiction in accordance with the following:

(a) Monthly for all adtomatic fire detection systems (including circuit interfaces) or other systems and devices not covered by (b), (c), or (d) below.

(b) Every two months or more frequently" subject to the authority having'jurisdiction, for all circuit interfaces and waterflow acmateddevices. For sprinkler waterflow alarm tests an actual waterfiow, through the use of a test connection, shall be the method employed for tesang the reliability of the sprinkler alarm unit as a whole.

(c) Semiannually for gate valve supervisory switches, manual fire alarm boxes, combination guard tour and fire alarm boxes, tank water level devices, building and tank water supervisory devices, and other sprinkler system supervisory devices.

(d) Annually for alarm indicating appliances, annunciators, control units, and emergency voice/alarm communicl/tion systems.

/

(e) Inspection and tests of automatic fire detection devices shall be in ai:cordance with NFPA 72E, Standard on AutomatieFireDete~Trs. (72-2-5.2.2)

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N F P A 1 - - A 9 2 T C R

8-2.$ Certificate of Compliance. A certificate (see Figure 2-2.2 of NFPA 72) shall beprepared for each system. Parts 1 and $ through 9 shall be completed after the system is installed and the installation wiring has been checked. Part 2 shah be completed after thl- operational tests have been performed. A preliminary copy of the certificate shall be given to the system owner and, when requested, to the authority having jurisdiction, after completion of the installation of the wiring tests and a final copy after completion of the operational acceptance tests. (72-2-2.2)

8-2.4 Manual Fire Alarm Service. For systems employing automatic fire detectors or waterflow detection devices, a manual fire alarm box shall be provided to initiate a fire alarm signal. This box shall be located where required by the authority having jurisdiction. (72-3-2.4) •

8-2.5 Fire Alarm Boxes.

8-2.5.1 Manual fire alarm boxes shall be approved for the particular application and shall be used only for fire protective signaimg purposes listed. Combination fire alarm and guard's tour boxes are acceptable. (72.3-2.1)

8-2.5.2 Each box shall be.securely mounted. The bottom of the box shall be not less than 3 I/2 ft (l.lm) and not more than 5 ft (1.4 m) above the floor level. (72-3-2.2)

8-2.5.$ Manual fire alarm boxes shall be distributed throughout the protected area so that they are unobstructed, readily accessible, and located in the normal path of exit from the area, and as follows:

(a) At least one box shall be provided on each floor.

(b) Additional boxes shall be provided so that travel distance to the nearest box will not be in excess of 900 ft (61 m). (79-3-2.3)

8-2.6 Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm Service.

8-2.6.1 General.

8-2.6.1.1 Automatic fire detectors shall be located, maintained, and tested in accordance with NFPA 72E, Standard on Automatic Fire Detectors.

8.2.6.1.2 Automatic fire detectors with integral trouble contacts shall be wired on the initiating device circuit so that a trouble condition on one detector will not impair the alarm operation from other initiating devices. (72-3.3.2)

&2.6.1.$ Automatic fire detection and alarm systems equipped with alarm verification features shall be permitted where approved by the authority havin~jurisdiction provided that a smoke detector continuously subjected to smoke concentrations above alarm threshold magnitude will activate a system alarm within one (1) minute.

Exception: Alarm operation of an alarm initiating device other than a smoke detector shall cause a system alarm'signal within 15 seconds. (72-3-3.3)

&2.6.1.4 Where individual fire detectors are used to control the operation of equipment as permitted b~ 3-2.1.2, this control capability shall remain operable even if all of the initiating devices connected to the same initiating circuit are in an alarm state. (72-5-3.4)

8-2.7 WaterflowAlarm Service.

&2.7.1 A dry-pipe sprinkler system equipped for waterflow alarm signal shall prowde supplementary sup.ervision of the s~tem air pressure to avoid false'sagnals due to neglect in maintmning air pressure. (72-3-4.2.4)

8-2.7,2 Sprinkler s]/stem waterflow alarm and supervisory initia'ting devices and their ctrcuits shall be so designed and instalied that they cannot be readily tampered with, opened, or removed from connection to the components of the sprinkler system, without initiating a signal. This provision specifically inciudesjunction boxes that have been installed on the outside of buildings to faciiitate access to the initiating device circuit. (72-3-4.3.1)

8-2.7.3 The number of waterflow switches that may be connected to activate a single transmitter shaii not exceed 5. (72-6.2.2)

&2.7.4 The number of supervisory switches that may activate a single transmitter shall not exceed 20. (72-6-2.3)

8-2.7.5 Provisions shall be made to indicate the flow of water in a ' sprinkler system by an alarm signal within 90 seconds after flow of water equal to or greater than that from a single sprinkler of the smallest orifice size installed in the system.

Exception: Movement of water due to waste, surges, or variable pressure need not be indicated, (72-3-4.1.2)

8-2.8 Monitoring for Integrity.

8-2.8.1 All means of interconnecting equipment; devices, and appliances shall be monitored for the integrity of the interconnecting conductors or equivalent, so that the occurrence of a single open or a single ground trouble condition in the installation conductors and theur restoration to normal shall be automatically indicated at the central control equipment within 200 seconds.

Exception No. 1: S~le~ of initiating device circuits, sig~mling line circuits, and indicating appllance circuits tabulated on Tables 2-6.1, 2-7.1 and 6-4 of bIFPA 72, which do not have an "X" under "Trouble, "for the abnormal condition indicated.

Exception No. 2: Shorts between conductors, except ~ required by Tables 2- 6.1, 2-7.1 and 6.4 of M:PA 72, are not cantemptated by l~zPA 72.

Exception No. 3: Interconnection to power for a trouble signal

Exception No. 4: lnterconnealon to secondary (standby) power supp~, provided that, where a battery is u.uwl, it is in the same endosure as the equipment it serves or that the battery leads are imtalled in conduit or equivalency protected against mechanical injury.

Exception No. 5: Conneaioua to and between supplementa, 7 system wmponents providing that abnormal conditions of the supplementary

Exception No. 6: The neutral of a three-wire ac source,

Ea~ceptiou No. 7: A noninterfenng shunt circuig provided that a fault condition on the shunt drcuit w#ing results only in the loss of the noninterfenng feature of operation.

Exception No. 8." The drcuit of an alarm indicating appliance installed in the same room with the central control equiprnent provided that the indicating appliance drcuit conductors are installed in conduit, or equivalently protected against mechanicat injury.

Exception No. 9: A trouble signal circuit.

Exception No. 10: lnterconneaion between equipment within a common enclosure subjea to the authori~ having jurisdiaion.

Exception No. 11: lnterconnection between enclosures containing control equipment located within 20 fl (6 m) when the conduao~ are installed in conduit or equivalently ]Jrotected against mechanical injury.

Exception No. 12: Conductors for ground detection, when a single ground do~ not prevent the required normal operation of the syarm. (72-4--2.1).

8-2.8.2 Connection of installation wiring to alarm initiating devices and alarm indicating appliances shall be monitored for integrity. (72- 4-3)

8-2.8.$ Interconnecting means shall be arranged so that a single break or single ground fault will not cause an alarm signal. (72-4-2.2)

8-2.9 Power Supply Sources.

&2.9.1 Three sources of electrical power shall be provided. These shall consist of~i primary (main) supply, a secondary (standby) supply, and a trouble supply.

Exception No. 1: Where the prima~j~ower is supplied by a dedicated branch circuit of an Emergency System to 2WPA 70, Nati'onal Electrical Code, Article 700, or a Legally Required Standby System in accordance with I~FPA 70, National Electrical Code, Article 701, a secondary supply is not required.

Exception No. 2: Where the primary power is supplied by a dedicated branch circuit of an Optional Standby System to t~FPA 70, National Electdcal Code, Article 702, which also meets the performance requ__irements of Article 700 or Article 701, a secondary supp~ is not required. (72-5-3.1)

17i

N F P A I m A92 TCR

8-3 Automatic Fire Detectors.

8-3.1 Special Definition&

Air Sampllfig-type Detector. A sampling-type detector consists of piping or tubing distribution from the detector unit to the area(s) to be protected. An air pump draws air from the protected area back to the detector through the air sampling ports and piping or tubing. At the detector, the mr is analyzed for fire products. (72E-2-2.2.3)

Line-type Detector. A device in which detection is continuous along a path. Typical examples are rate-of-rise pneumatic tubing detectors, projected beam'smoke detectors, and heat-sensitive cable. (72E-2-2.2.1)

Spot-type Detector. A device whose detecting element is concentrated at a particular location. Typical examples are bimetallic detectors, fusible alloy detectors, certain pneumatic rate-of-rise detectors, certain smoke detectors, and thermoelectric detectors. (72E-2-2.2.£)

&3.2 General Requirements.

&3.2.1 All fire detection devices that receive their power from the initiating circuit of a fire alarm control unit shall be listed for use with the control unit. Where acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction, the manufacturer may provide information on the compatibility of the detection dewce with the control unit to ~athf-y this requirement. (72E-2-5.1.1)

&3.£.2 Before requestin~ final approval of the installation by the authority havingjurisdicuon, the installing contractor shall furnish a written statement to the effect that the detectors have been installed in accordance with approved plans and tested in accordance with Chapter 8 of NFPA 72E. Manufacturer's installation and service manuals shall also be furnished. (72E-2-5.1.3)

8-3.2.3 Upon completion of the installation, a satisfactory test of the fire detectors in accordance with Chapter 8 of NFPA 72E shall be made in the presence of a representative of the authority having jurisdiction. ~72E-2-5.2) -

8-3.3 Installation.

8-3.3.1 Where subject to mechanical damage, detectors shall 13e protected. (72E-2-7.1)

&3.3.2 Detectors shall he supported, in all cases, independently of their attachment to the circuit conductors. (72E-2-7.2)

8-3.3.3 Detectors shall not be recessed in any way into the mounting surface unless they have been tested and listed for such recessed mounting. (72E-2-7.3)

8-3.3.4 Spot-type heat detectors shall be located on the ceiling not" less than 4 in. (100 mm) from the side wall to the near edge or if on the side walls, between 4 in. (100 ram) and 12 in. (300 ram) from the ceiling to the top of the detector.

Exception No. 1: In the case of solid joist construction, detectors shall be mounted at the bottom of the joists. ' .

Exception No. 2: In the case of beam construction where beams are less than 12 in. 0 0 0 ram) in depth and less than 8 f l (2.4 m) on center, daectors may " be installed on the bottom of beams. (72E-3-4.1)

&3.3.3 Line-type heat detectors shall be located upon the ceiling or on the side walls not more than 20 in. (500 mm) from the ceiling. (72E-3-4.2)

8-3.3.6 Spot-type smoke detectors shall be located on the ceiling not less than 4 in. (100 ram) from a sidewall to the near edge or, if on a sidewall, between 4 in. and 12 in. (100 mm and 300 mm) down from the ceiling to the top of the detector.

Exception No. 1: See 4-4.1.Z of NFPA 72E

Exception No. 2: See 4-4.6 of NFPA 72E.

Exception No. 3: See 4-4.7 of NFPA 72E. (72E-4-4.2)

&3.3.7 To minimize dust contamination of smoke detect°rs when installed under raised room floors, and similar spaces, they shall only be mounted in an orientation for which they have been listed. (72E-4- 4.£.1)

L

8-5.5.8 Projected beam-type smoke detectors (see 4-2.3.1 of NFPA 72E) shall normally be located with their projected beams parallel to the ceiling and in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.

Exception No. 1: See. NFPA 72E, 4.4.1.2.

Exception No. 2: Beams may be installed _vertlc~ 7 or at any angle needed to afford, protection of the hazard involved. (Example: vertical beams through the open shaft area of a stairwell where there is a clear vertical space inside the handrails.) ( 7 ~ . 3 ) . '

&$.3.9 Each sampling port of a sampling-type smoke detector shall be treated as a spot-type detector for the purpose of location and spacing. (72E-4-4.4).

&$.$.10 Detectors shall not be installed undl after the construction cleanup of all trades is complete and final.

f

Ex tion: Where required by the authority having jurisdiaion for peoteaion duTn~ construction.

Detectors that have been installed prior to final cleanup by all trades shall be cleaned or replaced per Section 8-4 of NFPA 72E. (72F.~ 6a.s)

&3.$.11 Hioda ~ Movement Areas.

8-3.3.11.1 Smoke detectors shall not be located near air supply registers. (72EM-6.5.3)

&3.3.11.2 Smoke detector spacing depends upon the movement of air within the room (including both supplied and recirculated air), which can be designated as minutes per air change or air changes per hour. Except where btherwise accepted by the authority having jurisdiction, spacing shall be in accordance with Figures 4-6.5.4 (a) and (b) of NFPA 72E. A projected beam smoke detector may be used in place of each row of spot detectors at the reduced spacing. (72E-4- 6.5.4)

8-3.4 Maintenance and Temtng.

ql &3.4.1 ' The maintenance and tesdngschedules and procedures for fire alarm and fire detection systems shall be in accordance with this section.

8-3.4.2 Heat Detector..

8-3.4.£.1 A restorable heat detector and the restorable element of a combination detector shall be tested by exposing the detector to a heat source, such as a halrdryer or a shielded heat lamp until it responds. After each heat test, the detector shall reset.Precaution shall be taken to avoid damage to the nonrestorahle fixed temperature element of a combination rate-of-rise/fixed temperature detector.

Exception: A pneumatic tube line-type detectbr shall be tested either with a heat source (ira test chamber is in the cir~it) or lested pneumatically with a pressure pump. The manufacturers instructions shall be followed. (72E-8-

• 2.3.1)

&5-4.2.2 Line-.or spot.type nonrestorable fixed temperature heat ' detectors shall not be heat tested, but shall be tested mechanically or electrically to verify alarm function. (72E-8-2.3.2)

&3.4.2.3 Detectors with a replaceable fusible alloy element shall be tested by first removing the fusible element to determine that the detector contacts operate properly, and then reinstalling the fusible element. (72F,,8-2.3.2.1)

8-3.4.£.4 Where required for proper performance, the loop resistance of line type detecto~ shaU be measured to determine if it is within acceptable limits for the equipment being used. The loop resistance shall be recorded for future reference. Other tests shall be performed, as required by the manufacturers. (72E-8-£.3.3)

8-3.4.3 Smoke Detectors.

8-3.4.3.1 To assure that each smoke detector is operative and produces the intended response, it shall be caused to initiate an alarm at its installed location. Before testing, each smoke detector shall be inspected to verify that any protection added during the construction phase to guard against contamination by construction dust and dirt has been removed and that smoke entry has not been impeded. (72E-8-2.4.1)

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N F P A 1 n A 9 2 T C R

8-3.4.3.2 For spot-type or sampling-type detectors, the detectors shall " be tested in place to ensure smoke entry into the sensing chamber and an alarm response. Testing with smoke or other aerosol acceptable to the detector manufacturer shall be permitted as one acceptable test method. (72E-8.2.4.1.1)

I

8-3.4.$.$ For projected beam-type smoke detectors, the detector shall be tested by introducingsmoke, other aerosol, or an optical filter into the beam path. (72E-8-2.4.1.2) '

&&4.$.4 All smoke detectors shall be tested at least annually in accordance with 8-3.4.3.1 to ensure that each detector is operative and produces the intended response. (72F.Ag-3.4.1)

8-&4.$.5 Detector sensitivity shall be checked within one year after installation and every alternate year thereafter.

To assure that each smoke detector is within its listed and marked sensitivity range, it shall be tested using either:

(a) A calibrated test method, or . (b) The manufacturer's calibrated sensitivity test instrument, or (c) Listed control equipment arranged for the purpose, or (d) A smoke detector/control unit arrangement whereby the

detector causes a signal at the controlunit when its sensitivity is outside its acceptable sensitivity range.

(e) Other calibrated sensitivity test method acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

Detectors found to have a sensitivity 0.25 percent/ft, obscuration or more outside the listed and marked sensitivity range shall be cleaned and recalibrated or replaced.

~ tion: Dettctors listed as fidd adjuatable may be either adjuated'within the and marked sensitivity range, cleaned, and recalibrated or replaced.

The detector sensitivity shall not be tested or measured using any device that administers an unmeasured concentration of smoke or other aerosol into the detector. (72E-8-3.4.2)

PART IV OCCUPANCY FIRE.SAFETY REQUIREMENTS

9 ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCIES


9-1.i Application. New and existing assembly occupancies shall comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101.

SECTION 9-2 OPERATING FEATURES

9-2.1 Drills. The employees or attendants of places of public assembly shall be schooled and drilled in the' duties they are to perform in case of fire, panic, or other emergency in order to be of greatest service in effecting orderly exit of assemblages. (101-31-2.1)

9-2.1.1 Employees or attendants of assembly occupancies shall be instructed in the proper use of portable fire extinguishers and other manual fire suppression equipment if provided. (101-51-2.1.1)

9-2.2 In theaters, motion picture theaters, auditoriums, and other similar Class A and B assembly occupancies where there are noncontinuous programs, an audible announcement shall be made prior to the start of each program to notify occupants of the location of the exits to be used in case of a fire or other emergency.

Exception: Assembly oc~pand.es in schools when nsed for nonpublic events. . (101-31.2.2)

9-2.$ Open Flame Devices. No open flame devices shall be used in any assembly occupancy.

ExceptionNo. I: When necasaryforceremonia~ religious, ordemonstration purpos~ the authority having jurisdiaion may permit open flame devices under such resedaions as are necessary to avoid danger of ignition of annbu~tible materials or injury to occupants.

Exception No. 2: Open flame devices may be used on stages when a necessary part of theatrical performances, provide d adequate precautions satisfactory to the authority ham'ng jmisdiaion are taken to prevent ignition of any combustible materials.

Exception No. 3: Gas lights may beperraitted ~ adequateprecautions satisfactory to the authority havingamrisd" " "iaion are taken to prevent ignition of any combustible materials.

Exmption No. 4: Candles may be used on tables if securely supported on substantial nonannbuaible bases so located as to avoid danger of ignition of annbuatible mat~als and only i f approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Candle flames shall bd proteaea.

Exception No. 5: aspo, n i ~ in 9-2.4. (101-M-2.3)

9-2.4 Special Food Service Devices. Portable cooking equipment, not flue connected, shall be permitted only as follows:

(a) Equipment fueled by small heat sources that can be readily extinguisbedb.~ water, such as candles or alcohol-burning equipment (including "solid alcohol'), may be used provided adequate precautions satisfactory to the authori~ having jurisdiction are taken to prevent the ignition of any combusuble materials.

(b) Candles may be used on tables if securely supported on substantial noncombustible bases so located as to avoid danger of ignidon of combustible materials and only if approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Candle flames shall be protected.

(c) "Flaming Sword" or other equipment involving open flames and flamed dishes, such as cherries jubilee, crepes suzette, etc., may be permitted provided that necessary precautions are taken and subject to the approval of the authority having jurisdiction. (101-31-2.4)

9-2.5 Sinoktng.

9-2.5.1 Smoking in assembly occupancies shall be regulated by the authority having jurisdiction. (101-31-2.5.1)

9-2.5.2 In rooms or areas where smoking is prohibited, plainly visible "NO SMOKING" signs shall be posted. (101-31-2.5.2) . ,

9-2.5.8 No person shall smoke in prohibited areas that are so posted.

Exception: The authority havingjurlsdiaion may permit smoking on a stage only when it is a necessary and iehearsed part of the performance and ~ Oy a . regular perforraing member of the cast: (10101-2.5.3)

9-2.5.4 Where smoking is permitted, suitable ashtrays or receptacles shall be provided in convenient locations. (101-31-2.5.4)

9-2.6 "Furnlahlnelt, Decorations, and Stage Scenery.

9-2.6.1 Draperies, curtains, and other similar furnishings and decorations shall be flame resistant. These materials required herein to be tested in accordance with NFPA 701, Standard Method of Tests for Flame Resistant Textiles a.nd Films, shall comply with both small and large scale tests.

Exwpti~: For matmials that show excessive melting or shrinkage or ongoing combustion at the junalan of the specimen and its ~lder in the small-scale test, the large scale test shall be considered applicable in accordance with the test selection provisions of 1-4.2 of 2~PA 70 L (101-31-1.4.1)

9-2.6.2 Furnishings of an explosive or highly flammable character shall not be used. (101-31-1.4.2)

9-2.6.3 Fire,retardant coatings shall be maintained so as to retain the effectiveness of the treatment under service conditions encountered in actual use, (101-31-1.4.3)

9-2.6.4 The authority having jurisdiction shall impose controls on the amount and arrangement of combustible contents, including decorations, in assembly occupancies to provide an adequate level of safety to life fi'om fire. (101-3I-2.6.2)

9-2.6.5 There shall be no exposed foam plastics. (101-31-2.6.3)

s/-2.7 Seating.

9-2.7.1 Seats in assembly occupancies accommodating more than 200 persons shall be securely fastened to the floor except where fastened together in ~oups not less than three nor more than seven and as permitted in 9-2.7.2. All seats in balconies and galleries shall be securely fastened to the floor, except in #aces of worship. (101-31-2.7.1)

9-2.7.2 Seats not securely fastened to the floor may be permitted in restaurants, night clubs, and other occupancies where the fastening of seats to the floor may be impracticable, provided that in the area used for seating (excluding dance floor, stage, etc.), there shall be not more than one seat for each 15 sq ft (1.4 sq m) of net floor area and adequate aisles to reach exits shall .be maintained at all times.

1 7 4


Exception: Seating diagrams shall be submittod for approval of the autharity having jurisdiction to allow increase in occupant load per l~PA 101, Sections 7-1. Z2 and 9-1. Z2. (101-31-2. Z2)

0-2.7.$ Every room constituting an assembly occupancy and not having fixed seats shall have the occupant load of the room posted in

• a conspicuous place, near the main exit from the room. Approved signs shall be maintained in a legible manner by the owner or his • authorized agent. Signs shall be durable and shall indicate the number of occupants permitted for each room use. (101-31-2.7.3)

9-2.8 Projection Room. Unless the projection room is constructed in accordance with NFPA 40, Standard for Storage and Handling of C~llulose Nitrate Motion t'ictureFilm, there shall be posted on the outside of each projection room door, and within the projection room proper, a conspicuous sign with 1 in. (2.5 cm) block letters stating: ~Safety Film Only Permitted in This Room." (101.31-2.8)

9-2.9 Coat l~s¢l~A. Clothing and personal effects shall not be stored in corridors and lobbies. (101-31-2.9)

0-2.10 Crowd Managers. In Class A assembly occupancies, there shall be trained crowd managers or crowd manager supervisors at a ratio of 1 crowd manager/supervisor who shall have received approved training in crowd management techniques for every 250 occupants.

Exception No. 1 : Assembly o~pancies used excJusive~ for religioua worship with an occupant load not greater than 2000.

Exception No. 2: Where in the opinion of the authority having jurisdiction the existence of an approved super~ed sprinkler system and the nature of the eoent warrant, tho ratio of trained crowd managers to occupants may be reduced. (101-31-2.1)

C H A ~ r ~ 10 EDUCXrIONAL OCCUP.'.~CIES

SECTION 10-1 GENERALREQUIREMEN~ '

10-1,1 Application. New and existing educational occupancies shall comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101.


10-2.1 Drills.

10-2.1.1 Fire exit drills shall be conducted regularly in accordance with the applicable provisions of the following paragraphs. (101-31- 3.1.1)

10-2.1.2 There shall be at least two fire exit drills held during the first two weeks of a school term and eight additional fire exit drills held during the year. In climates where the weather is severe during the winter months, at least six drills should be held during the beginning of the school term and four drills held after the winter months to complete the ten required drills. (101-$1-$.1.2)

10-2.1.S Drills shall be executed at different hours of the day or . evening; during the changing of classes; when the school is at assembly; during the recess or gymnastic periods; etc., so as to avoid distinction between drills and actual fires. I ra drill is called when pupils are going up. or down stairways, as during the time classes are ~.hanging, the pup~ds shall be instructed to form in file and immediately proceed to the nearest available exit in an orderly manner. (101.31-3.1.3) . .

10-2.1.4 Every fire drill shall be an exercise in school management for principal and teachers, with the chief purpose of every drill being the complete control of the class so that the teacher will form its ranks qmckly and silently, may halt it, turn it, or direct it as desired. Great stress shall be laid up?n the execution of each drill in a brisk, quiet, and orderly manner. Running shall be prohibited. In case there are pupils incapable of holding their places in a line moving at a reasonable speed, provisions shall be made to have them taken care of by the more sturdy pupils, who will keep them from moving independently from the regular line of march. (101-31-3.1.4)

10-2.1.5 Monitors shall be appointed from the more mature pupils to assist in the proper execution of all drills. They shall be instructed to hold doors open in the line of march or to close doors when necessary to prevent the spread of fire or smoke. There shall be at least two substitutes for each appointment so as to provide for proper performance in case of absence of the regular monitors. The searching of toilet or other rooms shall be the duty of teachers or

other members of the staff. If the teachers are to search, it 'should be done after they join their classes to the proceeding lines. (101-31- 3.1.5)

10-2.1.6 As all drills simulate an actual fire condition, pupils shall not . be allowed to obtain clothing after the alarm has sounaed, even when in home rooms; on account of the confusion that would result in forming the lines and the danger of tripping over dragging apparel. (101.31.3.1.6)

10-2.1.7 Each class or group shall proceed to a predetermined point outside the building and remain there while a check is made to see that all are accounted for, leaving only when a recall signal is given to return to thebuilding, or wben dismissed. Such points shall be sufficiently far away from the building and from each other as to avoid danger from any fire in the building, interferenc~ with fire department operations, or confusion between different classes or groups. (101.31-3.1.7) .

10-2.1.8 Where necessary for drill lines to cross roadways, signs reading =STOP! SCHOOL HRE DRILL," or equivalent, shall be carriedby monitors to the traffic intersectingpoints in order to stop traffic during the period of the drill. (101.31.3.1.8)

10-2.1.9 Fire exit drills in schools shall not include any fire extin- gnishing operations. (101-31-3.1.9)

10-2.2 Signals.

10-2.2.1 All fire alarms shall be sounded on the fire alarm system. (101-31.3.2.1)

10-2.2.2 Whenever any of the school authorities determine that an actual fire exists, they shall immediately call the local fire department using the public fire alarm system or such other facilities as are available. (101-31-3.2.2)

10-2.2.$ In order to prevent pupils from being returned to a building that is burning, the recall signal shall be one that is separate and distinct from, and cannot be mistaken for, any other slgnals. Such signals may be given by distinctive color flags'or banners. If the reca l l signal is electrical, the push-buttons or other controls shall be kept under lock, the key for which shall be in the possession of the principal or some'other designated person in order to prevent a recall at a time when there is a fire. Regardless of the method of recall, the means of giving the signal shall be kept under lock. (I01- 31-3.2.3)

10-2.3 Inspection.

10-2.$.1 It shall be the duty of principals and teachers to inspect all exit facilities dally in order to make sure all stairways, doors, and other exits are in proper condition. (101-31-3.3.1)

10-2.$.2 Open-plan buildings require extra surveillance to ensure that exit paths are maintained clear of obstructions and .are obvious. (101-31-3.3.2)

10-2.4 FttrniRhinmi and Decorations.

10-2.4.1 Draperies, curtains, and.other similar furnishings and decorations shall be flame resistant. These materials required herein to be tested in accordance with NFPA 701, Standard Method of Testsfor FlaraeReristant Textiles andFilras, shall comply with both smalband large-scale tests.

• Exception: For materials that show excessive meltingor shrinkage or ongoing combustion at the junction of the spedraen and its holder in the small-scale test, the large-scale test shall be considered applicabb in accordance with the test sdection provisions ofl-4.2 of NFPA 701. (101-31-1.4.1)

10-2.4.2 Furnishings of an explosive or highly flammable character shall not be used. (101-31-1.4.5)

10-2.4.3 Fire retardant coatings shall be maintained so as to retain the effectiveness of the treatment under service conditions encountered in actual use. (101-31-1.4.6)

10-2.4.4 Clothing and personal effects shall not be stored in corridors and lobbies.

Exception: Metal lockers may be instaUed in corridors for stora~ of clothing and personal effects pmvid~ the corridor width is maintained. (10101-3.8.2)

175


10-2.4.5 Child prepared artwork and teaching materials may be attached directly to the walls and shall not exceed 20 percent of the wall area. (101-31-3.9)

10-2.5 Unvented Fuel-Fired Heating Equipment. Unvented fuel-fired heating equipment shall be prohibited m educational occupancies. (101-31-3A0)

CHAPTER 11 DAY-CARE OCCUPAN/'mc-q

SECTION I L l GENERAL

II-I . I Application- New and existing day-care occupancies shall comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101

SECTION 11-2 DAY-CARE CENTERS

11-2.1 GeneraL

II-2.I.I Classification. This section establishes life safety requirements for day-care centers in which more than 1'2 clients receive care, maintenance, and supervision by other than their relative(s) or legal guardian(s) for less than 24 hours per day. (101-11-7.1.1.2)

11-2.2 Operating Features.

11-2.2.1 Fire prevention inspections shall be conducted monthly by a trained senior member of the staff. A copy of the latest inspection form shall be posted in a conspicuous place in the day-care facili~. (101-31-3.4.1)

11-2.2.2 An approved fire evacuation plan shall be executed not less than once per month. (101-31-3.4.2)

11-2.2.6 Flammable and combustible liquids shall be stored in areas accessible only to designated individuals and as required by NFPA 30. (101-31-3.4.3)

11-2.2.4 Wastebaskets and other waste containers shall be made of noncombustible materials. (101-31-3.4.4)

SECTION 11-3 GROUP DAY-CARE HOMES

11-3.1 General.

11-3.1.1 Application. This secdon establishes life safety requirements for group day-care homes in which at least 7 but not morethan 12 clients receive care, maintenance, and supervision by other than their relative(s) or legal guardian(s) for less than 24 hours per day (generally within a dwelling unit). The provisions of 10-2 through 10- 6 and 11-2 through 11-6 of NFPA 101 shall not apply to this secuon unless a specific requirement is referenced by this section. (101-11- 8.1.1.1)

11-3.2 Operate'Lug Features.

11-3.2.1 At least one operable flashlight shall beprovided for each staff member in a Iocauon accessible to the staff for use in the event of a power failure. (101-31-3.5)

SECTION 11-4 FAMILY DAY-CARE HOMES

11-4.1 General.

11.4.1.1 Application. This section establishes life safety requirements for family day-care homes in which fewer than 7 clients receive care, maintenance, and supervision by other than their relative(s) or legal guardian(s) for less than 24 hoursper day (generally within a dwelling unit). The provisions of I0-2 through 10.6 and 11-2 through 11-6 of NFPA 101 shall not apply to this section unless a specific requirement is referenced by this section. (101-11-9.1.1.I)

11-4.2 Operating Features.

11.4.2.1 At least one operable flashlight shall beprovided for each staff member in a locauon accessible to the staff for use in the event of a power failure. (101-31-3.5)

CHAPTER 12 HEALTH CARE OCCUPANCIT_~

SECTION 12-1 GENERALREQUIREMF2¢~

SECTION 12-2 OPERATING FEATURF.S

12-2.1 Attendants, Evacuation Plan, Fire Exit Ddl~.

12-2.1.1 The administration of every hospital, nursing home, and limited care facility shall have in effect and available to all supervisory personnel written copies of a plan for the protection of all persons i n the event of fire and for their evacuation from the building when necessary. All employees shall be periodicallyinstructed and kept informed with respect to their duues under the plan. A copy o f the plan shall be readdy available at all times in the telephone operator's posidon or at the security center.

The provisions of 12-2.1.2 to 12.2.2.3 inclusive shall apply. (101-31- 4.1.1)

12-2.1.2 Every bed intended for use by health care occupants shall be easily movable under conditions of evacuation and shallbe equipped with the type and size casters to allow easy mobility, especially-over elements of the structure such as expansion plates and elevator thresholds. The authority having jurisdiction may make exceptions in the equipping of beds intended for use in areas limited to pauents such as convalescent, self-care, or mental health patients. (101-$1- 4.1.2)

12-2.1.$ Fire exit drills in health care occupancies shhli include the transmission of a fire alarm signal and simulation of emergency fire conditions except that the movement of infirm or bedridden patients to safe areas or to the exterior of the building is not required. Drills shall be conducted quarterly on each shift to familiarize facility personnel (nurses, interns, maintenance engineers, and administrative staff) with signals and emergency action required under varied conditions. At least twelve drills shall be held every year. When drills are conducted between 9:00 p.m. (2100 hours) and 6:00 a.m. (0600 hours), a coded announcement may be used instead of audible alarms. (101-31-4.1.3)

12-2.1.4 Employees of health care facilities shall be insu'ucted in life safety procedures and devices. (101-31-4.1.4)

12-2.2 Procedure in Case of Fire.

12-2.2.1 For health care occupancies, the proper protection of patients requires the prompt and effective acuons of health care personnel. The basic actions required of staff shall include the removal of all occupants directly involved with the fire emergency, transmission of an appropriate fire alarm signal to warn other building occupants, confinement of the effects of the fire by closing doors to isolate the fire area, and the execution of those evacuation duties as detailed in the facility firesafety plan. (101-31.4.2.1)

12-2.2.2 Awritten facility firesafety plan shall provide for:

(a) Use ofahrms

(b) Transmission of alarm to fire department

(c) Response to alarms

(d) Isolation of fire

(e) Evacuation of area

(f) Preparation of building for evacuation

(g) Extinguishment of fire. (101-31.4.2.2)

12-2.2.3 All facility personnel shall be instructed in the use of, and response to, fire alarms; and, in addition, they shall be instructed in the use of the code phrase to ensure transmission of an alarm under the following conditions:

(a) When the discoverer of a fire must immediately go to the aid of an endangered person.

(b) During a malfunction of the building fire alarm system.

Personnel hearing the code announced shall first activate the building fire alarm using the nearest manual alarm station and shah theft immediately execute their duties ~ outlined in the firesafety plan. (101-31.4.2.3)

12.1.1 Application. New and existing health care occupancies shall comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101.

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12-2.3 Maintenance of Exits.

12-2.3.1 Proper maintenance shall be provided to ensure the dependabil- ity of the method of evacuation selected. Facilities that find it necessary to lock exits shail at all times maintain an adequate staffquMifled to release and conduct occupants from the immediate danger area to a place of safety in case of fire or other emergency. (101-31-4,3) ,

12-2.4 Smoking.

12-2.4.1 Smoking regulations shall be adopted and shall include the following minimal provisions:

(a) Smoking shall be prohibited in any room, ward, or compart ment wfiere flammable liquids, combustible gases, or oxygen are used or stored and in any other hazardous location. Such areas shall be posted with "NO SMOKING" signs.

(b) Smoking by patients classified as not responsible shall be prohibited.

Exception to (b): When the patisnt is under direct supervision.

(c) Ashtrays of noncombustible material and safe design shall be provided in all areas where smoking is permitted.

(d) Metal containers with self-closing cover devices into which ashtrays may be emptied shall be readily available to all areas where smoking is permitted. (101-31-4.4)

12-2.5 Bedding, Furnlshln~, and Decorations.

12-2.5.1 Draperies, curtains, and other similar furnishings and decorations shall be flame resistant. These materials required herein to be tested in accordance with NFPA 701, Standard Method of Tests for Flame Resistant Textiles and Films, shall comply with both small-and large-scale tests.

Exception: For materials that show excessive melting or shrinkage or ongoing " combustion at the junction of the specimen and its holder in the small-scale test, the large-scale test shall be considered applicable in accordance with the test selection provisions ofl-4.2 of NFPA 701. (101-31-1.4.1)

12-2.5.2 Furnishings of an explosive or highly flammable character shall not be used. (101.31-1.4.5)

12-2.5.$ Fire retardant coatings shall be maintained so as to retain the effectiveness of the treatment under service conditions encountered in acmai use. (101-31-1.4.6)

12-2.5.4 Combustible decorations are prohibited in any health care occupancy unless flame-retardant.

Exception: Combustible decorations of such limited quantities that a hoaard of fire development or spread is not present, such as photographs and paintings. (101-31-4.5.4)

12-2,5.5 Wastebaskets and other waste containers shall be of noncombustible or other approved materials. (101-31.4.5.5)

12-2,5.6 Newly introduced upholstered furfiiture within health care occupancies shall be shown to resist ignition by cigarettes as determined by tests conducted in accordance with NFPA 261, Standard Method of Test for Determining Re~tance of Mock-Up Upholstered FurnitUre Material Assembliea to Ignition by Smoldering Cigarettes, and shall have a char length not exceeding 1.5 in. (3.8 cm).

Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected throughout by an approved automatic strdnkle¢ system.(101-31.4.5.2)(101.-31-1.4.2)

12-2.6 Portable Space Heating Devices. Portable space heating devices are prohibited in all health care occupancies.

Exception: Portable space heating devices shall be permitted to be used in nonsleeping staff and employee areas where the heating elements of suo~ ~ v i ~ are limlted to not more than 212~F (100 ~ C). (101-31-4. 7)

CHAPTER 13 RESIDENTIAL BOARD AND CARE OCCUPANCIES


13-1.1 Application. New and existing residential board and care occupanoCs shall comply with'this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101.

SECTION 13-2 OPERATING FEATURF~

13-2.1 Eme~mcy Plan. The administratioi~ of every residential board and care facility shall have in effect and available to all supervisory personnel written copies of a plan for the protection of all persons in the event of fire and for their remaining in place, for their evacuation to areas of refuge and from the building when necessary. The plan shall include special staff actions including fire protection procedures needed to ensure the safety of any resident and shall be amended or revised upon admission to the home of any resident with unusual needs. All employees shall be periodically instructed and kept informed with respect to their duues and responsibilities under the plan. Such instruction shall be reviewed bythe staff at least every two months. A copy of the plan shall be readily available at all times within the facility. (101.31-7.1)

13-2.2 Resident Training. All residen~ participating in the emergency plan shall be uained in the proper actions to take in the event of fire. This training shall include acuons to take if the primary . escape route is blocked. If the resident is given rehabilitation or habilitation training, training in fire prevention and actions to take in the event of a fire shall be a part of the rehabilitation training program. Residents shall be trained to assist each other in case of fire to the extent their physical and mental abilities permit them to do so without additional personal risk. (101-31-7.2)

13-2.$ Fire Exit Drills. Fire exit drills shall be conducted at least twelve times per year, four times a year on each shift. The drills may be announced in advance to the residents. The drill shall involve the actual evacuation ofail residents to an assembly point as specified in the emergency plan and shall provide residents with experience in exiting through all exits required by the Code. Exits not used in any fire drill shall not be credited in meeting the requirements of this Code for board and care homes.

ExcePtion No. 1: Actual exiting from windows shall not be required to meet the req~remous of this section; opening the window and signaling for help shall be an acceptable alternative.

Exception No. 2: I f the board and care home has an evacuation capability rating of "Irapractica~ "those residotts who cannot meaningfully assist in their own evacuation or Who have special health problems need not actively participate in the drill Section 31-4 applies in such instances. (1+01-31-7.3)

13-2.4 Smoking.

13-2.4.1 Where smokingis permitted, noncombustible safety-type ashtrays or receptacles shall be provided in convenient locauons. (101-31-7.4.1)

13-2.5 Fttrnbahin~h Bedding, and Decoration&

13-2.5.1 Draperies, curtains, and other similar furnishings and decorations shall be flame resistant. These materials required herein to be tested in accordance with NFPA 701, StandardMethad of Tests for Flame Resistant Textiles and Films, shall comply with both small-and large-scale tests.

Exertion: For materials that show ex~t~ve melting or shrinkage or ongoing combustion at the junction of the spedmen and its holder in the smaR-scab test, the large-scale test shall be considered a~pllcable in accordance with the test selection provisions of 1.4.2 of NFPA 701. (101-31-1.4.1)

13-2.5.2 New upholstered furniture within board and care homes shall be tested per NFPA 260, Standard Methods of Tests and Classifica- tion System for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered Furniture, and sliail meet the requirements for Class I.

Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by a n approved automatic sprinkler system. (101-31-7.5.2) (101-31-1.4.2(a))

13-2.5.3 New mattresses within board and care homes shall be tested per CFR 16 part 1632 and shall have a char length not exceeding 2 in. (5.1 cm).

Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic spnnklersystera. (101-31-7.5.3) (101-31-1.4.2(c)) ".

CHAPTER 14 AMBULATORY HEALTH CARE CENTERS


14-1.1 Application. New and existing ambulatory health care centers shall comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101.

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NFPA 1 - -A92 TCR 14-2 Operating Feature,,

14-2.1 Portable space heating devices are prohibited in all ambulatory health care occupandes.

Excep.tion: Portable space heating devices shall be permitted to be uaed in nomlesping staff and where eraploy~ areas when the heating elements of such devices are Tim[ied to not more tTta n 212°F (10¢TC). (101-3-1-4. 7)

CHAPTER 15 DETENTION AND CORRECTIONAL OCCUPAN- " cIF_q

SECTION 15-1 GENERAL REQIJIRF2d]gN'I'S

15-1.1 Application. New and existing detention and correctional occupancms shall comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101.

1~2 Operating Features.

15-2,1 Attendants, Evacuation Plan, Fire Exit Drills.

15-2.1.1 Detention and correctional facilities, or those portions of fadlities having such occupancy, must be provided with 24-hour staffing. Staffmust be within three floors or 300 ft (91 m) horizontal distance of the access door of each resident housing area.

In addition, for Use Conditions III, IV, and V, the arrangement shall be such that the staff involved can start release of locks necessary for emergency evacuation or rescue and initiate other necessary emergency actions within two minutes of alarm. (101-31-5.1.1)

15-2.1.2 Provisions shall be made so that residents in Use Conditions III, IV, and V can readily notify staffofan emergency. (101-31-5.1.2)

15-2.1.8 The administration of every detention or correctional facility shall have in effect and provided to all supervisory personnel written copies of a plan for the protection of all persons in the event of fire and for thezr evacuation to areas of refuge and for evacuation from the building when necessary. All employees shall be instructed and drilled with respect to their duties under the plan. The plan shall be coordinated with and reviewed by the fire department legally committed to serve the facility. (101-31-5.1.3)

15-2.1.4 Employees of detention and correctional occupandes shall be instructed in the proper use of portable fire extinguishers and other nianual fire suppression equipment that they may be caned upon to use. With respect to new staff, such training shall be provided promptly upon commencement of duty. With respect to existing staff, refresher training shall be provided at least annually. (101-316.1.4)

15-2.1.5 Books, clothing, and other combustible personal property " allowed in sleeping rooms shall be stored in closable metal lockers or a fire resistant container. (101-31-5.2)

15-2.1.6 The amount of heat-produdnl~ appliances, such as toasters, hot phtes, etc., and the overall use of elecmcal power within a sleeping room shall be controlled by facility administration. (101-31-5.3)

15-2.2 I~lrnlah|n~j~ Bedding and Decorations.

15-2.2.1 Draperies, curtains, including privacy curtains, in detention and correctional occupancies shall be flame resistant. These materials required herein to be tested in accordance with NYPA 701, Standard Method of Tests for Flame Resistant Textiles and Films, shall comply with both small- and large-scale tests.

Exception: For materials that show excessive melting or shrinkage or ongoing combustion at the junction of the specimen and its holder in the small-scale test, the large-scale teat shall be considered applicable in accordance with the test sdeaion provisions ofl-4.2 o f 2WPA 701. (101-31-5.4.1) (101-31-1.4.1)

15-2.2.2 Newly introduced upholstered furniture within detention and correctional occupancies shall be tested per NFPA 261, Standard Method of Test for Determining Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Mate~al Assemblies to Ignition by Smoldenng Cigarettes, and shall have a char length not exceeding 1.5 in. (3.8 cm).

Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces #rotected by an approved automatic spn'nkler systera. (101-31-5.4.2) (101-31-1.4.1(b))

15-2.2.3 Newly introduced upholstered furniture in detention and correctional occupancies shall have limited rates of heat release, as follows:

(a) The peak rate of heat release for the single upholstered furnRure item shall not exceed 250 kW.

Exception No. 1: In Use Condition I, H, and ll"I occupandes, upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by approved smoke detectors that initiate, without delay, an alarm that is audible in that room or space.

Exception No. 2: Upholstend furniture in rooms or spaces proteaed by an approved automatic sprinkl~ system.

(b) The peak rate of heat release for the single upholstered furntmre item shall not exceed 500 kW.

Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces protected by an a/ffroved automatic spd~ler system.

(c) The total energy released by the single upholstered furniture item during the first five nnnutes of the test shall not exceed 75 ~ .

Exception: Upholstered furniture in rooms or spaces proteaed by an approved automatic sprinkler system. (101.31-5.4.2) (101-31-1.4.3)

15-2.2.4 Newly introduced mattresses in detention and correctional occupancies shall be tested per Code of Federal Regula.tions 16, part 1682, and shall have a char length not exceeding 2 m. (5.1 cm).

Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces proteaed by an approved automatic sprinkler system. (101-31-5.4.3) (I01-31-1.4.2(c))

15-2.2.5 Newly intr6duced mattresses in detention and correctional occupancies shall have limited rates of heat release when tested, as follows:

(a) The peak rate of heat release for the mattress shall not exceed 250 kW.

Exception No. 1: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by approved smoke detecto~ that initiate, without delay, an alarm that is audible in that room or space.

Exception No. 2: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic sprinkler system.

(b) The peak rate of heat release for the mam'ess shall not exceed 500kW

Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces proteaed by an appmvM automatic sprinkler systera.

(c) The total energy relegsed by the mattress during the first five minutes of the test shall not exceed 75 MJ.

Exception: Mattresses in rooms or spaces protected by an approved automatic ~nkler system. (101-31-5.4.3) (101-31-1.4.4)

15-2.2.6 Combustible decorations are prohibited in any detention or correctional occupancy unless flame-retardant. (101-31-5.4.4)

15-2.2.7 Wastebaskets and other waste containers shall be of noncombustible or other approved materials. (101-31-5.4.5)

15-2.3 Keys. All keys necessary for unlocking doors installed in means of egress shall be individually identified by both touch and sight. (101-31-5.5)

15-2.4 Portable Space Heating Devices. Portable space heating devices are prohibited. (101-31-5.6)

CJIAFFF, R 16 HOT~J-qAND DORMITORIES


16-1.1 Application. New and existing hotels and dormitories shall comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA I01.


16-2.1 Hotel Emergency Orgnn!~Jaflon.

16-2.1.1 All employees of hotels shall be instructed and drilled in the duties they are to perform in the event of fire, panic, or other emergency. (101-31-6.1.1)

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NFPA I - - A 9 2 TCR

16-2.1.2 Drills of the emergency or~nmization shall be held at monthly intervals, covering such points as the operation and maintenance of the available first aid fire appliances, the testing of ~[uest alerting devices, and a study of instructions for emergency outies. (101-31-6.1.2)

16-2.2 Emergency Dudes.

16-2.2.1 Upon discovery of fire, some or all of these dudes will become immediately imperative, the number and sequence depending upon the exact situation encountered: -

Alarms

Nodfy office.

Notify public fire department.

Notify private fire brigade.

Guests

• Warn guests or others who are or may become endangered.

Assist occupants to safer/, with special attention to aged, infirm, or otherwise incapacitated persons.

Search rooms to be sure all occupants have escaped.

Man all elevators, including those of automatic type, with competent operators.

Extinguishment

Extinguish or control the fire using available first aid equipment.

Send messenger to meetpublic fire department upon arrival in order to direct Iatter to exact]ocation o f fire. (The public fire department is in full command upon arrival.)

Special Equipment

Fire Pumps-~ stand by for instant operation.

Ventilating Equipment - - in case of dense smoke, stand by, operate under proper instructions to clear area affected. .

Refrigerating Equipment m if machines are definitely endangered, shut them down and blow refrigerant to sewer or atmosphere to prevent explosion.

¢

Generators and Motors m protect against water damage with tarpaulins - - shut down motors not needed m keep generators operating to furnish lights, elevator power, etc.

Boilers - - if necessary to abandon boiler room, extinguish or dump fire and lower steam pressure by blowing to sewer or atmosphere to prevent possible explosion. (101.31-6.2.1)

16-2.$ Dormitories.

16-2.$.1 Fire exit drills shall be regularly conducted in accordance with 16-2.$.2 through 16-2.3.5. Drills shall be designed in cooperation with the local authorities. (101-31-6.3.1) (101-31-1.5.1) .

16-2.$.2 Responsibility for the planning and conduct ofdrilis shall be assigned only to competent persons qualified to exercise leadership. (I01.31-1.5.3) •

16-2.3.$ In the conduct of drills, emphasis should be placed upon orderly evacuation under proper discipline rather than speed. (101- 31-1.5.4) -

16-2.3.4 Drills shall include suitable procedures to ensure that all persons in the building or all persons subject to the drill actually participate. (101-31-1.5.5)

16-2.$.5 Drills shall be held at unexpected times and under varying conditions to simulate the unusual conditions that occur in the case of fire. (101-51-1.5.6)

16-2.4 Emergency Imtructlom f o r Res ident s o r Guests.

16-2.4.1 A floor diagram reflecting the actual floor arrangement, exit locations, and room identification shall be posted in a location and manner acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction on or immediately adjacent to every guest room door in hotels and in every resident room m dormitories. (101.31-6.4.1)

16-2.4.2 Fire safety information shall be provided to allow guests to make a d&ision to either: evacuate to the outside; ~ c u a t e to an area of refuge; remain in place; or any combination of the three. (101-31-6.4.2)

16-2.5 Furnlahinma and Decoration.

16-2.5.1 Draperies, curtains, and other similar furnishings and "decorations in hotels and dormitories shall be flame resistant. These materials required herein to be tested in accordance with NFPA 701, Standard Method of Tests for Flame Rezistant Textiles and Films, shall comply with both small, and large-scale tests.

Exception: For materials that show excasive radting or shnnhoge or ongoing combustion at the junction of the spedraen and its holder in the small-scale teat, the large scale test shall be considered applicable in accontance with the ~ t saeaion ~ of1-4.2 o f ~ ' a 7o1. (10lJ1-1.4.1) (10101-6.6.1)

16-2.6 Unvemed fuel fired heaters shall not be used in hotels or dormitories. (101-31-6.7)

CHAPTER 17 APARTMENT BUILDINGS

SECTION 17-1 GF2~aAL R E Q ~

17-1.1 Applicadom New and existing apartment buildings shall comply with this Chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101.


17-2.1 Emergency instructions shall be provided to each living unit on a yearly basis indicating, the location of alarms, existing paras, and acdons to be taken, both in response to a fire in the living unit and in response to the sounding of the alarm system. (101.31-6.5.1)

17-2.2 Unrented fuel fired heaters shall not be used in apartment buildings. (101-31-6.7)

CHAPTER 18 LODGING OR R o o M I N G HOUSES

SECTION 16-1 GENERAL REQLqREMENTS

16-1.1 Application. New and existing lodging or rooming houses shall comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101.


1822.1 Unrented fuel-fired heaters shall not be used in lodging or rooming houses. (101-31-6.7)

CHAPTER 19 ONE- AND TWO-FAMILY DW~.I.I.,INGS

SECTION 19-1 GENERAl.REQUIREMENTS

19-LI Application. New and existing one- and two-family dwellings shall comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101.


19-2.1 Unvented fuel fired heaters shall not be used in residential occupancies.

Exception: Listed and approved unrented fuel-fired heaters in one- and two- family dwellings. (101-31-6. 7)

179

CHAPTER 20 MERCANTILE OCCUPANCIES


20.1.1 Application.

20.1.1.1 New and existing mercantile occupancies shall comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101.

20.1.1.2 Subclasalcetion of Occupancy. Mercantile occupancies shall be subclassified as follows:

(a) Class A. All stores having aggre~.te gross area of more than 30,000 sq ft (2,800 sq m) or utihzing more than three levels, excluding mezzanines, for sales purposes.

(b) Class B. All stores of more than 3,000 sq. ft. (280 sq m) but not more than 30,000 sq ft (2,800 sq m) aggregate gross area, or utilizing floors above or below the street floor level for sales purposes.

Exception to (b): I f more than three floors, excluding nwzzanine$, are utilized, the store shall be Cda.u A, regardless of area.

(c) Class C. All stores of not more than 3,000 sq ft (280 sq m) gross area used for salespurposes on one story only, excluding mezzanines. (101-24-1.2.1)

SECTION 20-2 OPERATING FEATURF~

20.2.1 Drills.

20-2.1.1 In every Class A or B store, employees shall be regularly trained in fire exit drill procedures in general conformance with 31- 1.5.1 of NFPA 101. (101-31-8.1)

20.2.1.2 Employees of mercantile occupancies shall be instructed in the proper use of portable fire extinguishers. (101-31-8.2)

CHAPTER 21 BUSINESS OCCUPANCHLq


21-1.1 Application. New and existing business occupancies shall comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NTPA 101.


21-2.1 Drills.

21-2.1.1 In every building subject to occupancy by more than 500 persons or more than 100 above or below-the street level, employees and supervisory personnel shall be instructed in fire exit drill procedures in accordance with 31-1.5.1 of NFPA 101 and shall hold practice drills periodicailywhere practicable. (101-31-9.1)

21-2.1.2 Employees of business occupancies shall be instructed in the proper use of portable fire extinguishers. (101.$1-9.2)

CHAPTER 22 INDUSTRIAL OCCUPANCIES


22.1.1 Application. New and existing industrial occupancies shhll comply with this chapter and the referenced edition of NFPA 101.

SECTION 22-2 SERVICE STATIONS

22-2.1 General Requirements.

22-2.1.1 Permit Required. (See Section 1-15.)

22-2.1.2 Application.

22-2.1.2.1 This section applies to new and existing automotive and marine service stations, and to service stations located inside buildings.

22-2.1.3 Special Def'mitions. (30A-1-2)

Automotive Service Station. That portion of a property where liquids used as motor fuels are stored and dispensed from fixed equipment into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles or approved containers and shall include any facilities available for the sale and service of tires,


batteries and accessories. This occupancy shall aiso apply to buildings, or portions of buildings, used for lubrication, inspection and minor automotive maintenance work such tune-ups turn ups and brake system repairs. Major automotive repairs, painung, body and fender work are excluded.

Closed Container. A container as herein defined, so sealed by means of a lid or other device that.neither liquid nor vapor will escape from it at ordinary temperatures.

Marine Service Station. That portion of a property where liquids used as fuels are stored and dispensed from fixed equipment on shore, pien, wharves, or floating docks into the fuel tanks of self- propelled craft, and shall include all facilities used in connection therewith.

Service Station Located Inside Buildings. That portion of an automotive service station located within the perimeter of a building or building structure that also contains other occupancies. The service stauon may be enclosed or partially enclosed by the building walls, floors, ceilings, or partitions, or may be open to the outside. The service station dispensing area shall mean that area of the service station required for dispensing of fuels to motor vehicles. Dispensing of fuel at manufacturing, assembly, and testing operations is not included within this definition.

22-2.2 Storage Requirements.

22.2.2.1 General.

22-2.2.1.1 Liquids shall be stored in:

(a) approved closed containers not exceeding 60.gal (227-L) capacity, or

(b) tanks in special enclosures inside buildings as described in 22-2.2.2, or

(c) aboveground tanks supplying marine service stations as provided in 22-2.2.1.4, or

(d) an approved tank that is part of a fuel dispensing system as provided for in 8-3.5 of NFPA 30A, or

(e) tanks located underground as in Section 2-3 of NFPA 30, F lararaable and Combustiblt Liquids Code, or

(0 tanks or containers inside service station buildings as provided for in 22-2.2.3.3 and 22-2.2.3.4 (30A-2.1.1)

22-2.2.1.2 Apparatus dispensing Class I liquids into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles of the public shall not be located at a bulk plant unless separated by a fence or similar barrier from the area in whtch bulk operations are conducted. Aboveground tanks, located at a bulk ~I~) t, shall not be connected by piping to a serv~ce station. (30A-2-

22-2.2.1.$ Class I liquids shall not be stored or handled within a building having a basement orpi t into which flammable .v'.a..pors can travel, unless such area is provided with ventilation that wiu prevent the accumulation of flammable vapors therein. (30A-2-1.4)

, 22.2.2~1.4 Tanks supplying marine service stations and pumps not integral with the dispensing device shall be on shore or on a pier of the solid-fill type, except as provided in (a) and (b).

(a) Where shore location would require excessively long supply lines to dispensers, the authority having jurisdiction may authorize the installation of tanks on a pier provided that applicable portions of NFPA 30, F/ammab/e and Corabust/b/e

Code, Chapter 2, relative to spacing, diking andpiping and Ch:ipter 5, Table 5-5.$.5, relative to electricaiclassifica tion are complied with and the quantity so stored does not

, exceed 1,100 gai (4164 L) aggregate capacity.

(b) Shore tanks supplying marine service stations may be located aboveground where rock ledges or high water tables make underground tanks impractical. (30A-2-1.6)

22-2.2.2 Special Enclosures.

22-2.2.2.1 Enclosure shall be substantially liquid- and vapor-tight without backfill. Sides, top and bottom of the enclosure shail be of reinforced concrete at least 6 in. (15 cm) thick with openings for

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inspection through the top only. Tank connections shall be so piped or closed that neither vapors nor liquid can escape into the enclosed space. Means shall be provided to use portable equipment to discharge to the outside any liquid or vapors that might accumulate should leakage occur. (30A-2-2.2) .

22-2.2.2.2 At automotive service stations provided in connection with tenant or customer parking facilities in large buildings of commer- 'cial, mercantile or residential occupancy, tanks cont,~ning Class I liquids installed in accordance with this Code shall not exceed 6,000 gal (22 710 L) individual or 18,000 gal (68 130 L) aggregate capacity. (30A-2-2.3)

22-2.2.$ Inside Build;nine.

22-2.2.3.1 Except where stored in tanks asprovided in special enclosures, no Class I liquids shall be storedwithin any service station building except in closed containers of aggregate 'capacity not exceeding 12Ogal (454.2 L). One container not exceeding 60gal (227 L) capacity equipped with a listed pump is permitted. (30A-2- 3.1)

22-2.2.3.2 Class I liquids may be transferred from one container to another in lubrication or service rooms of a service station building

~ rovided the electrical installation complies with Table 6 of NFPA 0A and provided that any heating eqmpment complies with this

chapter. (30A-2-3.2)

22-2.2.3.3 Class II and Class IIIA liquids may be stored and dispensed inside service station buildings from approved tanks of not more than 120 gal (454 L) for each class, with an aggregate capacity not exceeding 240 gal (908 L). (30A-2-3.3)

22-2.2.3.4 Class IIIB liquids shall be permitted to be stored in and dispensed from tanks and containers meeting the requirements of Section 2-1 and 4-2 of NFPA 30, Flammable and Corabustible Liquids Code, as applicable inside service station buildings. Unless otherwise proven by test, tanks and containers that contain only crankcase drainings shall be considered to be containing Class IIIB liquids. (30A-2-3.4)

22-2.3 Piping, Valves, and Fittings.

22-2.3.1 General.

22-2.3.1.1 The design, fabrication, assembly, test, and inspection of the pipingsystem shall be in accordance with NFPA 30, Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code. Where dispensing is from a f loa t ing structure, suitable lengths of oil-resistant flexible hose maybe employed between the shore piping and the piping on the floating structure as made necessary by change in water level or shorelihe. (30A-3-I)

22-2.3.I.2 Where excessive stray currents are encountered, piping handling Class I and Class II liquids at marine seryice statiolis ~hall be electrically insulated from the shore piping. (30A-3-2)

22-2.$.1.3 Piping shall be located so as to be protected from physical damage. (30A-3-3)

22-2.3.1.4 A readily accessible valve to'shut off the supply from shore shall be provided in each pipeline at or near the approach to the pier and at the shore end of eachmarincpipeline adjacent to the point where a flexible hose is attached. (30A-5-4), -

22-2.3.I.5 Each fill pipe for liquid storage shall be identified by color code or other marking to identify the product for which the tank is used. The color code or marking shallbe maintained in legible condition throughout the life of the tank installation. (30A-5-6)

22-2.4 Fuel Dispenalng System.

22-2.4.1 Location of Dispensing Devices and Emergency Power Cutoff.

22-2.4.1.1 Dispensing devices at an automotive service station shall be so located that all parts of the vehicle being served will be on the premises of the service station. Openings beneath enclosures shall be sealed to prevent the flow of lealdng fuel to lower building spaces.

Dispensing devices at marine service stations may be located on openpiers,~wharves, floating docks, or on shore, or on piers of the solid-fill type, and shall be located apart from other structures so 'as to

provide room for safe ingress and egress of craR to be fueled. Dispensing devices shallbe in all cases at least 20 ft (6 m) from any acuvity involving fixed sources of ignition. Dispensing devices located inside buildings shall complywith 22-5.5. (30A-4-I.1)

22-2.4.1.2 A clearly identified and easily accessible switch(es) or circuit breaker(s) shall be provided at a location remote from dispensing devices, including remote pumping systems, to shut off thepower to all dispensing devices in the event of an emergency. (30A-4-12)

22-2.4.2 Fuel Dtspe,~dng Devices.

22-2.4.2.1 Class I liquids shall be transferred from tanks by means of fixed pumps designe d and equipped to allow control of the flow and prevent leakage or accidental discharge. (30A-4-2.1)

22-2.4.2.2 Dispe'nsing devices for Class I liquids shall be listed. Existing listed or labeled dispensing devices may be modified provided that the modifications made are "Listed by Report" by an approved testin]g laboratory or as otherwise approved by the authority havingjurisdicuon. Modification proposals shall contain a description of the component parts used m the modification and the recommended methods of installation on specific dispensing devices, and it shall be made available to the auth'ortty'havingjurisdiction , upon request. (30A-4-2.2)

22-2.4.2.3 A controi shall be provided that will permit the pump to operate onl~ when a dispensing nozzle is removed from itsbracket or normalposttion with respect to the diapensing device, and the switch on this dispensing device is manually actuated. This control shall also stop the pump when all nozzles have been returned, either to their brackets or to the normal nondispensing position. (30A-4-2.3)

22-2.4.2.4 Liquids shall not be dispensed by applying pressure to drums, barrels and similar containers. Listed pumps taking suction through the top of the container or listed self-closing faucets shall be used. ~30A-4-2.4) -

22-2-4.2.5 Dispensing devices, except those attached to containers, shall either be mounted on a concrete island or otherwise protected against collision damage by suitable means and shall be securely bolted in place. If located indoors, the dispensing device shall also be located in a position where it cannot be struck by a vehicle that is out of control descending a ramp or other slope. The installation shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's mstrnctions. (30A-4-2.5)

22-2.4.2.6 Hose length at service stations shall not exceed 18 ft (5.5 m) unless approvedby the authority having jurisdiction. All hose shall be listed. When not in use, hose shalIbe so secured as to protect it from damage. (30A-4-2.6)

22-2.4.2.7 A listed emergency breakaway device designed to retain liquid on both sides of the breakawaypoint shall be inst~lled on each hose dispensing Class I liquids. Such devices shall be installed and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

Where hoses are attached to a hose-retrieving mechanism, the listed emergency breakaway device shall be installedbetween the point of attachment of the hose-retrieving mechanism to the hose and the hose nozzle valve.

Exception: Such devices sltall not be required at ma~ne service stations. 00a4-2. 7)

22-2.4.2.8 Dispensing devices used to fill portable containers with home heating fuels shall be located at least 20 ft. (6 m) from any dispensing devices for Class I liquids. Dispensingdevices for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), liquefied natural gas (LNG), and compressed natural gas (CNG) shall also be located at least 20 ft (6 m) from any dispensing device for Crass I liquids. (30A-4-2.8) "

22-2.4.2.9 When maintenance to (~lass I dispensing devices becomes necessaryand such maintenance may allow the acodental release or ignition of liquid, the following precautions shall be taken before such maintenance is begun:

(a) Only. persons knowledageeable in performing the required maintenance shall perform the work.

(b) All electrical power to the dispensing device and pump serving the dispenser shall be shut offat the main electrical disconnect panel.

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(c) The emergency shutoffvalve at the dispenser, if installed, shall be closed.

(d) All vehicle traffic and unauthorized persons shall be prevented from coming within 20 ft. (6 m) of the dispensing device. (30A-4-2.9)

22-2.4.3 Remote Pumping Systems.

22-2.4.3.1 Pumps shall be listed and designed or equipped so that no part of the system will be subjected to pressures above its allowable working pressure. (30A-4-3.2)

22-2.4.3.2 Each pump shall have installed on the discharge side a listed leak detecuon device that will provide an indication if the piping~ and dispensers are not essentially liquidtight. Each leak- detecting device shall be checked and tested at least annually according to the manufacturer's specifications to ensure proper installation and operation. (30A-4-3.3)

22-2.4.3.3 Pumps installed above grade, outside of buildings, shall be located not less than 10 ft (3 m) from lines of adjoining property that can be built upon, and not less than 5 ft (1.5 m) from any building opening.

Where an outside pump location is impractical, pumps may be installed inside buildings as provided for dispensers in 22-5.4.1. Pumps shall be substantially anchored and protected against physical damage. (30A-4-3.4)

22-2.4.3.4 A listed rigidly anchored emergency shutoffvalve incorporating a fusible hnk or other thermally actuated device designed to dose automatically in event of severe impact or fire exposure shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions in the supply line at the base of each individual island- type dispenser or at the inlet of each overhead dispensing device. An emergency shutoff valve incorporating a slip.joint feature shall not be used.The automatic closing feature of this valve shall be checked at • the time of initial installation and at least once a year thereafter by manually tripping the hold-open linkage. (30A-4-3.6)

22-2.4.4 Vapor Recovery Systems.

22-2.4.4.1 Dispensing devices incorporating provlsions for vapor recovery shall be listed. (30A-4-4.1)

22-2.4.4.2 Hose nozzle valves used on vapor recovery systems shall be listed. (30A-4-4.2)

22-2.5 Service Stations Located Inside Bulldln~.

22-2.5.1 Genera l

22-2.5.1.1 A service station is permitted inside a building subject to approval of the authority having jurisdiction. (30A-6-1.1)

22-2.5.1.2 The service station shall be separated from other portions of the building by wall, partition, floor, or floor-ceiling assemblies having a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hr. (30A-6-1.2)

22-2.5.1.3 Interior finish of service stations shall be constructed of noncombustible or approved limited-combustible materials. (30A-6- 1.3)

22-2.5.1.4 Door and window openings in interior walls shall be provided with listed 1 1/2-hr (B) fire doors. Doors shall be self- closing, or may remain open during normal operations if they are designed to close automatically in a fire emergency by provision of listed closure devices. Fire doors shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and Windows. (30A-6-1.4)

22-2.5.1.5 Fire ~ioors shall be kept unobstructed at all times. Appropriate signs and markings shall be used. (30A-6-1.5)

22-2.5.1.6 Openings in interior partitions and walls for ducts shall be protected bylisted fire dampers. Openings in floor or floor-ceiling assemblies for ducts shall be protected with enclosed shafts. Enclo- sure of shafts shall be with wall or partition assemblies having a fire- resistance rating of not less than 2 hr. Openings in enclosedshafts, for ducts, shall be protected with listed fire dampers. (30A-6-1.6)

22-2.5.2 Dispensing Area.

22-2.5.2.1 The dispensing area shall be located at street level, with no dispenser located more than 50 ft (15 m) from the vehicle exit to, or entrance from, the outside of the building. (30A-6-2.1)

22-2.5.2.2 Dispensing shall be limited to the area required to serve not more than four vehicles at one time. (30A-6-2.2)

22-2.5.3 Ventilation.

22-2.5.3.1 Forced air heating, air conditioning, and ventilating systems serving the service station area shall not be interconnected with any such systems serving other parts of the building. Such systems shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of NFPA 9OA, Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Syston~ (30A-6-3.1)

22-2.5.3.2 A mechanical exhaust system shall be provided to serve only the dispensing area. This system shall be interlocked with the dispensing system such that air flow is established before any dispensing device can operate. Failure of air flow shall automatically shut down the dispensing system. (30A-6-3.2)

22-2.5.3.3 The exhaust system shall be designed to provide air movement across all portions of the dispensing area floor, and to prevent the flow of flammable vapors beyond the dispensing area: Exhaust inlet ducts shall not be less than 3 in. (7.6 cm) nor more than 12 in. (0.30 m) above the floor. Exhaust ducts shall not be located in floors, or penetrate the floor of the dispensing area, and shall discharge to a s~fe location outside the building. (30A-6-3.3)

22-2.5.3.4 The exhaust system shall provide ~ntilatiol$ at a rate of not less than 1 cuf t per minute per sq ft ( lm per 3m ' ) of dispensing area. (30A-5-3.4) •

22-2.5.3.5 The exhaust system shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of NFPA 91, Standard for the Installation of Blower and F.rTua~ SystonsforDus~ Stodc and Vapor P.mom/or Con~y/,~ (a0A-5-3.5)

22-2.5.3.6 The above provisions of 22-5.5.3.2 through 22-5.5.3.5 do not apply to a service station located inside a building if 2 or more sides of the dispensing area are open to the building exterior such that natural ventilation can normally be expected to dissipate flammable vapors. (30A-6-3.6)

22-2.5.4 piping.

22-2.5.4.1 All fuel and flammable vapor piping inside buildings but outside the service station area shall be enclosed within a horizontal chase or a vertical shaft used only for this piping. Vertical shafts and horizontal chases shall be constructed of matenals hat ing a fire- resistance rating of not less than 2 hr. (30A-6-4.2)

22-2.5.5 Drainage Systems.

22-2.5.5.1 Floors shall be liquidtight. Emergency drainage systems shall be provided to direct flammable or combustible liquid leakage and fire protection water to a safe location. This may require curbs, scuppers, or special drainage systems. (30A-6-5.1)

22-2.5.5.2 Emergency drainage systems, if connected to public sewers or discharged into public waterways, shall be equipped with traps or separators. (30A-6-5.2) .

22-2.6 Electrical Equipment.

22-2.6.1 Where Class I liquids are stored and dispensed, electrical equipment shall meet Chapter 7 ofNFPA 30A.

22-2.7 Heating Equipment.

22-2.7.1 Heating equipment shall be permitted to be installed in a special room that is separated from an area that is classified as Division 1 or Division 2, in accordance with Table 7 of NFPA 30A, by walls that are constructed so as to prevent the transmission of vapors, that have a fire resistance rating of at least 1 hr., and that have no openings in the walls within 8 ft (2.4 m) of the floor that lead to a classified area. Specific small openings through the wall, such as for piping and electrical conduit, shall be permitted, provided the gaps and voids are filled with a fire resistant material to resist transrmsston of vapors. This room shall not be used for storage of combustible material. All air for ~ombustion purposes shall be taken from outside the building. (30A-8.3)

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22-2.7.2 Heating equipment using gas or oil fuel may be installed in the lubrication or servtce room where there is no dispensing or transferring of Class I liquids, including the open draining of automotive gasoline tanks, provided the bottom of the combustion chamber is at least 18 in. (46 cm) above the floor and the heating equipment is protected from physical damage. (30A-8-4)

22-2.7.3 Heating equipment using ~as or oil fuel listed for use in garages may be installed in the lubrication or service room where Class I liqmds are dispensed or transferred, provided the equipment is installed at least 8 ft (2.4 m) above the floor. (30A-8-5)

22-2.7.4 Electrical heating equipment shall conform to Chapter 6 of NFPA $0A. (30A-8-6)

22-2.8 Operational Requirements.

22-2.8.1 Fuel Delivery Nozzles.

22-2.8.1.I A listed automatic-closing type hose nozzle valve shall be provided on island-type dispensers used for the dispensing of Class I liquids. (30A-9-1.1)

22-2.8.1.2 At any installation where the normal flow of product may . be stopped other than ~ the hose nozzle valve, such as at pre-pay stations, the system shall include listed equipment with a feature that causes or requires the closing of the hose nozzle valve before product flow can be resumed or before the hose nozzle valve can be replaced in its normal position in the dispenser; or the hose nozzle valve shall not be equipped with a latch-open device. (30A-9-I,2.1)

22-2.8.1.$ Overhead-type dispensing devices shall be provided with a listed automatic<losing type hose nozzle valve without a latch-open device.

Exception: A listed automatic-dosing type hose nozzle valve with latch-open device may be used if the design of the system is such that the hose nozzle valve will close automatically in tl~ event the valve is released from a fill opening or upon impact with a driveway. (30A-9-1.3)

22-2.8.1.4 Dispensin~ nozzles used at marine service stations shall be of the automatic-closmg type without a latch.open device. (30A.9-1.4)

22-2.8.1.5 A hose nozzle valve used for dispensing Class I liquids into a container shall be manually held open during the dispensing operation. (30A-9-1.5)

22-2.8.2 Dispensing into Portable Containers.

22-2.8.2.1 No delivery of any Class I or Class II liquid shall be made into portable containers unless the container is constructed of metal or is approved by the authority having jurisdiction, has a tight closure and is fitted with a spout or so designed that the contents can be poured without spoiling. (30A-9-2)

22-2.8.2.2 No sale or purchase of any Class I, Class II, or Class IlI liquids shall be made m containers unless such containers are clearly marked with the name of the product contained therein. (30A-9-2.1)

22-2.8.2.$ Portable containers shall not be filled while located inside the trunk or passenger compartment of a vehicle. (30A-9-2.2)

22-2.8.3 Attendance or Supervision of Disperming.

22-2.8.3.1 Each service station shall have an'attendant or supervisor on duty whenever the station is open for business, who shall dispense liquids into fuel tanks or into containers, except as covered in Sections 8-4 and 8-5 ofNFPA $0A. (30A-9-3.1)

22-2.8.3.2 Listed "self-service" dispensin[~ devices are permitted at service stations provided that all dispensing of Class I liquids by a person other than the service station attendant is under the supervision and control of a qualified attendant.

Exception: See Section 22-5.8.5. (30A-9-3.2)

22-2.8.3.3 The provisions of 2-1.1 ofNFPA 30A shall no'tprohibit the temporary use of movable tanks in conjunction with the dispensing of flammable or combustible liquids into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles or other motorized equipment on premises not normally accessible to the public. Such installations shall only be made 6dth the approval of the enforcing authority..The approval shall include a defimte time limit. (30A.9-3.3)

22-2.8.$.4 The provisions of 2-1.1 of NFPA 30A shall not prohibit the dispensing of Class I and Class II liquids in the open from a tank vehicle to a motor vehicle located at commercial, industrial, governmental, or manufacturin~ establishments, and intended for fueling vehicles used in connecuon with their businesses. Such dispensing may be permitted provided:

(a) An inspection of the premises and operations has been made and approval granted by the authority having jurisdiction.

(b) The tank vehicle complies with the requirements covered in NFPA 385, Standani for Tank Vehides for Flammable and

(c) The dispensing hose does not exceed 50 ft (15 m) in length.

(d) The dispensing nozzle is a listed automatic-dosing type without a latch-open device.

(e) Nighttime deliveries shall only be made in adequatelytighted a r e a s .

(f) The tank vehicle flasher lights shall be in operation while dispensing.

(g) Fuel expansion space shall be left in each fuel tank to prevent overflow in the event of temperature increase. (30A-9-3.4)

22-2.8.3.5 The provisions of NFPA 30A shall not prohibit the dispensing of Class I and Class II liquids in the open from a fuel dispensing system supplied by an aboveground tank, not to exceed 6000 gal 022 710 L), located at commercial, indusu'ial, governmental or manufacturing establishments, and intended for fueling vehicles used in connection with their business. Such dispensing may be permitted provided:

(a) An inspection of the premises and operations has been made and approval granted by the authority havingjurisdictlon.

(b) The tank is safeguarded against collision, spillage, and overfill, to the satisfaction of the authority having jurisdiction.

(c) The tank system is listed or approved for such aboveground use.

(d) The tank complies with requirements for emergency relief vendng, and the tank and dispensing system meet the electrical classification requirements of the Code, and the tank complies with Section 2-1.7 of NFPA 30A, Automotive and Marine Service Station Code.

(e) The tank storage shall comply ~vith NFPA 30, F/ammab/e and Comb~tibleLiquid, Code, Chapter 2. (30A-9-3.5)

22-2.8.4 Attended Self-Service Stations.

22-2.8.4.1 Self-service station shall mean that portion of property where liquids used as motor fuels are stored and subsetjuently dispensed from fixed approved dispensing equipment into the fuel tanks of motor vehicles by persons other than the service station atte'ndant, and may include facilities available for sale of other retail products. (30A-9-4.1)

22-2.8.4.2 Listed dispensing devices such as, but not limited to, coin- operated, card-operated, and remote controlled types are permitted at self-servicestations. (30A-9-4.2)

22-2.8.4.$ All attended self-service stadons shall have at least one attendant on duty while the station is open for business. The attendant's primary function shall be to supervise, observe, and control the dispensingof Class I liquids while said liquids are actually being dispensed. (30A-9-4.3)

22-2.8.4.4 It shall be the responsibility of the attend~mt to (1) prevent the dispensinl~ of Class I liquids into portable containers not in compliance with this secdon; (2) prevent the use of hose nozzle valve latch-open devices that do not comply with this secdon; (3) control sources of ignition; and (4) immediately activate emergency controls and handle accidental spills and fire exfingnishers if needed. The attendant or supervisor on duty shall be mentally and physically capable of pefformin~ the functions and assuming the responsibility prescribedin this sectmn. (30A-9-4.4)

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22-2.8.4.5 Emergency controls shall be installed at a location acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction, but controls shall not be more than 100 ft (30 m) from dispensers. (30A-9-4.5)

22-2.8.4.6 Operating insu'uctions shall be conspicuously posted in the dispensing are& (30A-9-4.6)

22-2.8.4.7 The dispensing area shall at all times be in clear view of the attendant, and the placing or allowing of any obstacle to come between the dispensing area and the attendant control area shall be prohibited. The attendant shall at all times be able to communicate with persons in the dispensing area. (30A-9-4.7)

22-2.8.5 Unattended Self-Service Stations.

22-2.8.5.1 Unattended self-service shall be permitted, subject to the approval of the authority having jurisdiction. Refer to NTPA 30A. (30A.9.$.1)

22-2.8.5.2 Listed dispensing devices shall be used. Coin- and currency-type devices shall only be permitted with the apl~roval of the authority having jurisdiction. (30A-9-5.2)

22-2.8.5.$ Emergency controls specified in 22-5.4.1.2 shall be installed at a location acceptable to the authority havingjurlsdiction, but the controls shall be more than 20 ft (7 m) but less than 100 ft (30 m) from the dispensers. Additional emergency controls shall be installed on each group of dispensers, gmertgency controls shall shut off power to all dispensing devices at the stauon. Controls shall be manually reset only in a manner approved by the authority having jurisdicuon. (30A-9-5.3)

22-2.8.5.4 Operating instructions shall be conspicuously posted in the dispensing area, and shall include location of emergency controls, and a requirement that the user must stay outside of his/her vehicle, in view of the fueling nozzle during dispensing. (30A-9-5.4)

22-2.8.5.5 In addition to those warnin~ signs specified in 22-2.8.9.1, emergency instructions shall be conspicuously posted in the dispenser area incorporating the following or equivalent wording:

Emergency Instructions

In case of fire or spill:

1 ~. Use emergency stop button.

2. Report accident by calling (specify local fire number) on the phone. Report location. (30A-9-5.5)

22-2.8.5.6 A listed, automatic-closing type hose nozzle valve with la~h-open device shall be provided. The system shall include listed equipment with a feature that causes or requires the closing of the hose nozzle valve before the product flow can be resumed or before the hose nozzle valve can be replaced in its normal position in the dispenser. (30A.9-5.6)

22-2.8.5.7 A telephone or other approved, clearly identified means to notify the fire department shall be provided on the site in a location approved by the authority having jurisdiction. (30A-9-5.7)

22-2.8.5.8 Additional fire protection shall be provided where required by the authority havin~jurisdiction. Additional fire protection considerations may mclude such items as fixed suppression systems, automatic fire detection, manual fire alarm stauons, transmission of alarms to offsite locations, and limiting gallonage delivered per transaction. ($0A-9-5.8)

22-2.8.6 DrA;nage and Waste Disposal.

22-2.8.6.1 Provision shall be made in the area where Class I liquids' are dispensed to prevent spilled liquids from flowing into the interior of service station buildings. Suchprovision may be made by grading driveways, raising door sills, or oth-er equally effective means 0A-9- 6.1)

22-2.8.6.2 Crankcase drainings and liquids shall not be dumped into sewers, streams, or upon the ground, but shall be stored in approved tanks or containers outside any buildin~[, or in tanks installedin accordance with Chapters 2 and 3 of th|s Code, until removed from the premiss. (30A-9-6.2) .

22-2.8.7 Sources of Ignition.

22-2.8.7.1 In addition to the restrictions contained in Chapter 8 of NFPA 30A, there shall be no smoking or open flames in the areas used for fueling, servicing fuel systems for internal combustion engines, or receiving or dispensing of Class I liquids. Conspicuous andlegible signs prohibiting smoking shall be posted within sight of the customerbeing served. T h e motors of all equipment being fueled shall be shut off during the fueling operation except for emergency generators, pumps, etc., where continuing operation is essential. (30A-9-7.1)

22-2.8.8 Fire Control

22-2.8.8.1 Each service station shall be provided with at least one listed fire extinguisher having a minimum classification of 40B:C located so that an extinguisher will be within 100 ft (30 m) of each pump, dispenser, underground fill pipe opening, and lubrication or service room. (30A-9-8.1)

22-2.8.9 Signs.

22-2.8.9.1 Warning signs shall be conspicuously posted in the dispensing area incorporating the following or equivalent wording: (a) WARNING - - It is unlawful and dangerous to dispense gasoline into unapproved containers; (b) No Smoking; and (c) Stop Motor. (S0A-9-9.1)

SECTION 22-3 REPAIR GARAGES

22-3.1 General.

22-3.1.1 AppUcalion.

22-3.1.1.1 This section covers the construction and protection of, as well as the control of hazards in, garages used for major repair and maintenance of motorized vehicles and any sales and servicing facilities associated therewith. (88B-1-1)

22-3.1.1.2 Repair garages shall comply with this section and NFPA 88B as listed in Chapter 43. The requirements for existing buildings may be modified by the authority having jurisdiction if their application would be impractical, but only where it is clearly evident that an acceptable'level of safety is provided.

22-3.1.2 Special Definitions. (88B-1-3)

Commercial and Truck Repair Garages. Buildings, structures, or portions thereof used for the storage, maintenance, and repair of commercial motor vehicles or trucks, including fleets of motor vehicles operated by utilities, large businesses, mercantile, rental agencies, and other similar concerns. Facilities for the dispensing of motor fuels are commonly provided in connection with these garages.

Repair Garages. Buildings, structures, or portions thereof wherein major repair or painting or body and fender work is performed on motorized vehic|es or automobiles; includes associated floor space used for offices, parking, or showrooms.

Taxicab and Bus Repair Garages. Buildings, structures, or Eo~ons thereof used for storable, maintenance, and repair of fleets of taxicabs, sedan-limousme-type motor vehicles, or motor buses. Facilities for the dispensing of motor fuels are commonly provided in connection with these garages.

22-3.2 Construction.

22-3.2.1 General Requirements.

22-3.2.1.1 A repair garage shall not be located within or attached to a building or structure used for any purp_o_ se other than a repair garage unless separated by walls or partitions, floors, or floor-ceiling assemblies having a fire resistance rating of not less than two hours. (88B-2-1.3)

22-3.2.2 Internal Subdivisions.

22-3.2.2.1 Any single area occupied for salesrooms, showrooms, 2 offices, or similar spaces 1500 st] ft (139.4 m ) or more in area shall

be separated from vehicle repair or parking areas by walls or partiuons, floors, or floor-ceiling assemblies having a fire resistance rating of not less than two hours. (88B-2-2.1)

1 8 4

N F P A 1 - - A92 T C R

22-3.2.2.2 Any single area occupied for salesrooms, showrooms, offices or similar spaces of 1500 sq ft (189.4 m *) or less in area shall be separated from vehicle repair or parking areas by walls or partiuons, floors, or floor-ceiling assemblies constructed in such a manner as to restrict the passage of smoke, vehicle exhaust gases, and odors from the repair or parking area to these spaces. (88B-2-2.2)

29-3.2.2.3 Parts storage areas exceeding 1500 sq ft (139.4 m *) shall be separated from all other portions of the building by walls, partitipns, floors, or floor-ceiling assemblies having a fire resistance rating of not less than two hours. ~88B-2-2.3)

92-3.2.2.4 Garage occupancies shall be separated from other portions' ofa multitenanted building as required in 99-6.9.1.1. Heating equipment shall be separated or enclosed in accordance with 22- 6.8.1.3 and 99-6.3.1.4. (88B-2-2.4)

22-3.2.3 Floors.

22-3.2.3.1 In areas of repair garages used for repair or servicing of vehicles, f oo r assemblies shall be constructed of noncombustible materials or, if combustible materials are used in the assembly, shall be surfaced with approved noncombustible material. Floors shall be liquidtight to prevent the leakage or seepage of liquids and shall be sloped to facilitate the movement of water, fuel or other liquids to floor drains. (88B-2-3.1)

92-3.2.3.2 In areas of repatr garages where motor fuels are dispensed or where vehicles are serviced, if floor drains are provided, they shall be properly trapped and shall discharge through an oil separator to the sewer or to an outside vented sump. (88B-2-3.2)

29-3.2.3.3 The contents ofoil separators and traps of floor drainage systems shall be collected at sufficiently frequent-intervals to prevent oil from being carried into the sewers. (8813-2-3.3)

22-3.2.4 Pits and Sub-Floor W o r k A r e u .

22-3.2.4.1 Pits and sub-floor work areas shall comply with the following:

(a) Walls, floors and piers shall be constructed of masonry, concrete or other suitable noncombustible material.

(b) Pits shall have adequate exits to prevent trapping of personnel in the event of f re . Steps shall be noncombustible and slipproof and constructed with no accessible space underneath.

(c) Ventilation and drainage of pits and sub-floor work areas shall be in accordance with the provisions of 99-3.3.3.1. (88B-2-7)

99-3.3 Hazards.

99-3.3.1 Heating.

99-3.3.1.1 Heating equipment shall be of an approved typ& Improvised furnaces, salamanders, or space heaters shall not be permitted. (88B-3-Zl.1) - -

92-8.8.1.2 No heater employing an open flame or glowing element shall be installed in parking or repair areas, or areas communicating therewith, except as permitted by the provisions of 22-3.3.1.4 or 92- 3.3.1.5. (8815-3-2.1.3)

92-3.3.1.3 Heating equipment, except as provided in 22-3,3.1.4 and other than suspended unit heaters as covered in 29-3.3.1.5, shall be installed in a detached building or room, separated from motor vehicle repair or parking areas by walls or partitions, floors, or floor- ceiling assemblies having a fire resistance rating of not less than two hours. Openings in walls or partitions separating heater rooms from motor vehicle repair or parking areas shall be restricted to those necessary for heating pipes and ducts and shall be located not less than 8 ft (9.4 m) above the floor; openings for ducts shall be protected with approved,-automatic fire doors or dampers. Air for combustion purposes shall be obtained from outside the building. The heating room shall not be used for storage of combustible materials, except for fuel storage. (88B-3-2.2.1)

22-3.3.1.4 Heating equipment may be installed in motor vehicle repair or parking areas where there is no dispensing or transferring of Class I or II flammable liquids (as defined in NFPA 30, F/ammab/e and Carmb~tible Liquids Code), or liquefied petroleum gas, provided the bottom of the combustion chamber is not less than 18 in. (.5 m) above the floor, the heating equipment is protected from physical

damage by vehicles, and continuous mechanical ventilation is provided at the rate of .75 cfm/sq ft (~75 mS/min per m ~) of floor area. The heating system and the ventilation system shall be suitably interlocked to ensure operation of the ventilation system when the heating system is in operation. (88B-3-2.2.2)

22-3.$.1.5 Approved suspended unit heaters may be used provided they are located not less than 8 ft (2.4 m) above the floor and are installed in accordance with the conditions of their approval. (88B-3- 9.3.1)

99-$.$.1.6 Return air openings in motor vehicle repair or parking areas shall be not less than 18 in. (.5 m) above floor level measured to the bottom of the openings. Continuous mechanical ventilation as required in 92-3.3.1.4 shall be provided when openings are less than 8 ft (2.4 m) above the floor measured to the bottom of the openings. (88B-3-2.4.1)

22-3.$.1.7 Recircuiated air shall not be taken from any floors below grade level. (88B-3-2.4.2)

22+3.$.2 Ventilation.-.

99-3,3.9.I Combined ventilation and headng systems shall not recirculate air from areas below grade level, (88B-3-3.9)

22.3.3.9.9 Below grade areas.occupied for repairing, or communicat-" ing areas located below a repair garage, shallbe continuously ventilated by a mechanical ventilating system having positive means for exhausting indoor air at a rate of not less than .75 cfm/sq ft (.75 mS/rain per m ~) of floor area. An approved means shall be provided for introducing an equal amount of outdoor air. (88B-3-3.3)

22-3.8.2.3 Exhaust duct openings for required ventilation shall be so located as to effectively remove vapor accumulations at floor level from all parts of the repair area. (88B-3-3.4)

22-3.3.3 Repair Areas.

22-3.3.3.1 Pits so arranged that natural ventilation cannot be used shall be provided with an individual ventilating system capable of providing a complete air change every five minutes with the intake located near floor level. (88B-3-4.5.1)

22-3.3.3.2 Cleaning of parts shall be performed with non-flammable solvent.

Exception: A combustible lifuid witl~ a flash point above I O0"F (37. 8 ° Q (closed cup) may be used for thls purpose pwvided adequate ventilation is supplied and no sources of ignition are present in the cleaning area. (88B-3- 4.7.1)

99-3,3.3,3 A device for heating solvents which give offflammable or toxic vapors when heated shall be provided witha limit control to prevent the solvent from exceeding a temperature 50°F (10°C) below the point at which flammable or toxic vapors are released. (88B-3- 4.7.3)

29-3.3.3.4 Direct-fired parts cleaners shall 'not be installed or used below grade, (88B-3-4.7.4)

92-3.3.4 Housekeeping.

92-3.3.4.1 An authorized employee, an officer of the firm, or the owner shall make daily inspections of the garage and shall be responsible for the prompt removal or repair of any hazardous condition, including proper maintenance of equipment and safety devices and the immediate removal of accumulations of combustible materials. (88B-3-6.1)

22-3.3.4.2: Clear aisle space shall be maintained topermi t ready access to and the use of fire fighting equipment. (88B-3-6.2)

29-3.3.4.3 Floors shall be kept clean and free ofoil and grease. Only approved water solutions or detergents, floor sweeping compounds, and grease absorbents shall be used for cleaning floors. (88B-3-6.3)

29-3.3.4.4 Metal lockers shall be provided for employees' clothes. (88B-3-6.4)

92-3.3.4.5 Approved metal receptacles with self-closing covers shall be provided ~tr the storage or disposal of oH-soaked waste or cloths. (88B-3-6.5)

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22-3.S.4.6 Combustible rubbish shall be placed in covered metal receptacles until removed to a safe place for disposal. Contents of such containers shall be refiloved daffy. (88B-~-6.6)

22.3.$.4.7 Smoking shall be prohibited except in designated areas subject to the approval of the authority having jurisdiction. (88B-33 6.7)

22.3.4 Protection.

22-3.4.1 Portable Fire Extinguishers. Approved extinguishers, installed and maintained shall be provided in accordance with Section 6-5. (88B-4-3)

22-3.4.2 Standpipes.

22-3.4.2.1 All repair garages that exceed a height orS0 ft (15.2 m) or have parkin~levels below grade or are unsprlnklered, and more. than one story lnheight shall be prowded with one or more standpipes conforming to the provisions of NFPA 14. (88B-4-4)

22-3.4,3 Employee Instruction.

22-3.4.S.1 Employees of all repair garages shall be instructed with respect to the nnportance of transmittin~ fire alarms promptly and shall be trained in the use of available private fire fighdng facilities. (88B.4-5)

SECrION 22.4 DRY CLt'ANING PLANTS

22-4.1 New and existing dry cleaning plants shall comply with NFPA 32 listed in Chapter 43.

22-4.2 Permits Required. (See Section 1-15.)

CHAPTER 23 STORAGE OCCUPANCIF~q

SECTION 2331 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

2331.1 Application. New and existing storage occupancies shall comply with the referenced edition of NFPA 101.

2331.1.1 Storage occupancies used for the storage of hazardous materials shall also comply with Chapter 27.

SECTION 2332 SPECIAL PROVISIONS

23-2.1 The storage of combustibles up to 30 ft (9.2 m); or the storage of plastics (Group B and C - all configurations; Group A- free-flowing only) up to 30 ft (9.2 m) in height; or storage of Group A plastics (except free-flowing) up to 25 ft (7.6 m) inheight shall complywith this Section and NFPA 231, Standard for GoneralStorags, listedin Chapter 43.

r

Exception: Existing buildings.

2332.2 The storage of combustibles stored over 12 ft (3.7 m) in height on racks shall be in accordance with NFPA 231C, Standard for Rack Storage of Matedalt


SECTION 23-3 AIRCRAFT HANGERS

2333.1 New aircraft hangers shall comply with NFPA 409, listed in Chapter 43.

SECTION 23-4 BULK STORAGE ~.LtTCATORS

23-4.1 Bulk storage elevators shall comply with NFPA 61B, listed in Chapter 43.

SECTION 23-5 PARKING GARAGES .

2335.1 New and existing parking garages shall comply with NFPA 88A, listed in Chapter 43.

SECTION 23-6 TIRE STORAGE

23-6.1 General. . .

23-6.1.1 Storage of tires shall comply with NFPA 231 D," listed in Chapter 43.


23-6.1.2 PermitRequlred. (See Section 1-15.)

CHAPTER 24 ~ )

CHAPTER 25 SPECIAL S T R U ~ AND HIGH RISE BUILD- INGS


25-1.1 Application. New and existing special structures and high-rise buildings shall comply with the referenced edition of NFPA 101 as listed in Chapter 43.

CHAPTER 26 AIRPORTS AND 14T.LrPORTS

SECTION 26-1 CONSTRUCTION AND PROTECTION OF AIRPORT TERMINAL BUILDINGS

26-1.1 Applleadon.

28-1.1.1 Airport terminal buildings shall comply with the requirements of this section and NFPA 416, listed in Chapter 43.

26-1.1.2 This chapter specifies the minimum fire protection ' rectuirements for the consu'uction and protection-of airport terminal bu~dings. (416-1-1.1)

26-1.2 Special Definitions. (416-1-3)

Airport Ramp. Any outdoor area, including aprons and hardstands, on which aircraft may be positioned, stored, serviced, or maintained, irrespective of the nature of the surface of the area.

Airport Terminal Building. A structure used primarily for air passenger enplaning or deplaning, including ticket sales, flight information, bagg~e handling, and other necessary functions in connection with mr transport operations. The term airport terminal building includes any extensions and satellite buildings used for " passenger handling or aircraft flight service functions. Aircraft loading wallcwa D and "mobile lounges" are excluded.

Satellite. A structure which may be adjacent to but separated from the airport terminal building, accessible aboveground or through subway passages and used to provide flight service operations, i.e., passenger check-in, waiting rooms, food service, enplaning or deplaning, etc.

26-1.$ General

26-1.3.1 Aircraft terminal buildings shall be of Type I, Type II, or Type IV construction as defined in NFPA 220. (416-2-1.1)

26-1.3.2 Interior finish shall be limited to that permitted in Class A places of assembly as specified in Chapter 9. (416-2-1.2)

/

26-1.S.$ Below-grade areas or blind spaces in airport terminal buildings shall he protected agai'nst flammable fuel or vapor penetration or shall be mechanicaily ventilated to provide at least four complete air changes per hour. The mechanical ventilation system shall be installedin accordance with Chapters 2 and 3 of NFPA 91, Standard on Blower and Exhaust Systems. (416-2-1.4)

26-1.4 Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning, i

26-1.4.1 Air supply intake and exhaust openings for air conditioning or ventilating equipment serving the terminal building, if located on the ramp side, shall be not less than 10 ft (31 m) above the grade level of the ramp and at least 50 ft (15.3 m) from any point of flammable vapor release. (416-2-2.2)

26-1.4.2 Openings to rooms containing coal-, gas-, or oil-fired equipment, or any rooms containing anyother open flame device, that face the ramp side of the terminal shall be above ramp grade and 50 ft (15.3 m) from any point of flammable vapor release. (]16-2-2.3)

26-1.4.S Stacks or chimneys from a boiler, heater, or incinerator shall terminate at least 20 ft (6.1 m) above ramp grade, and above the roof of the building. Stacks or chimneys from boilers or heaters using solid fuel, or any incinerator shall be fitted with double screening to control fly ash and sparks. Such stacks or chimney s shall be located so the outlet is at least 100 ft (30.5 m) horizontally from any aircraft position or point of flammable vapor release. (416-2-2.4)

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26.1.5 F~Im.

26.1.5.1 If emergency exits discharge directly onto an airport ramp, the doors shall be clearly placarded "Emergency Exit" Only" in letters at least 2 in. (5.1 cm) high. (416-2-3.2)

26.1.6 Fire Protection.

26.1.6.1 Fire hydrants shall b~ provided on both the ramp and street sides of airport terminal buildings. Such hydrants shall be located so that no portion of the terminal building is more than 500 ft (152.5 m) from a hydrant. (416.2-5.3) -

26.1.6.2 Standpipe and hose systems shall be provided for all airport terminal buildings in excess of 2 stories (55 ft (10.7 m)) in height or 100 ft (30.5 m) in shortest horizontal dimension. Such standpipe and

• hose systems shall be Class IIl systems installed in accordance with Section 6.2. (416-2-5.4)

26-1.6.$ Water supply from public or private sources shall be adecluate to supply maximum calculated sprinkler demand plus a mimmum of 500 gal per minute for hose streams. Where sprinklers are not provided, a minimum of 1000 gal per minute at not less than 20 psi residual pressure shall be provided to supply fire department pumpers. The supply shall be available at the rate specified for a period of at least one hour. (416-2-5.5)

26-1.6.4 Means to alert the public fire department or the airport fire station shall be available,through manual fire alarm pull stauons installed in accordance with Chapter 8. (416-2-5.6)

26-1.6.5 Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided throughout the airport terminal building in accordance with Section 6-6. (416.2-5.7)

26-1.7 Covered Plane-Loading PosRlons.

28-1.7.1 Airport terminal buildings having large canopy areas or roofed-over recesses at aircraft loading positions that, m effect, place the aircraft totally or substantially under such canopies or roofs shall have these canopies or roofsprotected by automauc sprinkler systems in accordance wxth NFPA 409. (416-2-6.1)

26-1.8 Windows Facing the Ramp.

26.1.8.1 If windows having large expanses of glass are installed in airport terminal building walls facing the ramp, and if the potential ~ e l spillpoints are within 100 ft of the airport terminal building wall, dr if the distance between the building and the fueling ramp. drainage inlets is less than 100 ft from the exposed wall, the large, expanses of glass shall be protected by properly designed, automatically operated outside spnnklers or spray nozzles capable of thoroughly wetting theglass surface, and installed in accordance with either NFPA 13 or NFPA 15, listed in Chapter 43. (416-2-7.1)

SECTION 26-2 ROOF-TOP I-rlgLIPORT CONSTRUCTION AND PROTECTION

26-2.1 Application.

26.2.1.I Roof-top heliport construction and protection shall comply with this section and NFPA 418, listed in Chapter 43.

• 26.2.2 Main structural support members that would be exposed to a fuel spill shall be made fire resistant using listed materials and methods to give a fire-resistive rating of not less than 2 hours. (418-3- 1)

26.2.5 The landing pad shall be pitched to provide drainage away from passenger holding areas, access points, stairways, elevator shafts, ramps, hatches, and other openings. (418-3-2)

26-2.4 The landing pad surface shall be constructed of noncombus- 0 tible, nonporous materials that are approved. The contiguous buildingroof covering within 50 ft o f the landing pad edge shall have a Class A rating. (418-3.3)

26-2.5 Any pits or otherpenetrations on the roof beneath the landing pad and within I5 ft laterally of the edge of the landing pad shall be equipped with approved raised edges at least 3 in. in height around the opening to prevent entry of fuel. (418-3-4)

26-2.6 At least tw O approved means of egress from the landing pad edge shall be provided and shall be remotely located from each other to the extent practical. (416-3-5)

I

16.2.6.1 For heliports occupied by 50 or morepeople, two approved means of egress from the roof shall be provided and shall be remotely located from each other. For heliports occupied by fewer than 50 people, one approved means of egress from the roof shall be provided. (418-3-5.1)

26-2.6.2 Means of egress from the landing pad and roof shall not obstruct flight operadous.(418-3-5.2)

26.2.7 The helicopter landing pad shall have at least two access points for fire fighting purposes. Access for fire fighting personnel through landing pad egress shall be permitted. (418-$~)

26-2.8 A foam fire protection system shall be designed and installed to protect the pracucal critical fire area (see Table 26.2.8).

Table 26-2.8

Category Helicopter Overall Practical Critical Length* Fire Area

H-1 Up to but not including 375 ft 2 50 ft

H-2 From 50 ft up to but 840 ft 2 not including 80 ft

H-3 From 80 ft up to but 1440 ft 2 not including 120 ft

*Helicopter length, including the tail boom and the rotors.

(418--Table 3-7)

Exception: This requirement does not apply to the foUowing:

1. Parking garages

2. Elevated structures that are not on buildings and are not normally occupiid.

3. Other similar structures. (4183-7) I

26-2.8.1 The discharge rates and minimum amounts of water for foam production for a semifixed system shall be as specified in Table 26-2.8.1.

Exception No. 1: A fixed foam system may be used to satisfy thi~requirement. The discharge ratez for a fixed foam syston shall be O. 10 ~nn/ft" for aqueq~ film-forming foam (~FF), O. 16 ~trm/fl ~ for protein foam, or O. 16 ~tnn/ft ~ for fluoroprotein foam for a duration of S minutes.

Exception No. 2: Two portable foam fire extinguishers having a rating of 20- A: 160-B each may be nsed to satisfy this requirement for ~ H-1. (418-3- 7.1)

(SeeTable 26-2.8.1 Next Page) 1

26-2.8.1 The water supply for the foam system shall be from a reliable source, api~roved by the authority having jurisdiction. (418-3-7.2)

I 26-2.8,1,1 iFire pumps, if used, shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 20, S. tandard for the Installation of Centrifugal Fire Pumps. (418-3- 7.2.1) ~: 26-2.8,1,2 iStandpipes and hose stations, if used, shall be installed in accordanci~ with NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of StandIn'pe and Hose Systems. (416-3-7.2.2)

26-2,8,1,$ Where freezingis possible, adequate freeze protection shall be pt;ovided. (418-3.7.2.3)

26-2,8,2 The foam components shall be installed in a readily accessible area of the heliport and shall not penetrate the primary approach, departure, and transitional surfaces defined in paragraphs 3.], SKand 3L and 13 and 21 of FAA A/C 150/5390-2, Heh~portDesign Adviso 0 Circular. (418-3.7.3)

I

187 ,

NFPA 1 - - A92 TCR

Table 26-2.8.1 Minimum ExflngnlablngAgent Qmmtitiea and Discharge R a t ~

AFFF Fluoropro te in Foam Discharge Discharge

Heliport Water Rate Water Rate Category U.S. Gal gpm U.S. Gal gpm

Prote in Foam Discharge

Water Rate U.S. Gal gpm

H-1 98 49 135 68" 150 75 H-2 220 109 302 151 336 168 H-3 374 187 518 259 576 288

NOTE: Discharge rate may be adjusted slightly to reflect equipment available. Examples:

(1) 190 gpm = 2 hose lines @ 95 gpm each.



(418--Table 3-7.1)

26-2.8.S At facilities where there is more than one landing.pad, the supply of foam available shall be sufficient to cover an inctdent on at least one of the pads. (418-3-7.4)

26-2.8.4 Where fixed foam systems utilizing fixed deck nozzles and / or oscillating foam turrets are installed, system components shall be listed or approved. (418-3-7.5)

26-2.9 If a building with a rooftop heliport is supplied with a standpipe s]tstem, a Class II standpipe shall be extended to the roof level on winch the rooftop heliport is located. Such standpipe systems shall be installed m accordance with NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of. Standp'pe and Hose Systems. (413-3-8)

26-2,10 Where buildings are provided with a fire alarm system, a manual pull station shall be provided for each designated means of egress from the roof. (418-3-9)

26-2.11 Portable Fire Extinguishers.

26-2.11.1 At least one portable fire extinguisher as specified in Table 26-2.11.1 shall be provided for each takeoff and landing area, parking area, and fuel storage area. (418-5-1) "

26-2.11.2 Portable fire extinguishers shall comply With Chapters 1, 4, 5, and,6 of NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers, (418-5-2)

Tabie 26-2.11.1 M|nimum ]~athlgs of Portable Fire Exflngn;i,~hers for Heliport Categories

o

Helicopter Overall Category Length* Minimum Rating

H-1 Up to but not including 4-A:80-B 50 ft

H-2 From 50 h up to, but not 10-A:120-B including, 80 ft

H-3 From 80 ft up to, but not 30-A:240-B including, 120 ft

*Helicopter length, including the tail boom and the rotors.

(418---Table 5-1)

PART V SPECIAL PROCESSES AND MATERIAL HANDLING

CHAPTER 27 HAZARDOUS MATER/ALS AND CHEMICALS

SECTION 2l-I GENERAL PROVISIONS

27-1.1 Purpose and Application.

2/-I . I . I The purpose of this chapter is to provide requirements for the prevention, control and mitigation of dangerous conditions related to the storage of solid and liquid oxidizers and organic peroxide formulations. (See Appendix C fo.r the classification of hazard categories and hazard evaluations.)

2/-I.I.2 The specific requirements in this section shall apply to all solid and liquid oxidizers and organic peroxide formulations.

Exception No. I : Manufaaurlng plant~ where oxidizers are manufaaured. (43,4-1-1.3)

Exception No. 2: O~anic peroxide fonnulations in pmc¢~ areas where they are manufactured or t~ed. (43B-1-1.2)

27-1.2 Special Definitions.

Compatible Material. A material that, when in contact with an oxidizer, will not react with the oxidizer or promote or initiate its decomposition.

Container. Any vessel of 60 U.S. gal or less capacity used for transporting or storing hazardous materials. ($0-1-2)

Deflagration. An exothermic reaction in which the reaction progresses through the unburned material at a rate less than the velocity of sound. (68.1-3)

Detonation. An exothermic reaction characterized by the presence of a shock wave which establishes and maintains the reaction. The reaction zone progresses through the material at a rate greater than the velocity of sound. (68-I-3)

Explosion. The bursting or rupture of an enclosure or container produced by a sudden and violent release of energy from a material or compound as it decomposes, undergoes rapid chemical reaction, or changes from a solid to a liquid. An exploston may result from:

(a) Chemical changes such as rapid oxidation, deilagration or detonation, decomposition of molecules and runaway polymerization;

(b) Physical changes (e.g., pressure tank ruptures). (68-1-3)

Incompatible Material. A material that, when in contact with an oxidizer, can cause hazardous reactions or can promote or initiate decomposition of the oxidizer.

Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). Written or printed material concerning a hazardous material which is prepared in accordance with the provisions of29 CTR 1910.1200.

Organic Peroxide. Any organic compound that contains a'double oxygen or "peroxy" group in its chemtcal structure. (43B-1-5)

Organic Peroxide Formulation. A pure organic peroxide or a mixture of one or more organic peroxides with one or more other materials in various combinations and concentrations. (43B.1-5)

t

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NFPA 1 D A92 TCR

Classification of Organic Peroxide Formulations. For the purposes Exception: Hydrogin peroxide (Classes 2-4) stored in drums shall not be stored of this Code, organic peroxide formulations shall be classified on z iax#zn l~J . (43A-2-4.2) according to the system described in this section. The system is based on the behavior of certain specific formulations in their U.S. 27-2.2.2.1 Svecial care shall be taken to prevent any contamination Department of Transportauon approved shipping containers and of oxidizer~ In storage. (4SA.2-4.2.1) . under conditions of fire exposure. (See AppenchTx C for classification i of Typical Organic Peroxide Formulations.) 27-2.$ Oxidizers in retail storage areas accessible to the public shall

• fie arranged in retail display as described in 27-2.3.1 through 27-2.3.5. /'~1~, I. Those formulations that are capable of deflagrafion, b u t n o t (43A-2-4.3)

detonation. 27-2.$.1 Shelves and vertical barriers shall be placed between

~la,m YL. Those formulations that burn very rapidly and that present incompatible materials and shall be solid and of noncombustible a severe reactivity hazard, construcddn. (43A-2-4.3.1)

Class m . Those formulations that burn rapidly and that present a 27-2.$.2 Solid oxidizers shall not be stored directly beneath moderate reactivity hazard, incompatible liquids. (4SA-2-4.3.2) -

i C!aa. IV. Those formulations that burn in the same manner as 27-2.$.S Shelves shall be limited to 24 in. deep. (43A-2-4.3.3)

ordinary combustibles a r i d which present a minimal reactivity haTard. ! 27-2.$.4 Slorage shall be no greater than 6 ft. high. (43A-2-4.3.4)

Oass V. Those formulations that do not sustain combustion and i that present no reactivity hazard. (43B-1-6) 27-2.$.5 The total amount of oxidizers in all classes shall be limited to

two tons i~ nonsprinldered areas and four tons in sprinklered areas. Oxidizer. Any material that readily yields oxygen or other oxidizing Sprinklers 'shall fie designed for the most severe class of oxidizer

gas, or that readily reacts to promote or initiate combustion of present. I combustible materials. Examples of other oxidizing gase~ include bromine, chlorine, and fluorine. (43A-1-5) ~ , Exception: TMse amounts shall be independent maximums wiawta regard for

proportional amounts for each dass. (24-4.3.3) Clazslfication of Oxidizers. For the purpose of this section, oxidizers ~ , ,

shall be classified according to the system described in this section. 27-2.3.6 The listed quantifies for sprinklered retail sales areas can be The classification is based on the NFPA's Technical Committee on applied to h maximum of two sales areas within one retail store, if the Hazardous Chemicals, evaluation of available scientific and technical two are separated from each other by a fire partition having at least a data, actual experience, and its considered opinion. See definition of 1-hour rating. (4SA-2-4.3.6) oxidizer above. (43A-1-6)

27-2.4 When two or more different classes of olidizers are stored in • OA~ 1. An oxidizer whose primary hazard is that it slightly increases the same ~ea , the maximum quantity permitted shall be limited to

the burning rate but does not cause spontaneous ignition when i t the sum of the proportional amounts that each class bears to the comes in contact with combustlble materials, maximum !permitted for that class. The total of the proportional

amounts shall not exceed 100 percent. (43A-2-5) ~h ,~ 2. An oxidizer that will cause a moderate increase in the

burning rate or which may cause spontaneous ignition of combustible 27-2.5 Sec~ons 27-2.6 through 27-2.9 shall apply as appropriate for materials with which it comes in contact. Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4 storage exceeding the threshold

limits specified in Table 27-2.5. C!a*a S. An oxidizer that will cause a severe increase'in the burning 27-2.2, General Storage Arrangements, also applies to the storage of

rate of combustible materials with which it comes in contact or that Class 1, Cams 2 Cams 3, and Class 4 Oxidizers. will undergo vigorous self.sustained decomposition due to contamina- I don or exposure to heat. Table 27-2.3

. Class 4. An oxidizer that can undergo an explosive reaction due to i Liquid and Solid Oxidizers

contamination or exposure to thermal or physical shock. In addition, 'Threshold Limits the oxidizer will enhance the burning rate and may cause spontaneous ignition of combustibles. Oxidizer Class Threshold Limits (Pounds~

Unstable (Reactive). A chemical that in the pure state, or as Class 1 . 4000 produced or, transported, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, Class 2 1000 condense, or will become self-reactive under conditions of shock, Class 3 I 200 pressure or temperature. Class 4 5 10

27-1.$ Permits Require& (See Section 1-150 27-2.6 C:l~m 1 Oxidizers. b

SECTION 27-2 LIQUID AND SOLID OXIDIZERS 27-2.6.1 The storage of Class 1 oxidizers shall be segregated, cut off, or detached. (43A-3-2.1) ' "

27-2.1 Indoor st0rage of liquid and solid oxidizers shall be in accordance with this secdon and NFPA 43A, listed in Chapter 43. 27-2.6.2 Storage of Class 1 oxidizers shall be in accordance with

Tables 27-2.6.1 and 27-2.6.2. (43A-S-2.2) 27-2.2 General Storage Arrangements.

27-2.6.3 Storage quantities shall be permitted to be four times the 27-2.2.1 The arrangements and quandty of oxidizers in storage shall quantities shown in Tables 27-2.6.1 and 27.2.6.2 if all of the following depend upon their classification, type of container, type of storage conditions are met: (43A-3-2.3) ' (segregated, cutoff, or detached) and fire protection as specified in , succeeding chapters and in the manufacturer's instructions. (43A-2- 27-2.6.3.1 Storage shall be cut offor detached. 4 . ] )

27-2.6.3.2 !Noncombustible containers are used or buildings are 27-2.2.1.1 The arrangement and quantity of oxidizers in storage may noncombustible. be permitted to deviate from the requirements of NFPA 43A when specially engineered fire prevention or fire protection systems 27-2.6.&$ Storage in nonretall occupancies. acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction are provided. (43A-2- 4.1.1) 27-2.6.4 Bulk storage in combustible buildings shall not come in

contact with combustible building members unless the members are 27-2.2.2 Oxidizers shall be stored to avoid contact with incompatible protected by a compatible coadng to prevent their impregnation by materials such as ordinary combustibles, combustible or flammable the oxidizer. (43A-~-2.4) liquids, greases, and those materials that could react with the oxidizer or promote or initiate its decomposition. This shall not include 27-2.6.3 Bulk storage, either in permanent bins or piles, shall be approved packaging materials, pallets, or other dunnage. (43A-2-4.2) separated from all other materials. Bins shall be of noncombustible

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N F P A 1 - - A 9 2 T C R

construction except that wooden bins protected with a compatible coating to prevent impregnation of the combustible material by the oxidizer are permissible. Storage shall be managed to prevent excessive dust accumulation. (43A-3-2.5)

Table 27-2.6.1

Storage of Clam I Oxidizers. Non~rinklered Building

Nonretail Retail Establishment Establishment*

.Building limit (tons) 200 15 Pile limit (tons) 20 2 Pile height fit) 8 6 Pile width (It) 16 8 Maximum distance from

any c o n t a i n e r to a working aisle (fi) 8 4

Distance to next pile (ft) ** ** Distance to wall (ft) 4 4 Distance to incompatible

material (ft) 12 10

Sluni t s : 1 ft = 0 .305m

1

(4SA~Table 3-2 (a))

Table 27-2

Storage Class I Oxidizers. Sprinklered Building

Nonretail Retail Establishment Establishment**

Building limit (tons) 2000 Pile limit (tons) 200 Pile height (ft) 12 Pile width fit) 24 Maximum distance from

any c o n t a i n e r to a working aisle (ft) 12

Distance to next pile fit) *** Distance to wall (ft) 2 Distance to incompatible

material (ft)

30 4 8

12

6

2

8 8

Sluni t s : 1 ft = 0.305 m

*NOTE 1: If the storage is to be considered sprinklered, the sprinkler system shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of Section 3-3.

**NOTE 2: Totals in this column are for storage in those areas of a retail occupancy not accessible to the public, and separated from the sales display area by a minimum of 1-hour fire resistive construction. Storage in retail sales display areas shall be in accordance with Section 2-4.3.

***NOTE 3: Aisle width equal to pile height.

(43A--Table S-2 (b))

27-2.6.6 'Sprinkler protection foi" Class 1 oxidizers in combustible containers shall be m accordance with NFI'A 231, or NFPA 231C, whichever is applicable. For the purpose of apl?l .~ing the require-. ments in NFPA 231 and NFPA 231C, Class 1 oradizers in combustible containers (paper bags or noncombustible containers with removable combustible liners) shall be designated as a Class 1 commodity;, or, when in fiber packs or noncombustible containers in combustible packaging, as a Class 2 commodity;, or, in plastic containers, as a Class 3 commodity. Sprinkler protection shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 18. (43A-3-3)

27-2.7 Class 2 Oxidizers.

27.2.7.1 The storage of Class 2 oxidizers shall be segregated, cur off, or detached. (43A4.2.1)

(SEE Table 27-2.7.1 NEXT PAGE)

27-2.7.2 Cutoffs shall have a fire resistance rating of at least one hour. (43/14-2.2)

27-2.7.$ Storage of Class 2 oxidizers shall be in accordance with Tables 27-2.7.1 and 27-2.7.2. (43A4-2.3)

27-2.7.4 Storage quantifies shall be permitted to be four times the quantities shown fn Table 27-2.7.2 i f all of the following conditions are met: (43A-4-2.4)

27-2,7.4.1 Storage shall be cutoffor detached.

27-2.7.4.2 Noncombustible containers are used or buildings are noncombustible.

27-2.7.4.$ Storage in nonretail occupancies only.

27-2.7.5 Storage in glass carboys shall not be more than two carboys high. (43A4-2.5)

27-2.7.6 Storage in basements is prohibited, except when the oxidizer is stored in fixed tanks. (43A-4-2.6)

27-2.7.7 Fire Safety Conswu~don Features.

27-2.7.7.1 Construction materials that may be in c6nmct with oxidizers, all cutoff partitions, and all conswuction in stories or basements below storage of liquid oxidizers shall be noncombustible. (43A4.3.1)

27-2.7.7.2 Storage areas for oxidizing materials in combustible containers shall be provided with means to vent fumes in a fire emergency. (43A4.3.2) .

(SEE Table 27-2.7.2 NEXT PAGE)

27-2.7.8 Sprinkler protection for Class 2 oxidizers in combustible containers shall be designed to provide a water density of 0.2 gpm per sqft (8.2 L per rain per m 2) over any, including the most remote

2 8750 sq ft ($48 m ) area. Sprinkler protection shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13. (43A4.4)

27-2.7.9 Detached Storage.

27-2.7.9.1 To be considered detached, a sprinklered building for storage of Class 2 oxidizers shall be a minimum of 35 feet (10.7 m) from other buildings and from a line of property which may be built upon. (43A4-5.1)

27-2.7.9.2 To be considered detached, a nonsprinklered bui]dingfor storage of Class 2 oxidizers shall be located no less than 50 ft (1573 m) from other buildings or a line of property which may be built upon. (43A4-5.2)

27-2.8 ~ 50xidizeng

27-2.8.1 The storage of Class 3 oxidizers shall be segregated, cut off, or detached. (43A-5-2.1)

Exception: Stora~for sodium chlorate, potassium cMorate, sodium brornat6 potassium bromate, and ammonium dichromate shall only be cut-off or detad~ not segregated.

27-2.8.2 Class 3 oxidizer storage shall be on the ground floor only. (43A-5-2.2)

27-2.8.8 Cutoffs shall have a fire resistance rating of at least two hours. (45A-5-2.3)

27-2.8.4 Storage of Class 3 oxidizers shall be in accordance with Tables 27-2.8.l-and 27-2,8.2. (43A-5-2.4)

27-2.8.5 Storage quantities shall be permitted to be two times the quantities shown in Tables 27-2.6 and 27-2.8.2 ff all of the following conditions ~ e met:

(a) Storage shall be cutoff or detached.

190

N F P A 1 - - A92 T C R

Table 27-2.7.1

Segregated Storage Cutoff Storage

Process Plant Retail* Process Plant Retail* General Warehouse Establishment General Warehouse Establishment

Detached Storage

Building limit (tons) 50 10 200 15 300 Pile limit (tons) 10 1 20 2 30 Pile he igh t (ft) 6 4 '8 8 8 Pde width (ft) 8 8 12 8 16 M a x i m u m d i s t a n c e f r o m

any conta iner to a working aisle fit) ' 4 4 6' 4 . 8

Distance to nex t pile (ft) ** ** ** ** ** Distance to wall (ft) 4" 4, 4 4 4 D i s t a n c e to i n c o m p a t i b l e

material (ft) 12 12 *** *** ***

SI units: 1 ft = 0 . 3 0 5 m

*NOTE l: Totals in this co l umn are for s torage in those areas o f a retail occupancy not accessible to the public, and separa ted f rom the sales display area by a m i n i m u m of 1-hour fire resistive construct ion. Storage in retail sales display areas shall be in accordance with Sec- tion 2-4.3.

**NOTE 2: Aisle width equal to pile height .

***NOTE 3: Not permi t ted by definition.

" (43A--Table 4-2(a))

Table 27-2.7.2


Process Plant Retail**, Process Plant Retail** General Warehouse Establishment General Warehouse Establishment

Detached Storage

Building limit (tons) Pile limit (tons) Pile height*** (ft) Pile width (ft) M a x i m u m d i s t a n c e f r o m

any conta iner to a work-' ing aisle (ft)

,Distance to nex t pile (ft) Distance to wall (ft) D i s t a n c e to i n c o m p a t i b l e

material (ft)

100 20 1000 30 20 2 100 5

8 6 8 8 16 8 25 8

2000 2 0 0 -

12 25

8 4 12 6 12

2 2 2 2 2

12 12 ***** ***** *****

SI units: 1 ft = 0.305 m

*NOTE 1: If the s torage is cons idered to be spr inklered, the spr inkler sys tem shall be des igned in accordance with the r e q m r e m e n t s of Section 4-4.

**NOTE 2: Totals in this co lumn are for s torage in those areas of a retail occupancy not accessible to the public, and separa ted f rom the sales display area by a m i n i m u m of 1-hour fire resistive construct ion. Storage in retail sales display areas shall be in accordance with Section 2-4.3.

***NOTE 3: M a x i m u m storage he igh t shall be pe rmi t t ed to be 12 ft if s torage on racks has in-rack spr inklers at the 6-ft level ~esignecl to supply 6 heads with a m i n i m u m of 30 psi.

****NOTE 4: Aisle width equal to pile height . t

*****NOTE 5: Not pe rmi t t ed by definition. -"

(43A--Table 4-2 (b))

191

NFPA 1 - - A92 TCR

Table 27-2.8.1


Process Plant Retail* Process Plant Retail* General Warehouse Establishment General Warehouse Establishment

Detached Storage

Building limit (tons) Pile limit (tons) Pile height (fi) Pile width (ft) Max imum dis tance from

any container to a woi'k- , ing aisle (ft)

Distance t 9 next pile (ft) Distance to walt (ft) Distance to incompat ib le

material (It)

20 10 100 15 200 5 1.0 10 2 30 6 . 4 6 6 6 8 4 t2 8 12

4 4 8 4 8 * * * * * * * * * *

4 4 4 4 4

12 12 *** *** ***

Sl units: 1 fi = 0.305 m

*NOTE 1: Totals in this column are for storage in those areas of a retail occupancy not accessible to the public, and separated from the sales display area by a minimum of l -hour fire resistive construction. Storage in retail sales display areas shall be m accordance with 2-4.3.

**NOTE 2: Aisle width equal to pile height. ***NOTE 3: Not permitted by definition.

(43A--Table 5-2(a))

(b) Noncombustible containers are used or buildings are noncombustible.

(c) Storage in nonretail occupancies. (43A-5-2.5)

27-2.8.6 Storage in glass carboD shall be one carboy high. (43A-5- 2.6)

27-2.8.7 Bulk storage in open bins or pries is not permitted. (43A-5- 2.7)

27-2.8.8 The provisions of Tables 27-2.8.1 and 27-2.8.2 do not apply to the quantity and arrangement of Class 3 oxidizers in retail areas accessible to the public. They shall be in accordance with 27-2.2.

27-2.8.9 Firesafety Construction Features.

27-2.8.9.1 Buildings used for the storage of liquid Class 3 oxidizers shall be without basements. (43A-5-3.1)

27-2.8.9.2 Construction materials that maybe in contact with oxidizers shall be noncombustible. (45A-5-3.2)

27-2.8.9.$ Storage areas for oxidizers in combustible containers shall 3be..3rrovided with means to vent fumes in a fire emergency. (43A-5-

27-2.8.10 Sprinkler Protection.

27-2.8.10.1 Sprinkler protection for Class 3 oxidizers shall be designed to provide a water density of 0.35 gpm per sq ft (14.3 L per rain per m 2) over any, including the most remote 5000 sq ft (464 m~), area. If storage is in racks, intermediate sprinklers over each level of storage spaced on 8 ft (2.4 m) centers shall be provided.

Sprinkler protection shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13. (43A-5-4.1) ,

27-2.8.10.2 Sprinkler protection for Class 3 oxidizers in noncombustible containers shall be provided in accordance with preceding statement. (43A-5-4.2)

Exception: Area of coverage shall not exceed 3, 750 sq f l (348.4 mS).

(SEE Table 27-2.8.2 NEXT PAGE ,TOP)'

27-2.8,11 Detached Storage.

27-2.8.11.1 To be considered detached, a spr]nklered building for storage of Class 3 oxidizers shall be a minimum ofS0 ft (15.3 m) from other buildings and from a line of property which may be built upon. (43A-5-5.1)

27-2.8.11.2 To be considered detached, a nonsprinklered building for storage of Class 3 oxidizers shall be located no less than 75 ft (22.9 m) from other buildings or a line of property which may be buil t upon. (43A.6-5.2)

27-2.9 Class 4 Oxidizers.

27-2.9.1 The storage of Class 4 oxidizers shall be detached. (43A-6- 2.1)

27-2.9.2 Storage in glass carboys shall be one carboy high. Storage in drums or in containers or in cases shall not exceed the limits outlined in Table 27-2.9.1. (43A-6-2.2)

Table 27-2.9.1

Nonsprinklered Sprinklered Building Building

Piles Length (It) 10 10 Width (ft) 4 4 Height (ft) 4 8 Dis tance to next

pile (ft) 6 8 Quant i ty Limit per

building (tons) 1 No Limit

SI units: 1 ft = 0.305 m; 1 ton = 0.907 metric ton.

(43A~Table 6-2)

27-2.9.8 Bulk storage in uncontained piles or fixed bins is not permitted. (43A-6-2.3)

27-2.9.4 Fire Safety Construction Features and Building Location.

27-2.9.4.1 Buildings shall be one story without basement. Consu'uction materials that may bc in contact with oxidizers shall be noncombustible. (43A-6-3.1)

27-2.9.4.2 Storage areas shall be provided with means to vent fumes in an emergency. (43A-6-3.2)

27-2.9.4.3 A storage bulldin~ or storage tank shall be located not less than the minimum distance m Table 27-2.9.2 from flammable liquid

192

NFPA I --A92 TCR

Table 27-2.8.2

Segregated Storage Cutoff Storage Process Plant Retail** Process Plant Retail**

General Warehouse Establishment General Warehouse Establishment

Detached Storage

Building hmit (tons) 50 20 500 30 1500 Pde limit (tons) 10 2 30 4 100 Pile height*** (ft) 5 5 5 5 5 Pile width (ft) 12 8 16 8 20 Max imum dis tance from • any container to a work-

ing aisle (ft) 8 4 10 6 10 Distance to next pile (ft), **** **** **** **** **** Distance to wall (.ft) 2 2 2 2 2 Distance to incompat ib le

material (ft) , 12 12 ***** ***** *****

Sluni ts : 1 ft = 0 .305m

*NOTE 1: If the storage is considered to be sprinklered, the sprinkler system shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of Section 5-4.

**NOTE 2: .Totals in this column are for storage in those areas of a retail occupancy not accessible to the public, and separated from the sales display area by a minimum of 1-hour fire resistive construction. Storage in retail sales display areas shall be in accordance with 2-4.3.

***NOTE 3: ' Maximum storage height shall be permitted to be 10 ft if storage~ on racks has in-rack sprinklers at the 5 ft level designed to supply 6 heads with a mimmum of 30 psi.

****NOTE 4: Aisle width equal to pile height. *****NOTE 5: Not permitted by definition.

(4$A--Table fi-29b))

storage, combustible material in the open, and from any inhabited building, tank, pas~nger railroad, public highway or property line. (4~A.6-~.3)

Table 27-2.9.2

Weight of Class 4 Oxidizer Distance (pounds) (feet)

over 10 to 100 75 101 to 500 100 501 to 1,000 125

1,001 to 3,000 200 3,001 to 5,000 300 5,001 to 10,000 400

over 10,000 Subject to approval by the a u t h o r i t y h a v i n g jurisdiction.'

S luni ts : 1 fi = 0 .305m; 1 lb = 0 .454kg

*Larger quantity storage distances should be determined on an individual basis by the authority hawng jurisdiction. Where two tanks are not separated from each other by the "Distance to next pile" in Table 6-2, the total contents of both tanks shall be considered when applying Table 6-3.

(43A--Table 6-3)

27-2.9.4.4 Sprinkler protection for Class 4 oxidizers shall be installed on a deluge sprinkler system to provide a density of 0.35 gal /min. / f t ~ over the entire storage area. Sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 13.

SECTION 27-8 ,ORGANIC PEROXIDE FORMULATIONS

27-8.1 Indoor Storage.

27-8.1.1 Indoor storage of organic pero~de formulations shall be in accordance with the provisions of this section and NFPA 43B as listed in Chapter 43.

27-8.1.2 Class I organic peroxide formulations are not permitted in public assembly, educational or health care or detention and correctional occupancies or in classrooms of business occupancies used for adult instruction.

Exception: Arrangements approved by the authority having jurisdiction.

27-8.2 All storage areas containing organic peroxide formulations shall be conspicuously identified b~ the words "Organic Peroxides" and by the class, as defined in Secuon 27-1.2. (43B-2-I)

27-3.2.1 When organic peroxide formulations having different c !a~ca - tiom as defined by Secdon 27-1.2 are stored in the same area, the area shall be marked for the most severe class present. (43B-2-1.1)

27-3.2.2 Packages containing organic peroxide formulations shall be individually marked with the chemical name of the organic peroxide or with other information, suitable and adequate to allow proper area classification as required by this section. (43B-2-1.2)

27-8.2.3 Packages 'containing organic peroxide formulations that require temperature control shall be marked with the recommended storage temperature range. (43B-2-1.3)

27-3.3 General Storage Requirements.

27-3.3.1 Storage shall be arranged to facilitate manual access and handling, to maintain pile stability, to minimize breakage and spillage, and to promote good housekeeping. (43B-2-12.1)

27-3.3.2 A dear space of at least 2 R (.6 m) shall be maintained between organic peroxide storage and uninmlated metal walls. (43B-2-12.2)

27-3.3.3 Incompatible materials shall not be stored in the same storage area with organic peroxide formulations. (43B-9-12.3)

193

N F P A 1 - - A 9 2 T C R

Exception: As permitted in acwrdance with 27-3.5.2.2.

27-3.$.4 Only closed containers and packages shall be permitted in storage areas. (43B-2-12.4)

27.&&5 Bulk storage in bins or piles shall not be permitted. (43B-2-12.5)

27-3.3.6 Storage of Chss V organic peroxide formulations need only meet the requirements of NFPA 231, or NFPA 231 C, as applicable. (43B-2-12.6)

27-3.3.7 Storage of Class IV organic peroxide formulations shall meet the following requirements: (43B-2-1x2.7)

(a) "Bags, drums, and other containers and packages shall not be stored more than 10 ft (5 m) high. Pile width shall not exceed 16 ft (5 m).

(b) " At least one main aisle, at least 4 ft (1.2 m) wide, shall be provided to divide the storage area. All other aisles shall be not less than 3 ft wide (0.9 m).

27-3.3.8 Storage of Class III and Class II formulations shall meet the following requirements: (43B-2-12.8)

(a) Bags and other containers and packages shall not be stored more than 8 ft (2.4 m) high..lh'le width shall not exceed 8 ft(2.4m).

(b) 55-gal (208-L) drums shall be stored one high only.

(c) At least one main aisle, at least 6 ft (1.8 m) wide, shall be provided to divide the storage area. All other aisles shall be not less than 4 ft (1.2 m) wide.

27-3.3.9 Storage of Class I formulations shall meet the following requirements:

(a) Bags, drums, and other containers and packages shall not be stored more than 6 ft (1.8 m) high. Pile width shall not exceed 4 ft (1.2 m).

(b) At least one main aisle, at least 8 ft (2.4 m) wide, shall be provided to divide the storage area. All 6ther aisles shall be

"not less than 4 ft (1.2 m) wide. (43B-2-12.9)

27-3.4 Storage T:!raital]otm.

27-3.4.1 Storage of organic peroxide formulations shall be limited to those areas within the scope of this Code. The maximum allowable quantities of organic peroxide formulations that can be stored in a single area or building shall depend on the ciassificadon of the formulations and the classificauon of the storage facility, as set forth in Table 27-3.4.1. (43B-2-11.1)

Table 27-3.4.1

Detached Storage Minimum

Segregated Cut-Off Separation*** Class AS Storage Storage 50 ft 100 ft 150 ft

I NS 0 0 1,000 4,000 10,000 AS 0 2,000* 2,000 20,000 175,000

II NS ' 0 2,000 20,000 80,000 500,000 AS 4,000 50,000 100,000 200,000 UNL

III NS 1.500 S,000** 70,000 200,000 750,000 AS 50,000 100,000 200.000 UNL UNL

IV NS 100,000 200,000 300,000 500,000 1,000,000 AS UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL

V NS/,AS UNL UNL UNL UNL UNL

*Interior walls must have a blast resistance of 3 psig. Exterior walls shall be provided with deflagration vents. (See Chapter 4.)

**May be increased to 20,000 Ib if the walls or partitions providing the cutoff have a fire resistance of at least four hours.

***Minimum separation means the distance from the property line which is or can be built upon, including the oppositeside of a public way or from the nearest important building on the same property.

UNL -- Unlimited NS -- Nonsprinklered AS -- Automatic sprinkler protection provided.

ForSl Units: 1 lb = 0.454 kg; 1 ft = 0305 m.

(43B---Table 2-1 I)

27-3.4.2 When two or more different classes of organic peroxide formulations are stored in the same area. the mammum quantity

• permitted shall be limited to the sum of the proportional amounts that each class bears to the maximum Permitted for that class. The total of the proportional amounts shall not exceed 100 percent. (43B-2-11.3)

274.4.$ The quantities of organic peroxide formulations in storage may deviate from the requirements of this section and other sections of this code only when the storage area is protected by a specially engineered fire protection system acceptable to the authority having junsdiction. The adequacy of any such system shall be supported by appropriate technical documentation. (4315-2-11.4)

27-3AA Organic peroxide formulations shall not be stored where they may be exposed to explosive materials. (43B-2-11.5)

ff/-3A.~ Where required by other provisions of this code, automatic sprinklers and water spray systems shall be designed and installed according to the requirements of NFPA 15, and NFPA 15, and shall provide the following discharge densitiei: (43B-2-9.2)

Class I 0.40 gpm/sq ft (16.3 Lpm/m~) Class II 0.35 gpm/sq ft (14.$ Lpm/m~) Class IlI 0.30 gpm/sq ft (12.2 Lpm/m~) Class IV 0.25 gpm/sq ft (10.2 L p m / m ~)

27-3.4,6 The system shall be designed to provide the required discharge density over a 3000-s q ft (279-m ~) area or over the entire area of any building of less than 3000 sq ft (279 mS). (4313-2-9.2.1)

27-3.5 This section shall apply to the storage of organic peroxide formulations where stored under segregated conditio'" " ns as defined in Section 27-1.2 of this code and in quanuties not exceeding those shown in Table 27-3.4.1 and Table 27-5.7.1.3, (45B-3-1)

27-3.5.1 If there are any floors or open spaces located below the organdie peroxide storage area, the floor of the storage area shall be made watertight and shall be provided with drainage that leads to a safe location. Every means shall be taken to ensure that spilled material cannot run down into areas below the organic peroxide storage area. (43B-3-3)

27-3.5.2 Storage Arrangement.

27-3.5.2.1 A minimum 8-ft (2.4-m) clear space shall be maintained between organic peroxide storage and any other storage. (4313-3-4;1)

27-5.5.2.2 Flammable liquids or incompatible materials shall not be stored within 25 ft (7.6 m) of the orgamc peroxide storage area unless separated by a fire barrier having a fire resistance sating of at least one hour, as measured by the procedure described in NFPA 251, and sealed or curbed where necessary. (43B-3-4.2)

27-3.5.2.3 Segregated storage areas shall meet all applicable requirements of NFPA 931, or NFPA 231C, as applicable. (43B-3-4.3)

27-3.5.2.4 A clear space of at least 4 ft (1.2 m) shall be maintained between organic peroxide storage and any walls of combustible or limited-combustible consu'uction. (See Section 5-2.) (43B-3-4.4)

27-3.6 This section shall apply to the storage of organic peroxide formulations where s toredunder cut-off conditions as defined in Section 27-3.2 of this code and in quantities not exceeding those shown in Tables 97-5.4.1 and 27-3.7.1.3. (43B-4-1)

27-5.6.1 Fire Safety Construction Features.

27-5.6.1.1 Cut.offstorage areas shall be single stow, without basements or crawl spaces. (43B-4-3.1)

27-5.6.1.2 Where Class I organic peroxide formulations are stored, internal walls shall be capable of withstanding without failure an

• internal overpressure of 3 psig (20.7 kPawage). (43B-4-3.2)

27-3.6.2 Where any Class I, Class II or any refrigerated organic peroxides are stored, any wall, roof, or ceiling which exposes another occupied building shall be cap.able of withstanding an internal pressure of 125 psi" (6 kPa) Without failure. (43B-4-3.3)

27-3.6.3 For Class I, Class 1"I, or any refrigerated Class III organic peroxide formulation, the storage area shall be provided with deflagration vents at a ratio of not less than one square foot of free

2 S vent area to 50 cuf t (1 m / g m ) of building or room volume. (43B.4- 5.3.1)

194

NFPA I A92 TCR 27-3.6.4 An~ w~.s common with another building shall have a fire resistance otat least two hours. (43B-4-3.4)

27-3.6.5 Any door or window openings in such walls shall be protected by approved fire doors and fire windows suitable for the opening and installed according to NFPA 80. (43B-4-3.4.1)

27-3.6.6 The storage area shall be provided with vents to discharge decomposition gases. Roof vents, eave vents, louvers, etc. are acceptable. The vent ratio for decomposition vents shall be not less than I sq ft of free vent area to 100 sq .it (1 m*/100 m 2) of floor area.

Exception: This requin~,nt does not apply to buildings where temperature control is maintained. (43B-4-3.5)

27-5.6.7 A clear space of at least 4 ft (1.2 m) shall be maintained between organic peroxide storage and any walls of combustible or limited-combustible construction. (43B-4-4)

27-3.7 This section shall apply to the storage of organic peroxide formulations where stored under detached condiuons as defined in Section 27.3.2 in quantities and at separation distances as specified in Table 27-3.4.1. (43B-5-1) ' "

27-3.7.1 Building Location.

27-3.7.1.1 Detached storage buildings shall be separated from normally occupied buildings and from property lines by the distances specified in Table 27.3.4.1. (43B-5-3.1)

27-3.7.1.2 For Classes II, III, and IV organicperoxide formulations, detached storage buildings shall be separatedfrom each other by at least 50 ft (15,3m) if the total quantity stored exceeds the maximum limit allowed in Table 27-3.4.1. (43B-5-3.2)

27-3.7.1.$ For Class I organic peroxide formulations, detached storage buildings shall be separated from each other in accordance

, with Table 27-3.7.1.3. (43B-Table 5-3.3)

Table 27-3.7.1.3

NS Quantity, lb 1,00.0' "4,000 10,000 Distance, ft 20 75 100

AS Quantity, lb 2,000 " 20,000 175,000 Distance, f.t 20 75 100

For SI units: 1 lb = 0.454 kg. 1 ft = 0.305 m

(43B--.Table 5-3.3)

27-3.7.2 F'n'e Safety Construction Features.

27-3.7.2.1 Detached storage buildings shall be single story, without basement or crawl space. (43B-5-4.1)

27-5.7.2.2 Nonsprinklered buildings for storing more than 5000 lb (2270 kg) of organic peroxide formulations shall meet the following requirements:

(a) Construction materials shall be noncombustible.

(b) "Roofs shall be of light-weight construction, suitably insulated. (43B-5-4.2)

27.3.7.2.3 The storage building shall be provided with vents to discharge decomposition gases. Roof vents, cave vents, louvers, etc. are acceptable. The vent ratio for decomposition vents shall be not

2 t r less than 1 sq ft of fre'e vent area to 100 aq ft (1 m / 1 0 0 m ) of fioo area.

Exception: This requirement does not apply to buildings where temperature control is maintained. (43B-5-4.3)

27-3.7.2.4 For storai{e of Class I and II organic peroxide formulations, the storage braiding shall be provided with defiagration vents. (43B-5-4.4)

27-3.7.2.5 Sun shields shall be permitted to be used for detached storage buildings in those areas where the temperature inside the storage building may approach or exceed the maximum recommended storage temperature. (43B-5-4.5)

27-3.7.3 Storage An-angement.

27-3.7.3.1 No incompatible materials shall be stored in the same detached storage building with organic peroxide formulations. (43B- 5-5.1)

• 27-3.7.3.2 Where flammable or combustible liquids are stored with organic peroxide formulations, the requirements of Chapter 28 shall apply where they are more restrictive than this chapter. (43B-5-5.1.1)

27-3.7.3.$ Where required for Class I formulations in quantities exceeding 2000 Ib (908 kg), automatic sprinkler protection shall be open head deluge type, designed and installed in accordance with NFPA 13. (43B-5-6.1)

27-3.8 In addition to the provisions of section 27-3, exterior storage areas for organic peroxide formulations exceeding the maximum quantifies specified in Table 27-3.4.1 shall be located in a minimum distance orb0 ft from other hazardous material storage.

CHAFFER 28 FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS

S E C T I O N 28-1 GENERAL P R O V I S I O N S

2&1.1 Application.

28-1.1.1 All flammable and combustible liquids covered by this chapter shall comply with the requirements of this chapter and NFPA 30, Flammable and C0m/mstible L/qu/ds Code, listed in Chapter 43.

NOTE: NFPA 30 contains additional provisions for design and operations of flammable and combustible liquidfacilities.

28-1.1.2 This chapter applies to all flammable and combustible liquids, except those'that are solid at 100°F (37.8°C) or above. (30.1- 1 .1 )

28-1.1.3 Additional recjuirements maybe necessary for the safe storage and use of liquxds that have unusual burning characteristics, that are subject to self-ignition when exposed to the air, that are highly reactive with other substances, that are subject to explosive decomposition, or have other special properties that dictate safeguards over and above those specified for a normal liquid of similar flash point classification. (30-1-1.4)

28-1.1.4 Existing plant% equipment buildings, structures, and installations for storage, handling, or use of flammable or combustible liquids that are not in strict compliance with the terms of this Code may be continued in use at the discretion of the authority ' having jurisdiction provided they do not constitute a recognized • hazard to life or adjoining property. The existence of a situation that might result in an explosxon or sudden escalation of fire, such as in " adequate ventilation of confined spaces, lack of adequate emergency venung of a tank, failure to fireproof the supports of elevated tanks, or lack of drainage or dikes to control spills, may constitute such a hazard. (30-1-1.6)

28-1.1.5 This chapter shall not apply to the following:

28-1.1.5.1 Transportation of flammable and combustible liquids. These requirements are contained in the U.S. Deparunent of Transportation Regulations or in NFPA 385, Standard for Tank Vehide.s forFlammable and Combustible Liquid& (30-1-1.7.1) •

2&1.1.5.2 Storage, handling, and use of fuel oil tanks and containers connected with oil burning equipment. These requirements are covered separately in NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil Burning EquipmenL (30-1-1.7.2)

28.1.1.5.$ Storage of flammable and combustible liquids on farms and isolated construction projects. These requirements are covered separately in NFPA 395, Standard for the Storage of Flammable and Cbmbustible Liquids on Farms and Isolated Construction Proje~ (30-1-1.7.5)

28-1.1.5.4 Liquids without flash points that can be flammable under some conditions, such as certain halogenated hydrocarbons and mixtures containing halogenated hydrocarbons. (See NFPA 321, Standard on Basic Classification of Flammable and Combustible Liquids.) (30-1-1.7.6)

28-1.1.5.5 Storage and handling of aerosol products. These requirements are covered separately in NFPA 30B as Listed in Chapter 43.

' 1 9 5

NFPA 1 ---: A92 TCR

2&1.1.8 Permits Required (See Section 1-15).

2&1.2 Special Definitions. (30-1-2)

Aerosol A material that is dispensed from its container as a mist, spray, or foam by a propellant under pressure.

Atmospheric Tank. A storage tank that has been designed to operate at pressures from atmospheric through 0.5 psig (760 mm Hg through 786 mm Hg) measured at the top of the tank.

Boiling Point. The temperature at which a liquid exerts a vapor pressure of 14.7 psia (760 mm Hg). Where an accurate boiling point

unavailable for the material in question, or for mixtures that do not have a constant boiling.po.int, for purposes of this Code the 10 percent point o fa distillationperformed in accordance with ASTM D 8682, Standard Method of T~t for Distillation' of Petroleur~ Produa.~ may be used as the boiling point of the liquid.

Bulk Plant or Terminal That portion of a property where liquids are received by tank vessel, pipelines, tank car, or tank vehicle, and are stored or blended in bulk for the purpose of disvfibutin 8 such liquids by tank vessel, pipeline, tank car, tank vehicle, portable tank, or container.

Combustible Liquid. A liquid having a flash point at or above 100°F (37.80C).

Combustible Liquids shall be subdivided as follows:

Class II liquids shall include those having flash points at or above 100°F (37.80C) and below 140°F (60°C).

Class IIIA liquids shall include those having flash points at or above 140°F (60°C) and below 200°F (93°C).

Class IIIB liquids shall include those having flash points at or above , 200°F (93°C~.

Container. Anyvessei of 60 U.S. gal (227 L) or less capacity used for transporting or storing liquids.

Crude Petroleum. Hydrocarbon mixtures that have a flash point below 150°F (65.6°C) and that have not been processed in a refinery.

Fire Area. An area of a building separated from the remainder of the building by construction having a fire resistance of at least 1 hr and having all communicating openings properlyprotected by an assembly having a fire resistance rating of at least 1hr.

Flsmimable Aerosol, An aerosol that is required to be labeled "Flammable" under the U.S. Federal Hazardous Substances Labeling Act.

Flammable Liquid. A liquid having a flash point below 100°F (37.8°C) and having a vapor pressure not exceeding 40 lbs per sq in. (absolute) (2,068 mm Hg) at 100°F (37.8°C) shall be known as a Class I liquid.

Class I liquids shall be subdivided as follows:

Class IA shall include those having fl~sh points below 73°F (22.8°C) and having a boiling point below 100OF (37.8°C).

• Class IB shall include those having flash points below 730F (22.8°C) and having a boiling point at or above 100°F (37.8°C).

Class IC shall include those having flash points at or above 73°F (22.8°C) and below 100°F (37.8°C).

Flash Point. The minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor in sufficient concentration to form an ignitible mixture with air near the surface of the liquid within the vessel as specified by appropriate test procedure and apparatus.

Low Pressure Tank. A storage tank designed to withstand an internal pressure above 0.5 psig (3.5 kPa) but not more than 15 psig (103.4 kPa) measured at the top of the tank.

Portable Tank. Any closed vessel having a liquid capacity over 60 U.S. gal (227 L) andnot intended for fixed installauon.

Pressure Vessel. Any fired or unfired vessel within the scope of the applicable section of the ASME Boiler and Pr~mre Vessel Code.

Ssfety Cs~ An approved container, of not more than 5 gal (18.9 L) capacity, ~ a s~ing-c.~osing lid and spout cover and so designed that it will safely relieve internal p~ssm~ when mbjected to fire exposure.

Separate Inside Storage Area. A room or building used for the storage of liquids in containers or portable tanks, separated from other types of ~:cupancies. Such areas may include:

Attached Building. A building having only one common wall with a building having other type occupanctes.

Cut-Off Room. A room within a building and having at least one exterior wall.

lmlde Room. A room totally enclosed within a building and having no exterior wails.

\ Unatable Liquid. A liquid which, in the pure state or as commer- dally produced or transported, will vigorously polymerize, decompose, unde~o condensation reaction, or will become self-reactive under conditions of shock, pressure, or temperature.

Ventilation. As specified in this Oxte, ventilation is for the prevention of fire and explosion. It is considered adequate if it is s/afflcient to prevent accumulation of significant quantities ofvapor-alr mixtures in concentration over one-fourth of the lower flammable limit.

SECTION 28-2 TANK STORAGE

28-2.1 Design and Conmrucflon of Tanks.

28-2.1.1 Tanks shall be designed and built in accordance with NFPA 30.

28-2.1.2 Tanks shall installed and located with respect to property lines, public ways, important buildings on the same property, and to other tanks in accordance with NFPA 30.

2&2.2 Inst*tl=don of Outside Abovesround Tanks.

28-2.2.1 Control of Spillage from Aboveground Tanks.

2&2.2.1.1 Facilities shall be provided so that any accidental discharge of any Class I, II, or IIIA liquids will be prevented from endangering important facilities, and adjoining property, or reaching waterways as provided in 9-2.3.2 or 2-2.3.3 of NFPA 30. Tanks storinl[ Class IIIB liquids do not require special drainage or diking provismns for fire protection purposes. (30-2-3.3.1)

28-2.2.2 Vents for Aboveground Tanks.

28-2.2.2.1 Aboveground tanks shall be provided with facilities for normal and emergency in accordance with .Ny'PA 30.

28-2.2.2.2 Where ventpipe, outlets for aboveground tanks storing Class I liquids are ad~cent to buildings or public ways, they shall be located so ' that the vapors are released at a said point outside of buildings and not less than 12 fi (3.6 m) above the adj~:ent ground level, In order to aid their dispersion, vapors shall be 'discharged Upwa~l_ or horizontally away from do, ely adjacent walls. Vent oudets shall-be located so that flammable vapors will not be trapped by eaves or other obstructions and shall be at least 5 fi (I.5 m) from building openings. (30-2-3.6.2)

28-2.2.3 Tank Openings Other Than Vents for Abovesround Tanks.

2&2.2.3.1 Each connection to an above [[round tank through which liquid can flow shall be provided with an internal or an external valve located as close as pracucal to the shell of the tank. (30-2-3.7.1)

28-2.2.3.2 Filling and emptying connections on abovegr'ound tanks for ~_~ I, Cl:t~ II, and cl:t¢~ IlIA liquids that are made and broken shall be located outside of buildings at a location free from any source of igni'tion and not less than 5 ft (1.5 m) away from any building opening. Su-ch connections for any liquid shall be dosed and liquid tight when not in use and shall be properly identified. (30-2-3.7.5)

28-2.3 Installation of Underground Tanks.

• 28-2.3.1 Location.

28-2.3.1.1 The distance from any part of a tank storing Class I liquids to me nearest wall of any basement or pit shall be not less than 1 ft (0.30 m), and to any property line that can be built upon, not less than 3 ft (0.90 m), The distance from any part of an underground, outside tank storing Class II or Class HI liquids to the nearest wall of any basement, pit, or property line shall be not less than 1 ft (0.30 m). ( 30-2-4.1 )

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NFPA I -- A92 TCR

2&2.$.2 External Corrosion Protection.

2&2.3.2.1 Tanks and their piping shall be protected by either:.

(a) A prol~erl ~ engineered, installed, and maintained cathodic protection system in accordance with recognized standards of design, or

(b) Approved or listed corrosion-resistant materials or systems, which may include special alloys, fiberglass'reinforced plastic, or fiberglass reinforcedplastic coatings. (30-2-4.3)

2"8-2.5.3 Abandonment, Reuse, or Ch..~ of Service of Under- ground Tanks,

28-2.3.3.1 Abandonment or reuse of underground tanks shall be in accordance with Appendix C of NFPA 30.

28-2.S.$.2 Underground tanks taken out of service shall be role- guarded or disposed of in a safe manner. (30-2-4.4.1)

2&2.3.3.$ Only those used tanks that comply with the applicable sections of this Code and are approved by the authorityhaving jurisdiction shall be installed for flammable or combustible liquids service. (30-2-4.4.2)

2&2.5.$.4 Tanks that undergo any change of stored product shall meet the requirements of Section 2-2 of NFPA 30. (30-2-4.4.3)

28-2.5.4 Vents for Underground Tauks.

28-2.5.4.1 Vents for underground tanks shall be sized inn accordance with NFPA 30.

28-2.S.4.2 Vent pipes from underground storage tanks storing Class I liquids shall be so located that the discharge point is outside of

• buildings, higher than the fill pipe opening, and not less than 12 ft (3.6 m) above the adjacent ~ o u n d level. Vent outlets and devices shall be protected to mininuze the possibility of blockage from weather, dirt, or insect nests, and shall be so located and directed that flammable vapors will not accumulate or travel to an unsafe location, enter building openings, or be trapped under eaves, and shall be at least 5 ft (1.5 m) frombuilding openings. (30-2-4.5.1)

28-2.3.5 Tank Ope-lng~ Other Than Vents for Underground Tanks.

28-2.3.5.1 Filling and emptying and vapor recovery connections for Class I, Class II, or Class IlIA liquids that are made and broken shall be located outside of buildings at a location free from any source of ignition and not less than 5 ft (1.5 m) away from any building opening. Such connections shall be closed and liquid tight when not in use and shall be properly identified. (30-2-4.6.5) '

28-2.4 Installation of Tanks Inside of Buildings.

28-2.4.1 Location.

28-2.4.1.1 Tanks shall not be permitted inside of buildings.

Exception: I f the storage of liquids in outside aboveground or underground tanks is not practical because of governnwnt regulations, temperature oonsidoutions, or produaion consid~tions, tanks may be permitted inside of buildings or structures in accordance with tlw applicable provi.6ons of Chapter 2 of NFPA 30. (30-2-5.1) ,

28-2.4.1.2 Storage tanks inside of buUdings shall be permitted only in areas at or above grade that have adequate drainage and are separated from other parts of the building by construction having a fire resistance rating of at least 2 hrs. Day tanks, running tanks, and surge tanks arepermitted in process areas. Openings to other rooms or buildings shall be provided with noncombustibleliquid tight raised sills or ramps at least 4 in. (10 cm) in height, or the floor in the storage area shall be at least 4 in. (10 cm) below the surrounding floor. As a mininium, each opening shall beprovided with a listed, self-closing 1 1/2-hr (B) fire door or a listed fire damper installed where required by another portion of this Code. The room shall be liquid tightwhere the walisjoin the floor. (30-2-5.1.1)

28-2.4.2 Tank Openln~ Other than Vents for Tanks Inside euadino.

28-2.4.2.1 Connections for all tank openings shall be liquid tight. (30-2-5.4.1)

28-2.4.2.2 For tanks inside buildings, the inlet of the fill pipe and the outlet of a vapor recovery line for which connections are made and broken shall be located outside of btiildings at a location free from any source of ignition and not less than 5 ft (1.5 m) away from any building opening. Such connections shall be closed and tight when not in use and shall be properly identified. (30-9-5.4.7)

2&2.5 Supports, Foundations, and Anchorage for All Tank Location.

2&2.&l General.

2&2.&l.l Tanks shall rest on the ground or on foundations made of concrete, masonry, piling, or steel. Tank foundations shall be designed to minimize the possibility of uneven settiin~ of the tank and to minimize corrosion in any part of the tank resung on the foundation. (30-2-6.1)

28-2.5.1.2 Where tanks are supported above the foundadom, tank supl~rts shall be imtalted on firra foundations. Supports for tanks storing O_~q I, C:1~q II, or Class IlIA liquids shall be of concrete, masomy, or protected steel Single wood timber supports (not cribbing) iald horizontally may be used for outside aboveground tanks i f not more than 12in. (0.30m) high at their lowest point. (30-2-6.2)

28-2.5.1.5 Steel supports or exposed piling for tanks storing ~ I, Class 11, or Class IlIA liquids shall be protected by materials having a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hrs, except that steel saddles need not be protected if less than 12 in. (0.S0 m) high at their lowest point. At the discretion of the authority having jurisdiction, water spray protection in accordance with Chapter 6 of NFPA 30, or equivalent, may.be used. (30-2-6.3)

2&2.5.2 Ta,k* in Areas Subject to Flooding.

2&2.5.2.1 Where a tank is located in an area subject to flooding, provisions shall be taken to prevent tanks, either full or empty, from floating during a rise in water level up to the established maximum flood stage. (30-2-6.6.1)

2&2.5.5 Aboveground Tanks.

28-2.5.3.1 Each aboveground vertical tank shall be located so that its top extends above the maximum flood stage by at least 30 percent of its allowable storage capacity., (30-2-6.6.2.1)

28-2.5.3.2 Horizontal tanks located so that more than 70 percem of the tank's storage capacity will be submerged at the estabfished flood stage shall be anchored; attached to a foundation of concrete or of steel and concrete of sufficient weight to provide adequate load for the tank when filled with flammable or combustible liquid and submerged by flood water to the established flood stage; or adequately secured from floating by other means. Tank vents or other openings which are not liquidtight shall be extended above maximum flood stage water level. (30-2-6.6.2.2)

28-2.5.4 Underground Tank&

28-2.5.4.1 At locatiom where there is an ample and dependable water soppl~ available, underground tanks containing flammable or combm- tib]e liquids, so placed that more than 70 percent of their storage capacity will be submerged at the maximum flood sWge, shall be so a n c h o r e d , weighted, or secured as to prevent movement when filled or loaded with water and submerged by flood water to the established flood stage. Tank vents or other openings that are not liquiddght shall be extende~ above maximum flood stage water level. (30-2-6.6.3.1)

28-2.5.4.2 At locations where there is no ample and dependable water supply or where filling of underground tanks with water is impracucal because of the contents, each tank shall be mfeguarded against movement when emlsty, and submerged by high ground water or flood water by anchoring or by securing by other means. Each such tank shall be so constructed and installed that it will safely resist external pressures if submerged. (30-2-6.6.3.2)

2&2.6 Testing.

2&2.6.1 All tanks, whether shop-built or field-erected, shall be tested before they are placed in service in accordance with the applicable paragraphs of the code under which they were built. TheASME C, ode stamp or the I..isdng Mark of Underwriters Laboratories Inc. on ' a t~nk shall be evidence of compliance with this test. Tanks not marked in accordance with the above codes shall be tested before they are placed in service in accordance with good engineering principles. (30-2-8.1)

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N F P A 1 - - - A 9 2 T C R

28-2.6.2 Before the tank is initially placed in service, all leaks or deformations shall be corrected in an acceptable manner. Mechani- cad caulking is not permitted for correcting leaks in welded tanks except pinhole leaks in the roof. (30-2-8.4)

28-2.7 Fire Protection.

28-2.7.1 A fire extinguishing system in accordance with alpplicable NFPA standards shall be provided or be available for verucal , atmospheric fixed roof storage tanks larger than 50,000 gal (189,250 L) capacity, storing Class I liquids, if located in a congested area where there is an unusual exposure hazard to the tank from adjacent property or to adjacent property from the tanL Fixed roof tanks storing Class II or Class III liquids at temperatures below their flash points and floating roof tanks storing any liquid generally do not require protection when installed in compliance with Section 2-2 of NFPA 3O. (30-2-9.1)

28-2.8 Leakage Detection and Inventory Records for Underground Tanks.

2&2.8.1 Accurate inventory records or a leak detection program shall be maintained by the owner or operator on all Class I liquid underground storage tanks for indication of possible leakage from the tanks or associated piping. (30-2-11)

2&2.9 Piping, Valves, and Fittings.

2&2.9.1 Identification.

2&2.9.1.1 Each loading and unloading riser for liquid storage shall be identified by color code or marking to identifythe product for which the tank is used. (30-3-9)

SECTION 28-3 CONTAINER AND PORTABLE TANK STORAGE

284.1 Application.

28-3.1.1 This section shall apply to the storage of liquids in drums or other containers not exceeding 60 gal (227 l : ) indivtdual capacity and portable tanks not exceeding 660 gal (2498 L) individual capacity and limited transfers incidental thereto. (30-4-1.1)

28-$.1.2 This section shall not apply to the following:

(a) Storage of containers in bulk plants, service stations, refineries, chemical plants, and distilleries.

(b) Liquids in the fuel tanks of motor ~hicles, aircraft, boats, or portable or stationary engines.

(c) Beverfages, when packaged in individual containers not • xceeding a capacity of one gallon. "

(d) Medidnes, foodstuffs, cosmetics, and other consumer products containing not more than 50 percent by volume of water-miscible liquids and with the remainder of the solution not being flammable when packaged in individual containers not exceeding one gallon in ,size.

(e) The storage of liquids that'have no fire point when tested by ASTM D 92-78, T ~ C/eodand Open Cup T~tMet;u~d, up to the boiling point of the liquid, or up to a temperature at which the sample being tested shows an obvious physical change.

(f) The storage of distilled spirits and wines in wooden barrels or casks. (30-4-1.2)

2&3.1.3 For the purposes of this section, unstable liquids and flammable aerosols shall be treated as Class IA liquids. (30-4-1.3)

28.3.2 Design, Conslruction, and Capacity of Containers.

23-3.2.1 Only approved containers andportahle tanks shall be used. (See 4-2.1 of NFPA 30 for other acceptable containers.)

2&$.2.2 Each portable tank shall be l?rovided with one or more devices installed in the top with suffictent emergency venting capadty to limit internal pressure under fire exposure conditions to 10 psig (68.9 kPa), or 30 percent of the bursting pressure of the tank, . whichever is greater. (30-~2.2)

28-$.3 Design, Conmruction, and Capacity of Storage Cabinets.

2&3.$.1 Not more than 120 gal (454 L) of Class I, Class II, and Class IIIA liquids may be stored in a storage cabinet. Of this total, not more than 60 gal (227 L) may be of Class I and Class II liquids and not more than three (3) such cabinets may be located in a single fire area, except that, in an industrial occupancy, additional cabinets may be locatedin the same fire area if the addiuonal cabinet, or group of not more than three (3) cabinets, is separated from other cabinets or group of cabinets by at least 100 ft (30 m). (30-4-3.1)

TABLE 28-3.2 M-~.mum Allowable Size of Containers and Portable Tanks

Container Type

Combustible Fl,,mm-hle Liquids Liquids

Class IA Class IB Class IC Class II Class l l I

Glass 1 pt 1 qt 1 gad 1 gal 5 gal Metal (other than

DOT drums~ or a p p r o v e d plasuc 1 gal 5 gal 5 gal 5 gal 5 gal

Safety Cans 2 gal 5 gad 5 gal 5 gal 5 gal Metal Drum

(DOT Spec.) 60 gad 60 gal 60 gal 60 gad 60 gal Approved Metal Portable Tanks 660 gal 660 gal 660 gad 660 gal 660 gal Polyethylene

DOT Spec. 34. or as authorized by DOT Exemption I gal 5 8al 5 8al 60 gal 60 gal

, SI Units: 1 pt = 0.473 L; 1 qt = 0.95 L; 1 gal = 3.8 L

(3o.-Table 4-2.3)

28-3.3.2 Storage cabinets are not required to be vented for fire protection purposes; however, the following shall apply:.

(a) If a cabinet is vented for other reasons, the cabinet shall be vented outdoors in such a manner that will not compromise the specified performance of the cabinet, as acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

(b) If a cabinet is not vented, the vent opening, shall be sealed with bungs supplied with the cabinet or vnth bungs specified by the manufacturer of the cabinet. (30.4.3.2)

2&$.3.$ Metal cabinets constructed in the following manner are acceptable. The bottom, top, door, and sides of cafiinet shall be at least No. 18 gage sheet steeIand double walled with I I / 2 in. (3.8

"cm) air space. Joints shall be riveted, welded, or made tight bY some equally effective means. The door shall be provided with a three- point latch arrangement and the door sill shall be raised at least 2 in. (5 cm) above thebottom of the cabinet to retain spilled liquid within the cabinet. (30.4-3.2.1)

28-&$.4 Wooden cabinets constructed in the following manner are acceptable. The bottom, sides, and top shall be constructed of exterior grade plywood at least I in. (2.5 cm) in thickness, which shall not break down or delaminate under fire conditions. AUjoints shall be rabbetted and shall be fastened in two directions with wood screws. When more than one door is used, there shall be a rabbetted overlap of not less than I in. (2.5 cm). Doors shall be equipped with a means of latching and hinges shall be constructed and mounted in such a manner as to not lose their holdingcapacity when subjected to fire exposure. A raised sill or pan capable of containing a 2-in. (5-cm) depth of liquid shall be provided at the bottom of the cabinet to retain spilled liquid within the cabinet. (30.4-3.2.2)

2&3.4 Design, Construction, an¢/Operation of Separate Inside Storage Areas.

2&3.4.1 Inside rooms shall be constructed to meet the selected fire- resistance ratin~ as specified in 4.4.1.4 of NFPA 30. Except for drains, foors shall be hquidtight and the room shall be liquidtight where the walls.join the floor. (30-4.4.1.1)

28-3.4.2 Openings in interior walls to adjacent rooms or buildings shall be providedwith:

1 9 8 ' '

NFPA 1 - - A92 TCR

(a) Listed 1 1/2 hr (B) fire doors for interior walls with fire- resistance rating of 2 hr or less. Where interior wails are required to have greater than 2 hr fire-resistance rating, the listed fire doors shall be compatible with the wall rating. Fire doors shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80. " . "

(b) Noncombustible liquid tight raised sillsor ramps at least 4 in. (10 cm) in height or otherwise designed to prevent the flow of liquids to the adjoininjg areas. A permissible alternative to the sill or ramp is an open-gratect trench, which drains to a safe location, across the width of the opening inside of room. (30.4-4.1.2)

t

Exception: Recirculatlon is poynittat where it is monitored continuous~ using a fail-safe system that is desfgned to automatically sound an alarm, n, stop

air mixtures in ¢onc, entratwn over one-fourth of the lower flammable limft are ,detected.

If ducts are used, they shall not be used for any other purpose and shall comply with NFPA 91, Standard for the IrataUation ~f Bgower and Exhaust Systems for Dus~ Stock and Vapor Removal or Conveying. If make. up air to a mechanical system is taken from within the building, the opening shall be equipped with a fire door or damper, as reqmred in

Table 2823.4.2 Indoor Unprotected Storage of Liquids in Containera and Portable Tanks.

Container Storage Portable Tank Storage

Max. Pile Max. Quant. Max. Total Max. Pile Max. Quam. Max. Total Class Height fit) per Pile (gab Quam. (gal) Height fit) -per Pile (gel) Quant- (gal)

IA 5 660 = 660 - - Not Permitted

IB 5 1,375 1.375 7 2.000 2,000

IC ~ 5 2.750 2.750 7 4,000 4,000

II 10 4.125 8.250 7 5,500 11,000

I l iA 15 13,750 27,500 7 22.000 44,000

IIIB 15 "13 .750 55,000 7 22.000 88,000

SI Units: 1 ft = 0.30 m: 1 gal - 3.8 L.

*. Applies to cutoff rooms and attached buildings.

28-3.4.3 Storage in inside rooms shall comply with the following:

Table 2&3.4.3

Automatic Total Allowable Fire Protection* Fire Maxhnum Quanti t ies--Gallonat

Provided Resunance Hoor Area Sq Ft/Floor Area

YES 2 hr 500 sq ft 10 NO 2 hr 500 sq ft 4"* YES 1 hr 150 sq h " 5 NO i hr 150 sq tt 2

SI Units: 1 sq ft = 0.09 mS; 1 gal = 3.8 L.

(30-=Table 4-4.1.4)

*Fire protection system shall be sprinkler, water spray, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, halon, or o- thcr approved system.

**Total allowable quantities of Class 1A and 1B Liquids shall not exceed that permitted in Table 28-3.4.2 and the provisions of 4-4.2.10 of NFPA 30.

28-3.4.4 Electrical wiring and equipment located in inside rooms used for Class I liquids shall be suitable for Class I, Division 2 classified lo'cations; for Class II and Class III liquids, shall be suitable for general use. (30-4-4.1.5)

28-$.4.3 Every inside room shall be provided with either a gravity or a continuous mechanical exhaust ventilation system. Mechanical ventilation shall be used if Class I liquids are dispensed within the r o o m .

(a) Exhaust air shall be taken from a point near a wall on one side of the room and within 12 in. (30 c m ) o f the floor with one or more make-up inlets located on the opposite side of the room within 12 in. (30 cm)f rom the floor• The location of both the exhaust and inlet air openings shall be arranged to provide, as far as practicable, air movements across all portions of the floor to prevent accumula. tion of flammable vapors. Exhaust from the room shall be directly to the exterior of the building without recirculation.

(30---Table 4-4.2.7) J

rock, and Vapor Removal or Conveying. For gravi~ systems, the make-up air shall be supplied from outside the building.

(b) Mechanical ventilation systems shall provide at 1Bast one cubic foot per minute of exhaust per square foot of floor area (1 m s per 3 mS), but not less than 150 c.fan (4 mS). The mechanical

• ventilation system for dispensing areas shall be equipped with an airflow switch or other equally reliable method that]s interlocked to sound an audible alarm upon failure of the ventilation system. (~+4.1•6)

28-3.4.6 In every inside room, an aisle at l e~ t 3 ft (0.90 m) wide shall be maintained so that no container is more than 12 ft (3.6 m) from the aisle. Containers over 30 gal (113.5 L) capacity storing Class I or

' Class II liquids shall not be stored more than one container high. (30-4-4.1.7)

28-3.4.7 Class I liquids shall not be permitted in inside storage rooms in basement areas. (30-4-4.1.9)

28-3.4.8 Class I liquids shall not be permitted in the basement areas of cutoff rooms and attached buildings. Class II and Class IIIA liquids may be stored in basements provided-that automatic sprinkler protection and other fire protection facilities are provided. (30-4- 4.2•12)

28-3.5 Indoor Storage,

28-3.5.1 Dwellings and Residential Buildings ContainingNot More Than Three Dwelling Units and Accompanying Attached and Detached Garages.

28-3.5.1.1 Storage in excess of 25 gal (94.6 L) of Class I and Class II liquids combined shall beprohibi ted. In addition, storage h-/excess of 60 gal (227 L) of Class I l i a liquid shall be prohibited. "(30-4-5.2)

28-3.5.2 Assembly Occupancies, Builrltnn Containing More Than Three Dwelling Unit& and Hotels. " °

28-3.5.2.1 Storage in excess of 10 gal (37.8 L) of Class I and Class II • liquids combineffor 60 gal (227 L) of Class IIIA liquids shall be in

containers stored in storage cabinets, in safety cans, or in a separate inside storage area not having an opening communicating with that port ion of the building used by the public. (3046.3)

199


28-&&3 Office, Educational, and Institutional Occupandes.

28.3.5.3.1 Storage shall be limited to ti3at required for operation of office equipment, maintenance, demonstration, and laboratory work. This storage shall comply with the provisions of 28-3.5.3.2 through 28- 3.5.3.5 except that the storage for mdustrial and educational laboratory work shall comply with NFPA 45. (3046.4)

28-3.5.3.2 Containers for Class I liquids outside of a separate inside storage area shall not exceed a capacity of ] gal (3.8 L) except that safety cans can be of 2 gal (7.6 L) capacity. (30-4-5.4.1)

28-3.5.3.3 Not more than 10 gal (37.8 L) of Class I and Class II liquids combined shall be stored in a single fire area outside of a storage cabinet or a separate inside storage area unless in safety cans. (30-4-5.4.2)

2&&5.$.4 Not more than 25 gal (94.6 L) of Class I and Cla~ II liquids combined shall be stored in a single fire area in safety cans outside of a separate inside storage area or storage cabinet. (30-4- 5.4.3)

28-&5.3.5 Not more/ban 60 gal (227 L) of Class IIIA liquids shall be stored outside of a separate inside storage area or storage cabinet. (30-4-5.4.4)

28-3.5.4 Mercantile Occupancies, Retail Stores, and Other Related Areas Accessible to the Public.

2&3.5.4.L In display areas that are accessible to the public, the storage of Class I, Class II, and Class IIIA liquids shall be limited to quantities needed for display and normal merchandising purposes but shall not exceed the limits as given by the following:

(a) In protected display areas, the total aggregate quantity of Class I, II, and IIIA liquids shall not exceed 2 gal per sq ft (81 L per m s) of gross floor area, but, except for basement display areas, the quantity of Class IA liquids shall not exceed 1 gal per sq ft (40L per m s) of gross floor area. In basement display areas, the storage of Class IA liquids'shall be prohibited.

(b) In unprotected display areas on other than the ground floor, the total aggregate quantity of Class IB, IC, II, and IIIA 1 iquids shall not exceed 1 galper sq ft (40 Lper m s) of gross floor area, and the storage of Class IA liquids shall be prohibited. In unprotected ground floor display areas, the total aggregate quantity of Class I, II, and IlIA liquids shall not exceed-2 ~al-per sq ft (81 L per m 2) of gross floor area, but the quanuty of Class IA liquids shah not exceed 1 gal per sq ft (40L per m *) of gross floor area.

"Protected" shah mean protected with automatic sprinklers installed at least in accordance with NTPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Spr/nk/er Systeras, requirements for Ordinary Hazard Group 2 Occupancies. The gross floor area used for computing the maximum quantity permitted shall be considered as that portion of the floor actually being used for merchandising liquids and immediately adjacent aisies. (30-4-5.5.1)

28-3.5.4.2 The aggregate quantity of additional stock in areas not accessible to the public shall not exceed the greater of that which would be permitted if the area were accessible to the public, or 60 gai (227 L) of Class IA, 190 gal (454 L) of Class IB, 180gfil (681 L) of Class IC, 240 gal (908 L) of Class II, or 660 gal (2498L) of Class IIIA liquids, or 240 gai (908 L) in any combination of Class I and Class II liquids subject to the limitations of the individual class. These quantities may be doubled for areas protected as defined in 28- 3.5.4.1. Storage of Class IA liquids shall be prohibited in basement, storage areas. (30-4-5.5.2)

28-3.5.4.3 Contaibers shall not be stacked more than 3 ft (0.90 m) or 2 containers high, whichever is the greater, unless on fixed shelving or otherwise sausfactorily secured. (30-4-5.5.4)

2&3.5.4.4 Shelving shall be of stable consmaction, of sufficient depth and arrangement such that containers displayed thereon shall not easily be displaced. (30-4-5.5.5)

28-3.5.4.5 Leaking containers shall be removed immediately to an adequately ventilated area, and the contents transferred to an undamaged container. (30-4-5.5.6)

28-$.5.5 General Purpose Warehouses.

28-3.5.5.1 General-purpose warehouses shall be separate, detached buildings or shall be separated from other type occupancies by a standard 4-hr. fire wall or, if approved, a fire partition having a fire resistance rating of not less than 2 hr, Each opening in a fire wall shall be protected with an automatic closing, listed 3-hr (A) fire door with the fusible link or other automatic actuating mechanism located in the opening or on both sides of the opening. Each opening in a fire parution shall be protected with an automatic closing, listed 1 1/ 2 hr (B) fire door. The doors shall be installed in accord~ce with NFPA 80. (30-4-5.6.1)

28-3.5.5.2 Warehousing operations that involve storage of liquids shall be restricted to separate inside storage areas or to liquid warehouses in accordance with Section 4-4 of NFPA 30 or 28-3.6, as applicable, except as provided in 28-3.5.5.$.

28~.5.5.S Class IB and IC liquids in containers of 1 gal (3.8 L) or less capacity, Class II liquids in containers of 5 gal (18.9 L) or less capacity, and Class HI liquids in containers of 60 gal (227 L) or less capacity may be stored in warehouses containing combustible commodities, as defined in NFPA 231, Standard for Genera/Storage, provided that the storage area is protected with automatic sprinklers m accordance with the provisions of this standard for 20 f t (6 m) storage of Class IV commodities and the quantities and height of liquid storage are limited to: •

(a) Class IA liquids - not permitted,

(b) Class IB & IC 660 gal (2498 L) - 5 ft (1.5 m) high,

(c) Class II 1375 gal (5204 L) - 5 ft (1.5 m) high,

(d) Class IIIA 2750 gal (10,409 L) - 10 ft (3.0 m) high,

(e) Class HIB 13,750 gal (52,044 L) - 15 ft (4.6 m),high.

The liquid storage shall also conform to 28-3.5.5.4,NFPA 30 sections 4-5.6.5,4-5.6.6,4-5.6.7, and 4-5.6.8. (30-4-5.6.3)

28-3.5.5.4 Class I and Class II liquids in plastic containe/s shall not be stored in general-purpose warehouses, but shall be stored in separate inside rooms or liquid warehouses in accordance with Section 4.4 or 4-5.7 of NFPA 30, as applicable.

Exception No. 1: Liquids in p l m ~ containers may be stored in general- purpose waretunlses in acwrdance with protection and storage limitations specified in 4-$.6.3 of l~'PA 30 as folimos:

(a) products containing not more than 50 percent by volume of waWr- miscible liquids and with the remainder of the solution being not flammable when packaged in individual containers,

(b) water-miscible liquids containing more than 50percent by volume in individual containers not excmging 16 oz. capa~.

Exception No. 2: Cgass I and C2ass 11liquids in plastic contain~ may be storid in a general~Ourpose warehouse if the pack~ng systems are liaed and labd.l for use wit/= these materials.Ot~r provisions of this section shall apply. 0o4-5.6.4)

28-3.6 Liquid Warehomes.

28-3.6.1 Liquid warehouses shall be separate, detached buildings or shall be separated from other type occupancies by standard 4 hr fire wails, with communicating openings protected on each side of the wall with automatic closing, listed 3-hr (A) fire doors. Fire doors shall be installed in accordance with NFPA 80. (30-4-5.7.1)

28-3.6.2 The total quantities of liquids within a liquid warehouse shall not be restricted. The maximum pile heights and maximum per pile, arranged as palletized and/or solid pile storage, shall comply with Table 28-3.4.2 if unprotected, or Table 28-3.7 (a) if protectedin accordance with Section 28-3.7. The storage heights of containers on protected racks shall comply with Table 28-3.7 (b); as applicable.

Exception: An unprotected liquid warehouse located a minimum of 100t (30 re)from exposed buildings or adjoining pwperty that can be built upon is not __refuired to conform to Table 28-3.6.2, if there is proteaion for e~ptmAres. Where protection for oeposures is not provided, a minimum 200 fl (61 m) is required. (30-4-5.7.6)

200

NFPA 1 m A92 TCR

26-3.6.$ Solid pile and palletized storage shall be arranged so that piles are separated from each other by at least 4 ft (1.2 m). Aisles shall be provided so that no container or tank is no more than 12 ft (3.6 m) from an aisle. Where storage on racks exists as permitted by this section and NFPA 30, a minimum 4-ft (1.2-m) wide aisle shall be

~. rovided between adjacent rows of racks and any adjacent storage of quids. Main aisles shall be a minimum of 8 ft (2.4 m) wide, a n d

access shall be maintained to all doors required for egress. (30-4- 5.7.12) Type

. ~I:LU Rack 28-3.6.4 For new liquid warehouses, where automatic sprinkler protection is provided, curbs, scrubbers, special drains, or other Double Row suitable means shall be provided to prevent the flow of liquids, under IA or emergency conditions, throughout the building. The drainage " Single Row system, if used, shall have sufficient capacity to carry expected discharge of water from fire protection systems and hose streams. (30- IB Double Row 4-6.7.10 or

IC Singte Row 28-&7.1 Protection Requirements for Protected'Storage of Liquids. Double Row

2&3.7A.I Containers and portable tanks storing flammable and II or combustible liquids may be stored in the quantities and arrangements Single Row specified in Tables 28-3.7(a) and 28-3.7(b), provided the storage is Multi-Row protected in accordance with 28-3.7.1.4 and with 4-6.2 of NFPA 30, as III Double Row applicable. (30-4-6.1) or Single 'Row

28-3.7.1.2 Other systems such as automatic foanvwater systems, automatic water~..~.s~tems, or o t h ~ combinations of ~ may be considered acceptanie if approven uy me aumority having jurisdiction. (for additional information, see Appendix C of NFPA SO) (30-4-6.2.1)

(SEE Table 28-3.7(a) BELOW)

(SEE Table 28-3.7(b) ABOVE RIGHT) 28-3.8 Fire ControL

28-3.7.1.$ Ordinary combustibles other than those used for 28-3.8.1 General packaging the liquids shall not be stored in the same rack section as liquids, and shall be separated a minimum of 8 ft (2.4 m) horizontally, by aisles or open racks, from liquids stored in racks. (30-4-8.4)

2&$.7.1.4 In-rack sprinklers shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of NFPA 231C, Standard for Rack Storage of Mawia~ except as.modified by NFPA 13.

Alternate lines of in-rack sprinklers shall be staggered. Multiple levels of in-rack sprinkler heads shall be provided with water shields unless otherwise separated by horizontal barriers, or unless the sprinkler heads are listed for such installations. (30-4-6.5)

Table 28-$.7(a) Sto ~.r.~. Arrangements for Protected Paletized or Solid Pile Storage of Liquids

. in Containers and Portable Tanks

Table 28.3.7(b) Storage Arrangements for Protected Rack Storage oI Liquids in Contahem '

Max. Max. Sty. Quaa.~

Storage Heigkt fit) (gall Level Contamors Con talners

Ground Floor 25 7.500 Upper Floor 15 4.500

Basements Not Permnted - -

Ground Floor 25 15,000 Upper Floor 15 9,000 • Basements Not Permitted


Basements 15 9.000


Basements 20 24.000

SI Units: 1 f t ffi 0 . 3 0 m ; 1 g a l ffi 3 . 8 L NOTE: See Section 4-6 of NTPA 30 for protection requirements as applicable to this type of storage.

(~).--Table 4-6.1 (b))

28-3.8.1.1 Suitable fire extinguishers or preconnected hose lines, either 11/2-in. (3.8-cm) lined or l-in. (2.5-cm) hard rubber, shall be provided where liquids are stored. Where 11/2-in. (3.8d:m) fire hose m used, it shall be installed in accordance with Section 6-2. (30-4-7.1)

28-3.8.1.2 At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 20-B shall be located outside of, but not more than 10 ft (3 m) from, the door opening into any separate inside storage area. (30-4-7.1.1)

Storage MH- Stge. Height {ft.) Max. Quantity, per Pile (gal.), Max. Quantity, (gal.) ._

Cla~ Level Confiners Port. Tanks Containers Port. Tanki Containe~ Port. Tanks

Ground Floor 5 - - 3,000 - - 12.000 IA Upper Floors 5 - - 2.000 - - 8.000 - -

Basements Not Permttted . . . . . Ground Floor 6V7 7 5.000 20.000 15.000 40.000

IB Upper Floors 61/g 7 3.000 I 0.000 12.000 20.000 Basements ~ N o t Permnted . . . . .

Ground Floor *6V~ 7 5.000 20.000 15.000 40.000 IC Upper Floors *6t/g 7 ", 3,000 10,000 12,000 20.000

Basements ~ N o t Permttted . . . . Ground Floor 10 " 14 10.000 . 40,000 25.000 80.000

II Upper Floors 10 14 10.000 40.000 25.000 80.000 Basements 5 7 7,500 20.000 7.5OO 20.000

Ground Floor 20 14 15.000 60,000 50.000 100.000 III Upper Floors 20 14 15.000 60.000 50.000 100.0OO

Basements 10 7 10.000 20.000 25.000 40.000

SI Units: I ft = 0.30 m; I gal ffi 3.8 L These height limitations may be increased to I0 ft for containers of 5 gal or less in capacity.

** A1~vlies only to cutoff rooms and attached buildings. NO'i~: See Section 4-6 of NFPA 30 for protection requirements as applicable to this type ofstorage.

(S0-Table 4-6.1 (a))

201

N F P A 1 w A 9 2 T C R

2&3.8.1.3 At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 20-B shall be located not less than 10 ft (3 m), nor more than 50 ft (15 m), from any Class I or Class II liquid storage area located outside of a separate inside storage area. (30-4-7.I.2)

284.8.1.4 In protected general purpose and liquid warehouses, hand hose lines shall be provided in sufficient number to reach all liquid storage areas. (30-4-7.1.3)

28-3.8.1.5 The water supply shall be sufficient to meet the fixed fire protection demand, plus a total of at least 500 gal (1892 L) per minute for inside andoutside hose lines. (30-47-7.1.4)

(b) There are no openings to areas at grade or above grade that are within 10 ft (3 m) horizontaliy of the storage,

(c) There are no openings directly above the storage, and

(d) There are no openings to areas below grade within 50 ft (15 m) horizontally of the storage.

E z ~ , L " T~ a ~ o ~ p , ~ o , ~ are not ~ ~ t ~ buitangin ~s t /on is li~ted to one s~. , is of j i r ~ e . 6 . ~ or ~ , ~ o n ~ ' t i b l e ~ w r u a i o ~ is d~ot~d principally to the storage of liquid~, and is acceptable, to the authority ~ v ~ , ~ 3 , , ~ a a ~ 0 0 - ~ . 2 )

Table 28-5.9 Outdoor Liquid Storage in Containers and Portable T~d~.

2 3 4 5

Portable Tank Distance Dismaee to Distance to Cenmaor Storage Max. Between Property Line Street, Alley,

Stm'age-Max. per Pile Piles or That Can Be or a Public Way per Pile ,Gallons (1) Racks fit) Built Upon (h)(2)(3) (h)($)

Height Height Gallons (1) (4) fit) Gallons (1) (4) fit)

IA I, 100 I 0 2,200 7 5 50 I 0 IB 2.200 12 4,400 14 5 50 I0

. IC 4,400 12 8,800 14 5 50 I 0 !I 8,800 ! 2 17,600 14 5 25 5

III 22,000 18 44.000" 14 5 I 0 5

SI Units: 1 ft = 0.30 m; 1 gal = 3.8 L NOTES: (1) See 4-8.1.1 of NFPA 30 regarding mixed class storage.

(2) See 4-8.1.3 of NFPA 30 regarding protection for exposures. (3) See 4-8.1.4 of NFPA 30 for smalIer pile sizes. (4) For storage in racks, the quantity limits per pile do not apply, but the rack arrangement shall be limited to a maximum of 50 ft in length

and two rows or 9 ft in depth. (30---Table 4-8)

28-5~.I.6 Dispen~g of Class I and Class II liquids in general-purpose or liq[uid warehouses shall not be permitted unless the dispensing area is suitably cut offfrom other ordinary combustible or liquid storage areas as specified in Section 4-4 of NFPA 30, and otherwise conforms with the applicable provisions of that section. (30-4-7.3)

28-3.9 Outdoor Storage.

28-3.9.1 General

28-&9.1.I Outdoor storage of liquids in containers and portable tanks shall be in accordance with Table 28-3.9, as qualified by 28- 3.9.1.2 through 28~.9.1.5 and 28-3.9.1.6, 28-3.9.1.9, and 28~.9.1.10. (30-4-8.1)

28-3.9.1.2 Where two or more classes of materials are stored in a single pile, the maximum gallonage in that pile shall be in the smallest of the two or more separate gallonages.' (30-4.8.1.1)

28-3.9.I.$ No container orportable tank.in a pile shall be more than 200 ft (60 m) from a 12-ft (3.6-m) wide access way to permit approach offwe control apparatus under all weather conditions. (30-4-8.1.2)

2&3.9.1.4 The distances'listed in Table 28-3.9 apply to properties that have protection for exposures as defined. If there are exposures, and such protection for exposures does not exist, the distances in column 4 shall be doubled. (30.4-8.1.3)

28-3.9.1.5 Where total quantity stored does not exceed 50 percent of maximum per pile, the distances in columns 4 and 5 may be reduced 50 percent, but to not less than 3 ft (0.90 m). (30-4-8.1.4)

2&3.9.1.6 A maximum of 1,100 gal (4163 L) of liquids in closed containers and portable tanks may be stored adjacent to a building located on the same premises and under the same management provided that:

28-3.9.1.7 The quantity of liquids stored adjacent to a building protected in accordance with 28-3.9.1.6(b) may exceed that permitted in 28-3.9.1.6,provided the maximum quantity per pile does not exceed 1,100 gal (4163 L) and each pile is separated by a 10-ft (3- m) minimum clear space along the common wall. (30-4-8.2.1)

23-3.9.1.8 Where the quantity stored exceeds the 1,100 gal (4163 L) permitted adjacent tothe building given in 28-3.9.1.6(a), or the provisions o f 28-3.9.1.6(b) cannot be met, a minimum distance in accordance with column 4 of Table 28-3.9 shall be maintained between buildings and the nearest container or portable tank. (30-4- 8.2.2)

28~.9.1.9 The storage area shall be graded in a manner to divert possible spills away from buildings or other exposures or shall be surrounded by a curb at least 6 in. (15 cm) high. Where curbs are used, provisions shall be made for draining o f accumulations of ground or rain water or spills of liquids. Drains shall terminate at a safe location and shall be accessible to operation under fire conditions. (30-4-8.3)

28-3.9.1.10 The storage area shall be protected against tampering or trespassers where necessary and shall be kept free of weeds, debris, andother combustible materials not necessary to the storage. (30-4- 8.4)

(a) The adjacent building wall has an exterior fire resistance rating of 2 hr,

202

N F P A 1 ~ A 9 2 T C R

Table 28-4.1 Location of Processing Vessels from Property Lines and Nearest Important Building

on the Same Property WhereProtection for Exposures Is Provided.

Minimum Distance from Property, Line that Is or Can Be Built

Upon, Including Opposite Side of Public Way fit)

Minimum Distance from Nearest Side of Any Public Way or

from Nearest Important Building on Same Property that Is Not an

Integral Part of the Process fit)

Stable Luluui Unstable Lzquut Stable L~quut Unatable Liquui Vessei Mammum Emereency Relief Emereency Relief Eraerfency Relzef Emergency. Reliff Operating Liqmd Not Over Over Not Over Over Not Over Over Not Over Over • Capaotv (gal) 2.5 pstg 2.5 pssg 2.5 pstg 2.5 psig 2.5 psig 2.5 psig 2,5 pstg 2.5 pslg

275 oriess 5 i0 15 20 5 I0 15 20 276 to 750 I0 15 25 40 5 I0 15 20 751 to 12.000 15 25 40 60 5 10 15 20 12,001 to 30.000 20 30 50 80 5 10 15 20 30.001 to 50,000 30 45 75 120 10 15 25 40 50,001 to lO0.O00 . 50 75 125 200 15 25 40 60 Over 100,000 80 120 200 300 25 40 65 lO0

NOTE: Double all ot above distances where protecuon for exposures is not provided.

(30.--Table ~-~.1.1

SECTION 28-4 OPERATIONS

28-4.1 This section applies to operations involving the use or, handling of liquids either as a principal or incidental activity, except as covered elsewhere by this chapter or NFPA 30, or other NFPA standards. (30-5-1.1)

28-4.2 Facility Design.

28-4.2.1 Location. 28-4.2.1.1 The minimum distance of a processing vessel to adjoining property or to the nearest important building on the same property shall be based on the stability of the liquid and vessel capacity and shall be in accordance with Table 28-4.1 except as modified in 28- 4.1.1.2. (30-5-3.1.1)

28-4.2.1.2 Where process vessels are located in a building and the exterior wall facing the exposure (line of adjoining property that can be built upon or nearest important building on the same property) is greater than 25 ft (7.6 m) from the exposure and is a blank wall having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 2 hr, any greater distances required in Table 28-4.1 may be waived. Where a blank wall having a fire-resistance rating of not less than 4 hrs isprovided, distance requirements may be waived. In addition, when Class IA or unstable liquids are handled, the wall shall have explosion resistance in accordance with.good engineering practice. (30-5-3.1.2)

28-4.$ F'tre Prevention and ControL'

28-4.3.1 Control of Ignition Sources.

28-4.3.1.1 Precautions shall be taken to prevent the ignition of flammable vapors. Sources of ignition include, but are not limited to:

(a) Open flames (g) Spontarleous ignition

(b) Lighming (h) Frictional Heat or sparks

(c) Hot surfaces (i) Static electricity ¢

(d) Radiani heat (j) Electrical sparks

(e) Smoking (k) Stray currents

(f) Cutting and welding (1) Ovens, furnaces, and heating equipment

(30.5-5.2.1)

28-4.3.1.2 All equipment such as tanks, machinery, and piping where an ignitable mixture may be present shall be bonded or connected to

a ground. The bond or ground or both shall be physically applied or shall be inherently present by the nature of the installation. Electri- cally isolated sections of metallic piping or equipment shall be bonded to the other portions of the system or individually grounded to prevent hazardous accumulatlons of static electricity. (30-5-5.2.4)

28-4.3.2 Incidental Use, of Liquids.

28-4.3.2.1 The quantity of liquid that may located outside of storage cabinets, inside storage rooms, cutoff rooms and attached buildings, general purpose warehouses, liquid warehouses, or other specific processing areas that are cut offby at least a 2-hr fire rated separation from the general plant area shall nor exceed the greater of the quantity in either (a) or the sum of (h), (c), (d), and (e) below:.

(a) A supply for one day, or

(b) ' 25 gal (95 L) of Class IA liquids in containers, .

(c) 120 gal (454 L) of Class IB,IC, II, or III liquids in containers,

(d) Two portable tanks each not exceeding 666 gal (2498 L) of Class IB, IC, Class II, or Class IIIA liquids; and

(e) 20 portable tanks each not exceeding 660 gal (2498 L) of Class IIIB liquids. (30.5-4.3.4)

28-4.3.2.2 Where quantities of liquids in excess of the limits in 28- 4.3.2.1 are necessary, storage shall be in tanks,'which shall comply with the applicable requirements of NFPA 30 Chapter 2, and NFPA 30 Sections 5-3, 5-4.1, and 5-4.2. (30-5-4.3.5)

28.4.$.$ Inspection and Maintenance.

28-4.$.3.1 Combustible waste material and residues in operating areas shall be kept to a minimum, stored in coveredmetal containers, and disposed of daily. (30-5-5.3.3)

28-4.$.3.2 Ground areas around facilities where liquids are stored, handled, or used shall be kept free of weeds, trash, or other unnecessary combustible materials. (30-5-5.3.4)

28-4.3.4 Emergency Planning and Tlminln~.

28-4.$.4.1 An emergency action plan, consistent'with the available equipment and personnel, shall be established to respond to fire or other emergenctes. This plan shall include the following:

Ca) Procedures to be used in case of fire, such as sounding the" alarm, notifying the fire department, evacuating personnel, and controlling and extinguishing the fire.

203

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

09

Appointment and training of persons to carry out firesafety duties.

Malntefiance of fire protection equipmenL

Holding fire drills.

Shutdown or isolation of equipment to reduce the escape of liquid.

Alternate measures for the safety of occupants while any fire protection equipment is shut down. (30-5-5.4.1)

28-4.4.4 Detecdon and Alarm.

28-4.4.4.1 An approved means for prompt notification of fire or emergency to those within theplant and to the avallablepublic or mutual aid fire department shall be provided. (306-5.5.1)

CHAFFER 29 (Reserved)

CHAP'r~ 3o UQUEHED PETROLEUM GASES/ LIQUEFIED NATURAL GASES

SECTION 30-1 GENERAL P R O V I S I O N S

30.1.1 Application.

$0.1.1.1 The storage and handling of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LP-Gas or LPG) shall be in accordance with this chapter and NFPA 58, listed in Chapter 43.

$0-1.1.2 Plans for fixed (stationary) installations of LP-Gas utilizing storage containers of over 2,000 gal (7.6 m s) individual water capacity, or with aggregate water capacity exceeding 4,000 gal (1.51 mS), shall be submitted to the authorityhavingjurisdictionbefore the installation is started. (58-1-5.1.1) .,

30.1.2 Permits Required. (See Section 1-15.)

30-1.3 Special D e f ' m i f l o n a . ( 5 8 - 1 - 7 )

A~M~E. American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

ASM~ Container (or Tank). A container constructed in accordance with the ASME Code.

Cylinder. A portable container constructed to DOT (formerly ICC) cylinder specifications or, in some cases, constructed in accordance with the ASME Code of a similar size and for similar service. The maximum size permitted under DOT specifications is 1,000 Ib (454 kg) water capacity.

Vaporizer. A device other than a container that receives LP.Gas in liquid form and adds sufficient heat to convert the liquid to a gaseous state.

Vaporizer, Direct-Fired. A vaporizer in which heat furnished by a flame is directly applied to some form of heat exchange surface in contact with the hquid IN-Gas to be vaporized. This classification includes submerged-combustion vaporizers.

Vaporizer, Indirect (also called Indirea-Fh'ed). A vaporizer in which heat furnished by steam, hot water, the ground, surrounding air or other heating medium is applied to a vaporizing chamber or to tubing, pipe coils or other heat exchanjge surface containing the liquldLPdSas to be vaporized; the heaung of the medium used being at a point remote from the vaporizer.

SECI'ION 30.2 IN-GAS EQUIPMENT AND APPLIANCES

30-2.1 Containers.

$0-2.1.1 Nonrefrigerated containers shall complywith'30-2.1.2 or shall be designed, fabricated, tested, and marked using criteria which incorporate an investigation to determine that it is safe and suitable for the proposed service, is recommended for that service by the manufacturer, and is acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. Refrigerated containers shall comply with Chapter 8 of NFPA 58. ( 5 8 - 2 . 2 . 1 . 2 ) " . '

30-2.1.2 Containers shall be designed, fabricated, tested, and marked (or stamped) in accordance with the Regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), the "Rules for the Construe-

N F P A 1 R A 9 2 T C R

don of Unfired Pressure Vessels," Section VIII, Division 1, AS?dE and Pressure Vessd G ~ or the API-ASME C.~for Unfired ~.ts'urs

Ve.tsdsforPetrobum L/fu/ds and Gases applicable at the date of manufacture; and as follows:

(a) Adherence to applicable ASME Code Case Interpretations and Addenda shall be considered as compliance with the ASME Code. "

(b) Containers fabricated to earlier editions of regulations, rules or codes listed in 30-2.1.2 and the ICC Rules for Construction of Unfired Pressure Vessels, prior to April I, 1967, may continue in use in accordance with 1-2.4.1 of NFPA 58. ( 5 8 - 2 - 2 . 1 . 3 )

30-2.1.$ Containers showing serious dendng, bulging, gouging or excessive corrosion shall be removed from service. (58>2.2.1.5)

30-2.1.4 Repair or alteration of containers shall complywith the Regulations, Rules or Code under which the container was fabricated. Other welding is permitted only on saddle plates, lugs, or brackets attached tu the container by the container manufacturer. (58-2-2.1.6)

30-2,1.5 Containers for general use shall not have individual water capacities greater than 190,000 gal (454 mS). Containers in service stations shall not have individual water capacities greater than 30,000 beai (114 mS). (58-2-2.1.7)

30-2.1.6 Portable containers of 1,000 lb (454 kg) [nominal 120 ffal (0.5 mS)] water capacity or less shall incorporate protection against physical damage to container appurtenances and-immediate connections to these while in transit, storage, while being moved into position for use, and when in use except in residential and commercial installations, by:.

(a) Recessing connections into the container so that valves will not be struck ff the container is dropped on a fiat surface, or,

(b) A ventilated cap or collar designed to permit adequate pressure relief valve discharge and capable of withstanding a blow from any direction equivalent to that of a 30 lb (14 kg) weight dropped 4 R (1.2 m). Construction shall be suchthat the force of the blow will not be transmitted to the valve. Collars shall be designed so that they do not interfere with the free operati.on of the cylinder valve. (58-2-2.4.1)

$0-2.1.7 Portable containers of more than 1,000 lb (454 kg) [nominal 120 gal (0.5 mS)] water capacity, including skid tanks or for use as cargo containers, shall incorporate protection against physical damage to container appurtenances by recessing, protective - housings, or by location on the vehicle. Such protection shall comply with the provisions under which the tanks are fabricated, and shallbe designed to withstand static loadings in any direction equal to twice the weight of the container and attachments when filled with IN-Gas, using a safetyfactor of not less than four, based on the ultimate strength of the material to be used. (See Chapters 3 and 6 of NFPA 58 for additional provisions applying to the IN-Gas System used). (58.2.2.4.2)

30.2.1.8 Horizontal containers of 2,000 gal (7.8 m s) water capacity or less, designed for permanent installation in stationary service, may be equipped with nonfireproofed structural steel supports and designed to permit mounting on firm foundations in accordance with items (a) or (b).

(a) For installation on concrete foundations raised above the ground level by more than 12 in. (305 mm), the structural steel supports shall be designed so that the bottoms of the horizontal members are not less than 2 in. (51 mm), nor more than 12 in. (305 mm) below the outside bottom of the container s.helL

(b) For installation on paved surfaces or concrete pads within 4 i n. (102 mm) ofgronnd level, the structural steel supports may be designed so that the bottoms of the structural members are not more than 24 in. (610 mm) below the outside bottom of the container shell. (58-2-2.5.2)

$0.2.1.9 Containers to be used as portable storage containers for temporary stationary service (normally less than 12 months at any given location) and to be moved only when substantially empty of liquid shall complywith items (a) and (b).

204

N F P A 1 - - A92 TCR

(a) If mounted on legs or supports, such supports shall be of steel, ~• and shall either be welde¢[ to the container by the manufacturer

at the time of fabrication or shall be attached to lugs which have been so welded to the container. The legs or supports or the lugs for the attachment of these legs or supports shall be secured to the container in accordance with the code or rule under which the container is designed and built, with a minimum factor of safety of four, to withstand loading in any, direction equal to twice the weight of the empty container and attachments.

(b) If the container is mounted on a trailer or semitrailer running gear so that the unit can be moved by a conventional over-the- road tractor, attachment to the vehicle, or attachments to the container to make it a vehicle, shall comply with the appropriate DOT requirements for cargo tank service; except that stress calculations shall be based on twice the weight of the empty container. The unit shall also comply with applicable State and DOT motor carrier regulations and shall be approved by the authority having jurisdiction. (58-2-2.5.4)

30--2.1.10 Container Marklnn-

$0-2.1.10.1 Containers shall be marked as provided in the Regula- tions, Rules or Code under which they are fabricated and in accordance with 30-2.1.10.2 through 30-2.1.10.5 (58-2-2.6.1)

30-2.1.10.2 When LP-Gas and one or more other compressed gases are to be stored or used in the same area, the containers shall be be marked "Flammable" and either q_P-Gas," q-.PG," "Propane" or "Butane." Compliance with marking requirements of Title 49 of the Code 0fFedera2 Regu/at/ons shall meet this provision. (58-9.2.6.2)

$0-2.1.10.3 When bein~ transported, portable DOT containers shall be marked and labeled m accordance with Title 49 of the Code of Fedora/P,~u/a~n.~ (58-2-2.6.3)

30-2.1.10.4 Portable DOT containers designed to be filled by weight, including those optionally filled volumetrically but which may require check welghing, shall be marked with:

Ca) The water capacity of the container in lb. (b) The tare weight of the container in lb, fitted for service.

The tare weight is the container weightplus the weight of all" permanently attached valves and other ~ fittings, but does not include the weight of protecting devices removed in order to load the container. (58-2-2,6.4)

30-2.1.10.5 ASME containers shall be marked in accordance with 30- 2.1.10.5 Ca) through (1). The marking specified shall be on a stainless steel metal nameplate attached to the container, so located as to remain visible after the container is installed. The nameplate shall be attached in such a way to minimize corrosion of the nameplate or its fastening means and not contribute to corrosion of the container.

(a) Service forwhich the container is designed; i.e. underground, aboveground, or both.

!b) Name and address of container supplieror trade name o~f cont~mer.

(c) Water capacityofcontainer in lb or U.S. Gallons. (d) Design pressure in psig. (e) The wording ~rhis container shall not contain a product

having a vapor pressure in excess of psig at 100°F. ~ (see table 58-2-2.2.2.)

if) Tare weight of container fitted for service for containers to filled by weight.

(g) Outside surface area in ~ ft. (h) Year of manufacture. (i) Shell thickness, head thickness.

OL OD HD ) Manufacturer's serial number.

(i) ASME Code Symbol. (58-2-2.6.5) .

30-2.2 Container Appurtenances.

30-2.2.1 Container appurtenances shall be fabricated ofmateriais suitable for LP-Gas service and resistant to the action of LP-Gas Under service conditions and shall comply with 2-3 of NFPA 58.

$0-2.$ Piping (Induding Hose), Fittings, and Valves.

30-2.3.1 Piping (Including Hose), fittings, and valves shall comply with 2-4 of NFPA 58.

x

$0-2.$.2 Emergency shutoffvalves shall be approved and incorporate all of the following means of closing:

(a) Automatic shutoffthrough thermal (fire) actuation. When fusible elements are used they shall have a melting point not exceeding 250°F (121°C).

(b) Manual shutofffrom a remote location.

(c) Manual shutoffat the installed location. (58-2-4.5.4)

$0-2.$.$ Hose, hose connections and flexible connectors shall be fabricated of materials resistant to the action of LP-Gas both as liquid and vapor. If wire braid is used for reinforcement it shall be of corrosion resistant material such as a stainless steel. (58-2-4.6.1)

i

$0-2.$.4 Hydrostatic relief valves desi!~ned to relieve the hydrostatic pressure which might develop in sectmns of liquid piping between closed shutoffvalves shall have pressure settings not less than 400 psig (2.8 MPa gauge) or more than 500 psig (5.5 MPa gauge) unless installed in ~/stems designed to operate above 350 psig (2.4 MPa gauge). Hydrostatic relief valves for use in systems des|~ned to operate above 350 psig (2.4 MPa gauge) shall have semngs not less than 110 percent or more than 125 percent of the system design pressure. (58-2-4.7.1)

SECTION 30-$ INSTALLATION OF LP-GAS SYSTEMS

$0-3.1 General Prov~ions.

$0-3.I.I Location of Containers. • J

30-$.1.I.I Containers installed outsxde of buildings, whether of the portable type replaced on a cylinder exchange basis, or permanently installed and refilled at the installation, shalFbe located with respect to the nearest container, important building, group of buildings, or line of adjoining property which may be built upon, in accordance with Tables 3-2.2.2, 5-2.2.3, and 3-2.2.5 of NFPA-58. (58.5-2.2.2)

'$0-$.1.1.2 The following provisions shall apply:

(a) Containers shall not be stacked one above the other.

(b) Loose or piled combustible material and weeds and long dry grass shall not be permitted within 10 ft (3 m) of any container.

(c) Suitable means shall be used to prevent the accumulation or flow of liquids having flash points below 200°F (93.4°C) under adjacent LP-Gas containers such as by dikes, diversion curbs or n eterminatioo fl h points shall be in accor ce with

(d) When tanks containing flammable or combustible liquids are within a diked area, LP-Gas containers shall be outside the diked area and at least 10 ft (3 m) away from the centerline of the wall of

• the diked area.

(e) The minimum horizontal separation between aboveground LP-Gas containers and aboveground tanks containing liquids having flash points below 200°F (93A°C) shall be 20 ft (6 m). T~is provision shall not apply when LP-Gas containers of 125 gal (0.5 m ) or less water ~pacity are installed adjacent to fuel oil supply tanks of 660 gal (2.5 m ) or less capacity. No horizontal separation is required between aboveground LP-Gas containers and underground tanks containing flammable or combustible liquids installed in accordance with NFPA 30. See 30-3.1.1.2(c) for flash point determination.

(f) The minimum separation between LP-Gas containers and 'oxygen or gaseous hydrogen containers shall be in accordance with Table 5-2.2.6(0 of NFPA58 except that lesser distances are permitted where protective structures having a minimum fire resistance rating of two hours interrupt the line of sight between uninsulated portions of the oxygen or hydrogen containers and the LP-C.as containers. The location and arrangement of such structures shall minimize the problems cited in the Note to 30-3.1.1.3. Also, see NFPA 50 and 51 for oxygen systems and NFPA 50A on gaseous hydrogen systems. The minimum separation between LP.Gas containers and liquefied hydrogen containers shall be in accordance with NFPA50B.

(g) Where necessary to prevent flotation due to possible high flood waters around above,round containers, or high water table for those underground, containers shall be ~curely anchored.

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N F P A 1 - - A 9 2 T C R

(h) Where LP-Gas containers are to be stored or used in the same area with other compressed gases, the containers shall be marked to iden "t~ their content in accordance with ANSI Standard 748.1, Method of Marking Porta~ Compressed Gas Containers to Identify the M ~ Con~ned (CGA 04) .

(i) No part of an aboveground LP-Gas container shall be located in the area 6 ft (1.8 m) horizontally from a vertical plane beneath overhead electric power lines that are over 600 volts, nominal. (58-3-2.2.6)

$0.3.1.1.$ Structures such as fire wails, fences, earth or concrete barriers and other similar structures shall be avoided around or over instaUed nonrefrigerated contaifiers.

• Exception No. 1: Such structures partialbj enclosing containers arepenni~ble if d~ignai in accordanc~ with a sound fire protectlon analysiJ.

FaCtion No. 2: Structures used to prevent flaramabb or com~tibb liquid accumulation or flow are penni~bls in accordance with 30-3.1.2(c).

Exception No. 3: Structures ~ LP-Gas containers and gas~us hydrogen containers are pp, missibb in accordance with 30-3.1.1.2(~.

Exc~tion No. 4:Fenc~arepomlg6bbin~ncewith30-3.2 .1 .1 of this docdmen~

NOTE: The presence of such structures can create significant hazards, e.g., pocketing of escaping gas, interference with application of cooling water by fire departments, redirection of flames against containers, and impeding egress of personnel in an emergency. (58- 3-2.2.8)

30-3.1.2 Installation of Containers.

30-3.1.2.1 Containers shall be installed in accordance with items (a) through (f):

(a) DOT cylinder specification containers shall be installed only aboveground, and shall be set upon a firm foundation, or otherwise firmly secured. Flexibility shall be provided in the connecting piping.

(b) All containers shall be positioned so that the pressure relief" valve !s in direct communication with the vapor space of the container.

(c) Where physical damage to LP.Gas containers, or systems of which they are a part, from vehicles is a possibility, precautions against such damage shall be taken.

(d) The installation position of ASME containers shall make all container appurtenances accessible for their normally intended use.

(e) Field welding on containers shall be limited to attachments to nonpressure parts, such as saddle plates, wear plates or brackets appliedby.the container manufacturer. Welding to container proper shall comply with 30-2.1.4,

(0 Aboveground containers shall be kept properly painted. (58-3-2.3.1)

30-$.1.3 Installation of Pipe, Tubing, Pipe and Tubing Fittings, Valves and Hose.

$0.$.I.$.1 Metallic piping outside buildings may be underground or aboveground or both. Aboveground piping shall be well supported and protected against physical damage. Where underground piping is beneath driveways, roads or streets, possible damage by vehicles shall be taken into account. NonmetalLic piping, inc|udmg the nonmetallic portion.~ of transition fittings, shallbe installed outside, a minimum of f2 in. (305 mm) underground and in accordance with the piping manufacturer's instructions. (58-3-2.7.6)

$0-$.1.$.2 Hose may be used on the low pressure side of regulators to connect to other than domestic and commercial appliances as follows:

(a) The appliance connected shall be of a portable type.

(b) For use inside buildings, the hose shall be of a minimum • length, not exceeding 6 ft (1.8 m ] [except as provided for in 3-

4.2.3(b) of NFPA 58], and shall not extend from one room to another, nor pass though any partitions, walls, ceilings or floors

I

(except as provided for in 30-3.S.2.6). It shall not be concealed from view or used in concealed locations. For use outside buildings, hose length may exceed 6 ft (1.8 m), but shall be kept as short as practicable.

(c) Hose shall be securely connected to the appliance. The use of rubber slip ends is not permissible.

(d) A shutoffvalve shall be provided in the piping immediately upstream of the inlet connection of the hose.

When more than one such appliance shutoff is located near another, precautions shall be taken to prevent operation of the wrong valve.

(e) Hose used for connecting appliances to wall or other outlets shall be protected against phDlcal damage. (58-3-2.7.10)

$0.&1.4 Equipment Installation.

$0.&1.4.1 LP-Gas engine fuel dispensing devices installed in service stations'shall be installed as recommended by the manufacturer and in accordance with items (a) through (h).

(a) Installation shall not be within a building, but may be under weather shelter or canopy, provided this area is adequately ven.fi]ated and is not enclosed for more than 50 percent of its peruneter.

(b) Dispensing devices shaU be located as follows:

(1) Not less than 10 ft (3 m) from aboveground storage containers of more than 2,000 gal (7.6 m s) water capacity.

(2) Not less than 20 ft (6 m) from any building [not including canopies covered in item (a) above, basement, cellar, pit or line of adjoining property which may be built upon. -

(3) Not less than 10 ft (3 m) from sidewalks, streets or thoroughfares.

(c) Dispensing devices shall either be installed on a concrete foundation or be part of a complete storage and dispensing unit mounted on a common base [to be mounted as provided in 30- 3.1.2.1 (b) and (d)]. In either case, they shall be adequately protected against physical damage.

(d) Control for the pump used to transfer LP-Gas through the dispensing device into motor vehicle tanks shall ,be provided at the device in order to minimize the possibility of leakage or accidental discharge. The following also shall apply:

(1) Means shall be provided at some point outside the dispensing device, such as a remote switch, to shut off the power in the event of fire or accident.

(2) A manual shutoffvalve and an excess-flow check valve of suitable capacity shall be located in the liquid line between the pump and dispenser inlet only when the dispensing device is installed at a remote location and not part of a complete storage and dispensing unit mounted on a common base.

(e) Provision shall be made for venting the LP-Gas contained in the dispenser to a safe location.

(0 The dispensing hose shall comply with 30-2.3.3. An excess- flow check valve or an automatic shutoffvalve shall be installed at the terminus of the liquid piping at the point of attachment of the dispensing hose. A differential hack pressure valve shall be considered as meeting this provision.

(g) Piping leading to, and within the dispenser, and the dispensing hose shall be provided with hydrostatic relief valves as specified in 3-2.8.1 of NFPA 58.

(h) No drains or blowoffs from the dispensing device shall be directed toward, or be in close proximity to, sewer systems. (58-3- 2.10.8)

305.2 Distributing and Induslrial LP-Gm SyBtemg.

SO.&2.1 Protection Against Tampering for S~tem8 Covered by Section 3.3 of NFPA 58.

206

NFPA 1 --A92 TCR

$0-3.2.1.1 To minimize the possibilities for trespassing and tamper- hag, the area that includes container appurtenances, pumping equipment, loading and unloading facilities and container filling facilities shall be protected by one of the following methods:

(a) Enclosure with at least a 6-ft (1.8-m) high indnstrlal-type fence, unless otherwise adequately protected. There shall be at least two means of emergency access from the fenced or other enclosure. Clearance shall be prowded to permit maintenance to be performed and a clearance of at least 3 ft C1 m) shall be provided to'allow emergency access to the required means of egress, lfgnard service is provided, it shall be extended to the LP-Gas instaUation. Guard personnel shall be properly trained.

Exception: l f a fencat or othmaise enclosed area is not over 100 sq f l (9 n~ ) in area, the pm'm of transfer is within 3 f l (1 ra) of a gaU and containers being filled are not locatai within the cadoi'ure, a sedrtuf ga~ need not be providat.

(b) As an alternate to fencing the operating area, suitable devices that can be locked in place shall be provtded. Such devices, when in place, shall effectivelyprevent unauihorized operation of any of the container appurtenances, system valves or eqmpment. (58-3-3.6.1)

3o-3.2.2 I~ang.

30-3.2.2.1 If operations are normally conducted during other than daylight hours, adequate lighting shall be provided to illuminate storage containers, containers being loaded, control .valves and other equipment. (58-3-3.7.1) -

30-5.$ LP-Ges Systems in Buildln~ or on BulIdtng Roofs orExterior Balconies.

80-3.3.1 'General Provisions for Containers, Equipment, Piping, and Appliances.

30-3.3.1.1 Containers, regulating equipment, manifolds, pipe, tubing, and hose shall belocatedso-as to minimize exposure to abnormally high temperatures (such as might result from exposure to convection and radiation from heating equipment or installation in

. confined spaces), physical damage or tampering by unauthorized persons. (50-3-4.2.4)

30-$.$.1.2 Heat producing equipment shall be located and used so as to minimize the possibility of the ignition of combustibles. (58-3- 4.2.5)

30-3.$.1.S Where containers are located on a floor, roof, or balcony, rovisions shall be made to minimize the possibility of containers ling over the edge.

(a)' Filling containers oh roofs or balconies is prohibited. (58-3-4.2.6)

30-3.3.1.4 Transportation (movements) of containers within a building shall complywith items (a) through (d).

(a) Movement of containers having water capacities greater than 2 1/2 lb (1 ks) [nominal 1 lb (0.45 ks) LP-Gas capacity] within a building shall be restricted to movement directly associated with the uses covered by Sections 3-4.3 through 3-4.9 of NFPA 58 and be /:onducted in accordance with these provisions and (b) through (d).

(b) Valve oudets on containers having water capacities greater than 2 1/2 lb (1 ks) [nominal 1 lb (0.45 ks) LP-Gas capacity] shall be tightly plugged and the provisions of 30-2.1.6 shall be complied with.

(c) Only emergency stairways not generallyused by the public shall be usedand reasonable precautions shall be taken to prevent the container from falling down the stairs..

(d) Freight or passenger elevators may be used when occupied only by those engaged in moving the container. (58-3-4.2.7)

30-3.$.1.5 Portable heaters, including salamanders, shall be equipped with an approved automatic device to shut off the flow of gas to the main burner, and pilot if used, in the event of flame extinguishment or combustion failure. Such portable heaters shall be self-supporting unless designed for container mounting. (See 30-3.3.2.$)

Container valves, connectors, regulators, manifolds, piping, or tubing shall not be used as structural supports. The following shall also apply:

(a) Portable heaters manufactured on or after May 17, 1967,

having an input of more than 50,000 Btuh (53 MJ/h), and those manufactured prior to May 17, 1967, with inputs of more than 100,000 Bmh (105 MJ/h), shall be equippedwith either. "

(1) A pilot which must be lighted and proved before'the main burner can be turned on, or , ,

(2) An approved electric ignition system.

(b) The provisions of 30-3.3.1.5 are not applicable to t h e following~

(1) Tar kettle burners, hand torches or melting pots.

(2) Portable heaters with less than 7,500 Btuh (8 MJ/h) input if • used with containers having a maximum water capacity of 2 1/21b (1 ks). (58-3-4.2.8)

80-8.3.2 BuiJdi,~ Under C o ~ n or Undergoing Major Renovation.

$0-$.$.2.1 Containers may be used and transported in buildings or structures under construction or undergoing major renovation when such buildings are not occupied by the public or, if partially occupied by the public, containers may be used and tramported in the- unoccupied portions with the prior approval of the authority having iurisdiction. Such use shall be in accordance with 3-4.3.1 through 3- 4.$.8 of NFPA 58. (58-3-4.3.1) '

$0-$.$.2.2 For temporax~, heatlng, such as curing concrete, drying plaster, and similar apphcations,~heaters (other than integral heater- container units covered in 30.3.3.2.3) shall be located at least 6 ft (1.8 m) from any LP-Gas container. (58-3-4.3.3)

50-3.3.2.3 Integral heater-contalner traits specifically desil~Ined for the attachment of the heater to the container, or to a suppornng standard attached to the container, may be used, prowded they are - designed and installed so as to prevent dii'ect or radiant heat application to the container. Blower and radiant type units shall not be directed toward any LP-Gas container within 20 ft (6 m). (58-3. 4.3.4)

$0.$.3.2.4 If two of" more heater-contalner units of either the integral or non-integral type are located in an unpartitioned area on the same floor, the container(s) of each such unit shall be separated from the container(s) of any other such unit by at least 20 ft (6 m). (58-3.4.3.5)

$0-S.$.2.5 If heaters are connected to containers manifolded together for use in an unpartitioned area on the same floor, the total water capacity of containers manifolded together serving any one heater shall not be greater than 735 Ib (333 ks) [nominal 300 Ib (136 ks) LP-Gas capacity], and if there is more than one such manifold it shall be separatedfrom any other by at least 20 ft (6 m). (50-3-4.3.6)

$0-$.$.2.6 On floors on which no heaters are connected for use, containers may be manifolded together for connection to a heater or heaters on another floor, provided:

(a) The total water capacity of the containers connected to any one manifold is not greater than 2,450 Ib ( I I I I ks) [nominal 1,000 Ib (454 ks) LP-Gas capacity], and

(b) Manifolds of more than 735 Ib (333 kg) water capacity [nominal 300 Ib (136 kg) LP-Gas capacity], if located in the same unpartitioned area, shall be separated from each other by at least 50 ft (15 m). (58-3-4.3.7) .

50-5.3.2.7 The provisions of 30-3.3.2.4, 30-3.3.2.5 and 30.3.3.2.6 may be altered by the authority having jurisdiction if compliance is impractical. (50-3.4.3.8)

30-$.$.$ BuBdln~s Undergoing Minor Renovation when F_,-~uented by the Public.

$0-$.3.$.1 Containers may be used and-u-ansported for repair or minor renovation in buildings frequented by the public as follows:

\ (a) Duringthe hours of the day the public normally is in the

building the following shall apply:

(I) The maximum water capacity of individual contahlers shall be 50 Ib (23 ks) [nominal 20 Ib (9 ks) LP-Gas capacity] and the number of containers in the building shall not exceedthe number of workers assigned to using the LP-Gas.

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N F P A 1 - - A 9 2 T C R

(2) Containers having a water capacity greater than 2 1/2 lb (1 kg) [nominal 1 lb (0.45kg) LP-Gas capacity] shah not be left unattended.

(b) During the hours of the day when the building is not open to the pubfic, containers may be used and transported in the building for repair or minor renovation in accordance with 3-4.2 and 3-4.3 of NFPA 58, provided, however, that containers with a greater water capacity.than 2 1/2 lb (1 kg) [nominal 1 lb (0.45 kg) LP-Gas capacity] shall not be left unattended. (58-,3-4.4.1)

50-&5.4 Buildings Housing Industrial Occupandes.

30-3.3.4.1 Containers may be used in buildings housing industrial occupancies for processing, research, or experimental purposes as follows:.

(a) Containers, equipment, and piping used shall comply with 3- 4.2 of NFPA 58.

(h) If containers are manifolded together, the total water capacity of the connected containers shall be not more than 735 lb (333 kg) [nominal 300 lh (136 kg) LP.Gas capacity]. If there is more than one such manifold in a room, it shall be separated from any other by at least 20 ft (6 m).

(c) The amount of LP-Gas in containers for research and experimental use in the building shall be limited to the smallest practical quantity. (58-3-4.5.1) "

30-$.$.4.2 Containers may be used to supply fuel for temporary heating in buildin, gs housm?giindustrial occupancies with essentially. noncombusuble contents, if portable equipment for space heaung is essential and a permanent heating installation is not practicable, provided containers and heaters comply with and are used in accordance with 3.4.3 of NTPA 58. (58-3-4.5.2)

30-3.3.5 Buildings Housing Educational and Institutional Occupan- cies.

30-3.3.5.1 Containers may be used in buildings housing educational and institutional laboratory occupancies for research and experimental purposes, but not in classrooms, as follows:

(a) The maximum water capacity of individual containers used shall be:

(1) 501b (23 kg) [nominal 20 lb (9 kg) LP-Gas capacity] if used in educational occupancies.

(2) 12 lb (5.4 kg) [nominal 5 lb (2 kg) LP-Gas capacity] if used in institutional occupancies.

(b) If more than one such container is located in the same room, the containers shall be separated by at least 20 ft (6 m).

(c) Containers not connected for use shall be stored in accordance with NTPA 58 Chapter 5, except that they shall not be stored in a laboratory room. (58-3-4.6.1)

30-3.$.fi Temporary Heating in Buildings in Emergencies.

$0-3.3.6.1 Containers may be used in buildings for temporary emergency heating purposes if necessary to prevent damage to the buildings or contents, and if the permanentheating syster~ is temporarily out of service, provided the containers and heaters comply with and are used and transported in accordance with 34.2 and 3-4.3 of NFPA 58, and the temporary heating equipment is not left unattended. (58-34.7.1)

30-3.3.7 Use in Bfdldings for Demonstrations or Training, or in Small Containers.

30-3.3.7.1 Containers having a maximum water capacity of 121b'(5.4 kg) [nominal 5 lb (2 kg) LP-Gas capacity] may be used temporarily inside buildings for public exhibitions or demonstrations, including use in classroom demonstrations. If more than one such container is located in the same room, the containers shall be separated by at least 20 ft (6 m). (58-34.8.1)

$0-3.$.7.2 Containers may be used temporarily in buildin@ for training purposes related to the installation and use of LP:Gas systems, provided:

(a) The maximum water capacity of individual containers shall be 245 Ib (111 kg) [nominal 100 lb (,45 kg) LP-C, as ca]~city], but not more than 20 Ib (9 kg) of LP-Gas may be placed in a angle container.

(b) " If more than one such container is located in the same room, the containers shall be separated by at least 20 ft (6 m).

(c) The training locadon shall be acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

(d) Containers shall be promptly removed from the building when the training class has terminated. (58~.8:2)

$0-$.$.7.$ Except as stipulated in this item (a) containers ha~ing a maximum water capacity of 2 1/2 lb (1 kg) [nominal 1 Ib (0.45 kg) LP-Gas capacity] may be used in buildings as part of approved self- contained torch assemblies or similar appliances. "

(a) Containers of any capacity used to supply appliances for residential or commerdalfood service shall not be used in buildings except as provided in 30-3.E7.1. (58-3-4.8.8)

$0-&$.8 Portable Containers o n Roofs or Exterior Ba lcon i~ .

$0~.$.8.1 Containers may be permanently installed on roofs of buildings Of fire-resistive construction, or noncombustible construe. tion having essentially noncombustible contents, or of other construction or contents which are protected with automatic sprinklers in accordance with 3-4.2 of NFPA 58 and the following:

(a) The total water capacity of containers connected to any one manifold shall not be greater than 980 lb (445 kg) [nominal 400 lb (181 kg) LP-Gas capacity]. If more than one manifold is located on the roof, it shall be separated from any other by at least 50 ft (15 m).

(b) Containers shall be located in areas where there is free air circulation, at least 10 ft (3 m) from building openings (such as windows and doors) and at least 20 ft (6 m) from air intakes of air conditioning and ventilating systems.

(c) Containers shall'not be located on roofs which are entirely enclosed by parapets more than 18 in. (457 mm) high unless either (1) the parapets are breached with Io~levei ventilauon openings no more than 20 ft (6 m) apart, or (2) all openings commumcating with the interior of the building are at or above the top of the parapets.

(d) Piping shall be in accordance*with 3-4.2.3 of NTPA58, provided, however, that hose shall not be used for connecting to containers.

(e) The fire department shall be advised of each such installation. (58-3-4.9.1)

30-3.3.8.2 Containers having water capacities greater than 2 1/2 lb (1 kg) [nominal 1 lb (0.5 kg) LP-Gas capacity] shall not be located on balconies above the first~fioor attached to a multiple family dwelling of three or more living units located one above the other.

Exception: Not applicable when such balconies are s4nvat by outside stainmys and when only such stairways are ussd to transport tlw amtainer. (58-3- 4.9.2)

30-$.4 Fire Protection.

30-3.4.1 General.

30-3.4.1.1 The wide range in size, arrangement and location of LP- Gas installations covered by NFPA 58 precludes the inclusion of detailed fire protection provisions completely applicable to all installations.Provisions in this section are subject to verification or modification through ar/alysis of local conditions. (58-3-10.2.1)

30-3.4.1.2 The planning for effective measures for control of inadvertent LPd3as release or fire shall be coordinated with local emergency handling agencies, such as fire and police departments. Such measures require specialized knowledge and training not commonly present in the training programs of emergency handling agencies. Planning shall consider the safety of emergency personnel. (58-3-10.2.2)

30-3.4.1.$ Except as provided in 30-3.4.1.4 or 30-3.4.1.5, fire protection shall be provided for installations having storage containers with an aggregate water capacity of more than 4000 gal (15 m ) subject to exposure from a single fire. The mode of such

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NFPA 1 - - A92 T c R

])orOtection shall be arrived at through competent fire safety analysis of ca1 conditions of hazard within the contmner site, exposure to or

from other properties, water supply, the probable effectiveness of plant fire brigades, and the time of response and probable effectiveness of fire departments.

(a) The first consideration in such an analysis shall consist of the use of water applied by hose streams by the fire brigade or fire department for the effective control of hazardous leakage or fire exposing storage tanks, cargo vehicles or railroad tank cars which may

present.

NOTE: Experience has indicated that hose stream application of water in adequate quantities as soon as possible after-the initiation of flame contact is an effective way to prevent container failure from fire exposure. The majority of large containers exposed to suWlcient fire to result in container failure have failed in from 10 to 30 minutes after the start of the fire when water was not applied. Water in the form of a spray can also be used to control unignited gas leakage. (58-3-10.2.3)

30-3.4.1.4 If the analysis specified in 30-8.4.1.8 indicates a serious hazard does not exist, the fire protection provisions of 30-3.4.1.3 need not apply. (58-3-10.2.4)

$0-$.4.1.5 If the analysis specified in 30-3.4.1.3 indicates that a serious hazard exists and the provisions of 30-3.4.1.3 cannot be met, special ~ o .tes~tion shall be provided in accordance with 30-3.4.2. (58-3-

30-$.4.1.6 Suitable roadways or other means of access for emergency equipment, such as fire department apparatus, shall be provided. (58-3-10.2.6)

$0-3.4.1.7 Each industrialplant, distributing plant and distributing point shall be provided with at least one approved portable fire extinguisher having a minimum capacity of 20 lb o~" dry chemical with a B:C rating. (58-3-10.2.7)

$0-$.4.1.8 LP-Gas fires shall not normally be extinguished until the source of the burning gas has been shut off or can be shut off. (58-3- 10.2.8)

$0-$.4~1.9 Emergency controls shall be conspicuously marked and the controls shall be located so as to be readxly accessible in emergencies. (58-3-10.2.9)

30-S'.4.2 Special Protec,flon.

$0-$.4.2.1 Ifinsuladon is used, it shall be capable of limiting the container temperature to not over 800°F (427°C) for a minunum of 50 minutes as determined by test with insulation applied to a steel plate and subjected to a test flame substantially over the area of the test plate. The insulatinn system shall be inherently resistant to weathering and the action of hose streams. (See Appendix H of NFPA 58) (58-3-10.$.1)

$0-&4.2.2 If mounding is utilized, the provisions of 3-2.3.7 of NFPA 58 shall constitute adequate protection. (58-3-10.3.2)

$0-$.4.2.8. If burial is utilized, the provisions of 3-2.3.8 of NFPA 58 shall constitute adequate protection. (58-3-10.8.8)

$0-3.4.2.4 If water spray fixed systems are used, they shall comply ' with NFPA 15. Such systems shall be automatically actuated by fire responsive devices and also have a capability for manual actuation. (58-3-10.3.4)

$0-$.4.2.5 If monitor fiozzles are used, they shall be located and arranged so that all container surfaces likely to be exposed to fire will be wetted. Such systems shall otherwise comply with NFPA 15, and shall be automatically actuated by fire responsive devices and also have a capability for manual actuation. (58-3-10.3.5)

SECTION 304 LP-GAS LIQUID TRANSFER

$04.1 Application.

$04.1.1 This section covert transfers of liquid I.P-Gas from one container to another whenever this transfer involves connections and disconnections in the transfer system, or the venting of LP-Gas to the atmosphere. Included are pro,asmns covering operational safety, location of transfer operations, and methods for determining the quantity of LP-Gas permitted in containers. (58.4-1.1.1)

i

30-4.2 Operational Safety.

$0-4.2.1 Transfer Personnel

SOA.2.1.1 Tr~sfer operations shall be conducted by qualified personnel meeting the provisions of 1-6.1.1 of NFPA 58. At least one qualified person shall remain in attendance at or near the transfer operation from the time connections are made until the transfer is completed, shutoff valves are closed, and lines are disconnected. (58- 4-2.m)

$0A.2.1.2 Transfer personnel shall exercise precaution to assure that the LP-Gases transferred are those for which the transfer system and the containers to be filled are designed. (58-4-2.1.2)

$0-4.2.2 Containers to Be Filled.

30-4.2.2.1 Containers shall be filledonly by the owner or upon the owner's authorization. (58-4-2.2.1)

$0A.2.2.2 Valve oudets on containers of I08 Ib (49 kg) water capacity [nominal 45 Ib (20 kg) propane capacity] or less shall be ecjuipped with an effective seal such as a plug, cap or an approved qmck closing coupling. This seal shall be in place whenever the container is not connected for use. Single trip nonrefillable, disposable, and new unused containers are excluded from this requii'ement. (58-4-2.2.2)

$0A.2.2.$ Containers shall be filled only after determination that they comply with the design, fabrication, inspection, marking, and

• requalificau.'on provisions of NFPA 58. (58-4-2.2.3)

$0A.2.2.4 DOT specification cylinders authorized as "single trip," "nonrefillable, or "disposable" containers shalf not be refilled with LP-Gas. (58 . .4 -2 .2 .4 )

30-4.$ Location of Transfer Operations.

30A.S.I General.

30-4.3.1.1 Liquid shall be transferred into containers, including containers mounted on vehicles, only outdoors or in structures especially designed for this purpose.

(a) Structures housing transfer operations or converted for such use after December 31, 1972, shall comply with NFPA 58, Chapter 7.

(b) The transfer of liquid into containers on the roofs of structures is prohibited. (58-4-3.1.1)

$0A.3.2 Containers in Stationary Installations.

$0-4.$.2.1 Containers located outdoors in stationary installations in accordance with NFPA 58, Section 3-2, and ec)uipped with appurtenances for filling at, or adjacent to, the contmner may be filled at that location, provided that a cargo vehicle is used for the delivery which complies with NFPA 58, Chapter 6 as to construction and method of operation. (58-4-3.2.1)

$0-4.3.2.2 If the point of transfer is not located at the container, it shall be located in accordance with $0-4.3.3. ( 5 8 - 4 - $ . 2 . 2 ) ,

30-4.3.3 Containers in Nonstationm T Installations.

80-4.3.$.1 This subsection includes provisions for filling of portable containers not a part of a stationary installation, including containers mounted on vehicles (including recreational vehicles) and industrial and agricultural equipment. (58-4-3.$.1)

$0-4.3.$.2 The point of transfer or the nearest pan of a structure housing trarisfer operations, whichever is closer, shall be located in accordance with Table 30-4 with respect to various types of exposures.

(a) If the point of transfer is a component of a system covered by NFPA 58 Sections 3-6 or 3-9 or part of a system installed in accordance with standards referenced in NFPA 58 3-1.1.4, Parts 1, 2 and $ of Table 30- 4 do not apply to the structure containing the point of transfer.

(b) If LP-C, as is vented to the atmosphere under the conditions stipulated in ~-4.4.1.1 (d), the distances in Table 30.4 shall be doubl .e d-

(c) If the point of transfer is housed in a structure complying with NFPA 58, Chapter 7, the distances in Table 30-4 may be reduced provided either the exposing wall(s) or the exposed wail(s) complies with NFPA 58, 7-3.1.1 (a). (58-4-3.3.2)

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$0r4.3.4 Cargo Vehicles.

30-4.3.4.1 Cargo vehicles unloading into storage containers shall be at least 10 ft (3 m) from the container and so positioned that the shutoffvalves on both the truck and the container are readily accessible. In the case of distributing points, such as I.P-C/as service stations, the truck or transport shall not be parked on a public way. (58-4-3.4.1)

30-4.4 Venting LP-Gu to the Atmosphere.

$0-4.4.1 General.

304.4.1.1 Except as provided in NFPA 58, 4-4.2 and 4-4.3, LP-Gas, in either liquid or vapor form, shall not be vented to the atmosphere except under the following conditions:

(a) Venting for the operation of fixed liquid level, rotary or slip tube gauges, provided the maxinium flow does not exceed that from a No. 54 drill orifice.

(b) Venting the LP-Gas between shutoffvalves before disconnecting the liquid transfer line from the container. When necessary, statable bleeder valves shall be used.

(c) LP-Gas may be vented for the purposes described in (a) and (b) within structures designed for container filling as provided in 30. 4.3.1.1 and NFPA 58, Chapter 7.

(d) Venting vapor from listed liquid transfer pumps using such • vapor as a source of energy, provided the rate of discharge does not exceed that from a No. 31 drill size opening. (58-4-4.1.1)

" Table 30-4

D i s t m ~ Between Point of Transfer and

Part Exposure Mla. Horizontal

Distance, Feet (Meters)"

I. 2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7o 8. 9.

Buildings ~ with fire resistive wails J 10 (3) Buildings ~ with other than fire resistive walls 25 (7.6) Building wail openings or pits at or below the level of the point of transfer 25 (7.6) Line of adjoining property which can be built upon 25 (7.6) Outdoor places of public assembly, including school yards, athletic fields and playgrounds 50 (15) Public ways, including public streets, highways, thoroughfares and sidewalks (a) From points of transfer in distributing points 10 (3) (b) From points of transfer in all other locations 25 (7.6) Driveways 5 (1.5) Mainline railroad track centerlines 25 (7.6) Containers' other than those being filled 10 (3)

STable 304 is not applicable to the transfer operations covered in 30-4.3.2.1.

"Buildings, for the purpose of this table, include structures such as mobile homes, recreational vehicles, modular homes, tents and box trailers at construction sites.

sWalls constructed of noncombustible materials having, as erected, a fire resistance of at least one hour as determined by NFPA 251, Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Building Constraction and Matetah. 4Not applicable to filling connections at the storage container or to

dispensing units of 2000 ~ml (7.6 m s) water capacit~ or less when used for filling containers itot mounted upon vehicles.

(58---Table 4-3.3.2)

SECTION $0.~ STORAGE OF PORTABLE C O N T ~ AWAITING USE OR REGALE

$0-5.1 Application.

$0-&I.I The provisions of this chapter are applicable to the storage of portable containers of 1,000 Ib (454 kg) water capacity, or less, whether filled, partially filled or empty (if they have been in LP.C, as service) as follows:

(a) At consumer sites or distributing points, but not connected for use.

(b) In storage for resale by dealer or reseller. (58.5-1.1.1)

50-5.1.2 The provisions of this chapter do not apply to:

(a) Containers stored at distributing plants. (58-5-1.1.2)

50-5.2 General ]~ro~om.

50-5.2.1 General LocalJon of Containers.

50-5.2.1.1 Containers in storage shall be so located as to minimize exposure to excessive temperature rise, physical damage or tampering. (58-5-2.1.1)

$0-5.1[.1.2 Containers in stor'aga having individual water capacity greater than 2 1/9 lb (1 kg) [nominal l lb (0.45 kg) LP.Ccas capacity] shall be p.ositioned such that the pressure relief valve is in direct commumcation with the vapor space of the container. (58-5-2.1.2)

$0-5.2.1.$ Containers stored in buildings in accordance with NFPA 58, Section 5-5 shall not be located near exits, stairways, or in areas normally used, or intended to be used, for the safe egress of people. (58-5-2,L3)

$0-5.2.1.4 Empty containers which have been in LP-Gas service shall preferably be stored in the open. If stored inside, they shall be considered as full containers for the purposes of determining the maximum quantities of LP-Gas permstted in 30-5.3.1.1, 30-5.3.2.1 and 30-5.3.3.1. (58-5-2.1.4)

$0-5.2.1.5 Containers not connected for use shall not be stored on roofs. (58-5-2.1.5)

30.5.2.2 Protection of Valves on Containers in Storage.

30-5.2.2.1 Container valves shall be protectecl as required by 30-2.1.6. Screw-on type caps or collars shall be securely in place on all containers storedregardless of whether they are full, partially full or empty, and container outlet valves shall be closed and plugged or capped. The provisions of 30-4.2.2.2 shall apply. (58-5-2.'2.1)

30-5.3 Storage within BuOdin~.

50-5.3.1 Storage within Buildings Frequented by the Public.

50-5.3.1.1 DOT specification cylinders with a maximum water capacity of 2 1/2 Ib (1 .k~), used with completely self-contained hand torches and similar apphcations, may be stored or displayed in a building frequented by the public. The quantity of LP-Gas shall not exceed200 lb (91 kg) except as provided in 30-5.3.3. (58-5-3.1.1)

50-5.5.2 Storage within Buildings Not Frequented by the Public (Such as Industrial Buildings).

30-5.5.2.1 The maximum quantity allowed in one storage location shall not exceed 735 lb (33] kg) water capacity [nominal 300 ib (136 kg) LP-Gas]. If additional storage locations are required on the same floor within the same building, they shall be separated by a minimum of 300 ft (91 m). Storage beyond these limitations shall comply with 30-5.3.3. ~(58-5-3.2.1)

$0-5.$.2.2 Containers carried as part of the service equipment on highway mobile vehicles are not to be considered in the total storage . capacity in 50-5.3.2.1 provided such vehicles are stored in private garages and carry no more than 3 LP-Gas containers with a total aggregate capacity per vehicle not exceeding 100 lb (45 kg) of LP- Gas. Container valves shall be closed when not in use. (58-5-3.2.2)

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NFPA

30-5.3.$ Storage within Special Buildings or Rooms. J 0 " •

30-5.$.$.1 The maximum quantity of LP-Gas which may be stored m special buildings or rooms shall be 10,000 lb (4 540 ks). (58-5-3.3.1)

$0-5.3.3.2 Special buildin~,s or rooms for storing LP-Gas containers shall not be located adjoining the line of property occu,vied by schools, churches, hospitals, athletic fields, or other points of public gathering. (58-5-3.3.9)

1

80-5.$.$.$ The construction of all such special buildings, and rooms within/or attached to, other buildings, shall k:omply with NFPA 58, Chapter 7 and the following:

(a) Adequate vents, to the outside only, shall be provided at both top an.d bottom, located at least 5 ft (1.5 m) away from any building opemng.

(b) The entire area shall be classified for purposes of ignition source control in accordance with NFPA 58 Section 3-8. (5,8-5-3.3.3)

$0-5.$.4 Storage Wlthin Residential,Buildlnn.

$0-5.$.4.1 ,Storage of containers ~ th in a residential building including the basement or any storage area in a common basement storage area in multiple familybuildings and attached garages shall be limited to 2 containers each with a maximum water capacit]t of 9 1/2 lb (1.'1 ks) and not exceed 5 ibs (2.3 ks) totalwater capacity for smaller containers per each living space unit. Each container shall meet DOT specifications. (58-5-3.4.1)

$0-5.4 Storage Outside of Bttildinmz.

30-5.4.1 Location of Storage Outside of Bui!dinm,.

$0-5.4.1.1 Storage outside of buildings for containers awaiting use or resale shall be located in accordance with Table 30-5 with respect to:

(a) Nearest important building or group of buildings.

(b) Line of adjoining property which may be built upon.

(c) Busy thoroughfares or sidewalks.

(d) Line of adjoining property occupied by schools, churches, hospitals, athletic fields, or other points of public gathering. (58-5- 4.1.1)

Table $0-5

. D'sumce to: Quantity of LP-Gas Stored . (a) and (b) (c) and (d)

500 Ib (227 kg) or less 0 0 501 (227+ kg) to 2,500 Ib

(1134 kg) , 0 lO ft (3 m) 2,501 (I 134+ kg) to 6,000

Ib (2721 kg) I0 ft (3 m) I0 ft (3 m) 6.001 (2721 + kg)to I0,000

Ib (4540 kg) 20 ft (6 m) 20 ft (6 m) Over I0.000 Ib (4540 kg) 25 ft (7.6 m) 25 ft (7.6 m)

(58--Table 5-4.1.1),

30-5.4.2 Protection of Containers.

80-5.4.2.1 Containers shall be stored within a suitable enclosure or otherwise protected against tampering. (58-5-4.2.1)

$0-5.4.3 Alternate Location and Protection of Storage.

30-5.4.$.1 Where the provisions of 30-5.4.1.1 and 30-5.4.9.1 are impractical at construction sites, or at buildings or structures undergoing major renovation or repairs, the storage of containers shall be acceptable to the authorityhavingjurisdiction. (58-5-4.3.1)

30-5.5 Fire Protection.

30-5.5.1 Fire Extingui~her Requirements.

1 - - A92 TCR

$0-5.5.1.'I Storage locations, other than supply depots at separate locations apart from those of the dealer, reseller, or user's establishments, shall be provided with at least one approved portable fire extinguisher having a minimum'capacity of 20 lb dry chemical with a B:C rating. (58-5-5.1.1)

SECTION 30-6 VEH/CUIAR TRANSPORTATION OF LP-GAS

50-6.1 Transportation in Portable Containers.

$0-6.1.1 'Transportation of DOT Specification Cylinders or Portable ASME Containers.

t

$0-6.I.I.I Portable containers having an individual water capacity not exceeding 1,000 lb (454 ks) [nominal 420 lb (191 ks) LP-Gas capacity], when filled with LP-Gas, shall be transported in accordance with 30-6.1.1.2 through 30-6.1.1.8. (58-6-2.2.1)

30-6.1.1.2 Containers shall be consu'ucted as provided in NFPA 58, Section 2-2 and equipped in accordance with NFPA 58, Section 2-3 for transportation as'portable containers. (58-6-2.2.2)

$0-6.1.1.$ Valves of containers shall be protected in accordance with 30-2.1.6. Screw-on type protecting caps or collars shall be secured in place.

(a) The provisions of 30-4.2.2.2 shall apply. (58-6-2.2.4)

$0-6.1.1A The cargo space of the vehicle shall be isolated from the driver's compartment, the engine and its exhaust system, except as. provided in 1tern (a). Open-bodied vehicles shall be considered as in compliance with this provision. Closed-bodied vehicles, having separate cargo, driver's, and engine compartments shall be considered as in compliance with this provision.

(a) Closed-bodied vehicles such as passenger cars, vans, and statioh wagons shall not be used for transporting more than 215 lb (98 ks) water capacity [nominal 90 lb (41 kg) LP-Gas capacity] but not more than 108 lb (49 kg) water capacity [nominal 451b (20 kS) LP-Gas capacity] per container, unless the driver's and engine comj5arunents are separated from the cargo space by a vapor-fight parution which contains no means of access to the cargo space. (58- 6-2.2.5)

, 30-6.1.1.5 Containers and their appurtenances shall be determined to be leak-free before being loadedinto vehicles. Containers shall be loaded into vehicles with substantially fiat floors or equipped with suitable racks for holdin~ containers. Containers shall be securely fastened in position to minimize the possibility of movement, tipping over, or physical damage. (58-6-2.2.6)

$0-6.1.L6 Containers having an individual water capacity exceedin~ 108 lb (49 ks) [nominal 45 lb (20 ks) LP-Gas capacity] transported m open vehicles shall be transported with the reliefdevxces in direct communication with the vapor spaces. Containers having an individual water capacity exceeding 10 lb (4.5 ks) [nominal 4.2 ib (2 ks) LP-Gas capacity] transported in enclosed spaces of the vehicle shall be transported with the relief device in direct communication with the vapor spaces. (58-6-9.2.7)

$0-6.1.1.7 Containers having an individual water capacity not exceeding 108 ]b (49 ks) [nominal 45 lb (20 ks) LP-Gas capacity] transported in open vehicles may be transported in other than the upright position. Containers having an individual water capacity, not exceeding 10 lb (4.5 ks) [nominal 4.9 lb (2 ks) LP-Gas capacityJ. transported in enclosed spaces of the vehicle may be transportect in other than the upright position. (58-6-2.9.8)

30-6.1.1.8 Vehicles transporting more than 1,000 lb (454 ks) of LP- Gas, including the weight of the containers, shall be placarded as required by DOT regulations and/or state law. (58-6-2.9.9)

$0-6.1.9 Fire Extinguishers.

30-6.1.2.1 Each truck or trailer wansporting portable containers as provided by 6-9.2 or 6-2.3 of NFPA 58 shall be equip~.d with at least one approved portable fire extinguisher having a minimum capacity of 20 lb dry chemical with a B:C rating. (58.6-2.4.1)

30-6.2 Parking and Garaging Vehicles Used to Carry LP-Gas Cargo.


211 i

N F P A 1 - - A 9 2 T C R

$04L2.1.1 This section applies to the parking (except parkitig associated with a liquid manffer operation) and g a t i n g of vehicles used for the transportation of LP-Gas. Such vehicles include those used to carry portable containers and those used to carry LP-Gas in cargo tanks. (58.6-6.1.1)

$0-6.2.2 partd,g of Veblel~.

$0-&2.2.1 Vehicles carrying or containing LP-C, as parked out-of. doors shall comply with the following:

(a) Vehicles, except in an emergency and except as provided in item (b), shall not be left unattended on any meet, highg-ay, avenue or alley, provided that this shall not prevent a driver from the necessaff absence from the vehicle in connecuon with his normal dudes, nor shall it prevent stops for meals or rest stops during the day or at night.

(b) Vehicles shall not be parked in congested areas. Such vehicles may be parked off the street in uncongested areas if at least 50 ft (15 m) from any building used for assembly, institutional or multiple residential occupancy. This shall not prohibit the parking of ve~icles carrying portable containers or cargo vehicles of 3~00 ~ ( 1 3 m ~) water capacity or less on streets adjacent to the driver's residence in uncongested residential areas, provided such points of parking are at least 5Oft (15 m) from a building used for assembly, institutional, or multiple residential occupancy. (58-6-6.2.1)

$0-8.2.2.2 Vehicles parked indoors shall comply with the following:

(a)' Cargo vehicles parked in any public garage or building shall have LP-Gasliquid removed from the cargo cont,~ner, piping, pump, meter, hoses and related equipment and the pressure in the delivery hose and related equipment reduced to approximately atmospheric, and all valves closed before being moved inside. Delivery hose or

• valve outlets shall be plugged or capped before the vehicle is moved inside.

(b) Vehicles used to carry portable containers shall not be moved into any public garage or building for parking until all portable containers have been removed from the vehicle.

(c) Vehicles carrying oi" containing LP-Gas are permitted to be parked in buildings complying with NFPA 58, Chapter 7 and located on premises owned or under the control of the operator of such vehicles provided:

, (1) The public is excluded from such buildings.

(2) There is adequate floor level ventilation in all parts of the building where these vehicles are parked.

(3) Leaks in the vehicle LP-Gas systems are repaired before the vehicle is moved inside.

(4) Primary shutoff valves on cargo tanks and other LP43as containers on the vehicle (except propulsion engine fuel containers) are closed and delivery hose outlets plugged or capped to contain system pressure before the vehicle is moved inside. Primary shutoff valves on LP-Gas propulsion engine fuel containers shall be closed when the vehicle is parked.

(5) No LP.Gas container is located near a source of heat or within the direct path of hot air being blown from a blower-type heater.

(fi) LP-Gas containers are gauged or weighed to determine that they are not filled beyond the mammum filling density according to 4-5.1 of NFPA 58. (58-6-6.2.2)

$0-8.2.2.$ Vehicles are permitted to be serviced or repaired indoors as follows:

(a) When it,is necessary to take a vehicle into any building located on premises owned and/or operated by the operator of such vehicle for service on engine or chasm, the provisions of 30-6.2.2.2 (a) or (c) shall be followed.

(b) When it is necessary to take a vehicle carrying or containing LP-Gas into any public garage or repair facility for service on the engine or chassis, the provisions of 30di.2.2.2 (a) or (b) shall be followed, unless the driver or qualified representative of an LP-Gas operator is in attendance at air times when the vehicle is inside. In that case, the following provisions shall be followed under the supervision of such quaIified persons:

(I) Leaks in the vehicle LP-Gas systems shall be repaired before the vehicle is moved inside.

(2) Primary shutoffvalves on cargo tanks, portable containers and other LP-Gas containers instanedon the vehicle (except propulsion engine fuel containers) are closed. LP-Gas liquid shall be removed from the piping, pump, meter, delivery hose, and related equipment and the preumre therein reduced to approximately atmospheric before the vehicle is moved inside. Delivery hose or valve oudets shall be plugged or capped before the vehicle is moved inside.

(3) No container shall be located near a source of heat or within the direct path of hot air blown from a blower or from a blower-type heater.

(4) LP-Oas containers shall be gauged or weighed to determine that they are not filled beyond the maxtmum filling capacity according to 4-5.1 of NFPA 58.

(c) If repair work or servicing b to be performed on a 2 o tank system, all LP-Gas shall be removed from the cargo tank and ptping and the system thoroughly purged before the vehicle is moved reside. (58-6.6.2.S)

SECTION 30-7 LP-GASES AT UTILITY PLANTS

30-7.1 The design, construction, location, installation, and operation of refrigerated and nonrefrigerated liquefied petroleum gas systems at utility gas plants shall be in accordance with NFPA 59, listed in Chapter 43.

S~-nON SOS U Q U ~ N A ~ GaS (LNG)

$0-8.1 The design, locationl construction, and operation of LNG facilities shall be in accordance with NFPA 59A, Standan/for the Produa~n, Storage, and Handling of Lifuefied Natural Gas (LNG) listed in Chapter 43.

CHAPTER SI FIR ORKS/MODEL ROCKETRY

SECTION $1-1 GENERAL

$1-1.1 Application.

$1-I.1.1 The construction, handling, and use of fireworks intended for outdoor display shall comply with the requirements of this chapter and NFPA 1123 fisted in Chapter 43.

$1-1.1.$ Model rocketry shall comply WIth'NFPA 1122, listed in Chapter 43.

31-1.1.4 The manufacture, transportation, or storage of fireworks shall comply with applicable secuons of this Code and NFPA 1124, listed in Chapter 43.

31-1.1.5 The manufacture of model rocket motors shall comply with NFPA 1125, listed in Chapter 43.

SI-I.I.6 This chapter shaft not apply to the transportation, handling, or use of fireworks by the Armed Forces of the United States. (1123.1-1.4)

51-1,1.7 This chapter shall not apply to the transportation, handling, or use of industrial pyrotechnic devices or fireworks, such as railroad torpedoes, fusees, and automotive, aeronautical, and marine flares and smoke signals. (1123-1-1.5)

S1-1.2 Special Definido m. (1123-1-S)

Discharge Site. The area immediately surrounding the mortars used for an outdoor fireworks display.

Fireworks. Any composition or device for the purpose of producing a visible or an audible effect by combustion, deflagration or detonation, and which meets the definition of "common" or "s!~cial" fireworks as set forth in the U.S. Department of Transportation s (DOT) Hazardous Materials Regulations, Title 49, C_.Me 0fFak, ra/ Regu/at/ons, Parts 173.88 and 175.100.

212

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N F P A I n A 9 2 T C R

52-1.6 The grade of fuel oil used in a burner shall be that for which- the burner is approved as stipulated by the manufacturer. Crankcase oil or any oil containing gasoline shall not be used.

Exception: W h ~ acceptable to the aut .h~i'ty ha, ving~risdiction, .oil, burning equipment de.signed to burn crankcase OIL may oe usea in commerdaz or industrial occupancies. Such oil burning equipment shah be listed for use with crankcase oils and shall be installed in accordance with tl~ manu]acturer's instructions and the terms of thdr listing. (31-1-10.1)

SECTION 32-2 KEROSENE BURNERS AND OIL STOVES

32.2.1 Kerosene and oil stoves shall be equipped with a primary safety comrol furnished as an inte .~n..~. part o f the appliance by the manufacturer to stop the flow of oiI in the event o f flame failure. Baromewic oil feed shall not be considered a primary safety control.

$2.2.2 A conversion range oil burner shall be equipped with a thermal (heat actuated) ~ealve in the oil supply line, located in the burner compartment of the stove.

32-2.$ Only listed kerosene heaters shall be used. The following safegu,F, ds shall, al~ply:

Ca) provide adequate ventilation

(b) do not place on carpeting

(c) keep 3 ft (.9 m) away from combustible furnishings or drapes

(d) use only approved type I-K water clear kerosene

(e) allow to cool before refueling.

SECTION, 32-3 PORTABLE FJ.g.CTRIC HEATERS

32-3.1 Where allowed by this section portable heaters shall be designed and located so that they cannot be easily overturned. The authority having jurisdiction shall be permitted to prohibit use of portable heaters]n occupancies or situations in which such use or operation would present an undue danger to life or property.

32-3.2 All portable electric heaters shall be equipped to de-energize electric power to the unit when tilted or turned over.

SECTION 32-4 VENTS

32-4.1 All chimneys, smokestacks or similar devicesfor conveying smoke or hot gases to the outer air and the stoves, mrnaces, • incinerators, boilers or any other heat producing devices or appliances shall be installed and maintained in accordance with NTPA 54, National Fuel Gas Code, and NTPA 211, Chimneys, Fireplaces, Vents and Solid Fuel Burning Appliance&

CHAPTER 33 APPLICATION OF FLAMMABLE FINISHES

SECTION 33-1 GENERAL

33-1.1 Application. '"

33-1.1.I Operations involving the application of flammable fifiishes shall comply with this chapter and NFPA 33, listed in Chapter 43.

33-1.1.2 This chapter shall apply to locations or areas where combustible and flammable liquids are applied by means of spray apparatus. This chapter outlines requirements to obtain reasonable safety when applying flammable andcombustible finishes through the use of spray application methods and devices.

33-1.1.3 This chapter does not cover the outdoor spray application to buildings, bridges, tanks or similar su'ucmres. With such occasional applications, overspray deposits are not likely to create a hazardous condition and the space in which flammable vapor-air mixtures may be present is Umitedbecause of atmospheric dilution. (33-A-l-l.3(a))

33.1.1.4 Permit Required. (See Section 1-15.)

33.1.2 Special Definitions. (33.1-2)

Spray Area. Any area in which dangerous quantities of flammable or cJmbustible vapors, mists, residues, dusts or deposits are present due to the operation of spray processes.

A spray area shall include:

(a) The interior of spray booths and rooms except as specifically provided in Section 11-4 of I~'PA 33.

(b) The interior of ducts exhausting from spraying processes.

(c) Any area in the direct path of spraying operations.

The authority having jurisdiction may define the limits of the spray area in any s~eclfic case. The "spray area" in the vicinity of spraying operations w~ll necessarily vary with the design and arrangement o f equipment and method of operation. When spraying operations are strictly confined to predetermined spaces which are provided with adequate and reliable ventilation, such as a properly constructed spray booth, the "spray area" will ordinarily not extend beyond the booth enclosure. 'When, however, spraying 0 _~-'rations are not confined to adequately ventilated spaces the spray area" may extend throughout the entire room conmihing spraying operations.

Spray Booth. A power-vendiated swucmre provided to enclose or accommodate a spraying operation, to coni~ne and limit the escape of spray, vapor and residue, and to safely conduct or direct them to an exhaust system. Spray booths are manufactured in a variety of forms, including automotive refinishing, downdra~ open-face, traveling, runnel, and updraft booths.

Spray Room. A power-ventilated fully enclosed room used exclusively for open spraying of fiammable or combustible materials. The entire spray room is a spray area. A spraybooth is not a spray room.

SECTION 33-2 LOCATION OF SPRAY ,APPLICATION OPERATIONS.

$3.2.1 General

$3-2.1.1 Spray application operations within the scope of this section shall be confined to properly designed and constructed spray booths, spray rooms, or properly designated spray areas as defined. (33-2-1)

33-2.1.2 Spra~, application operations shall not be conducted in a building classified as assembly, educational, institutional or redden- tial, except in a room designed for the purpose, protected with an approved system of automatic sprinklers and separated vertically and horizontallyfrom such occupancies by construction having not less than a two-hour fire resistance rating. (33-2.2)

SECTION 53-3 SPRAYAREA

$3-3.1 General.

33-3.1.1 Walls and ceilings which enclose or intersect spray areas shall be substantially constructed of steel, concrete, masonry, or other noncombustible materials and shall be securely and rigidly supported.

The interior surfaces of spray areas shall be smooth and designed to prevent pocketh~g of resid-ues and to facilitate ventilation, cleaning, and washing. The floor of spray areas, if combustible, shall be covered by noncombustible material. (33.3.1)

• $3-3.1.2 Where steel is used as a construction material for the • purposes of this chapter, it shall notbe less than No. 18 MSG (1.3

ram). (33-3-1.1)

$3-3.1.3 Aluminum or other noncombustible material may'be used for intermittent or low volume spraying, subject to approval of the authority having jurisdiction, (33-3-1.2)

$3-3.1.4 Spray rooms shall have at least a one-hour fire resistance rating. (33-3.1.4)

33-3.1.5 Spray booths shall be separated from other operations by not less than 3ft (I m), or by a partition or wall having a one-hour fire resistance rating. Spray booths shall be install~d so that all portions are readily accessible for cleaning. A clear space of not less than 3 ft (I m) on all sides shall be kept free from storage or combustible consu'uction. This does not preclude the installation of a spray booth against a partition or wall having a one-hour fire resistance rating providing the booth can be maintained and cleaned. (33-3-3)

215


35-3.1.6 Where spray areas are illuminated through glass panels or other noncombustible transparent materials, fixed lighting units shall be used as a source of illumination. Panels shall effectively isolate the spray area from the area in which the lighting unit is located, and shallbe of noncombustible materials of such a nature or so protected that breakage will be Onlikely. Panels shall be so arranged that normal accumulations of residue on the exposed surface of the panel will not be raised to a dangerous temperature b X the lighting unit. Panels shall be so installedthat they may be eastiy cleaned. (33-3.,5)

$&&l.7 Spray areas equipped with distribution or baffle plates, or ( 3 ~ ) ) overspray collecuon filters shall conform to the following:

/

(a) Distribution or ~attle plates shall be of noncombust/ble material and readily removable or accessible on both sides for cleaning. (33-3.6.1)

(b) Filters shall not be used when applying a spray material known to be highly susceptible to spontaneous heating and ignition. (35-3.8.2)

(c) Supports and holders for filters shall be noncombustible. (33-3-6.3)

(d) Clean filters shall be of a listed type. (33-3.6.4)

(e) Filters shall not alternately be used for different types of coating materials, where the combination of materials may result in spontaneous ignition. (33-3-6.3)

SECTION 53-4 SOURCES OF IGNITION

33-4.1 General.

35-4.1.1 There shall be no open flame, spark-producing equipment or exposed surfaces exceeding the ignition temperature of the material being sprayed in the areas specified in (a) and (b) below, except as specifically permitted in Sections 4-7, 5-5, and 11-3 of NFPA 33 and in NFPA 86, Standard for Ovens and Furnaces. Further, there shall be no equipment or processes that may produce sparks or particles of hot metal located above or adjacent to the areas in (a) and (b) below, unless means are :provided to prevent the sparks or particles of hot metal from entermg these areas:

(a) A spray area as herein defined.

(b) An area adjacent to a spray area and defined in Section 4-7 of NFPA 33 as requiring electrical equipment conforming to the provisions of NFPA 70 for Division 2 locations, unless separated therefrom by a partition extending at least to the bounda.,y of the Division 2 locauon. (33-4.2)

35-4.1.2 Space heating appliances, steam pipes or hot surfaces shall not be located in a spray area where deposits or combustible residues may readily accumulate and be ignited. (33-4-3)

$$-4.1.3 Electrical wiring and equipment shall conform to the provisions of this section and shall otherwise be in accordance with NFPA 70, NationalElectdcal Code (33-4-4)

33-4.1.4 Electrical motors driving exhaust fans shall not be placed inside any spray area unless they meet the provisions of Section 4-3 of NFPA 33. C3~4-4)

33-4.1.3 Unless specifically listed for locations containing deposits of dangerous quanuti" "es of flammable or combustible vapors, mtsts, residues, dusts or deposits (as applicable), there shall be no electrical equipment in any spray area as herein defined whereon deposits of combustible residue may readily accumulate, except wiring in rigid metal conduit, Type MI cable, or in metal boxes or fittings contm'ning no taps, splices or terminal connections. (33-4-5)

35.4.1.6 Electrical wiring and equipment not subject to deposits of combustible residues but located in a spray area as herein defined shall be of explosionproof or other type approved for Class I and Class II, Division 1 locations, and shall otherwise conform to the

~ rovisions of NFPA 70, NationalElect~ical Code, for Class I or Class II, vision 1 locations. (33-4-6)

35-4.1.7 Portable electric lamps shall not be used in any spray area during spraying operations.

"Exception: W ~ port~, el~rlc lamps a~ r~uired for operations in spaces not rmdily illuminatat by f i ~ lighting within the spray arm, they shall be of the type a ~ for Cla~ l or Claes lI, Division l lomtions where rmdily ignitabte ,'~tidu~ may be present. (3.,'-4-9)

$$-4.1.8 All metal parts of spray booths', exhaust ducts and piping systems conveying flammable or combustible liquids or aerated combustible solids shall be properly electrically grounded in an effective and perrnanent manner. (35-4-9.1)

$3.4.1.9 Unless specifically intended to be operated at other than ground potential, airless high fluid pressure spray guns and any conducuve object being sprayed shall be properly electrically grounded. (35-4-9.2)

SECTION 55-5 VENTILATION

55-5.1 General

55-5,1.1 Ventilating and exhaust systems shall be in accordance with NFPA 91, listed in Chapter 43, where applicable and shall also conform to provisions of this section. (55-5-1)

55-5.2 L/quld Coating Systems.

55-5.2.1 All spray areas shall be provided with mechanical ventilation adequate to confine and remove flammable or combustible vapors or mists to a safe location, to maintain the concentration of flammable or combustible vapors or mists in the exhaust stream below 25 percent of the lower flammable limit (LFL), and to confine and control combustible residues, dusts, or deposits.

Exception: Confined spaces may represent areas in which ventilation may not be capable of effectiwly handling the hazardous atmosphere associated with spray finishing therein. In suchcases, a pmpedy applied ino6ngprocedure, in accordance with I~FPA 69, Standard on Explosion Prevottion Systons, and acceptable to the authority havingjurlsdiction, may be more effecliw in • redudng the hazard and, may be used.

$5-5.2.2 Spray areas equipped with overspray collection filters shall have visible gages, audible alarms or an effective inspection program that indicates that the required air velocity is maintained. (33.5.3.2)

35-5.3 Powder Coating Systems.

$3-5.3.1 Mechanical ventilation shall be kept in ope" ration at all times while spraying operations are being conducted and for a sufficient time thereafter to allow flammable vapors from drying coated articles and drying finishing material residue to be exhausted, (33-5-.5)

When spray is automatically applied without an attendant constandy on duty, the operating control of spray apparatus shall be so arranged that spray cannot be applied unless exhaust fans are in operation.

33-3.3.2 The exhaust duct discharge point shall be not less than 6 ft (1.8 m) from any combustible exterior wall or roof nor shall the exhaust duct discharge in the direction of any combustible construction or unprotected openingin any noncombustible exterior wall within 25 ft (7.6 m). (33-5-12)

35-5.3.3 Exhaust ducts shall be provided with ample access doors to facilitate cleaning. (33-5-13)

33-3.3.4 Belts shall not enter any spray area unless the belt and pulley within the spray area is completely enclosed. (33-5-16)

SECTION 35-6 STORAGE AND HANDLING OF FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE MATER/A~

55-6.1 General.

33-6.1.1 Flammable and combustible liquid storage, handling, and • mixing operations (paint kitchen) remote from the p ~ area shall

conform to the requirements Of NFPA 30, Flamma~ and Combust~ ' LkIU/ds Code, where applicable and shall also conform to provisions of this section for storage, handling, and mixing at the process ar e& (33-6.1)

33-6.1.2 There shall be no more than three flammable liquid storage cabinets in a process area without approval of the authority having jurisdiction. Storage cabinets shall be listed or shall be designed and constructed to meet the requirements of NFPA 30, Flammab/e and CombustibleLifuids Code Any one such cabinet shall contain not more than 60 gal (225 L) of Class I and Class H liquids, or 120 gal (450 L) of Class III liquids. (33-2.1)

216

N F P A I m A 9 2 T C R i

33-8.1.3 Closed containers, approved portable tanks, approved safety cans, or a properly arranged system of pipinlg shall be used for transporting flammable or combustible l|qmds. Open or glass containers shall not 15e used for transportation or storage. (33.66.1)

$3-6.1.4 The withdrawal of fiammable or combustible liquids from containers and the filling of containers, including portable mixing tanks, shall be done only in a suitable mixing room or in a spray area when the ventilating system is in operation. Adequate precautions shall be taken' to protect against liquid spillage and sources of

ignit ion. (33-6-3.1)

$3-6.1.5 The withdrawal of flammable or combustible liquids from containers having a capacity of greater than 60 gal (225 L) shall be by pumps approved for such use.

Exception: Pressure vessels may be used ~ ' d e d they are of limited capadty, not exceeding that necessary for one day s operation, and designed and approved for such use. They shall be protn~ded with a pressure gage and a relief valve in conformance with the ASME Code for Unfired Pressure Vessels. (33-6- 5.3)

33-6,1.8 Containers supplying spray nozzles shall be of closed type or provided with metal covers kept closed. Containers not resting on floors shall be on substantial supports or suspended by wire cables. Containers supplying spray nozzles by gravity flow shall not exceed 10 gal (38L) capacity.(33-6-5.4)

SECTION 33-7 FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

$3-7.1 General.

33-7.1.1 Spray areas shall be protected with an approved automatic fire extinguishing system. (33-7-1)

. 38-7.1.2 In sprinkiered buildings, the automatic sprinkler system in rooms containing spray application operations shall conform to Chapter 7 and any applicable requirement of this chapter. (38-7-2)

33-7.1.$ Where sprinklers are installed to protect spray areas only, water may be furfiished from the domestic supply, s-ubject to the approvai of the authority having jurisdiction. (33-7-3)

38-7.1.4 Sprinklers protecting spray areas shall be cleaned and protected against overspray residue so that they will operate quickly in event of fire. If covered, polyethylene or cellophane hagshaving a thickness of 0.003 in. (0.076 ram) or less, or thin paper bags shall be used. Coverings shall be replaced or heads cleaned frequently so that heavy deposits of residue do not accumulate. (33-7-5)

33-7.1.5 Where automatic sprinkJer protection is not available, a spray booth and its exhaust ducts may beprotected with a dry chemical extinguishing system, a carbon dioxide system, or a halogenated extinguishing system installed so as to conform to Section 7-7 of this Code. (33-7-6)

t -

33-7.1.6 An adequate supply of suitableportable fire extinguishers shall be installed near all spray areas. (33-7-7)

33-7.1.7 Fixed powder application equipment shall be protected further by installation o f approved flame detection apparatus that will, in event of ignition, react to the presence of fiame within one- half second and:

(a) Shut down all energy SUl~plies (electrical and compressed air) to conveyor, ventilation, application, transfer and powder collection equipment.

(b) Close segregation dampers in associated ductwork to interrupt airflows from applicauon equipment to powder collectors.

(c) Actuate an alarm. (33-7-8)

SECTION 33-8 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENA~CE

33-8.1 General.

38-8.1.1 Spraying shall not be conducted outside of predetermined spray areas and all provisions of this standard applying to spray areas shallbe strictly followed. (33-8-1)

33-8.1.2 All spray areas shall be kept free from the accumulation of deposits of combustible residues. If residue accumulates to excess in

booths, duct or duct discharge points or other spray ar~as, then all spraying operations shall be discontinued until conditions are corrected. (33-8-3)

$8-8.1.3 Malntenanceprocedures shall be established to ensure replacing overspray collector filters before excessive restriction to air flow occurs. Overspray collectors shall be inspected after each period of use and clogged filters discarded and replaced. All d iscarded overspray collector filters shall be immediately removed to a safe, well-detached location or placed in a water-filled metal container and disposed of at the dose o f the day's operation unless maintained completely in water. (33-8-4)

33-8.1.4 Approved metal waste cans shall be provided wherever rags or waste are impregnated with .slprayed material and all such rags or waste depositedtherein immediately after use. The contents of waste cans shah be properly disposed of at least once daily at the end of each shift. (33-8.6) "

33-8.1.5 Employees' clothin~ contaminated with sprayed material shall not be left on the premlses overnight unless kept in metal lockers. (33-8-7)

33-8.1.6 ,*~No Smoking" signs in large letters on contrasting color background shall be conspicuously posted at all spray areas and paint storage rooms. (33-8-11)

33-8.1.7 Where maintenance operations involve the use of welding, burning, or grinding equipment, such operations shall be done under ~ e supervision of properly designated p~rsonnel provided with adequate fire extinguishing equipment. (35-8-12)

SECTION 38-9 TRAINING

38-9.1 General.

$8-9.1.1 All personnel involved in spray application in processes covered by tfiis chapter shall be instructed in thepotential safety and health hazards, the. operational,, maintenance andemergency procedures reqmred, and the importance of constant operator awareness. (33-15-1)

33-9.1.2 Personnel required to handle or use flammable or combustible materials shall be instructed in the safe handling, storage, and use of the materials, as well as the emergency procedures that may be required. (33-15-2)

33-9.1.3 All personnel required to enter or to work within confined or enclosed spaces shall be instructed as to the nature of the hazard involved, the necessary precautions:to be taken, and in the use of protective and emergency equipment required. (33-15-3)

33-9.1.4 All personnel shall be insu'ucted in the proper use, maintenance, and storage of all emergency, safety, or personal protective equipment that they may be required to use in their normal work performance. (33-15-4)

$3-9.1.5 Some appropriate form of documentation shall be employed to record the type and date of training provided to each individual involved in these processes; (33-15-5)

CHAPTER 34 WELDING, CUTTING, AND USE OF TORCHES

SECTION ~1-I GENERAL

34-1.1 AppUcafions.

34-1.1.1 Welding, cutting, and use of torches shall comply with this chapter and NFPA 51B, listed in Chapter 43.

84-1.1.2 Acetylene cylinder charging plants shall comply with NFPA 51A, listed in Chapter 43.

SECTION 84-2 FIRE PREVENTION PRECAUTIONS

84-2.1 Permissible Areas.

84-2.1.1 Cutting or welding shall not be permitted in the following situations:

(a) In areas not authorized by management.

(b) In sprinldered buildings while such [srotection is impaired, except when authorized by the authority hawngjurisdiction.

217

N F P A 1 ~ A 9 2 T C R

(c) In the presence of explosive atmospheres (mixtures of flammable gases, vapors, liquids, or dusts with air) or explosive atmospheres that may develop inside uncleaned or impt;operly • prepared drums, tanks or other cbntainers and equipmefft which have previously contained such materials or that may develop in areas with an accumulation of combustible dusts.

(d) In areas near the storage of large quantities of exposed, readily ignitible materials such as bulk sulfur, baled paper or cotton. (5]B-3-1A)

34-2.2 Permit.

34-2.2.1 Permit Required. (See Section ]-]5.)

34-2.2.2 Before cutting or welding is permitted, the area shall be inspected by the individual responsible for authorizing cutting and welding operations. (51B-3-2)

34-2.2.3 Cutting and weldin~ equipment to be used shall be in satisfactory operating condiuon and in good repair. (5]B-3-2.1)

34-2.2.4 Where combustlble materials such as Ibaper clippings, wood shavings or textile fibers are on the floor, the floor shalIbe swept clean for a radius of 35 ft (]1 m). Combustible floors (except wood on concrete) shall be kept wet, covered with damp sand, or protected by fire-resistant shields. Where floors have been wet down, personnel operating arc welding or cuttingequipment shall be protected from possible shock, (5]B-3-2.2) . . . .

$4-2.2.5 Where practical, all combustibles shall be relocated at least 35 ft (11 m) horizontally, from the work site. Where relocation is impracticable, combusubles shall be protected with flameproofed covers or otherwise shielded with metal or fire-resistant guards or curtains. Edges of covers at the floor shall be tight to prevent sparks from goingunder them. This precaution is also important at overlaps where several covers are used to protect a large pile. (5113-3- 2.3)

$4-2.2.6 Openings or cracks in walls, floors or ducts within 35 ft (1] m) of the me shall be tightly covered to prevent the passage of sparks to adjacent areas. (51B-3-2.4)

$4-2.2.7 Conveyor systems that might carry sparks to distant combustibles shall be suitably protected. (51B-3-2.5)

$4-2.2.8 Where cutting or welding is done near walls, partitions, ceiling or roof of combustible construction, fire resistant shields or guardshall beprovided to prevent ignition. If welding is to be done on a metal wall, partition, ceiling or roof, precautions shall be taken to prevent ignition of combustibles on the other side, due to conduction or radiation, preferably by relocating combustibles. Where combustibles are not relocated, a fire watch on the opposite side from the work shall be provided. Welding shall not be attempted on a metal partition, wall, ceiling or roof having a combustible covering nor on walls or partitions of combustible sandwich-type panel construction, (5]B-3-2.6)

$4-2.2.9 Cutting or welding on p.ipes or other metal in contact with combustible wails, partition~s, cedings or roofs shall not be under- taken if the work is close enough to cause ignition by conduction. (5115-3-2.7)

34-2.2.10 Fully charged and operable fire extinguishers, appropriate for the type of possible fire, shall be available at the work area. Where hose lines are available, they shall be connected and ready for service. (51B-3-2.8)

$4-2.2.11 Where welding or cutting is done in close proximity to a sprinkler head, awet rag shall be laid over the head and then removed at the conclusmn of the welding or cutting operation. Special precautions shall be taken to avoid accidental operation of automatic fire detection or suppression systems - - e.g., s- pecial extinguishing systems. (51B-3-2.9)

$4-2.2.12 Nearby personnel shall be suitably prot/~cted against heat, sparks, slag, etc. (51B-3-2.10)

34-2.3 Fire Watchers.

34-2.3.1 Fire watchers shall be required by the individual responsible for authorizing cutting and welding whenever cutting or welding is performed in locations where other than a minor fire might develop, or any of the following conditions exist:

(a) Appreciable combustible material in building construction or contents closer than 35 ft (11 m) to the point of operation.

(b) Apprecial~le combustibles are more than 35 ft (11 m) away but are easily ignited by sparks.

(c) Wall or floor openings within a 35-ft (1 l-m) radius expose combustible material in adjacent areas including concealed spaces in walls or floors.

(d) Combustible materials are adjacent to the opposite side of metal partitions, walls, ceilingsor roofs and are likely to be ignited by conduction or radiation. (51B-3-3)

$4-2.3.2 Fire watchers shall have fire extinguishing equipment readily available and be trained in its use, including pracuce on test fires. (5113-3-3.1)

$4-2.$.$ Fire watchers shall be familiar with facilities and procedures for sounding an alarm in the event of a fire. (51B-3-3.2)

• 1-2.$.4 Fire watchers shall watch for fires in all exposed areas, and try to extinguish them first only when obviously within the capacity of the equipment available, or otherwise sound the alarm immediately. (51193-3.3)

$4-2.$.5 A fire watch shall be maintained for at least a half hour after completion of cutting or welding operations to detect and extinguish smoldering fires. (51B-3-3.4)

SECTION $4-$ OXYGEN-FUEL GAS SYSTEMS

34-$.1 General.

34-3.1.1 The design and installation of oxygen-fuel ~ systems for welding, cutting and allied processes shall comply with this section and NFPA 51, hsted in Chapter 43.

&1-$.2 Cylinders and C, ontainers.

$4-$.2.1 Containers other than DOT cylinders for the storage of LP. Gas or methylacetylene-propadiene, stabilized, shall be constructed, installed, and charged with a gas in accordance with NFPA 58, Standard/or the Storage and Handling of Liquefud Petroleum C, as~ 01-2-].2)

$4-$.2.2 For the primary identification of cylinder, container, or manifold ~ supply unit content, each cylinder, container, or unit shall be legibly marked with the name of the gas in accordance with ANSI Z48.1, Standard Method of Marking Port_able Compr~ed Gas Containers to Identify the Material Contained. These markings shall not be cut into the metal of the cylinder. (51-2-1.3)

$4-3.2.3 Cylinders permitted inside of buildings shall be stored at least 20 ft (6 m) from flammable and combustible liquids and easily ignited forms of materials such as wood, paper, oil, and grease, and where they will not be exposed to excessive rise in temperature, physical damage, or tampering by unauthorized persons. (51-2-2.1)

$4-$.2.4 Separate rooms or buildings used for cylinder storage shall be well ventilated. (51-2-2.2)

$4-3.2.5" Permits are required for cylinder and containers storage and the storage of calcium carbide within this jurisdiction.

$4-3.2.6 C~linders shall be secured in a manner so as to not be easily o v e r t u r ~ e o .

$44' For use of torches for purposes other than cutting and welding, see Section 3-3.

CHAPTER 35 DUST EXPLOSION PREVENTION

SECTION 35-] GENERAL

35-1.] Equipment, processes and operations that involve dust consisting ofpulversized particles of any material which, if mixed with air in the proper portions, becomes explosive and may be ignited by flame or spark shall comply with the applicable requirements of this code and the provisions of this section, and shall be maintained in accordance with NFPA 61A, 61B, 61C, 61D, 65, 69 65F, 91,490, 650, 651,654, 655, and 664, listed in Chapter 43, where provisions of this section do not specifically cover conditions and operation.

218

NFPA 1 - - A92 TCR

35-1.2 Permit Required. (See Section 1-15.)

35-1.$ All dust-producing or dust-agitating machinery, such as grinding mills and separators, and all elevators, elevator legs, spouts, hoppers and other conveyors shall be provided with casing or encIosures maintained as nearly dust-ught as possible.

$5-1.4 Approved magnetic or pneumatic separators shall be installed ahead of all shellers, crackers, crushers, grinding machines, pulveriz- ers and similar machines in which the entrance of foreign materials may cause sparks to be generated.

35-1.5 Suitable dust-collecting equipment shall be installed, and accumulation of dust shall be kept at a minimum in the interior of buildings.

35-1.6 All machinery and metal parts of the crushing, drying, pulverizing and conveying system shall be electrically grounded in accordance with NFPA 70.

85.1.7 Smoking and the carrying of matches, the use of heating or other devices employing an o~en flame, or use of any spark- producing equipment is prohtbited in areas containing dust- producing or dust-agitating operations. Artificial lighting in such areas shall be by electrici~ with all wiring and electrical equipment installed in accordance ruth NFPA 70.

35-1.8 Properly designed and located vents that will relieve the' pressure resulung from an explosion and prevent or reduce damage to buildings or equipment shall be required in all buildings where flammable or explosive dusts are manufactured, processed or • generated. The design and amount of such equipment shall be in accordance with NFPA 68, Venting ofDeflagrations.

35-1.9 Static electricity shall be removed from all machinery and other component parts by permanent grounds or bonds or both. The design and installation of such grounds shall be in accordance with approved standards.

SECTION 35.2 BLOWERS

$5.2.1 Blowers or exhaust fans shall be installed on proper foundations and secured in a substantial manner. Dust shall not pass through a fan or blower. For fans or blowers on the discl~arge side of dust collectors, it is permissible to pass product through a fan, • ' provided that ample clearance shall beprovided between the blades and the casing., and the normally expected dust concentration is below the mtmmum explosible concentration. All rotating elements shall be made of nonferrous material. The fan bearings shall not extend into the casings. Belt drives shall not be located inside the fan or blower housing. A clearance shall be provi.ded between the shaft and casing.

, SECTION 35.3 D u c t SYSTEMS

35-3.1 Ducts handling corfibustible dust shall be constructed entirely of sheet metal or other noncombustible material, and of adequate strength and rigidity to meet the conditions of service and installation requirements, and shall be properly protected where subject to mechanical injury. All ducts-, whether inside or outside of buildings, shall be thoroughly braced where required and substantially supported by metal hangers or brackets and shall be designed to afford strength and rigidity against disruption. All lap joints shall be made in the direction of the air flow.

SECTION 35-4 PNEUMATIC CONVEYING SYSTEMS

35-4.1 Pneumatic sDtems shall be designed in accordance with NFPA 650, Standard for Pneumatic Conveying Systems for Handling Combustible Matena/s listedin Chapter 43.

SECTION 35-5 DUST COI.I.g.CTION

35-5.1 Continuous suction shall be provided for processes where combustible dust is liberated in normal operation. The dust shall be conveyed to dust separators or collectors.

35.5.2 Dust collection systems shall complywith all requirements of N ~ A 91, Standard for the Installation of Blower and Exhaust Systems for Dust, Stock, and Vapor Removal or Conveying, listed in Chapter 43.

35-5.$ Dust collectors shall be located outside of buildings.

Exception No. 1: Dust collectors may be located inside of buildings if they are located adjacent to exterior wall, are vented to the ma/6de through straight ducts not exceeding lOft (3 m) in length, and have explosion vents designed according to information in MrPA 68, Guide for Venting of Deflagrations.

Exception No. 2: Dust collectors protected with an explosion s u ~ ~stem meeting the requirements of NFPA 69, Standard on Explosion Prevention Systems, may be located inside buildings.

Exception No. 3: Dust collectors and equipment designed for defla~tlon ~ r e containment in accordance with Chapter 5 of I~FPA 69, Explosion Prevention System~ may be located inside buildings.

$5-5.4 Dust collectors shall be constructed of noncombustible materials. Cloth type collectors shall be provided with dust-tight metal enclosures or their equivalent.

$6 INDUSTRIAL OVENS AND FURNACF~


36-1.1 Application.

$6-1.1.1 Industrial ovens and furnaces shall complywith this chapter and provisions of NFPA 86, 86C, an d 86D as applicable listed in Chapter 43.

$6-1.2 Permits.

36-1.2.1 Permits Required. (See Section 1-15.)

36-1.2.2 Applications for a permit shall be accompanied by plans showing allessential details and calculations for safe operation.

SECTION 36-2 LOCATION

36-2.1 Location.

36-2.1.1 Special consideration shall be given to the location of equip mem using flammable liquids or when using fuels with a specific gravity greater than air.

SEC'HON 86-$ SA~L-iY CONTROLS

$6-$.1 Safety controls,'as specified in NFPA 86, 86C, and 86D, shall be sufficient in number and substantially constructed and arranged to maintain the required conditions of safety and prevent the development of fire and explosion hazards.

CHAPTER 37 MECHANICAL REFRIGERATION


37-1.1 This section shall be apply to all refrigerating units or ~stems described, herein.

Exception: Air, water or bllne systems and all units trtitlxlng C, mup I nfrlgerants with a reftigerant compressor or htraepou~ rating of less than 100.

SECTION 37-2 CLASSIFICATIONS

37-2.1 Group 1.

Carb°n Dioxide (R-744) Chlorodifluoromethane (17,-22) Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) (R-500) Dichlorofluoromethane (R-21) Dichlorotetrafluoroethane (R-114) Trichlorofluoromethane (R-11) Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride) (R-30) Trifluorotrichloroethane (R-113) Chlorotrifluoromethane (R-13) Bromotrifluoromethane (R-13 B1) Carbontetrafluoride (R-14) Chlorodifluoromethane (R-22) (R-502) Chloropentafluoroethane (R-115) Octafluorocyclobutane (R-C318)

37-2.2 Group 2.

Ammonia (R-717) Dichloroethylene (R-1130) Methyl Chloride (R-40) Methyl Formate (R-611) Sulfur Dioxide (R-764)

219

$7-2.$ Group $.

Butane (R-600) Ethane (R-170) Propane (R-290) Ethylene (1t-1150) Isobutane (R-600a)

SECTION $7-$ MAINTENANCE AND INSTAI2ATION

$7-3.1 All refrigeration systems shall be maintained free from accumulations of oil, dirt, waste and other debris, and shall be maintained accessible at all times.

$7-S.2' All new mechanical refrigeration systems shall be installed and all exlstinginstallations shall be maintained, in a standard safe manner which will minimize life, health and fire hazards of the installation.

$7-$,$ The person in charge of a premises on which a refrigeration unit is installed requiring a permit, shall place a card in a conspicuous location near the condensing unit giving instructions for operation of the system, including precautions to be observed in case o f breakdown or leak.

$7-$.4 All refrigeration systems requiring a permit shall be provided with an easily legible (i.e. manufacturers nameplate) sign perma- nentiy attached and easily accessible, indicating the name and address of the manufacturer or installer, the kind and total number of pounds of refrigerant contained in the system and the field test pressure applied.

$7-$.5 All systems containing more than 100 lb of refrigerant shall be provided with signs having letters not less than 1/2-in. high designat- mg the main shutoffvalves to each vessel, main stream or electrical control, remote control switch and pressure limiting device.

SECTION $7-4 EMERGENCY DISCHARGE OF AMMONIA REFRIGERANT

$7-4.1" Ammonia refrigeration systems shall be provided with an approved system for safely removing the ammonia refrigerant in the event of an emergency.

CHAPTER $8 EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS


38-1.1 Application.

$&l. l . l The manufacture, transportation, storage, sale, and use of explosive materials shall comply NFPA 495 and NFPA 498, listed in Chapter 43.

CHAPTER $9 COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS


$9-111 Application.

$9.1.1.1 All facilities handling or storing combustible fibers shall comply with this chapter.

39.1.1.2 This chapter shall not apply to buildings completely protected by an approved automatic fire extinguishing system; however, th~s does not obviate the need for good housekeeping.

39-1.2 Special Definitions.

Loose House. A separate detached building in which unbaled combustible fibers are stored.

SECTION 39-2 LOOSE STORAGE OF COMBUSTIBLE FIBERS

$9-2.1 General

$9-2.1.1 Loose combustible fibers (not in suitable hales orpackages), whether housed or in the open, shall not be stored within I00 ft (30.5 m) of any building, except as hereinafter specified.

39-2.1.2 Quantities of loose combustible fibers up to 100 cuft (2.832 cu m) shall not be kept in any building unless stored in a metal or metal-lined bin equipped with a self-closing cover.

N F P A 1 - A 9 2 T C R

' $9.2~1.$ Quantities exceeding I00 cuft (2,832 cu m) of loose combustible fibers, but not exceeding 500 cuft (14.16 cu m), may be stored in rooms or compartments in which the floors, walls, and ceilin.gs have a fire resistance rating of not less than one hour. Each opemng into such rooms or compartments from other parts of the building shall be equipped with an approved self-closing fire door.

$9.2.1.4 Quantities exceeding 500 cuft (14.16 cu m) of loose combustible fibers may be stored in approved vaults, constructed as follows:

(a) Storage vaults shall be located outside of buildings or, if located inside, shall be provided with approved safety vents to the outside.

(b) Walls, floors, and ceilings shall be constructed of approved noncombustible material having a fire resistance rating of not less than one hour. Roofs of outside vaults shall be of noncombustible material, but may be so constructed as to readily give way in case of an internal explosion.

(c) Openings, If any, between vault and main building shail be protected on each side of the wall by an approved fire door. Wall openings in outside vaults exposing other buildings (not sufficiently detached to be considered cutoff) shall be protected by approved fire doors.

(d) Vaults located within buildings and exceeding 1,000' cu ft (28.32 cu m) storage capacity shall be protected by an approved automatic fire extinguishing system.

39-2.1.5 Not more than 2,500 cuft (70.8 cu m) of loose fibers maybe stored in a detached "loose house" suitably located, with openings properly protected against entrance of sparks. The "loosehouse" shall be used for no other purpose.

' S E C T I O N 39-3 B/~l.l~.r~ STORAGE

39.3.1 GeneraL.

$9-3.1.1 No single block or pile shall contain more than 25,000 cuft (708 cu m) of combustible fibers, exclusive of aisles or clearances. Blocks or piles of baled fiber shall be separated from adjacent storage by aisles not less than five ft (1.53 m) wide; or b~. flash fire barriers consisting of continuous sheets of noncombusuble material extending from the fioor.to a height of at least two ft (0.61 m) beyond the top of the piles.

$9.$.1.2 Sisal and other fibers in bales bound with combustible tie ropes or jute and other fibers that are liable to swell when wet shall be stored in a manner allowing for expansion in any direction without endangering building, walls, ceilings, or columns. Not less than three ft (0.914 m) clearance shall be leftbetween walls and sides of piles, except that in storage compartments not more than 30 ft (9.14 m) in width, one ft (0.305 m) clearance at side walls shall be sufficienh Ptairovided a center aisle not less than five ft (1.53 m) wide is main-

ned.

$9.S.I.$ Unlimited quantities of hay, straw, and other ag~. "cultural products may be stored in or near farm buildings locate~i outside of closely bulk areas.

$9.3.I.4 Combustible fibers shall not be stored in rooms or buildings with hazardous gases, flammable liquids, dangerous chemicals, or other similar materials.

SECTION 39-4 SOURCES OF IGNITION

39.4.1- General.

\39.4.1.I Trucks or automobiles, other than mechanical handling equipment and approved industrial trucks as listed in NFPA 505, P&~red Industrial Track~, shall not enter any fiber storage room or building, but may be used at loading platforms.

$9.4.1.2 Electrical wiring and equipment in any combustible fiber storage room or building shall be installed in accordance with the reqmrements of NFPA 70, NationaIEb~dml Code, for Class M hazardous locations. The authority havin~[j.urisdiction shall be responsible for designating the areas reqmrmg hazardous location electrical classifications and shall classify the area in accordance with the classification system set forth in NFPA 70, NationalEb~dml

220

t

N F P A 1 - - A 9 2 T C R

39-4.1.3 No smoking or open flame shall be permitted in any area where combustible fibers are handled or stored, nor within 50 ft (15.95 m) of any uncovered pile of such fibers. "No Smoking" signs shall be posted.

SECTION 39-5 PORTABLE EX'HNGUISHERS

30.5.1 Portable fu'e extinguishers shall be installed as required for extra hazard occupancy protection as applicable in NFPA 10, Portab/e Fire F_.xtingu&~,rs

39-5.2 PermitsReqnired. (See Section 1-15.)

CHAPTER 40 REFUgLr~G

SECTION 40-1 AIRCRAFT FUEL SERVICING

40-1.1 General


40.1.1.1.1 Aircraft fuel servicing shall comply with this section and NFPA 407, listed in Chapter 43

40-1.1.1.2 This section applies to the ground fuel servicing of all types of aircraft with liqu|dpetroleum fuel It does not apply to: (a)' in-flight fueling; (b) fuel servicing of flying boats or amphib|ous aircraft on water;, or (c) draining or filling of aircraft fuel tanks incidental to aircraft fuel system maintenance operations or manufacturing. (407-I-1) ' '

40-1.1.2 Fuel Servicing P e r s o n n e l "

40.1.1.2.1 Only authorized personnel trained in the safe operation of the equipment they use, in the operation of emergency controls, and in procedures to be followed in an emergency shall fuel or de fuel aircraft. (407.3-1)

40.1.1.5 Prevention and Control of Splils.

40-1.1.3.1 Fuel servicing equipment shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 407 andbe maintained in safe operating condition. Leaking or malfunctioning equipment shall be removed from service. (407.9.3.1)

40-1.1.3.2 Fuel nozzles shall not be dragged along the ground. (407- 3-2.9)

40-1.1.3.3 Pumps, either hand- or power-operated, shall be used when aircraft are fueled from drums. Pouring or gravity flow shall not be permitted from a container with a capacity of more than 5 gal (18.9 L). (407-3-9.3)

40-1.1.4 Bonding. '.'

40-1.1.4.1 Prior to making any fueling connection to the aircraft, the fueling equipment shall be bonded to the aircraft by use of a cable, thus prowding a conductive path to equalize potential between the fueling equipment and aircraft. The bond shall be maintained until fuelinl~ connections have been removed, thus permitting the reuniting of separated charges that could be generated during the fueling operauon. (407-3-4.1)

40-1.1.4.2 In addition to the above, when fueling overwing, the nozzle shall be bonded with a nozzle bond cable having a clip or plug to a metallic component of the aircraft that is metallically connected to the tank filler port. The bond connection shall be made before the filler cap is removed. If there is no plug receptacle or means of attaching a clip, the operator shall touch the filler cap with the nozzle spout before removing the cap so as to equalize the potential between the nozzle and the filler port. The spout shall be kept in contact with the filler neck until the fueling is completed. (407-3-4.2)

40-1.1.4.$ When a funnel is used in aircraft fueling, it shall be kel~t in contact with the filler neck as well as the fueling nozzle spout or the supply/:ontainer to avoid the possibility of a spark at the fill opening. Oniy metal funnels shall be used. (407-3-4.3)

40-1.1.4.4 When a hydrant servicer or cart is used for fueling, the hydrant coupler shall be connected to the hydrant system prior to bonding the fuel equipment to the aircraft. (407-3-4.4)

40-1.1.4.5 Bonding and fueling connections shall he disconnected in the i-everse order of connection. (407-3-4.5)

40-1.1.4.6 Conductive hose shall not be used to accomplish required bonding. (407-3-4.6)

40-1.1.5 Operation of Aircraft Engines, .4,,,dllmry Power Units, and H e a t e r s . •

40-I.I.5.1 Fuel servicing shall notbe done on an aircraft while an onboard engine is operating.

Exception: In an onergen~ resultingfiom th, failure of an onboard auxiliarj power unit on a jet aircraft and in t ~ absence of suitable ground support ~rai/yawnt, a jet engine mounted at the rear of the aircraft or on the wing on t ~ sid~ ogOosite from t ~ /ueZing poira may be opora~ du,ing /ueZing to pro~ide. ' power, providai that th* operation follows written proc~ums a p p r ~ l

th~ authority .|tat~ingjurisdiction. (407-3-5.1) "

40-1.1.5.2 Combustion heaters on aircraft (e.g., wing and tail surface heaters, integra ! cabin heaters) shall not be operated during fueling operations. (407-3-5.2)

40-1.1.6 Internal Combustion Engine Equipment Around Alrcraft (Other than Aircraft Fuel Servicing Vehicles).

40.1.I.6.1 Equipment, other than those performing aircraft servicing functions, shail not be permitted within 50 feet (15 m) of aircraft during fuel servicing operations. (407-2-5.1)

40.1.1.6.2 Automotive equipment pe.rforming aircraft servicing functions shall not be positioned within a 10-foot (3-m) radius of aircraft fuel system vent openings. (407-9-5.2)

40.1.1.7_ Open Flames. r

40.1.1.7.1 Entrances to fueling areas shall be posted with "NO SMOKING" signs. (407-3-8.1)

40-1.1.7.2 Open flames and lighted open flan'le devices shall be prohibited on aircraft servicing ramps or aprons and in other locations within 50 feet (15 m) of any aircraft fuel servicing operation ' or fueling equipment. (407-3-8.9)

40-1.1.7.$ The category of open flames and lighted open-flame devices shall include but not be limited to the following:

(a) Lighted cigarettes, cigars, pipes. (b) Exposed flame heaters, liqmd r ' , solid, Or gaseous devices,

includingportable and wheeled gasoline or kerosene heaters. (c) Heat-producing, welding or cutting devices, and blowtorches. (d) Flare pots or other open-flame lights.

40-1.1.7.4 Personnel shall not carry lighters or matches on their person while engaged in fuel servicing operations. (40%3-8.5)

40-1.1.7.5 Lighters or matches are prohibited on or in fueling equipment. (407-3-8.6)

40-1.1.7.6 The authority having jurisdiction may establish other locations where open flames and open-flame devices shail be prohibited. (407-~-7.3)

40-1.1.8 Aircraft Fuel Servicing Locations.

40.1.1.8.1 Aircraft fuel servicing shall be done outdoors. Airci'aft fuel servicing incidental to aircraft fuel system maintenance operations shall comply with the requirements of NFPA 410, Standard on Aircraft Maintenanc~ (407-2-11.1)

40-1.1.8.2 Aircraft being fueled shall be positioned so that aircraft fuel system vents or fuel tank openings are nbt closer than 95 feet (8 m) from any terminal building, hangar, service building, or enclosed passenger concourse other than a loading walkway or within 50 feet (15 m) of any combustion and ventilation air intake to any boiler, heater, or incinerator room facing the ramp side of the terminal or concourse. (407-3-10.2)

40-1.1.8.3 Accessibility to aircraft by emergency fire equipment shall be considered in establishing aircraft fuel servicing positions. (407-3- lO.3)

40.1.2 Airport Fueling Systema~

4 0 - 1 , 2 . 1 P l a n s a n d Specifications.

221

N F P A 1 m A 9 2 T C R

40-1.2.1.1 Work shall not be started on the construction or alteration of an airport fueling system until the design, plans, and specifications have been approved by the authority having jurisdiction. (407-2-4.1)

40-I .2.2 Acceptance Inspection.

40-1.2.2.1 The authority having jurisdiction may require that they inspect and approve the completed system before it is put into service. (407-2-4.2)

40-1.2.$ Fuel Storage Tanks.

40-1.2.$.1 The authority having jurisdiction shall determine the clearances required from runways and taxlways to any aboveground fuel storage structures or fuel transfer equipment with due recogni- tion given to national and international standards establishing clearances from obstructions. Tanks located in aircraft movement areas or aircraft servicing areas shall be underground or mounded over with earth. Vents fi'om such tanks shall be constructed in a manner to minimize collision hazards with operating aircraft. Aircraft operators shall be consulted as to the height and location of such vents to avoid venting flammable vapors in the vicinity of ignition sources, including operating aircraft and automotive equipment permitted in the area. (4~)7-2-4.4.2)

40-1.$ Aircraft Fueling Ramp Drain%oe.

40-I.3.I Application.

40-I.$.1.1 Aircraft fueling ramp drainage shall complywith this section and NFPA 4]5, listed in Chapter 43.

40-I.$.1.2 This section specifies minimum requirements for the de'slgn and maintenance of the drainage system of an aircraft fueling ramp to control the flow of fuel that may be spilled on a ramp and to mitumize the resultant possible danger therefrom. (415-1.1.1)

40-1.$.2 Design.

40-1.$.2.1 Aircraft fueling ramps shall slope away from terminal buildings, aircraft hangars, aircraft loading walkways, or other structures, with a minimum grade of one percent (1:100) for the first 50 ft (15.2 m). Beyond this.distance, the ramp slope to drainage inlets may be reduced to a minimum of 0.5 percent (1:200). (415-2- 1.1)

40-1.$.2.2 Aircraft fuelinsl ramp drainage as specified herein shall be accomplished by the provisions of 2-1.1in conjunction with:

(a) Use of drain inlets with connected piping.

(b) Use of open grate trenches. (415-2-1.2)

40-1.$.2.$ Drainage inlets, where provided, shall be a minimum of 50 ft (15.2 m) from structures listed in 2-1.1. (415-2-1.5)

40-1.$.2.4 The drainage system of any aircraft fueling ramp shall be so designed that the ftiel or its vapor cannot enter into the drainage system of buildings, areas utilized for automobile parking, public or private streets, the public side of airport terminal or aircraft hangar structures. In no case shall the design allow fuel to collect on the aircraft fueling ramp or adjacentground surfaces where it may constitute a fire hazard. (415-2-1.4)

40-I.$.2.5 The final separator or interceptor for the entire airport drainage system shall be designed to allow disposal of combustible or flammable liquids into a safeIy located, approve d containment facility. (415-2-1.5)

40-1 .$.2.6 Grates and drain covers shall be removable to facilitate cleaning and flushing. (415-2-1.6)

40-1.$.2.7 If open grate drainage trenches are used as a collection means, such open wenches, including branches, shall not be over 125 ft (38.1 m) in length with a minimum interval of 6 ft (1.8 m) between open trench sections to act as fire stops. Each 125-ft (38.1-m) section shall be individually drained through underground piping. Open trenches shall not be used where they are in line of pedestrian or passenger traffic. (415-2-1.7)

40-1.$.2.8 Underground piping ar/d components used in drainage systems shall be noncombustibre and inert to fuel. (415-2-1.8)

SECTION 40-2 FU~J.ING AT ROOF-TOP I-~JJPORTS

40-2.1 Application.

40-2.1.1 Fueling at roof-top heliports shall comply with this section and Section 2-5 of NFPA 407, listed in Chapter 43.

40-2.2 Approval Required.

40-2.2.1 Fueling on roof-top heliports shall be permitted only when approved by the authority havingjurisdicdon. (407-2-5.1)

40-2.$ General.

40-2.5.1 Facilities for dispensing fuel with a flash point below 100"F (37.8°C) shall not be provided at any roof-top heliport. (407-2-5.2.2)

40-2.4 Fueling Facilities.

40-2.4.1 The fuel storage system shall be located at or below ground level. (407-2-5.3.3)

40-2.4.2 Pumps shall be located at or below ground level. Relay pumping shall be prohibited. (407-2-5.4.1)

40-2.4.3 Pumps installed outside of buildings shall be located not less than 5 feet (1.5 m) from any building opening. They shall be substantially anchored and shall be protected against physical damage from co!lision. (407-2-5.4.2)

40-2.5 Emergency Fuel Shutoff Stations.

40-2.5.1 A system to completely shut off the flow of fuel in an emergency shall be provided. The system shall shut off the fuel at the grade level The emergency shutoffcontrols shall be in addition to the normal operating controls for the pumps and deadman control. (407-2-5.10.1)

40-2.5.2 At least two emergency shutoffstations located on opposite sides of the heliport at exitways or at similar locations shall be provided. An additional emergency fuel shutoff station shall be at grade level near, but at least 10 ft. O m) from, the pumps. (407-45. 4.2)

40-2.5.3 Each emergency fuel shutoffstation shall be placarded "EMERGENCYFUEL SHUTOFF" in letters at least 2 inches (50 ram) high. Method ofo~eration shall be indicated by an arrow or by the word "PUSH" or PULL, as appropriate. Any action required to gain access to the shutoff device (e.g., "BREAK GLASS") shalIbe clearly shown. Letterin~ shall be sharply contrasting with its background for color for ready vtsibility. Placards shall be o f a color weather resistant, shall be conspidously located so that they can be readily seen from a distance of at least 25ft. (7,6 m). (407-2-5.10.$)

40-2.6 Personnel T r a h ~ . All heliport personnel shall be trained in the operation of emergency shutoffcontrols and in the use of the available fire extinguishers. (407-2-5.12)

CHAFI"ER 41 SAFEGUARDS DURING BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION OPERATIONS

SECTION 41.1 GENERAL REQUIREMEN'~

41-1.1 Buildin~ undergoing construction or demolition operations shall complywlth this Code. Compliance with NFPA 241, Standazdfor Safeguarding Construction, Altcr~ion, and Demolition Opengions, is also required for items not specifically addressed herein.

41-1.2 A fire protection plan shall be established where required by the authority having jurisdiction.

41-1.$ Where required by the authority having jurisdiction, a telephone shall be provided at the construction site for the purpose of emergency notification. The sweet address of the construction site shall be posted adjacent to the telephone together with the emergency telephone number.

41-1.4 Temporary wiring shall comply with the provisions of Section 3-3 of this Code.

41-1.5 Cutting and welding shall comply with Chapter 34 of this Code.

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SECTION 41-2 FIRE SAFEFY DURING CONSTRUCTION

41-2.1 Fire lanes provided in accordance with Section 3-6 of this Code shall be provided at the start of a project and be m~dntained throughout construction for access.

Exception: Fire lane markings are not required until completion of the building project.

41-2.2 In all buildings over one story in height, at least one stairway shall be provided in usable condition at all umes. This stairway shall be extended upward as each floor is installed in new construction and maintained for: each floor remaining during demolition. The stairway shall be lighted. During construction the stairway shall be enclosed if the building exterior walls are in place. (241-5-4.8)

41-2.3.1 Water supply for fire protection, either temporary or permanent, shall be made available as soon as combustible material accumulates. There shall be no delay in ~ e installation of fire protection equipment. (241-6.8.2.1)

41-2.3.2 Where underground watermalns and hydrants are to be provided, they shall be installed, completed, andin service prior to combustible materials being brought onto the construction site. (241-6-8.2.2)

41-2.4 In buildings required to be provided with a standpipe system in accordance with this Code, not less than one standpipe shall be provided and kept in service during construction. Such standpipes shall be installedwhen the progress of construction is not more than 50 ft (15.25 m) in height above grade. Standpipes shall be provided with approved fire department hose connecuons at accessible locations adjacent to usable stairs and shall be designed to furnish 500 gal of water per minute at the top most outlet at 65 psi. This standpipe shall be extended as construction progresses to within one floor of the highest point of construction having secured decking or flooring. If the standpipe is temporary, it shall be designed to furnish 100 gal of water per minute at 65 pounds per sq in. with a standpipe size of not less than 4 in. (10.16 cm) anti shall remain in service until the permanent standpipe installation is complete.

41-2.5 Standpipes shall be provided with conspicuously marked and readily accessible fire department connections on the outside of the building at the street level and shall have at least one standard hose outlet at each level. (241-6-8.4.2,1)

41-2.6 Fire deparunent hose connections shall have external threads having the NH standard thread as specified in NFPA 1963, Standard for &iew Threads and Gaskets for Fire Hose Connections.

Exception: Where local fire department threads do not conform to z'~FPA 1963, the fire chief shall designate the connection to be used. (241-6-8.4.2.5)

41-2.7 The suitability, distribution, and maintenance of extinguishers shall be in accordance with NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers. (241-5-6.1)

41-2.8 At least one approved fire extinguisher shall also be provided in plain sight on '¢achfloor at each usable stairway. (241-5-6.3)

41-2.9 Suitable fire extinguishers shall be provided on manned equipment utilizing liquid fuel. (241-5.6.4)

41-2.10 Smokingshad be prohibited, except in those areas approved by the anthorityha~ngjurisdiction.

41-2.11 Accumulations of combustible waste material, dust, and debris, shall be removed from the structure and its immediate vicinity at the end of each work shift or more frequently as necessary for safe operations. (241-5-4.1)

41-2.12 Rubbish shall not be burned on the premises without first obtaining a permit from the authority having jurisdiction. (241-5-4.2)

41-2.15 Good housekeeping shall be maintained at all times. (241-3- 4.3)

41-2.14 Scaffolding, Shoring, and Forms.

41-2.14.1 Accumuiadons of unnecessary combustible forms or form lumber shall be prohibited. Combustible forms or form lumber shall be brought into the structure onlywhen needed. Combustible forms or form]umber shall be removed from the structure as soon as stripping is complete. Those portions of the structure where,

combustible forms are present shall not be used for the storage of other combustible building materials. (241-6-2.1)

41-2.14.2 During forming and stripping operations, portable fire extinguishers or chargedhose lines shall be provided to protect adequately the additional combustible loading. (241-6-2.2)

41-2.15 Flammable and Combustible Liquids.

41-2.15.1 Storage of fiammable and combustible liquids shall be in accordance with NFPA 30, F/ammabb and Combustibb Lk/u/ds Cod~ with the following specialprovision: Storage of Class I and II liquids shall not exceed 60 gal (227 L). (241.3-5.1.1)

41-2.15.2 Storage areas shall be kept free of weeds, debris, and combustible materials not necessary to the storage. (241-3-5.1.2)

41-2.15.5 Open flames and smoking shall not be permitted in flammable and combustible liquid storage areas. Such storage areas shall be appropriately posted as "NO SMOKING" areas. (24I-3-5.1.3)

41-2.15.4 Tanks and containers for the storage of flammable and combustible liquids aboveground shall be conspicuously marked with the name of the ]~roduct they contain and "Flammable. Keep Fire and Flame Away. (241-3-5.1.4)

41-2.15.5 At least one portable fire extinguisher having a rating of not less than 20-B shall-be located not less than 10 ft (Sin) nor more than 50 ft (15.2 m) from any Class I or II liquid storage area. (241-3- 5.1.5)

41-2.15.6 Class I and II liquids shall be kept in approved safety containers. (241-3-5.2.1)

i

41-2.15.7 Class I liquids shall only be dispensed where there are no open flames or other sources of ignition within the possible path of vapor travel. (241-3-5.2.3)

4-2,16 Temporary Heating Equipment.

41-2.16.1 Temporary heating equipment shall be listed and shall be installed, used, and maintained according to the manufacturer's instructions. (241-3-2.1)

41-2.16.2 Chimney or vent connectors, where required from direct fired heaters, shall be maintained at least 18 in. (457 mm) from combustibles and shall he installed in accordance with NFPA 211, Standard for Chimneys, Fireplace, Vents and Solid Fuel Burning Appliance. (241.3-2.2)

i 41-2.16.3 Oil-fired heaters shall comply in design and installation

• features with NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of OilBurning EquipmenL (241-3-2.3)

41-2.16.4 Fuel Supplies for liquefied petroleum gas-fired heaters shall comply with NFPA58, Standa~ for the Storage and Handling of Liquefied Petroleum G ~ and NFPA 54. NationalFud Gas Cod~ (241-3-2.4)

41-2.16.5 Refueling operations shall be conducted in an approved manner. (241-3-2.5)

41.2.16.6 Heating devices shall be situated so that they are not likely to overturn and shall otherwise be installed in accordance with their listing, incinding clearance to combustible material, equipment, or construction. (241-3-2.6)

41.2.16.7 Temporary heating equipment, when utilized, shall be monitored andmaintalned by properly trained personnel. (241-3- 2.6)

41-2.16.8 Alteration of Building.

41-2.16.8.1 Where the building is protected by fire-protection systems, such systems shill be maintained opei"ational at all times during alteration.

Exception: Where alteration require.~ modification of a portion of the fire protection system, the remainder of the system shall be hept in service and the fire department shall be notified. When it is necessary to shut down the system,

. the authority havingjuti,dlctio" "n shall have the authority to require alternate measures of protection until the system is returned to service. The fire department shall be notified when the system is shut down and when returned to service.

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41-2.16.8.2 All required exit components shall be maintained in accordance with this Code as deemed necessary by the authority having jurisdiction.

41-2.18.8.$ Fire-resistive assemblies and construction shall be maintained.

SECTION 41-$ FIRE SAFETY DURING DEMOI~rION

41-$.1 Where a building intended to be demolished contains a sprinkler system, such system shall not be rendered inoperative without approval of the authority having jurisdiction.

41-8.2 Demolidon operations involving the use of cutting and welding shall be done in accordance with Chapter 34 of this Code.

41-3,4 Combustible waste material shall not be burned at the demolition site, unless approved by the authority having jurisdiction. Combustible materials shall be removed from the site as often as necessary to minimize the hazards therefrom.

41-$.4 Where in the opinion of the authority having jurisdiction the demolition site is of a hazardous nature, qualified personnel shall serve as an onsite fire watch.

41-8.5 Demolition Using Explosives.

41-$.5.1 The provisions of Chapter 38 on Explosives, Ammunidon, and Blastin~ Agents shall apply in addition to the specific requirements of this section. (241-7-5.1)

41-$.5.2 If explosives are used in demolition work (implosion), hose lines [at least two 1 1/2 in. (3.8 cm) or one 2 1/2 in. (6.4 cm)] shall be provided in the immediate vicinity of the demolition site during actual detonation. These lines must be of sufficiem length to be - capable of extinguishing any incipient fire anywhere on the demolition site ~ter detonation. (241-7-5.2)

CHAPTER 42 (RESERVED)

CHAPTER 45 REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS

(See Appendix B for other referenced publications that are advisory and thus do not constitute part of the requirements of this Code.)

45-1 The following documents or ]portions thereof are referenced within this Code and shall be considered part of the requirements of this document. The edition indicated for each reference is the current edition as of the date of the NFPA issuance of this document or the edition from which the extracted material came.

The Fire Prevention Code Committee recognizes that it is some- times not practical to continually upgrade erasdng buildings or installations to comply with all the requirements of the following referenced publicauons: Existing buildings or installations that do not complyhdth the provisions of the following referenced publications may be continued in service, provided the lack of conformity with these standards does not present a serious hazard.

45-2 NFPA Publlcaflons. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.

NFPA 10, Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishos, 1990 edidon

NFPA 11, Standard for Low Expansion Foam and Combined Agent Systems, 1988 edition

NFPA 11A, Standard for Medium- and High-Expansion Foam Systems, 1988 edition

NF'PA 12, Standard on Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, 1989 edition

NFPA 12A, Standard on Hakm 1301 Fire Extinguishing Systems, 1989 edition

NFPA 12B, Standard on Halon 1211 Fire Extinguishing Systems, 1990 edition ,

NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Spinkler System~ 1991 edition

NFPA 13D, Standard for the Installation of .~minkler Systems in One- and Tuo-Family Dwellings and Mobile Homes, 199I edition

NFPA 13R, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems in Residential Occupande~ Up to Four Stories in He/ght, 1991- edition

NFPA 14, Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose System~ 1990 edidon

NFPA 15, Standard for Water Spray Fixed Systons forFire Pmuaion, 1990 edition

NFPA" 16, Standard on the l n s t ~ of Dduge Foum-Water Sprinkler and Foam-Watvr Spmy Systems, 1991 edition

NFPA 17, Standard for Dry Chon/ca/Ext/ngu/sh/ng Systems, 1990 edition

NFPA 17A, Standard for Wet Chonical Extinguishing Syston~ 1990 edition

NFPA 90, Standard for t~ Installation of Centnfugal Fire Pumps, 1990 edition

NFPA 24, Standard f ir the lnstaldation of Ptivat~ Fire &rvice Mains and TheirAppu~mances, ]987 edition

NFPA 30, Flammable and Combust/ble L/qu/ds Code, 1990 edition

NTPA 30A, Automotive and Marine Soy/co Star/on Code 1990 edidon

NFPA 31, Standard for the Installation of Oil Burning Equipmen~ 1987 edition

NFPA 32, Standard for Drjcleaning Plants, 1990 edition

NFPA 85, Standard for Spray .A[,plication Using Flammable and Combustible Materials, 1989 ediuon

NFPA 34, Standard for Dipping and Coating Processes Using Flammable or Corabustible Liquids, I989 edidon

NFPA 40, Standard :.or Storage and Handling of Cdluose Nitrate Motion Pictur~Film, 1988 edidon

NFPA 43A, Code for the Storage of Li~. id and Solid 0 ~ , 1990 edition

NFPA 43B, Gxte for the Storage of Organic Peroxide Formulations, 1986 edition

NFPA 45, Standard on Fire Protection of Labomto6es Using Chemicals, 1991 edition

NFPA 50, Standard for Bulk Oxygen Systems at Consumer Sites, 1990 edition

NFPA 50A, Standard for Gasmus Hydrogen Systems at Consumer Sit~ 1989 edition , ,

NFPA 50B, Standard for Liquefied Hydrogen Systems at Consumer Sites, 1989 edition

NFPA 51, Standard for the Design and Installation.of O~en4~uel Gas Systems for Welding, Cutting and Allied Process~ 1987ediuon

NFPA 51A, Standard for A cet.ylene Cylinder Charging Plan~ 1989 edition

NFP A 51 B, Standard for Fire Prevention in Use of Cutting and Welding Procezses, 1989 edidon

NFPA 54, NationalFuel Gas Cod~ 1988 edition

NFPA 58, Standard for the Storage and Handh'ng of Li fuef~ Perform Gases, 1989 edition

NFPA 59, Standard for the Storage and Handling of Liquefud P~robum Gain at Utili~ Gas Plants, 1989 edition

NFPA 59A, Standard for the Production, Storage and Handling of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), 1990 edidon

NFPA 61A, Standard for Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions in Facilities Manufacturing and Handling Starch, 1989 edition

224

N F P A 1 m A92 TCR

NFPA 61B, Standard for the Prevention of Fires and Explosions in Grain Elevators and Fadlities Handling Bulk Raw Agdculiural Commodities, 1989 edition •

NFPA 61 C, Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions in Feed Mill.~ 1989 edition

NFPA 61D, Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions in the Milling of Agricultural Coramodities for Human Consumption, 1989 edition

NFPA 65, Standard for the Proce~ng and Finishing of Aluminura, 1987 edition

NFPA 69, Standard on Explosion Prev~tion Syster~ 1986 edition

NFPA 70, NationalElearical Code, 1990 edition

NFPA 71, Standard for the Installation, Maintenance, and Use of Signaling Systems f ~ t r a l Station Service, 1989 edition

NFPA 72, Standard for the Installation, Maintenance and Use of Protective Signaling System, 1990 edition

NFPA 72E, Standard on Automatic Fire Detectors, 1990 edition

NFPA 80, Standard for Fire Doors and ~nd~s , 1990 edition

NFPA 85F, Standard for the Installation and Op~ation of Pulvoized Fuel Systems, 1988 edition

NFPA 86, Standard for Ovens and Furnac~, 1990 edition

NFPA 88A, Standard for Parking Structures, 1991 edition

NFPA 88B, Standard for Rtpair Garage, 1991 edition

NFPA 90A, Standard for the Installation of Air Conditioning and Ventilating Systems, 1989 edition

NFPA 91, Standard for the Installation of Blower and Exhaust Systems for Dust, Stock and Vapor Removal or Conveying, 1990 edition

NFPA 96, Standa'rd for the Installation of Equipmsmt for the Removal of Smoke and Grease-Laden Vapors from Commerdal Cooking Equipmen~ 1991 edition

NFPA 101, Code for Safety to Life frora Fire in Buildings and Structures (Life Safety Code), 1991 edition

NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Syston.~ 1988 edition

NFPA 211, Standard for Chimneys, Fireplace, Vents and Solid Fuel Burning Appliances, 1988 edition

NFPA 220, Standard on Types of Building Construction, 1985 edfiion

NFPA 231, Standard for General Storage, 1990 edition

NFPA 231C, Standard for Rad¢ S~ra~. of Mate~ais, 1991 edition

NFPA 231D, Standard for Storage of Rubber Tires, 1989 edition

NFPA 241, Standard for Safeguarding Construction, Alteration, and Demolition Operations, 1989 edition

N ~ A 251, Standard Methods of Fire Tests.of Building Construction and Materials, 1990 edition

NFPA 255, Standard Method of Test of'Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Martials, 1990 edition

NFPA 256, Standard Method of Fire Tests of Roof Coverings, 1987 edition

NFPA 321, Standard on Basic Classification of Flammable and Combustible Liqu/ds, 1991 edition

NFPA 385, Standard for Tank Vehicles for Flammable and Combustible Liqu/da, 1990 edition -

NF'PA 395, Standard for the Storage of.Flammable and Combustible Liquids on Farms and Isolated Construction Projects, 1988 edition

NFPA 407, Standard for AircraflFuel SOvidnEo 1990 edition

NFPA 409, Standard on Aircraft Hangars, 1990 edj'tion

NFPA 415, Standard on Aircraft Fueling Ramp D r a i ~ , 1987 edition

NFPA 416, Standard on Construaion and Ptoteaion of Ai~7ort Terminal Buildings, 1987 edition

NF'PA 418, Standard for Helipor~ 1090 edition

NFPA 490, Code for the S ~ of Ammonium Nitrat~ 1986 edition

NFPA 495, Explos/ve Mats~ds Code, 1990 edition

NFPA 498, Standard for Explosives Motor Vehicle Terminals, 1990 edition

NFPA 505, Firesafety Siandard for Powered Industtal Trucks Indudi.n~ Type Designations, Areas of Use, Maintenance and Operation, 1987 ediuon

NFPA 650, Standard for Pneumatic Conveying Systems for Handling Combustible Matmia& 1990 edition'

NFPA 651, Standard for the Manufacture of Aluminum and Magnesium Powder, 1987 edition

NFPA 654, Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions in the Chemical Dye, Pharnma~cal, and Plastics Industri~ 1988 edition

NFPA 655, Standard for Pnvention of Sulfur Fires and Explosion~ 1988 edition

NFP A 664, "Standard for the Prevention of Fires and Explosions in Wood Processing and Woodworking Facilities, 1987 edition

NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flarae-ReMaant Textiles and Films, 1989 edition

NFPA 1123, Standard for Outdoor Di~lay of Fireworks, 1990 edition

NFPA 1124, Code for the Manufaaure, Transportation, and Storage of Firewor~ 1988 edition

NFPA 1231, Standard on Water Supplie~ for Suburban and RuralFire Fighting, 1989 edition

NFPA 1962, Standard for the Care, Us¢ and Maintenance of Fire Hose Including Couplings and Nobles, 1988 edition .

NFPA 1963, Standard for Screw Threads and Gaskets for Fire Hose C0nnsctions, 1985 edition.

43-4 Other Publications.

ANSI/ASME A17.1-1987, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators, American Society of Mechamcal Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017

ANSI/ASME A17.3-1986, Safetycode for Existin~ Elevators and F~calators, American Societyof Mechanical Engineers, 345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017

ASTM D 86-82, Standard Method of Test for DistiUation of Petroleum Products, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.

ASTM D 92-78, Cleveland Open Cup Test Method, American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916Race Street, Philadephla, PA 19103.

ASTM E 136-1982, Standard Method for Behavior of Materials in a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 ~ ~ American Society for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race Street, Philadephla, PA 1910,3

49 CFR 100-1979, Haxardous Materials Regnlation of the U.S. Department of Transportation

49. CFR 397, Federal Motor Carrier Safety Regulation~

PART VI APPENDIXES

APPENDIX A EXPLANATORY NOTES

This appendix is not part of the requirements of Oils NFPA documen~ but is included for informational purposes only.

' 2 2 5

NFPA 1 ~ A92 TCR

A-l-&3 Multistory buildings under construction, repair, alteration should no t be occupied unless all means of egress and fire protection features are in place for the occupied floor, all floor below the occupied floor and one floor above the occupied floor.

A-1-9.2 Any "non-required" system that, f fno t maintained properly, could create a false sense of security may be considered as creating an unsafe condition and therefore should be removed or properly maintained.

A-1-15.14 Form o f written permit.

(SEE EXAMPLE PERMIT APPLICATION BELOW)

A-2.1 Approved. The National Fire Protection Association does not approve, respect or certify any installations, procedures, equipment , or mater ia lshor does it approve or evaluate testing laboratories. In determining the acceptability of installations or procedures, equipment or materials, the authority havingjunsdict ion may base acceptance on compliance with NFPA or o ther appropriate standards. In the absence o f such standards, the authority having jurisdiction may require evidence of proper instal lat ion,procedure or use. The authority having jurisdiction may also refer to the listings or labelin~ practices o f an organization concerned with product evaiuauons which is in a position to determine compliance with appropriate standards for the current product ion o f listed items.

A-2-1 Authority Having Jurisdiction. The phrase "authority having jurisdiction" is used inNFPA documents in a broad manner since "urisdictions and "a rovai" agencies va as do J . . . . . PP . r y . . . their responstbdmes. Where pubhc safety is pnmary, the "authonty havlngjurisdiction" may be a federal, state, local, or other regional department or individual such as a fire chief, authority having jurisdiction, chief of a fire prevention bureau, labor department, health department, building official, electrical inspector, or others having statutory authority. For insurance purposes, an insurance

inspection depar tment rating bureau, or o ther insurance company representativ~ may be the "authority having jurisdiction." In many circumstances, the proper ty owner or his designated agent assumes the role o f the "authonty having jurisdiction": "at government instal~tions, the commandin~ officer or departmental official may be the "authority havingjurisdicuon."

A-2-1 Listed. The means for ident i~ing listed equipment may vary for each organization concerned with product evaluauon, some of which do not recognize equipment as listed unless it is also labeled. The authority h a v i n g ~ c t i o n should utilize the system employed by the listing orgamzation to identify a listed product.

A-6-6.1.$ These hazard classifications only apply the selection and use of portable fire extinguishers, and should no t be confused with o ther hazard classification systems referenced in this code (i.e. NFPA I01, NFPA 13).

A-7-1.5.2 The enabling legislation adopt ing this code should specify a specific date for compliance with this Section. Building owners and managers should be notified of this requi rement within 180 da D of code adoption.

The following items should be considered by the authority having jurisdiction as guidance in evaluating compliance plans such as:

(a) Shortage of quaILfied contractors to install sprinklers systems.

(b) Impact on owners and tenants as a result o f existing conditions contained in lease agreements.

(c) Environmental constraints resulting from contaminated material being removed from limited areas of the building during installation o f sprinklers and at tendant activity.

A-1-151i4 EXAMPLE PERMIT APPLICATION

(Front)

PERMIT FOR cu ' rFING AND WELDING

WITH PORTABLE (;k.q OR ARC EQUIPMENT

DMe

Dept. ........................................................................... Floor ........................

Work m be do_,a-_ ..........................................................................................

8pe¢~ Preeautio,- ..................................................................................

/g fire watch requirsd? ................................................................................

The locatmn where this work is to be done has been exannned, necessary prec~utaons taken, and permission is granted for this work. (See other rode)

Permit expirm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

• ~igned ............................................................ (Individual responmble for

authorizing welding and cutUng)

Time started ...................................................... Completed ..................

FINAL CHECK-UP

Work ares and all adiaemt areas to which sp~ks and heat might have spread (includin K floors above and below and on oppemte ,,',din o(wal ls) were mapected 30 minutes after the work WM completed and were found firma/e.

Signed .......................................................... (Supervmor or Fire Watcher)

(Purr)

ATTENTION Before approving any eut.t~.g and welding permit, the lit'e safety" supervisor or his appmnUm Mudl ,z~pcct the work area and confirm tha.t pre- eauuom Imve been taken to prevent fire in acco~anee with NP~A MB.

PRECAUTIONS Q Spnmkk~ in ~rvlee Q Cutting and welding equipment in good rsp~ur

WITHIN 35 FT. OF WORK 0 Floors awept clean oi cornbusublea I-1 Combtmtiblo floors wet down, covered with damp sand. metal or

other iddelda rl No comblmtible material or flammable liquids CI Combtmtiblm and flammable liqmd* protected with eoi, ers, guards

or metal ahields El All wall and floor openmga covered 0 Covm ~pended beneath work to collect sparks

WORK ON WALLS OR CEILINGS /'1 CormtlrucUon noncombustible and without combuauble covenng [] Comh,mtibim moved away from opposite rode of wall

WORK ON" ENCLOSED EQUIPMENT (Taaka, containers, ducta, dust cnlleetnrs, ete.I

0 Equipment e _1~_~1_ of all mmbusubles I"1 Contmnm purged of flammable vapom

FIRE WATCH D To be provided during and 30 minutea after operation 17 Supplied with exUn~Jshm" and small hose l-I Trained m mm of equipment and in rounding fire alarm

FINAL CHECK-UP /'1 To be made 30 minutes after compleUon of any operation unlme

fire watch m provided.

Signed.. (Superv:sor)

226

N F P A I ~ A92 T C R

(d) Available time to install sprinklers in the occupied spaces.

(e) Financial constraints of owners being able to fund the cost of installing automatic sprinklers with associated costs.

(f) " Ability of the owner to coordinate general building remodeling with the actual sprinkler retrofit process.

A-7-7.1 NFPA 16A should be referred to when considering dosed head foam water systems.

A-8-5.4.1 NFPA 72H, Guide for Testing Procedures for Local, Pmpeietary Protective Signaling Systems, should be referred to.

A-8-8.1.1 This Code contains requirements for automatic sprinkler protection that may not be required by other NFPA codes or standards. These requirements are included in this code from a property protection standpoint in an effort to reduce property damage due to fire, as well as the costs of manual fire suppressioia in years to come.

A-37-4.1 Emergency discharge systems for ammonia and/or other refrigerants should comply with the requirements of ANSI/ASHRAE 15-1989 and ANSI/IIAR 2-1984 (Revised).

Where discharge to atmosphere, endan, gers life or the environment, manually controlled discharge of refrigerant vapor to a water diffusion system should be considered. '

Appendix la NONMANDATORY REFERENCED PUBLICATIONS

lb.1 The following documents or portions theieofare referenced within this Code for informational purposes only and thus are not considered part of the requirements of this document. The edition • indicated for each reference is the current edition as of the date of the NFPA issuance of this document.

B-I.1 NFPAPubllcations. National Fire Protection Association, 1 Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 02269-9101.

NFPA 68, Guide for Venting of Deflagratio~ 1988 edition

NFPA 13A, Reccommend~ Practic~ for th~ Inspection, Testing, and ,Maintenance of Sprinkler Systems, 1987 edition

NFPA 72H, Guide for Testing Proc, edures for Loca~ Auxiliary, Remote Station, Propliaary Protective Signaling Systems, 1988 edition.

;B-l.2 Other Publicationa.

ANSI/ASHRAE 15-1989

ANSI/IIAR 2-1984 (Revised)

Appendix C OXIDIZgR$ AND ORGANIC PEROXIDES

C-I This appendix provides information, explanations and examples to illustrate and clarify the hazard categories contained in Chapter 27 of the Fire Prevention Code. The hazard categories are based upon the Code of Federal Regulations Title 29 (CFR-29). Where numerical classifications are included, they are in accordance with nationally ,recognized standards.

C-2 Oxidizers. (NFPA 43A-Append~ B)

C-2.1 ~ I Oxidizers.

C-2.1.I Typical Oasa I Oxidizers.

All Inorganic nitrates (unless otherwise classified) All InorGanic nitrites (unless otherwise classified) Ammonmm persulfate Barium peroxide Calcium peroxide Hydrogen peroxide solutions (greater-than 8 percent up to 27.5 percent) . Lead dioxide Lithium hypochlorite (30 percent or less available chlorine) Lithium peroxide Magnestum peroxide Manganese dioxide Nitri~ acid (40 percent concentration or less) Perchloric acid solutions (less than 50 percent by weight)

Potassium dichromate Potassium percarbonate Potassium persulfate Sodium carbonate peroxide Sodium dichloro-s-trlazinetrione ~hydrate Sodium dichromate Sodium perborate (anhydrous) Sodium perborate monohydrate Sodium perborate ~trahydrate Sodium percarbonate Sodium persulfate Strontium peroxide Zinc peroxide

C-2.2 Class 2 Oxidizers.

G2.2.1 Typical O a u 20xidlze~.

Barium bromate Barium chlorate Barium hypochlorite Barium perchlorate Barium permanganate 1-bromo-3-chloro-5,5-dime thylhydan toin Calcium chlorate Calcium chlorite Calcium hypochlorite (50 percent or less by weight) Calcium perchlorate Calcium permanganate Chromium trioxide (Chromic acid) Copper chlorate Halane ( 1,3-Dichloro-5,5-<limethylhydan toin) ' Hydrogen peroxide (greater than 27.5 percent up to 52 percent) Lead perchlorate Lithium chlorate ' Lithium hypochlorite (more than 39 percent available chlorine) Lithium perchlorate Magnesium bromate ' Magnesium chlorate Magnesium perchlorate Mercurous chlorate Nitric acid (more than 40 percent but less than 86 percent) Perchloric acid solutions (more than 50 percent but less than 60 ~ ercent)

ota:s, slum perchlorate Potassium permanganate Potassium peroxide Potassium superoxide Silver peroxide Sodium chlorite (40 percent or less by weight) Sodium perchlorate Sodium perchlorate monohydrate Sodium permanganate. Sodium peroxide Strontium chlorate Strontium perchlorate Thallium chlorate Trichloro-s-triazinetrione (Trichloroisocyanm'ic acid) Urea hydrogen peroxide Zinc bromate Zinc chlorate Zince permanganate

~2.3 C l ~ 3 Oxidizers.

C-2.5.I, Typical Class $ Oxidizers.

Ammonium dichromate Calcium hypochlorite (over 50 percent by weight) Chloric acid (I 0 p~e. rcent maximum concentration)' Hydrogen peromde solutions (60 percent to 72 percent by weight) Potassium bromate Potassium chlorate Potassium dichloro-s-triazinetrione (Potassium dichloroisocyanurate)

C-2.4 Class 4 Oxidizers.

C-2.4.1 Typical Class 4 Oxidizers,

Ammonium perchlorate (particle s~e greater than 15 microns) Ammonium permanganate Guanidine mtrate Hydrogen peroxide solutions (greater than 91 percent) Tetranttromethane

227 /

NFPA 1 m A 9 2 TCR

NOTE: Ammonium perchlorate less than 15 microns is classified as an explosive arid as such is not covered by this code.

C-$ Organic Peroxide Formulations. (NFPA 43B-Appendix B)

Class I Formulations.

Fire Hazard C A a ~ t i c a . Class I formulations present a deflagration hazard through easily initiated, rapid explosive decomposition. Class I includes some formulations that are relatively safe only under closely controlled temperatures. Either excessively high or low temperatures may increase the potential for severe explosive decomposition.

FireFigtainglafonaation. The immediate area should be evacuated and the fire should be fought from a remote location. Some damage to structures from overpressure can be expected, should a deflagration occur.

Typical Class I Formulations.

Acetyl Cyclohexane

Peroxide Concentration

Weight Percent

Diluent

Maximum Individual

Container Size

6O-65 Water 1 IhR

Sulfonyl Peroxide

Benzoyl Peroxide 98+

1 ib t-Butyl Hydro-peroxide

90 Water & t-BuOH

Sg~ t-Butyl Peroxyacetate

75 OMS 5g~

t-Butyl Peroxyisopropyl-carbonate 92'

OMS 5gal

Diisopropyl Peroxy- dicarbonate

Di-n-propyl PeroxT- discarbonate

100

10 lb R

98 85

oMs 1

R- Refrigeration Required OMS - Odorless Mineral Spirits t-BuOH - tertiary Butanol For SI Units: 1 lb = 0.454 kg; 1 gal ; 3.785 liters

Class II Formulations.

FireHazard Characteristics. Class II formulations present a severe fire hazard similar to Class I flammable liquids. The decomposition is not as rapid, violent, or complete as that produced by Class Iformula-

• tions, this class includes some formulations that are relatively safe when under controlled temperatures or when diluted.

Fire Fighting lnformation. Fires should be fought from a safe distance, since a hazard exists from rupturing containers.

Typical Class II Formulations. /

Peroxide Concentradon, Weight Percent

Diluent Maximum Individual

Contain,,," Size Acetyl Peroxide

25 DIVE? s ~

t-Butyl Hydroperoxide 7 0

DTBP& t-BuOH 55 gal

t-Butyl Peroxybenzoate 98

5 ~ t-Butyl Peroxy.2-ethylhexanoate •

97

t-Butyl Peroxyisobutyrate 55 ~al R 75

OMS Sga lR

t-Butyl Peroxyisopropyl- carbonate

t-Butyl Peroxypivalate

Dibenzoyl Peroxydicarbonate

Di-sec-butyl Peroxy- dicarbonate

Di-sec.butyl Perox~ dicarbonate

1,1-Di-(t-butyl peroxy)- 3,5,5.trime thylcyclohexane

Di.(2-ethylhexyl) Peroxy- dicarbonate

75 OMS s ~

75 OMS

SgalR

85 Water 14 lb R

98

S~R

75 OMS

95

S,gal

97

I g a l R 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5 di- (benzoylperoxy) hexane

92

50 x I Ib 4x51b

Peroxyacetic Acid 43

Water, HOAc,

& HgO~ 30 {~alz

R- Refrigeration Required DTBP - Ditertiary Butyl Phthalate OMS - Odorless Mineral Spirits DMP - Dimethyl Phthalate HOAc. Acetic Acid HgO 9- Hydrogen Peroxide t-B'uOH - tertiary Butanol For SI Units: 1 lb = 0.454 kg; I gal = 3.785 liters

228

, N F P A 1 - - A 9 2 T C R

Class III Formulations.

Fire Hazard ChamcUrlstlc~. Fire Hazard Characteristics. Class IH formulations present a fire hazard similar to Class II combustible liquids. They are characterized by rapid burning and high heat liberation, due to decomposition.

FireFightlnglnfonnatlon. Caution should be observed due to possible unexpected increases in fire intensity.

Typical Class HIFormulations.

Peroxide

Concentration, Weight Percent

Diluent Maximum Individual

Container Size Acetyl Cyclohexane

29 , DMP

1 R Sulfony~PPeroxide

BenzoylPeroxide

Water 25 lb

Benzoyl Peroxide paste 55

BBP ' 380 lb


BBF 380 lb

Cumene Hydroperoxide 86

Cumene 55 gal

Di- (4-butylcycloh exyl) peroxydicarbonate

98

88"1b - t-Butyl Peroxy-2-ethyl-

hexanoate 97

5 " R

~ '/5 OMS

5 galR Decano~8Peroxide

1001b R Di-t-Butyl Peroxide

9 9 '

55 # 1,1-Di (t-butylper0xy)- 5,5,5-trime thylcyclo-

h e x a n e

75 DBP & OMS 5 #

2,4-Dichlorobenzoyl 50

DBP & Silicone

5 # Diisopropyl Peroxy-

dtcarbonate 30

Toluene

2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di- (2-ethythexanoyt- peroxy)-hexane

9O 5 °

2,5.Dime~myl.2,5.di. ( t-butylper~0xY ) hexane

s 0 ~ Methyl Ethyl Ketone

Peroxide 9% AO

DMP 5 #

R- Refrigeration Required AO - Active Oxygen DMP - Dimethyl Phthalate DBP - Dibutyl Phthalate OMS - Odorless Mineral Spirits DTBP - Ditertiary Butyl Phthalate BBP - Butyl Benzyl Phthalate

Class IV Formuhtions.

Fire Hazard Gharaaoutics. Class IV formulations-present fire hazards that are easily controlled. Reactivity has little effect on fire intensity.

Fire Fighting lnformation. Normal fire fighting procedures maybe used.

Typical Class IV Formulations.

Peroxide

Concentration, Weight Per'cent

Diluent M~lmum Individual

Container Size BenzoylTPeroxide

Water 25 lb


BBP & Water 380 lb

Benzoyl Peroxide slurry 4O

Water & Plasticizer

380 Ib Benzoyi Per~sxide powder

Starch 100 lb

t-Butyl HyTd~operoxide •

Water 55 gal

t-Butyl Peroxy.2.ethylhexanoate

50 DOP 55

Dicumyl ~ealroxide 98

• - 55 gal Di-(2-ethylhexyl) ~ ro~ l i ca r l :mna t e

OMS 5 R .

Lanroy~pIperoxide 98

2 2 9

N F P A 1 - - A 9 2 T C R

110 lb p-Methane

52.5 Alcohols

55 gal Hydroperoxide

&: Ketones

Methyl Eth~l Ketone Peroxide 5.5% AO

DMP 5

Methyl Em~yl Ketone Peroxide 9.0% AO Water &

R- Refril~eratlon Required AO - Active Oxygen BBP. Butyl Beng, yl Phthalate DOP - Dioctyl Phthldate OMS - Odorless Mineral Spirits DMP - Dimethyl Phtha]ate

For SI Units: 1 Ib = 0.454 kg: I gal = 3.785 liters

Class V Formulations.

Fire Hazard Chamao~tic,. Class V formulations do not themselves bum and do not present a decomposition hazard.

Fire Fighting lnfonnation. Fire fighting procedures need only consider the combustibility of containers.

Typical Class V Formulations.

Peroxide

Concentration, Weight Percent

Dguem Maximum Individual

Container Size Benzoyl Peroxide

35 Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate

or Calcium Sulfate 100 lb

1,1- Di-t-butyl peroxy- 3,5.5-trimethyl cyclohexane

40 Calcium

Carbonate 100 ib

2,5-Dimethyl-2,.5.di- (t-butylper~TxY) hexane

Inert Solid 100 lb

2.4-Pentanedione Peroxide 4% AO

Water & solvent 5S~

AO = Active Oxygen

For SI,Units: 1 lb = 0.454 kg: 1 gal = 3.785 liters

230