REPORT Investigation of the audiovisual material included ......REPORT Investigation of the audiovisual material included in the case file of the murder of Pavlos Fyssas on the 18th

REPORT

Investigation of the audiovisual material included

in the case file of the murder of Pavlos Fyssas

on the 18th of September 2013

10 July 2018

(translated from Greek on 19 October 2018)

Forensic Architecture

Goldsmiths, University of London

London SE14 6NW

United Kingdom

T+44 (0) 20 7078 5387

www.forensic-architecture.org

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Contents

1. INTRODUCTION 2

1.1 ABOUT FORENSIC ARCHITECTURE 3

1.2 ISSUES TO BE ADDRESSED 4

2. RESEARCH FRAMEWORK 5

2.1 INFORMATION SUBMITTED FOR EXAMINATION AND CORROBORATION 5

2.2 ASSESSMENT OF MATERIALS 9

3. METHODOLOGY 13

4. RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS 15

4.1 VIDEO SYNCHRONISATION 15

4.2 AUDIO SYNCHRONISATION 21

4.2.1 INTRODUCTION 4.2.2 SYNCHRONISATION OF AUDIO FILES BASED ON CONTENT

4.2.3 SYNCHRONISATION OF AUDIO FILES BASED ON PHOENETIC ANALYSIS 4.2.4 CONFIRMATION OF SYNCHRONISATION

4.3 CORRELATION OF VIDEO AND AUDIO FILES 34

4.4 MARGIN OF ERROR 34

4.5 CALCULATION OF THE COURSE OF G. ROUPAKIAS' VEHICLE 35

4.6 CALCULATION OF THE ABSOLUTE TIME FRAME OF THE MURDER 36

5. CONCLUSIONS 38

6. CREDITS 40

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1. Introduction

The present study was commissioned by Mr Panagiotis Fyssas, Ms Magdalene Fyssa and Ms Eirini Fyssa. The purpose of Forensic Architecture’s investigation was to examine the audiovisual material contained in the case file and to undertake spatial and temporal analysis of the incidents preceding the murder of Pavlos Fyssas, in order to identify the locations of the involved parties. 34-year-old Pavlos Fyssas was murdered with a knife in Keratsini (Athens, Greece) shortly after midnight on the 18th of September 2013. The alleged perpetrator, Georgios Roupakias, was arrested at the crime scene after being identified by the victim himself. According to other witnesses1 at the scene, the killing followed an organised attack by a group of people wearing the insignia of Golden Dawn, a prominent neo-Nazi group with representation in the Greek parliament. The defendant himself is reportedly a member of Golden Dawn, and specifically of the local Nikaia branch. Two DI.AS. (rapid response police motorcycle teams) police units, namely 408-01 “Keratsini” and 410-01 “Perama”, were also present at the crime scene. The police officers who reached the crime scene have testified that they arrived too late to prevent the attack2. Contrary to the testimonies of the police officers, eye witnesses have

stated that the police were near the crime scene just a few minutes before the murder3.

1See Dimitrios Chatzistamatis’ sworn statement, dated 18 September 2013.2 See see Angeliki Legatou’s sworn statement, dated 18 September 2013. 3 See Chrysoula Tosloukou’s sworn statement, dated 30 September 2013.

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1.1 About Forensic Architecture

Forensic Architecture (FA) is a research agency, based at Goldsmiths, University of London. The team includes architects, scientists, academics, journalists, technology experts and other specialized professionals and experts. Forensic Architecture undertakes advanced architectural and media research on behalf of international prosecutors, human rights organisations, as well as political and environmental justice groups. We have provided spatial research and evidence for numerous human rights investigations and prosecutions under international law, including at the UN General Assembly in New York in October 2013 and the Human Rights Council in Geneva in 2014 (on drone warfare via the UNSRCT4). We presented evidence in the Israeli High Court for the (Palestinian) village of Battir vs. the Ministry of Defence through Michael Sfard, who won this case on 4 January 2015. Our report on the Use of White Phosphorous in Urban Environments was presented at the UN Human Rights Council Geneva in November 2012 and in March 2011 at the

Israeli High Court (for Yesh Gvul via Michael Sfrad). The Forensic Oceanography team (Charles Heller and Lorenzo Pezzani) from Forensic Architecture presented the case of the Left to Die Boat before the French Tribunal de Grand Instance in April 2012, the Brussels Tribunal de première instance in November 2013, and in the courts of Spain and Italy on June 2013. The Gaza Platform and our Rafah: Black Friday report about the 2014 Gaza War, developed together with Amnesty International, was submitted to the UN Independent Commission of Inquiry on March 2015 and to the ICC5 in March and September 2015. For more info, please visit: www.forensic-architecture.org

4 United Nations Special Rapporteur for Counter Terrorism 5 International Criminal Court

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1.2. Issues to be addressed

The mandate given to FA by the lawyers of the family of Pavlos Fyssas was to determine, using the audiovisual material in the case file, whether it would be possible to:

- Synchronise the video footage related to the murder of Pavlos Fyssas;

- Determine the direction of the moving persons and vehicles that appear in this material, as well as the real time of their movements;

- Identify any movement of police cars or motorcycles and, if so, whether it is possible to identify their route and the real time thereof;

- Identify any movement of a convoy of vehicles and, if so, their direction, their route, and the real time thereof;

- Identify the time of arrival of a car that appears to be moving against the direction of oncoming traffic;

- Identify the time of the murder of Pavlos Fyssas;

- Establish if there were any uniformed pedestrian police officers present and, if so, when and where do they appear.

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2. Research framework

2.1. Information submitted for examination and corroboration This report examines the audiovisual material contained in the case file of the murder of Pavlos Fyssas. It includes footage from nearby security cameras, radio recordings from the internal communication system of the Athens Police, phone calls to the ambulance operation centre (the National Centre of Direct Assistance or “EKAV”). These sources were analysed with digital tools, described in greater detail below, in order to extract relevant information for the spatial and temporal reconstruction of the incidents that led to the murder.

More specifically, the source materials used by FA in the course of our investigation were found in the following case file exhibits:

WITNESS STATEMENTS / DIAGRAMS

1. Michail Xypolitos witness statement, 18 September 2013 2. Dimitrios Chatzistamatis witness statement, 24 September 2013 3. Georgios Doulvaris witness statement, 20 March 2014 4. Angeliki Legatou sworn statement, 18 September 2013 5. Anastasios Tsolakidis sworn statement, 18 September 2013 6. Andreas Biagkis sworn statement, 8 October 2013 7. Anastasios Tsolakidis sworn statement, 18 September 2013 8. Explanatory chart ν.18, A. Michalaros (Case file exhibit no. 275) 9. Explanatory chart ν.10, G. Patelis (Case file exhibit no. 275) 10. Explanatory chart ν.29, I. Lagos (Case file exhibit no. 275) 11. SMS sent by I. Kazatzoglou’s mobile phone (Case file exhibit no. 375)

AUDIO FILES 6

A. DI.AS. Folder (Case file exhibit no. 70)

File name 428.wav 429.wav 449.wav 450.wav 451.wav 452.wav 453.wav 454.wav

455.wav 456.wav 457.wav

6NB: When referencing the audio material derived from the ambulance operation centre in this report, we used the original audio filenames, as they appear on the audio files themselves. These did not always agree with the way these files appeared on the transcript minutes. For the sake of clarity, whenever an audio file from the ambulance operation centre is used, we have also noted the page number of the transcript minutes where this audio file is recorded.

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460.wav 461.wav 462.wav 463.wav 466.wav 467.wav 468.wav 469.wav 470.wav 520.wav 524.wav 525.wav 526.wav

B. Anti-Terrorist Police Channel Folder (Case file exhibit no. 67)

File name 159.wav 160.wav 161.wav

C. Ambulance Radio Channel Folder (Case file exhibit nos. 62-63)

File name 00.25A.wav 00.25B.wav 00.26.wav

D. Ambulance Operational Centre Folder (Case file exhibit nos. 62-63)

File name 00.04.wav 00.25.wav 00.25B.wav 00.24.wav 00.27.wav

VIDEO FOOTAGE

Videos showing the Golden Dawn convoy and the ambulances:

Α. Case file exhibit no. 90 Camera located at: 28 P. Tsaldari street File path: CCTV\DVD - Eurobank 28-30_25]9]2013\406 Amfialis 18.09.13 0000-0115\Clip\1379451602_1379456101_0_24\Data\20130918\00 File: 00:00:00-00:00:10 (camera looking at the street) File time: 12:00:44 to 12:01:037

Β. Case file documents 103

7 The software used to play the video opens all video files together. Therefore, the time here does not represent the actual length of the video and has been replaced by the camera time.

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Camera located at: 40 P. Tsaldari street (Camera A) File path: CCTV\DVD - Είδη ρουχισμού Π. Τσαλδάρη 40_25]9]2013\ΤΣΑΛΔΑΡΗ 40 File: 3_01_H_092013220000.h264 File time: 57:03 to 57:20

C. Case file exhibit no. 98 Camera located at: 42 P. Tsaldari street File path: CCTV\DVD - Φαρμακείο Π. Τσαλδάρη 42_25]9]2013-ΑΝAMENEΤΑΙ\ΤΣΑΛΔΑΡΗ 42\130926-113518\11pm - 12.04am File: 20130917-235358-0340.h264 File time: 00:25 to 00:40

D. Case file exhibit no. 101 Camera located at: 46 P. Tsaldari street (Camera Α) File path: CCTV\DVD - GIORGINI κατάστημα ειδών ένδυσης Π. Τσαλδάρη

46_27]9]2013\videos File: 20001027235950_20001028043000_1_1.avc File time: 01:20:27 to 01:20:50

Ε. Case file exhibit no. 101 Camera located at: 46 Tsaldari street (Camera B) File path: CCTV\DVD - GIORGINI κατάστημα ειδών ένδυσης Π. Τσαλδάρη 46_27]9]2013\videos File: 20001027235950_20001028043000_3_2.avc Time file: 51:55 to 52:20

Videos showing DI.AS. unit and the attack against Pavlos Fyssas:

F. Case file exhibit nos. 93 and 113 Camera located at: 68 P. Tsaldari street File path: CCTV\FLASH DRIVE - PASSION LINGERIE Π. Τσαλδάρη 68_8]10]2013_ΑΝΑΜΕΝΕΤΑΙ File: CAM01_20130918004609_1889468 Time file: 15:20 to 15:30 Time file: 15:30 to 15:40 Time file: 16:50 to 17:00 Time file: 17:10 to 17:15 Time file: 19:00 to 19:20 Time file: 19:20 Time file: 19:50 Time file: 20:45

Videos used for the synchronisation of camera footage:

G. Case file exhibit no. 100 Camera located at: 40 P. Tsaldari street (Camera B) File path: CCTV\FLASH DRIVE - ΑΟΥ από Χρυσοχοείο

ΧΡΥΣΟΤΟΠΟΣ_26]9]14\20130925132040\11pm - 1pm File: CH04-2013-09-17-23-44-47 Time file: 23:36 to 23:40

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H. Case file exhibit no. 100 Camera located at: 40 P. Tsaldari street (Camera C) File path: CCTV\FLASH DRIVE - ΑΟΥ από Χρυσοχοείο ΧΡΥΣΟΤΟΠΟΣ_26]9]14\20130925132040\11pm - 1pm File: CH02-2013-09-18-00-02-03 File time: 12:00 to 12:05

Videos used in the research but proved of no significant importance:

Ι. Case file exhibit no. 89 Camera located at: 25 Tsaldari street File path: CCTV\DVD - OTESHOP Π. Τσαλδάρη 25_27]9]2013\videos\DVD 4\VIDEO_TS File: VIDEO_TS File time: 00:00 to 00:10 (random)

J. Case file exhibit no. 94 Camera located at: 71 P. Tsaldari street File path: CCTV\CD - Το χωριάτικο Π. Τσαλδάρη 71_27]9]2013\videos File: Xoriatiko Amfiali_Κανάλι 02_20130918000000_20130918004918_1432057184_0001 File name: 00:00 to 00:10 (random)

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2.2. Material assessment

CCTV Footage One of the security cameras, which was installed at a lingerie store (Passion Lingerie)

on number 68 P. Tsaldari Street8, recorded both the attack against Pavlos Fyssas from a distance and the movement of DI.AS. motorcycles along P. Tsaldari street. Other nearby cameras (located at: Eurobank, 28 P. Tsaldari Street; clothing store, 40 P. Tsaldari Street; pharmacy, 42 P. Tsaldari Street; and Giorgini [clothing store], 48 P. Tsaldari Street)9 recorded the vehicles driven by the alleged Golden Dawn members, including a car that fits the description of Georgios Roupakias’ car (a silver-coloured Nissan Almera), as well as the ambulances. Almost none of the security cameras have accurate metadata. A preliminary examination of the material reveals that the CCTV cameras were not accurately set by their owners, and thus the videos note inaccurate dates and times. Moreover, the audiovisual examination of the video footage undertaken by the Anti-Terrorist Police Division fails to specify the methodology used to examine this material, thus proving the insufficiency of their analysis. For example, the time deviations (or the difference between the actual time and that found in the metadata of the video files) calculated by the Anti-Terrorist Police Division, in relation to the footage from two shops on 28-30 P. Tsaldari and 42 P. Tsaldari Street10, are, de facto, incorrect. The two stores are 120 metres away from one another. The CCTV cameras captured two ambulances moving northwest, from 28-30 P. Tsaldari Street to 42 P. Tsaldari Street. However, according to the assessment of the police report (Figs. 1 and 2), the first ambulance appears on the camera at 42 P. Tsaldari Street four (4) minutes and twenty-one (21) seconds before the moment that it appears on the camera at 28-30 P. Tsaldari Street, effectively travelling backwards in time (Table 1). The same error is repeated regarding the arrival of the second ambulance.

8 Case file exhibit nos. 93 and 113 9 Case file exhibit nos. 90, 103, 98, 101 respectively 10Case file exhibit nos. 90 and 98 respectively

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Fig. 1 – Extract from the Audiovisual Examination Report elaborated by the Anti-Terrorism Police Division, wherein the footage derived from the CCTV cameras at 28-30 P. Tsaldari Street is examined (Case file exhibit no. 90).

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Fig. 2 – Extract from the Audiovisual Examination Report elaborated by the Anti-Terrorism Police Division, wherein the footage from the CCTV cameras at 42 P. Tsaldari Street is examined (Case file exhibit no. 98).

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Case file exhibit no.

Location of the camera

Arrival of the 1st ambulance according to video metadata

Time deviation as calculated in the report of the Anti-Terrorism Police Division

Reported arrival

time of the 1st ambulance, according to the report of the Anti-Terrorism Police Division

90 28-30 P. Tsaldari street

00:31:21 According to the Police, the time set on the camera is 00:02:00 earlier than real time

00:33:21

98 42 P. Tsaldari street

00:25:00 According to the Police, the time set on the camera is 00:04:00 earlier than real time

00:29:00

Table 1 – Analysis of the Anti-Terrorism Police Division’s assessment of the arrival time of the first ambulance at the scene, which was moving in a northwest direction from 28-30 P. Tsaldari St. to 42 P. Tsaldari St.

As a result of errors such as these, this study was conducted independently from the police report and partially contradicts the conclusions therein. Audio files The police audio files (specifically from folders B RT ΚΕΝΤΡΟ ΑΔ, B’ RT Τροχαίας,

Police Radio, A RT METRON, ΑΣΦΑΛΕΙΑ, ΑΣΦΑΛΕΙΑ 2, B RT METRON, Δ.Α.Ε.Α., Δ.Α.Ε.Α. 2, Δ.Α.Ε.Ε.Β., ΔΙ.ΑΣ., ΤΕΡΜΑΤΙΚΟΣ)11 bear accurate ‘time stamps’. However, the audio files of the ambulance radio channel and the calls to the ambulance operation centre12 do not contain any metadata. As a result, the estimated times reported in the content of the calls, as well as in the related transcripts, are not accurate. Conclusion In light of the above, it was necessary to find identifying elements that could connect the audio and video files that captured the murder of Pavlos Fyssas in order to deduce an accurate timeline of the murder as well as the respective positions of the people involved.

11 Case file exhibit nos. 67-70 12 Case file exhibit nos. 62-63

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3. Methodology

In order to carry out this research, Forensic Architecture used a series of multimedia analysis and spatial surveying techniques, as set forth below: Synchronisation of Audiovisual Material Firstly, the available footage was examined in corroboration with a map and photos of the broader region in which the murder took place. We then mapped the field of view of each CCTV camera within a 3D model of the area (Fig. 3), derived from maps and satellite photographs (from Google Earth and Google Maps) as well as an on-site survey. The 3D model was created using the following software:

- Rhinoceros 5.0

- 3D Studio Max

Fig. 3 – The fields of vision of each CCTV camera (in white).

Following this, FA then conducted a close visual examination to synchronise several videos from the CCTV cameras that were installed at the shop fronts along P. Tsaldari Street. For instance, we traced the movement of pedestrians walking at a constant pace across the fields of view of adjacent cameras. We also followed the movement of cars on P. Tsaldari Street, as these were moving across the fields of view of multiple CCTV cameras. The synchronisation was accomplished by calculating the average speed of these moving bodies and vehicles, which was in turn confirmed by the recordings of multiple adjacent cameras. Each synchronisation is explained in detail in Section 4.1.

We were thus able to synchronise the following files:

- Eurobank – 28 P. Tsaldari Street

- Είδη ρουχισμού – 40 P. Tsaldari Street (clothing store)

- Φαρμακείο – 42 P. Tsaldari Street (pharmacy)

- Giorgini κατάστημα ειδών ένδυσης – 46 P. Tsaldari Street (clothing store)

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- Passion Lingerie κατάστημα εσώρουχων – 68 P. Tsaldari street (lingerie

store)13 Other video files included in the report were examined for visual clues but were not analysed further, as their content was deemed irrelevant to our investigation. The videos were analysed visually while using the following video processing software:

- Adobe Premiere Pro

- Adobe After Effects In some cases, the image quality was digitally enhanced by adjusting parameters such as brightness and contrast. In addition, in order to find an accurate ‘time stamp’ for the newly synchronised footage, we had to connect the videos to the audio files that contained accurate metadata. This synchronisation of the visual and audio materials was accomplished by observing the arrival of the first ambulance (Ambulance B35) to the crime scene. The ambulance was recorded passing from the consecutive CCTV cameras installed at numbers 28, 40, 42 and 46 P. Tsaldari Street. The arrival of the ambulance was also announced on different audio files from the ambulance operation centre14, which do not contain accurate metadata, as well as on the police internal radio system (DI.AS. Police folder and Anti-Terrorist Police Channel folder)15, which does contain accurate metadata. In order to identify the exact time that Ambulance B35 arrived at the scene, it was necessary to synchronise the audio files that recorded the announcement of the ambulances arrival with one another, as well as with the accurately-timed police transmissions. The synchronisation was based on the content of each call as well as phonetic analysis. The audio analysis that led to the synchronisation is thoroughly described in Section 4.2. The following software was used for the audio analysis:

- Audio files were synchronised using Adobe Premiere Pro and Adobe Audition

- Phonetic analysis was conducted through the use of Praat audio analysis software.

Examination of Synchronised Audiovisual Material Finally, after connecting the available videos with the audio files and as the compilation now had a clear anchor in time, we could examine the synchronised audiovisual material. Through this examination, and in conjunction with witness testimony, we were able to derive the accurate movements of the involved parties and their proximity to the incident. The study thus enabled the diagrammatic illustration of the incidents in space16.

13 Case file exhibit nos. 90, 103, 98, 101, 93 and 113 respectively 14Case file exhibit nos. 62-63, 67-70 15 Case file exhibit nos. 67-70 16Where the movement of the involved parties was not recorded in a video or an audio file, their relative position was illustrated in the 3D model as it had been reported in the statements of eye witnesses (See: Dimitra Zorzou’s sworn statement, 19 March 2014; Paraskevi Karagiannidou’s sworn statement, 20 March 2014).

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4. Research and analysis

4.1 Video synchronisation

Firstly, in order to synchronise the video footage that was extracted from the CCTV cameras located on P. Tsaldari Street, we identified recognisable architectural elements, such as trees, pavement designs, utility poles, and electricity boxes. We then sought out for further visual indicators, such as moving elements, both pedestrians and vehicles, that were captured in multiple fields of view. The speed of these moving elements was calculated by observing their movement across multiple video frames. Based on the observed speed, we calculated the time required for these elements to move from a starting point captured by one camera to another location that was captured by an adjacent camera. In this way, we managed to connect the cameras in time. The following table (Table 2) documents these calculations in detail. Following the initial synchronisation of the footage, we observed the movement of further visual indicators as they moved across frames and thus confirmed our results.

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Table 2

File folder Camera Synchronised camera

Visual indicator(s)

Visual indicator calculation

Relative times Real Time/ Camera Time

Synchronisation calculation

Deviation between Real Time and Camera Time

Assessment of deviation from the Anti-Terrorism Police Division Report

Difference between Police calculation and Real Time (according to this analysis)

DVD - Eurobank 28-30_25]9]2013 28 P. Tsaldari 40A P. Tsaldari

‘Smart’ car, black car, and white car with a horizontal black line on the side (driving northwards)

Based on the pavement design, we observed and measured the speed of the cars

between (a) the last visible column as seen by camera 46A and (b) the last visible column as seen by camera 46B. Distance: 27m Duration: 03.76 Time: 11:54:15:15 - 11:54:11:11 Speed: 7.1808 m/s

28 Tsaldari: 11:54:13:00 / 23:55:47 40A Tsaldari: 11:54:24:00 / 22:52:12

Cars moving from the tree on 28 P. Tsaldari to the corner on 40A Tsaldari. Distance: 79m Speed: 7.1808 m/s Required time: 00:00:11

Camera time is 00:01:34 later than real time

According to the Police, camera time is 00:02:00 earlier than real time.

Police calculated time is 00:03:43 earlier than real time.

DVD - Destiny of hair_30]9]2013 13 P. Tsaldari 25 P. Tsaladri

Young woman, wearing white tank top, speaking on her mobile phone (walking southwards)

Walking speed in front of OTE store. Distance: 11.6m Time: 00:07 Time codes: 11:57:51:00 - 11:57:58:00 Speed: 1.6571m/s

25 P. Tsaldari: 11:57:58:00 / 23:45:11 13 P. Tsaldari: 11:58:58:00 / 23:58:48

Pedestrian woman walking between the southern end of 25 P. Tsaldari and the southern end of 13 P. Tsaldari. Distance: 100m Speed: 1.6571 m/s

Camera time is 00:00:10 earlier than real time. Correct time


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Required time: 00:01:00

DVD -OTESHOP Π.Τσαλδάρη 25_27]9]2013 25 P. Tsaldari 40A Tsaldari

Car, Police motorcycle, car, Police motorcycle (flashing lights, moving southwards)

Average speed of

the vehicles moving northwards between the two columns on 46 Tsaldari (A & B). Distance: 27m Speed at: 11:55:46:05: 9m/s (3s) Speed at: 11:56:52:02 : 9 m/s (3s) Speed at:11:59:28:05: 11.11 m/s (2.43s) Speed at: 12:00:48:10: 11.44 (2.36s) Average speed: 10.1375 m/s

40A Tsaldari: 12:39:59:03 / 23:37:49 25 Tsaldari: 12:40:04:12 / 00:27:18

Moving vehicles used as indicators, moving between the corner on 40A P. Tsaldari and the visible left end of 25 P. Tsaldari. Distance: 52m Speed: 10.1375 m/s Required time: 00:05:09

Camera time is 00:12:46 earlier than real time. Correct time

Police calculated time is 00:12:46 earlier than real time

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DVD - Είδη ρουχισμού Π. Τσαλδάρη 40_25]9]2013

40A P. Tsaldari 40B Tsaldari

Pedestrian man wearing blue shirt (moving northwards)

Pedestrian man wearing blue shirt walking northwards between the south

point on 38 P. Tsaldari pavement and the south end of the white power box (both points are visible on 40A P. Tsaldari) Distance: 13m Time: 00:07.36 (7.36s) Time codes: 11:59:45:00 to 11:59:52:02 Speed: 1.7105 m/s

40 P. Tsaldari: 11:59:54:04 / 22:57:41 40A 40 P. Tsaldari: 11:59:57:08 / 00:20:37

Pedestrian man walking between the two red posts on the street, between 40A and 40B. Distance: 5.4m Speed: 1.7105 m/s Required time: 00:03:16

Camera time is 01:02:14 earlier than real time.

No calculation indicated. -

FLASH DRIVE - ΑΟΥ από Χρυσοχοείο ΧΡΥΣΟΤΟΠΟΣ_26]9]14

40B P. Tsaldari 40C Tsaldari

Pedestrian man wearing blue shirt (moving northwards)

Red triangle markings on the pavement and the design on the shop front reveal overlapping cones of vision. They were synchronised by observing the route of the pedestrian man wearing the blue shirt.

40 P. Tsaldari (B&C): 11:59:57:08 / 00:20:37

40B & C Tsaldari share the same metadata.

Camera time is 00:20:40 later than real time. Correct time

Police calculated time is 00:20:40 later than real time.

DVD - GIORGINI κατάστημα ειδών ένδυσης Π. Τσαλδάρη 46_27]9]2013

46A P. Tsaldari 40A P. Tsaldari

Motorcycle passing in front of the white electricity box

Camera cones of vision overlap. Cameras were synchronised by matching the

40A P. Tsaldari: 12:02:01:24 / 22:59:49 N/A

Camera time is twelve (12) years, ten (10) months, twenty (20)

According to the police, camera time is twelve (12) years, ten (10) months,


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movement of the motorcycle around the white electricity box.

46 P. Tsaldari: 12:02:01:24 / 03:00:43

days and 21:01:18 earlier than real time.

twenty (20) days and twenty-one (21) hours earlier than real

time.

DVD - GIORGINI κατάστημα ειδών ένδυσης Π. Τσαλδάρη 46_27]9]2013

46Β P. Tsaldari 46A P. Tsaldari

Parked white car, visible in both cameras, pulls out from parked position.

Camera cones of vision partially overlap. Cameras were synchronised by matching the movement of the white car.

46 P. Tsaldari (A&B): 11:49:54:00 / 02:48:36

46A & B P. Tsaldari share the same metadata

Camera time is twelve (12) years, ten (10) months, twenty (20) days and 21:01:18 earlier than real time.

According to the police, camera time is twelve (12) years, ten (10) months, twenty (20) days and twenty-one (21) hours earlier than real time.


DVD - Φαρμακείο Π. Τσαλδάρη 42_25]9]2013

42 P. Tsaldari. 46A P. Tsaldari

Black car switches on headlights and pulls out from parked position.

Camera cones of

vision partially overlap. The cameras were synchronised by matching the movement of the black car.

42 P. Tsaldari: 11:57:19:09 / 23:52:25 46 P. Tsaldari: 11:57:19:09 / 02:56:01

Camera time is 00:04:54 earlier than real time.

According to the police, camera time is 00:04:00 earlier than real time.


FLASH DRIVE - PASSION LINGERIE Π. Τσαλδάρη 68_8]10]2013 68 P. Tsaldari 46 P. Tsaldari

‘Smart’ car, white car (driving northwards)

The car speed between (a) the last visible column as seen in camera 46A and (b) the last visible column as seen in camera 46B was observed and measured. Distance: 27m Time: 02.45

46B P. Tsaldari: 11:57:03:00 / 02:55:44 68 P. Tsaldari: 11:57:13:20 / 00:00:36

Cars driving from the furthest column of 46B P. Tsaldari to the corner of 68 P. Tsaldari. Distance: 117m Speed: 9.75 m/s Required time: 00:00:12

Camera time is 00:03:22 later than real time. Correct time


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Time codes: 11:57:00:00-11:57:02:12 Speed: 9.75 m/s

CD - Το χωριάτικο Π. Τσαλδάρη 71_27]9]2013 71 P. Tsaldari 25 P. Tsaldari

Pedestrian man wearing a blue shirt and khaki trousers (moving

southwards)

Walking speed between the south end of 25 P. Tsaldari and the south edge of 13 P. Tsaldari was measured. Distance: 100m Time: 01.31 Time code: 11:59:16:14

Speed: 1.09 m/s

25 Tsaldari: 11:59:16:14 / 23:46:30 71 Tsaldari: 11:56:56:18 /

23:55:35

Pedestrian man walking between 71 P. Tsaldari and 25 P. Tsaldari. Distance: 193m Speed: 1.09 m/s Required time:

00:02:20

Camera time is 00:01:21 earlier than

real time. Correct time

Police calculated time is 00:01:21 earlier than

real time.

21

4.2 Audio files synchronisation

4.2.1 Introduction

In order to identify the exact timing of the incidents and generate an accurate timestamp to the (now synchronised) video files, we had to find an element that would connect the video footage to those audio files that contained accurate metadata. The synchronisation was based on the simultaneous visual and audio appearance of the first ambulance (B35), which was recorded passing in front of the consecutive cameras installed on P. Tsaldari street, whilst its arrival was also announced through the Police radio channel. Files 159-16117 from the Anti-Terrorist Police radio channel, which have accurate metadata, we can hear the following dialogue, at 00:30:01 (18 September 2013):

ANTI-TERRORIST POLICE CHANNEL 159 – 161 (00:30:01)

Anti-Terrorist Police Channel Κ-206: - Κ-206?

Anti-Terrorist Police Headquarters: - Proceed, the person has been collected, correct? 206? Anti-Terrorist Police Channel Κ-206: - The ambulance just arrived.

Therefore, it seems that the ambulance arrived just before 00:30. In order to identify the exact time of its arrival, this study referred to other related calls without exact metadata. In particular, in the file named AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.2418, Christos Deligiannis, Police Officer of the DI.AS. Police Unit, witnessed the arrival of the ambulance while speaking with a doctor at the ambulance operation centre:

AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.24 (no metadata)

[…] DI.AS. Police Unit 410-01 (Deligiannis): - Is the ambulance approaching?

- The ambulance is here. - Angeliki, is the ambulance here?

(in the background): -Yes it is on Salaminos..

17Case file exhibit no. 6718Case file exhibit nos. 62-64 / ambulance operation centre minutes transcript p.10 (Case file exhibit no. 62)

22

DI.AS. Police Unit 410-01 (Deligiannis):

- Ok, ok doctor, the ambulance is here, ok. Doctor: - Ok, ok.

In order to define the time of this call, it had to be connected with other calls that were directly or indirectly connected to the police communications with accurate metadata.

4.2.2 Audio files synchronisation based on content

The following analysis concentrates on the synchronisation of the files that relate to the events just a few minutes before the ambulance arrived at the crime scene. This synchronisation enabled us to time the audio files that have no accurate metadata by linking them to other recordings which bear an accurate ‘timestamp’.

DI.AS. POLICE CHANNEL 520, 524 – 52619, AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.25Β20 At 00:25:57, according to file DI.AS. POLICE CHANNEL 520 (which contains accurate metadata), the police officers of DI.AS. Police Unit 408-01 were discussing the possibility of using a taxi to take Pavlos to the hospital:

DI.AS. POLICE CHANNEL 520 (00:25:57)

DI.AS. Channel 408-01: - 408? DI.AS. Headquarters: - Proceed, Keratsini [team] DI.AS. Channel 408-01: - HQ, we are being informed that he…the patient will be taken by a taxi. - to take him to the hospital

DI.AS. Headquarters: - Has the ambulance arrived? DI.AS. Channel 408-01: - Negative, negative. It has not arrived yet. DI.AS. Headquarters: - And who’s deciding about the taxi guys? DI.AS. Channel 408-01: - HQ…the Director is here.

19Case file exhibit no. 7020Case file exhibit nos. 62-64 / Ambulance operation centre minutes transcript p.10-11 (Case file exhibit no. 62)

23

DI.AS. Headquarters:

- If it’s decided by the Director, ok.

Following this, based on DI.AS. POLICE CHANNEL 524-526 recordings (which contain accurate metadata), at 00:27:49, DI.AS. Headquarters called back DI.AS. Police Unit 408-01, after they had been informed of the arrival time of the ambulance by the ambulance operation centre:

DI.AS. POLICE CHANNEL 524 – 526 (00:27:49)

DI.AS. Headquarters - (...) Keratsini? DI.AS. 408-01 - Proceed. DI.AS. Headquarters - The ambulance informed us that they are on Salaminos. They will be there in 2-3 minutes.

The call of DI.AS. headquarters to the ambulance operation centre, named AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.25B, which lacks a ‘timestamp’, matches the two previous recordings based on its content:

AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.25Β (no metadata)

Ambulance operation centre - Yes, go ahead. DI.AS. headquarters - Can you hear me? Good afternoon. Ambulance operation centre - Yes, hello. DI.AS. headquarters - I am calling from the DI.AS. headquarters. Ambulance operation centre - Is this about the…about Keratsini? DI.AS. headquarters - Yes, is the ambulance approaching? Because… Ambulance operation centre

- There are two ambulances, one has left from Nikaia. - And the other from Koumoundourou square …. DI.AS. headquarters - This is not what I wanted to ask. I understand things are hectic today.

24

Ambulance operation centre - Go ahead. - Yes, go ahead. DI.AS. headquarters - I am asking because they are talking about putting him into a taxi… Ambulance operation centre - One.. - One…, one moment. DI.AS. headquarters - If the ambulance is nearby, maybe we shouldn’t. Ambulance operation centre - No, no, one minute. Don’t…don’t put him into a taxi. Ambulance operation centre (to caller) - Call Β21. DI.AS. headquarters - Ask if they are close... Ambulance operation centre (to ambulance) - B21? Ambulance operation centre - I’ll tell you right away, don’t put him into a taxi, one moment... - Don’t put him in a taxi, one moment, let him ask first. Ambulance operation centre (to ambulance) - B225 calling B21? - Calling B21? - Calling B35.

Ambulance Β35 (to caller) - [...] Ambulance operation centre (to caller) - Has he arrived? Where is he, ask him. Ambulance operation centre (to ambulance) - Are you approaching? Ambulance Β35 (to caller) - Yes, in a bit...we are on Salaminos street. Ambulance operation centre (to DI.AS. headquarters) - They will be there in one to two minutes. Ambulance operation centre (to position 3) - In one to two minutes they will be there, Spyro[…] a minute or two. Ambulance operation centre - Ok.

25

- Ok.

DI.AS. headquarters - Ok, Ok Ambulance operation centre - Ok.

The above call fits between the previous ones. The call started after 00:26:25 (when DI.AS. 520 call was terminated) and before 00:26:41, since its duration is one (1) minute and seven (7) seconds and since DI.AS. 524-526, which follows this call, started on 00:27:49. The possible deviation of this synchronisation is 16 seconds. AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.25Β21 AND AMBULANCE RADIO CHANNEL 00.25Α, 00.25Β, 00.2622 Radio channel recordings between the ambulance operation centre and Ambulances B21 and B35, which lack metadata, are also connected with the above sequence, since the files AMBULANCE RADIO CHANNEL 00.25A, 00.25B, and 00.26 contain the same conversation as the one recorded in file AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTER 00.25B.

AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.25Β

(no metadata)

AMBULANCE RADIO CHANNEL 00.25Α, 00.25Β, 00.26

(no metadata)

Ambulance operation centre (to ambulance) - Β225 calling B21? - B21? - Β35? Ambulance Β35 (to caller) - (...)? Ambulance operation centre (to caller) - Has he arrived? Where is he, ask him. Ambulance operation centre (to ambulance) - Are you approaching? Ambulance Β35 (to caller) - Yes in a bit… we are on Salaminos street.

Ambulance operation centre (to ambulance) - Β35? Ambulance Β35 (to caller) - (...)? Ambulance operation centre (to ambulance) - Are you approaching? Ambulance Β35 (to caller) - Yes in a bit… we are on Salaminos street. Ambulance operation centre (to ambulance) - Ok, ok in two minutes? Ambulance Β35 (to caller) - Two, three minutes approximately, headquarters.

21Case file exhibit nos. 62 – 63 / Ambulance operation centre minutes transcript p.10 - 11 (Case file exhibit no. 62)22Case file exhibit nos. 62 – 63 / Ambulance operation centre minutes transcript p.13 (Case file exhibit no. 62)

26

Ambulance operation centre (to DI.AS.

Headquarters) - They will be there in one to two minutes.

AMBULANCE RADIO CHANNEL 00.25Α, 00.25Β, 00.2623 and AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.2524 Another police officer called the ambulance operation centre to get information. This call, AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.25, although it has no metadata, is connected with the previous calls based on its dialogue content. The ambulance operation centre caller (position 3) was informed by the operator who contacted Ambulance B35 about the estimated arrival time of the ambulance.

AMBULANCE RADIO CHANNEL 00.25Α, 00.25Β, 00.26 (no metadata)

AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.25Β (no metadata)


Ambulance operation centre (to Ambulance B35) - B35? Ambulance Β35 (to caller)

- [...]? Ambulance operation centre (to Ambulance B35) - Are you approaching? Ambulance Β35 (to caller) - Yes in a bit, we are on Salaminos street. Ambulance operation centre (to Ambulance B35) - Ok, ok in two minutes? Ambulance Β35 (to caller) - Two, three minutes approximately, headquarters

Ambulance operation centre (to ambulance) Β225 calling B21? - B21? - Β35?

Ambulance Β35 (to caller) - [...]? Ambulance operation centre (to caller) - Have you arrived? Are you close? Where are you, ask him. Ambulance operation centre (to Ambulance) - Are you approaching? Ambulance Β35 (to caller) - Yes in a bit, we are on Salaminos street. Ambulance operation centre (to DI.AS. Headquarters) - They will be there in one-two minutes.

Ambulance operation centre - This is position 3, go ahead please

Police - Hello….I am calling from the police… Ambulance operation centre - Yes guys Police - About a stabbed person who is about to pass away on Tsaldari… Ambulance operation centre - Tsaldari? Police - Yes, Tsaldari 60, in Keratsini Ambulance operation centre - Tsaldari 60, in Keratsini?

23Case file exhibit nos. 62-63 / Ambulance operation centre minutes transcript p.13 (Case file exhibit no. 62)24Case file exhibit nos. 62-63 / Ambulance operation centre minutes transcript p.10 (Case file exhibit no. 62)

27

Police - Yes, yes, we have called many times about it […] Ambulance operation centre - The Ambulance will be there in two minutes, I am being informed […] Police - Ok, hurry up, because the person is about to die, ok bye. Ambulance operation centre - Yes, yes, guys, ok.

AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.24 and 00.2725 Finally, the last call by DI.AS. Officer Christos Deligiannis to the ambulance operation centre paints a vivid picture of the scene in Keratsini and Pavlos Fyssas’ condition just a few minutes before the ambulance arrived. The police officer called the ambulance operation centre seeking help. Later, DI.AS. Headquarters connected Deligiannis with a doctor from emergency services, who gave Deligiannis first aid instructions. At the end of this call, Deligiannis was informed that the ambulance was approaching from Salaminos Avenue. Thus, it was crucial to identify the exact time of this call.

Firstly, it was noted that the two files, AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.24 and 00.27, although they had no metadata, were directly linked to one another, as the exact same dialogue was recorded by both sides. More specifically, both files included the following extract (marked in red):



Ambulance operation centre (position 5) - Shall I pass you to a doctor who can instruct you in first aid? DI.AS. Police Unit 410-01 (Deligiannis) - What first aid are you talking about, tell me what…how…what can I say? Ambulance operation centre (position 5)

---------- Doctor - Go ahead. Ambulance operation centre (position 5)

25Case file exhibit nos. 62 – 63 / ambulance operation centre Minutes transcript p. 8 (Case file exhibit no. 62)

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- So you can try to stop the bleeding.

- Is he bleeding? DI.AS. Police Unit 410-01 (Deligiannis to DI.AS. headquarters) - Can we take instructions from the ambulance? DI.AS. Headquarters (DI.AS. headquarters to Deligiannis) - What instructions, isn’t it a bit late for the ambulance to be giving instructions? DI.AS. Police Unit 410-01 (Deligiannis) - I don’t know…. Ambulance operation centre (position 5) - Is the man breathing? DI.AS. Police Unit 410-01 (Deligiannis) - I don’t know, how do I check? - How do I check my friend? - Tell me, how do I check him? Ambulance operation centre (position 5) - Is there anyone else there who can help, so that we can help you? DI.AS. Police Unit 410-01 (Deligiannis) - I don’t know, I really don’t know… Ambulance operation centre (position 5) - Until the ambulance arrives? DI.AS. Police Unit 410-01 (Deligiannis) - I don’t know my friend…the boy has no

gaze…what can I do? Tell me… - Tell me please, he is covered in blood, tell me, pass me on to someone. Ambulance operation centre (position 5) - One minute, I’ll put the doctor on the phone [...] ---------- Doctor - Hello. Ambulance operation centre (position 5) - Hello doctor. There is stabbing in Keratsini, we are on our way… Doctor - Yes.

- Hello doctor. There is stabbing in

Keratsini, we are on our way. Doctor - Yes. Ambulance operation centre (position 5) - They say he is unconscious... Doctor - Yes. Ambulance operation centre (position 5) - If you can give first aid instructions to a police officer there, because he is desperate.. Doctor - Sure. Ambulance operation centre (position 5) - Ok? We are on our way. We are almost there... Doctor - Fine. Doctor - Yes, hello. DI.AS. Police Unit 410-01 (Deligiannis) - Good afternoon. Doctor - Good afternoon.

DI.AS. Police Unit 410-01 (Deligiannis) - I am calling from the police Doctor - Yes, yes. DI.AS. Police Unit 410-01 (Deligiannis) - I have a person here, he has been stabbed in the chest. Doctor - Yes. DI.AS. Police Unit 410-01 (Deligiannis) - We are waiting for an ambulance, God knows for how long. […]

29

Ambulance operation centre (position 5) - They say he is unconscious… Doctor - Yes. Ambulance operation centre (position 5) - Can you give first aid instructions to a policeman, because he is desperate. Doctor - Fine. Ambulance operation centre (position 5) - Ok? We are on our way. We are almost there. Doctor - Fine. Doctor - Yes, hello. ----------

Therefore, what remains is to connect file AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.24 file, whereby Deligiannis announced the arrival of the ambulance, with the previous files, which have been already connected with DI.AS. POLICE CHANNEL audio files and now have accurate metadata.

4.2.3 Synchronisation of audio files based on phonetic analysis

AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.24/00.2726 and AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.2527 The phone call made by Christos Deligiannis to the ambulance operation centre (AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.24/00.27), during which Deligiannis was informed of the arrival of the ambulance, is connected to the previous call, AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.25, as the same operator in position 3 can be heard in the distant background, informing another police officer about the arrival time of the ambulance. The caller’s voice can be detected faintly in the background of the second call. To this end, we have conducted phonetic analysis to identify the operator’s voice in the two different files.

26Case file exhibit nos. 62 – 63 / Ambulance operation centre minutes transcript p. 8 (Case file exhibit no. 62)27Case file exhibit nos. 62 – 63 / Ambulance operation centre minutes transcript p. 10 (Case file exhibit no. 62)

30

The operator’s voice was identified, as these two extracts below were heard in both audio files:

- TSALDA(RI) (Fig. 4)

- SE DYO LE(PTA) (Fig. 5) The spectrograms below indicate the acoustic areas where the words match.

Fig. 4 – Spectrograms of files AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.25 (.wav) and AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.24 (.wav), made using Praat software.

31

Fig. 5 – Spectrograms of files AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.25 (.wav) and AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.24 (.wav), made using Praat software.

The following diagrams (Figs. 6-9) compare the acoustic signature of the words spoken

in the two different audio files (AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.25 and

AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.24) in relation to the format frequency, the

pitch, and the intensity of the two phrases.

32

TSALDA(...):

Fig. 6 – Format frequency (Hz) comparison for ‘TSALDA’ in files AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.25 (.wav) and AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.24 (.wav).

Fig. 7 – Intensity (dB) comparison for ‘TSALDA’ in files AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.25 (.wav) and AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.24 (.wav).

33

SE DYO LE (...):

Fig. 8 – Format frequency (Hz) comparison for ‘SE DYO LE’ in files AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.25 (.wav) and AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.24 (.wav).

Fig. 9 – Intensity (dB) comparison for ‘SE DYO LE’ in files AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.25 (.wav) and AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.24 (.wav).

34

By matching the operator’s voice in the two different audio files, we connected not

only these two files, but the whole sequence of audio files. By connecting these audio files to those of the police channel, which contained accurate metadata, all the audio files now had an accurate timestamp.

4.2.4 Confirmation of synchronisation Ambulance B35 did not announce its arrival on the ambulance radio channel. However, its arrival time was confirmed by the files ANTI-TERRORIST POLICE CHANNEL 159 – 16128, which have accurate ‘timestamps’, and in which three (3) seconds later, at 00:30:01, the police announced that “the ambulance just arrived”.

4.3 Correlation of video and audio files The arrival of Ambulance B35 was also captured by the CCTV cameras of the shops on P. Tsaldari street (Eurobank, Tsaldari 28; Clothing store, Tsaldari 40; Pharmacy, Tsaldari 42; Giorgini [clothing store], Tsaldari 46)29. The time required for the ambulance to reach the scene from Salaminos Avenue (as is mentioned in the audio files) was calculated based on the average speed of the ambulance, as it was observed when passing through the successive CCTV cameras’ visual frames.

Ambulance synchronisation

Speed calculation of the ambulance from 28 P. Tsaldari street to 46B P. Tsaldari street, as observed on the video

Distance: 140m

Time: 10s

Speed from 28 P. Tsaldari street to 46B P. Tsaldari street: 14 m/s

Required time from 28 P. Tsaldari street to 60 P. Tsaldari street

Distance from 28 P. Tsaldari street to 60 P. Tsaldari street: 210m

Speed: 14 m/s

Required time: 15s

Table 3 – Calculation of the required time for the arrival of Ambulance B35 to arrive at the crime scene from Salaminos avenue.

4.4 Margin of error

The margin of error of the audio synchronisation was calculated in Section 4.2.2 and was based on the synchronisation of the audio files DI.AS. POLICE CHANNEL 520, 524 – 52630 and AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.25B. Other synchronisation calculations had no margin of error, as the audio files matched perfectly.

28Case file exhibit no. 6729 Case file exhibit nos. 90, 103, 98, 101 respectively. 30Case file exhibit no. 70

35

In order to verify the maximum possible margin of error, this analysis examined the time difference from the time that Christos Deligiannis announces that the ambulance

was on route on Salaminos Avenue (AMBULANCE OPERATION CENTRE 00.2731) to the time that the Anti-Terrorism Police Unit states through its channel at 00:30:01, that “the ambulance just arrived” (ANTI-TERRORIST POLICE CHANNEL 159 – 16132). The maximum margin of error for these two announcements (taking into account the time deviation of the files referred in Section 4.2.2) is 38 seconds. Within such time, we need to account for the ambulance to drive from Salaminos Avenue to the crime scene. The ambulance would need at least 24 seconds to reach the scene, since the shortest possible distance that it had to cover was 340 metres, from the intersection of Salaminos Avenue and P. Tsaldari Street to the crime scene33. Thus, the maximum margin of error of the synchronisation is 38 seconds minus 24 seconds (the minimum time necessary to cover such distance at the observed speed), thus 14 seconds.

4.5 Calculating the route of G. Roupakias’ car

In order to calculate the time frame of the murder, it was also necessary to calculate the time that G. Roupakias needed to reach the crime scene. His driving route was calculated by observing the speed and acceleration of the car, from point A to point B (Fig. 10), which is visible from the camera installed at 68 P. Tsaldari Street. Moreover, the route of the car from point B to point C (where the car parked), was calculated according to two hypothetical scenarios (Fig. 11): (a) that the car moved at a constant speed from point B to C, and (b) that the car kept accelerating at a constant rate until the point at which it was parked.

Fig. 10 – Points along the route of G. Roupakias’ car. Point A is the starting point on the route, Point B indicates the last point at which the car is visible from the camera at 68 P. Tsaldari Street, and Point C is where the car was parked.

31Case file exhibit nos. 62 – 63 / Ambulance operation centre transcript minutes p.9 (Case file exhibit no. 62)32Case file exhibit no. 6733The average speed of the ambulance has been already observed through the CCTV cameras and it is 14m/s.

36

Fig. 11 – Comparison of two hypothetical scenarios estimating the time needed for G. Roupakias’ car to reach the crime scene.

Point Time Distance Speed Acceleration Remarks s m m/s m/s2

A (12:03:03:14) 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.000

B (12:03:33:19) 10.80 24.8 4.59 0.425 Constant

acceleration from Α to Β

C1 16.51 51.0 4.59 0.000 Constant speed from Β to C, then immediate stop.

Arrival time in

scenario (a)

00:03:20

A (12:03:03:14) 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.000

B (12:03:33:19) 10.80 24.8 4.59 0.425 Constant acceleration from A to B

C2 15.49 51.0 6.59 0.425 Constant acceleration from B to C, then immediate stop.

Arrival time in

scenario (b)

00:03:19

Table 4 – Calculations of arrival time for the two hypothetical scenarios of G. Roupakias’ car speed.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0 5 10 15 20

Dis

tance

(m)

Time (s)

Speed of the car

ConstantSpeedB->C

ConstantAccelB->C

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4.6 Calculation of the absolute timeframe of the murder

In order to define the absolute timeframe of the murder, this study took into account the fastest possible course of the car and the shortest arrival time thereafter (scenario b). The shortest possible time for the car to be parked is 00:03:19, as calculated in Section 4.5. From that moment on, G. Roupakias would need at least four (4) seconds to get out of his car and approach Pavlos Fyssas. Under these circumstances, the timeframe of the murder begins at 00:03:23. The timeframe of the murder ends when the video footage from the camera on 68 P. Tsaldari street, shows figures running away from the crime scene at 00:04:06.

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5. Conclusions

The synchronisation of the audiovisual material set forth in the previous sections allowed us to examine the evidence contained in the case files with spatial and temporal accuracy. Following a thorough multimedia analysis, the synchronised videos that were derived from the CCTV cameras were combined and examined in correlation with the communications of the Police and the ambulance operation centre, as well as

with witness testimonies, enabling this study to draw the following conclusions:

- At 23:58:11 (17 September 2013), the video footage of the camera installed on 68 P. Tsaldari Street, shows four (4) DI.AS. motorcycles arriving at the area. The police officers later testified that they did not receive the call to intervene from Police Headquarters until 23:5934.

- The video clearly shows that four (4) motorcycles, i.e. two units with two motorcyclists each, arrived at the scene. However, the head of DI.AS. Police Unit 408-01 Keratsini, Anastasios Tsolakidis, approximately 3 minutes later, at 00:01:26, announced on the radio that only one (1) unit was at the location35.

- At 23:59:08, the video footage of the cameras installed on numbers 28, 40, 42, 46 of P. Tsaldari Street36 showed a convoy of eight (8) motorcycles, followed by two (2) cars. The first car matched the description of Georgios Roupakias’ car (a silver-coloured Nissan Almera). The vehicles seemed to be coming from Salaminos Avenue, which leads to Golden Dawn’s headquarters in Nikaia. The convoy seemed to have turned onto Kefallinias Street, as it was no longer visible on the camera at 68 P. Tsaldari Street, from which Xanthou Street is visible.

- A few seconds later, at 23:59:40, according to the footage from the camera on 68 P. Tsaldari Street, the motorcycles of the DI.AS. Police Units reappeared on P. Tsaldari Street, coming from Xanthou Street and heading towards Kefallinias Steet. Therefore, the motorcycles must have driven around the block. This turn is not included in any of the police officers’ statements.

- At 00:01:49 (18 September 2013), the same footage showed people running along P. Tsaldari Street and turning eastwards to Xanthou Steet. In conjunction with witness testimonies, it is estimated that these people were Pavlos Fyssas’ friends.

- At 00:02:10, the camera on 68 P. Tsaldari Street showed a car matching the description of Georgios Roupakias’ car (a silver-coloured Nissan Almera) arriving from Xanthou Street. At 00:02:17, the driver of this car, assumed to be Georgios Roupakias, was seen coming out of his car, which he temporarily parked at Xanthou Street, and scouting the crime scene. The driver then entered his car again and at about 00:03:00 he reversed around the corner and entered P. Tsaldari Street contrary to the direction of oncoming traffic.

34 See: Angeliki Legatou’s sworn statement, 18 September 2013, Anastasios Tsolakidis’ sworn statement, 18 September 2013, Andreas Biagkis’ sworn statement, 8 October 2013, Anastasios Tsolakidis’ sworn statement, 18 September 2013. 35 Case file exhibit no. 7036 Case file exhibit nos. 90, 103, 98, 101

39

- According to the analysis of the movement of the aforementioned car, as well as the movement of people who are present at the crime scene (as they could be vaguely detected as figures in the distant background of the video from 68 P. Tsaldari street), we estimate the murder to have taken place between 00:03:23 and 00:04:06.

- Within the timeframe of the murder, at 00:03:35, according to audio file of DI.AS. POLICE CHANNEL 46037, the head of DI.AS unit 408-01 ‘Keratsini’, informed the DI.AS. headquarters that “they are trying to separate the people”.

- At 00:04:06, four (4) figures are seen to be running away from the crime scene.

- According to the audio file of DI.AS. POLICE CHANNEL 466 38, at 00:05:20, the head of DI.AS. police unit 408-01 ‘Keratsini’, Anastasios Tsolakidis, informed DI.AS. headquarters that Pavlos Fyssas had been injured. This call followed another call to the ambulance operation centre, at about 00:04, (with no metadata) from the personal cell phone of Christos Deligiannis39.

37Case file exhibit no. 7038Case file exhibit no. 7039Case file exhibit nos. 62- 63 / Ambulance operation centre minutes transcript p.1 (Case file exhibit no. 62)

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6. Credits

Project lead: Christina Varvia

Research: Christian Varvia Stefanos Levidis Simone Rowat Extended working group: Prof. Eyal Weizman, Sarah Nankivell, Nicholas Masterton, Stefan Laxness, Sophia Georgovasili, Robert Trafford Audio analysis was conducted in collaboration with: Dr. Lawrence Abu Hamdan, Shakeeb Abu Hamdan.

For further information, please contact:

Christina Varvia - [email protected] Stefanos Levidis – [email protected]

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In witness thereof, this study was drafted and upon being read and confirmed, it was signed on 10 July 2018, on behalf of Forensic Architecture as follows:

Christina Varvia, Deputy Director Stefanos Levidis, Researcher

Simone Rowat, Researcher Prof. Eyal Weizman, Director

Forensic Architecture

Centre for Research Architecture

Department of Visual Cultures

Goldsmiths, University of London

8 Lewisham Way

London SE14 6NW

United Kingdom

T+44 (0) 20 7078 5387

www.forensic-architecture.org

REPORT Investigation of the audiovisual material included ......REPORT Investigation of the audiovisual material included in the case file of the murder of Pavlos Fyssas on the 18th

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