Report from the Expert Group on laboratory alignment for ... · Report from the Expert Group on laboratory alignment for the measurement of tyre rolling resistance installed under

Report from the Expert Group on laboratory alignment for the measurement of tyre rolling resistance installed under Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 and listed on the Commission registry of Expert Groups to the European Commission - 2017

Inter-laboratory Alignment Procedure for Rolling Resistance Measurement for Implementation of the tyre labelling scheme according to Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009

Report 2017_finalfinal

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Content 1. Executive Summary .............................................................................................................................................. 4

2. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................... 5

2.1. Members of the Expert Group ..................................................................................................................... 5

2.2. Approach for laboratory alignment ............................................................................................................. 5

2.3. Procedure for Inter-laboratory alignment .................................................................................................... 6

2.3.1. Choice of laboratories ............................................................................................................................. 6

2.3.2. Choice of alignment tyres ....................................................................................................................... 7

2.3.3. Pre-tests on each batch of tyres ............................................................................................................... 9

2.3.4. Alignment tests for C1-C2 tyres .............................................................................................................. 9

2.3.5. Alignment tests for C3 tyres .................................................................................................................... 9

3. Results ................................................................................................................................................................... 9

3.1. Pre-tests results .......................................................................................................................................... 10

3.2. Alignment tests results............................................................................................................................... 11

4. Conclusion .......................................................................................................................................................... 11

Annex A – Equipment information ............................................................................................................................. 13

Annex B – Data report template .................................................................................................................................. 14

Annex C - Pre-tests results .......................................................................................................................................... 15

1. Pre-tests results for C1-C2 tyres .................................................................................................................... 15

2. Correction Factors for C1-C2 tyres ................................................................................................................ 33

3. Pre-tests results for C3 tyres .......................................................................................................................... 35

4. Correction Factors for C3 tyres ...................................................................................................................... 53

Annex D - Alignment tests results - Cr (N/kN)........................................................................................................... 55

1. Raw data ........................................................................................................................................................ 55

2. Qualification of reference machines .............................................................................................................. 58

3. Statistical analysis of the Interlaboratories results – Cr (N/kN) ..................................................................... 59

3.1. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre A ................................... 59

3.2. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre B ................................... 63

3.3. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre C ................................... 67

3.4. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre D ................................... 71

3.5. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre E .................................... 75

3.6. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre X ................................... 79

3.7. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre F .................................... 83

3.8. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre G ................................... 87

3.9. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre H ................................... 91

3.10. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre J ................................... 95

3.11. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre K ................................. 99

3.12. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre Y ............................... 103

4. Calculation of assigned values ..................................................................................................................... 107

5. Regression functions .................................................................................................................................... 108

Annex E - Template for candidate / reference laboratory alignment ........................................................................ 109

Annex F - Proposal of guidance on how to handle the process of changing alignment equations, both for Reference

and Candidate Laboratories....................................................................................................................................... 111

Annex G – Draft of annex IVa and justification ....................................................................................................... 112


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Annex H: Draft Guideline for clarification of rules regarding the Candidate Laboratory alignment procedure

applying for ANNEX IVa of Regulation 661/2009 - Laboratory alignment procedure for the measurement of rolling

resistance. .................................................................................................................................................................. 125


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1. Executive Summary

Tyres, mainly because of their rolling resistance, account for 20 % to 30 % of the fuel consumption of vehicles. A

reduction of the rolling resistance of tyres may therefore contribute significantly to the energy efficiency of road

transport and thus to the reduction of emissions. Fuel-efficient tyres are cost-effective since fuel savings more than

compensate for the increased purchase price of tyres stemming from higher production costs.

The Regulation (EC) No 661/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning type-

approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, their trailers and systems, components and separate

technical units intended therefor sets out minimum requirements for the rolling resistance of tyres.

Technological developments make it possible to significantly decrease energy losses due to tyre rolling resistance

beyond those minimum requirements. To reduce the environmental impact of road transport, it is therefore

appropriate to lay down provisions to encourage end-users to purchase more fuel-efficient tyres by providing

harmonised information on that parameter.

The Regulation1 (EC) No 1222/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as amended by Commission

Regulation2 (EU) No 228/2011 and by Commission Regulation

3 (EU) No 1235/2011 establishes a framework for the

provision of harmonised information on tyre parameters through labelling, allowing end-users to make an informed

choice when purchasing tyres. The information to be provided under Articles 4, 5 and 6 of the Regulation (EC) No

1222/2009 on the fuel efficiency class, the external rolling noise class, and the wet grip class of tyres shall be

obtained by applying the harmonised testing methods referred to in Annex I of the Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009.

The fuel efficiency class must be determined on the basis of the rolling resistance coefficient (RRC) according to the

specified ‘A’ to ‘G’ scale and measured in accordance with UNECE Regulation No 117 and its subsequent

amendments.

As described in the Annex IVa to the Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 the procedure for inter-laboratory comparison

for rolling resistance (RR) should be based upon the generation of assigned RRC values. For the definition of these

“assigned values”, the establishment of reference laboratories is essential.

A Network of Laboratories (including an Expert Group) was created under Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009,

composed of volunteer test laboratories (Technical Services, Tyre Manufacturers) to perform inter-laboratory

comparison tests on different samples of tyres, in order to establish reference data for rolling resistance

measurements. The alignment method for laboratories has to measure tyre rolling resistance at the worldwide level.

The 'Expert Group on laboratory alignment for the measurement of tyre rolling resistance' has been set up on

3/9/2010. Main activities of the group are dedicated to the creation of an alignment method for laboratories having

to measure tyre rolling resistance in accordance with the Regulation (EC) 1222/2009. The group met several times

in 2010/2011 for the alignment of reference laboratories for the measurement of tyre rolling resistance under the

Regulation, and in 2013/2014 for the first assessment of the stability and validity of the assigned values of the initial

alignment according to Annex IVa, point 3 of the Regulation. An Intermediate check was initiated by the expert

group and performed in 2015 to further improve the alignment process. This check shown that the system of

Reference Laboratories is stable with the 10 participating Labs, illustrating that the evolution of some machines can

be compensated (or eliminated) by the other Labs. The main difference for the assigned values is due to the tyre

evolution, not the Labs evolutions. The new re-assessment of the assigned values of the reference laboratories

alignment was performed in 2016/2017.

Due to the periodic review of the stability of the Network of Reference Laboratories according to the Regulation, a

new round of alignment among the Reference Laboratories was done. This final report includes the new alignment

equations that will be applicable as of September 1st, 2017.

A document giving a proposal of guidance on how to handle the process of changing alignment equations, both for

Reference and Candidate Laboratories is included in Annex F.

1 Official Journal of the European Union, L342/46-58, 22.12.2009: REGULATION (EC) No 1222/2009 OF THE

EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 November 2009 on the labelling of tyres with respect

to fuel efficiency and other essential parameters 2 Official Journal of the European Union L 62/1-16, 9.3.2011: COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 228/2011

of 7 March 2011 amending Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council with

regard to the wet grip testing method for C1 tyres 3 Official Journal of the European Union L 317/17-23, 30.11.2011: COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No

1235/2011 of 29 November 2011 amending Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 of the European Parliament and of the

Council with regard to the wet grip grading of tyres, the measurement of rolling resistance and the verification

procedure


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The experience gained during the past years and the three inter-laboratory comparison tests led the group to suggest

some amendments to Annex IVa of Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009. (See Annex G)

2. Introduction

The Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 is setting a labelling classification based upon absolute rolling resistance

coefficient (RRC) values. Under Annex I to the Regulation, the rolling resistance (RR) shall be measured according

to the UN-ECE Regulation R117 and its subsequent amendments.

According to the experience gained by the European tyre industry from previous Round-Robin tests for tyre rolling

resistance, and to the previous rounds of the inter-laboratory alignment procedure for tyre rolling resistance

measurement under Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 performed in 2011 and 2014, the deviations in test results

observed could reach up to more than 1 N/kN between laboratories.

Due to this observed dispersion between measurement machines, a machine alignment procedure is necessary to get

comparative Rolling Resistance Coefficient (RRC) values and give an appropriate competitive playground for the

declaration of RRC labelling values according to the Regulation (EC) 1222/2009.

2.1. Members of the Expert Group Conveners (revolving):

IDIADA (Spain),

TÜV SÜD (Germany),

UTAC CERAM (France).

Tyre manufacturers:

Apollo Vredestein,

Bridgestone,

Continental,

Goodyear,

Michelin,

Pirelli,

ETRTO (European Association)

Independent Test Laboratories:

IDIADA (Spain),

RDW (Netherlands),

TÜV SÜD Product Service (Germany),

UTAC CERAM (France)

Observers:

NOKIAN (Tyre manufacturer),

ETRMA (European Association),

JASIC (Japan),

VCA (United Kingdom),

Swedish Energy Agency (Sweden)

2.2. Approach for laboratory alignment

The procedure is based upon the generation of assigned RRC values as described in Annex IVa to Regulation (EC)

1222/2009.

The Expert Group proposed a two-steps process for laboratory alignment:

In the first step, a Network of Laboratories for the definition of assigned values was created. According to Annex

IVa of Regulation 1222/2009, the last assigned values of each alignment tyre were determined by the Network of


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Reference Laboratories in 2015. After two years the network has to assess the stability and validity of the assigned

values.

One new member (RDW) has been added to the 2015 group of participants, for C1-C2 (OPS 26 P1) and C3 (OPS 26

P2), to the Network of Laboratories in accordance with the rules described in the “Guideline working document on

Reference Laboratories as defined in Commission Regulation (EU) No 1235/2011 of 29 November 2011 amending

Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the wet grip grading of

tyres, the measurement of rolling resistance and the verification procedure”. Two other members have changed their

C1-C2 machines (i.e. Continental from M 1300 to M 1320, and Apollo Vredestein from Test Machine 12 to 15).

Despite these changes representing more than 20% of periodic turnover for C1-C2 participant machines; it was

statistically proven that these modifications do not lead to a significant change in the assigned values.

This Network of Reference Laboratories is operating the RR test machines and equipment as listed in Annex A.

The preparation of the laboratory alignment procedure consisted in the following actions:

Assess number of alignment tyres for each category C1/C2 and C3,

Fix details of alignment tyres (class, dimension, load index, standard or reinforced),

Set up logistics, shipment between laboratories,

Recommend tyre storage conditions,

Establish the test procedure and test conditions for inter-laboratory comparison.

Based on the assigned values the Laboratories in the Network are correlated and aligned versus this “virtual

reference laboratory”.

In the second step, once the Laboratories Network has been established and the alignment vs. the assigned values

has been completed, any Candidate Laboratory can be aligned with any of the Network Laboratories.

2.3. Procedure for Inter-laboratory alignment The Network of Laboratories was created Sept 3, 2010 by the Committee on the Labelling of Tyres under

Regulation (EC) 1222/2009 and has been reactivated in 2013 and 2016 in order to assess the stability and validity of

the assigned values.

2.3.1. Choice of laboratories

According to the rules described in the “Guideline working document on reference laboratories as defined in

Commission Regulation (EU) No 1235/2011 of 29 November 2011 amending Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 of the

European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the wet grip grading of tyres, the measurement of rolling

resistance and the verification procedure”, one new member fulfil the conditions to be added to the previous group

of participants in 2015 to the Network of Laboratories.

The 11 Laboratories participating to the Inter laboratory alignment process are identified as follow:

Laboratory Name

Laboratory ID

TÜV SÜD Lab0

UTAC LAB1

IDIADA LAB2

Michelin LAB3

JASIC LAB4

Goodyear LAB5

Continental LAB6

Bridgestone LAB7

Pirelli LAB8

RDW LAB9

Vredestein LAB10

Description and information of the machines to be used for the inter-laboratory alignment are given in Annex A.


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2.3.2. Choice of alignment tyres

Five sets of alignment tyres for C1/C2 category (A to E) and five sets of alignment tyres for C3 category (F to K)

were selected by the Expert Group; selection of tyres was accomplished in such way to cover the Load Index and

Rolling Resistance, coefficient and force, ranges in conformity with the requirements of Regulation ECE R117.

The pre-tests results shown that the measured Cr values of the C3 tyre set during the pre-tests do not comply with

the requirement set out in Annex IVa paragraph 2.2. (a). (i) of the Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009. This non-

compliance was confirmed even with the use of aligned data.

The alignment tests shown that the assigned value for Cr of tyre E in the C1-C2 category was not in line with the

targeted one and do not comply with the requirement set out in Annex IVa paragraph 2.2. (a). (i) of the Regulation

(EC) No 1222/2009. This non-compliance was confirmed even with the use of aligned data.

The group decided to add two extra batches of tyres with a higher coefficient of rolling resistance centred on 11.40

N/kN for C1-C2 and on 7.75 N/kN for C3. The justification to add a 6th tyre is to improve the RRC range in order

to:

Comply with the requirement set out in Annex IVa paragraph 2.2. (a). (i) of the Regulation (EC) No

1222/2009

Better represent the operating range of the reference machines regarding the distribution of measuring

values

These new batches of 11 tyres X and 10 tyres Y were selected by Continental and pre-tested, respectively by RDW

and Continental, according to the rules described in this chapter.

Final selection of alignment tyres, aligned RRC and RR force:

C1 / C2 Targeted

RRC

Targeted

RR [N]

Size Provided

by

Pretest

by

Targeted

Tyre Gap

Targeted

RRC range

Targeted

RRf range

A 6,30 31 205/55R16 CON MIC 5,10 4,13

B 7,40 40 195/65R15 95T BSEU PIR 1,10

C 8,50 50 225/50R17 98Y BSEU JASIC 1,10

D 9,50 58 245/40ZR20 99Y XL Ultrac Vorti VRE VRE 1,00

E 10,70 78 P235/75R15 105T PIR PIR 1,20

X 11,40 128 LT245/75R16 LI 120 CON RDW 0,7

C3 Targeted

RRC

Targeted

RR [N]

Size Provided

by

Pretest

by

Targeted

Tyre Gap

Targeted

RRC range

Targeted

RRf range

F 3,90 146 385/65R22.5 CON TUEV 3,85 2,67

G 4,60 105 245/70R17.5 MIC BSEU 0,70

H 5,40 76 215/75R17.5 LI 126 CON IDIADA 0,80

J 6,00 178 295/80R22.5 MIC UTAC 0,60

K 6,80 203 295/80R22.5 GYR GYR 0,80

Y 7,75 114 225/70 R 19.5 CON CON 0,95


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The alignment tyres were provided by industry

Test conditions:

Size LI SS Brand Speed

[km/h]

Test Load

[N]

Infl. press.

[kPa]

Rim

["]

Warm-up

[min]

A 205/55R16 Econtact 91 Q CON 80 4 827 210 6,50 30

B 195/65R15 95T Turanza T001 95 T BS " 5 415 250 6,00 "

C 225/50R17 98Y Turanza T001 98 Y BS " 5 886 250 7,00 "

D 245/40ZR20 99Y XL Ultrac Vorti 99 Y VRE " 6 082 250 8,50 "

E P235/75R15 105T Scorpion ATR 105 T PIR " 7 259 210 6,50 "

X LT 245/75R16 CrossContact 120 S CON " 11 507 550 7,00 50

F 385/65R22.5 Eco Plus HT3 160 K CON 80 37 523 900 11,75 180

G 245/70R17.5 X LINE ENERGY T TL 143/141J 143 J MIC 60 22 722 875 7,50 150

H 215/75R17.5 Hybrid LS3 126 M CON 80 14 175 700 6,00 150

J 295/80R22.5 X MULTIWAY 3D XZE TL 152/148M 152 M MIC " 29 602 850 9,00 180

K 295/80R22.5 KMAX D 152 M GYR " 29 602 850 9,00 180

Y 225/70R19.5 HDR 128 N CON " 15 000 760 6,75 150


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2.3.3. Pre-tests on each batch of tyres

As stipulated by the Expert Group, the industry provided the alignment tyres with minimum production variation.

But as tyres are never strictly identical, a process of initial measurement of each tyre (4 times) was established in

order to assess the tyre category set´s individual variance; each of the laboratories providing initial measurements

did tests with one whole batch of alignment tyres (same category, brand and design).

C1 / C2 Tyre ID Supplier Pre-tests at Size Design

A Continental Michelin 205/55R16 Econtact

B Bridgestone Pirelli 195/65R15 95T Turanza T001

C Bridgestone JASIC 225/50R17 98Y Turanza T001

D Vredestein Vredestein 245/40ZR20 99Y XL Ultrac Vorti

E Pirelli Pirelli P235/75R15 105T Scorpion ATR

X Continental RDW LT245/75R16 LI 120 CrossContact

C3 Tyre ID Supplier Pre-test at Size Design

F Continental TÜV SÜD 385/65R22.5 Eco Plus HT3

G Michelin Bridgestone 245/70R17.5 X LINE ENERGY T

H Continental IDIADA 215/75R17.5 LI 126 Hybrid LS3

J Michelin UTAC 295/80R22.5 X Multiway 3D XZE

K Goodyear Goodyear 295/80R22.5 KMAX D

Y Continental Continental 225/70 R 19.5 HDR

2.3.4. Alignment tests for C1-C2 tyres

Each sample of each set of 11 C1-C2 tyres has been tested 4 times on one of the 11 machines dedicated to this class

of tyres

2.3.5. Alignment tests for C3 tyres

Each sample of each set of 10 C3 tyres has been tested 4 times on one of the 10 machines dedicated to this class of

tyres

3. Results

The analysis of the results of the pre-tests shows that all the Rolling Resistance Machines used comply with the

requirement on Sigma m of Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009.

All the results have been collected and recorded on the template report shown in Annex B.

The data formats to be used for the computations and results are included in Annex IVa of Regulation (EC) No

1222/2009:

The measured RRC values corrected from drum diameter and temperature shall be rounded to 2 digits after

the comma.

Then the computations will be made with all digits: There will be no further rounding except on the final

alignment equations.

All standard deviation values will be displayed with 3 digits after comma.

All RRC values will be displayed with 2 digits after comma.

All alignment coefficients (A1l, B1l, A2c and B2c) will be rounded and displayed with 4 digits after

comma.


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Deliverables of the Network of Reference Laboratories Expert Group:

For pre-tests:

Raw data and aligned data

Qualification of the data

Precision and uncertainty values

Correction factor for each batch

Conclusions

For alignment tests:

Raw data and aligned data

Qualification of the data

Precision and uncertainty values

Assigned values

Qualification of the assigned value

Alignment equations for reference laboratories

Precision and uncertainty of predicted values

3.1. Pre-tests results

Each tyre of one batch has been tested on one machine four times and the average and the standard deviation of the

three last measurements has been calculated.

The pre-tests batches include at least one additional tyre for each batch and the group decide to choose the alignment

tyres to be use in each batch by considering the following criteria appropriate and effective:

Excludes any tyre that has got a standard deviation above the limit (5.0 %) for the three last measurements (Raw

values), then in case all the tyres respect the standard deviation condition (Raw values), removes the tyres that do

not allow to respect the gap range (0.5 N/kN < gap < 1.5 N/kN) between two consecutive RRC mean values (Raw

values) for each batch. In other words removes the higher and/or lower values.

The analysis, based on the three last measurements (out of four) for each tyre, results in exclusion of the following

samples from the batches:

Batch A Tyre N°4

Batch B Tyre N°1

Batch C Tyre N°5

Batch D Tyres N°2, N°4 & N°9

Batch E No additional Tyre

Batch X Tyres N°2, N°3, N°5 & N°8

Each remaining tyre from the batch has been re-identified as A0, A1… A10 till X0…, X9, X10.

Batch F Tyre N°10

Batch G Tyre N°1

Batch H Tyre N°10

Batch J Tyres N°8, N°9 & N°10

Batch K Tyres N°7 & N°8

Batch Y Tyres N°6, N°7 & N°11

Each remaining tyre from the batch has been re-identified as F0, F1… F9 till Y0…, Y8, Y9.

Then, the repeatability of the pre-tests data was analysed, these data include the variation of the RR measurement

process as well as the evolution of the tyres during the pre-tests. The goal of the pre-tests was to analyse the

variation within a batch of tyres and to use the results to apply a correction factor. The data and the analysis of these

data are given in Annex C to this report.

Another outcome from these pre-tests was the maximum variation of the measured RR coefficient for a set of 11 or

10 carefully selected tyres:

For C1-C2 = -1.84%, +1.84%


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For C3 = -3.56%, +2.33%

Even if we could consider that these results are not bad for manufactured products, a correction factor will be used

to normalize the values for future computerization of regression function for each machine.

3.2. Alignment tests results

Each tyre has been tested on one machine four times and the correction factor of the tested tyre was applied to each

measurement then the average of three corrected last measurements has been calculated. The data and the analysis of

these data are given in Annex D to this report.

Based on the experience gained during the two previous inter-laboratory rounds in 2011 and in 2015, all individual

data have been used for the calculation of the linear regression function for each laboratory.

4. Conclusion

Pre-tests are still needed to monitor the dispersion of each batch of tyres and to improve the accuracy of alignment

equation for each machine. Independent from the variation from one laboratory to another (if they are compliant

with the requirement of Annex IVa of Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009) the system is robust.

The experience gained confirms that a first test in the same conditions is necessary before starting the series of

measurements.

The statistical analysis confirms that the correlation is very high.

The accuracy of measured values is improved by this alignment procedure:

Maximum deviation from assigned values before

alignment

For C1-C2 = -5.15% / +4.64%

Maximum deviation from assigned values after

alignment

For C1-C2 = -1.79% / +1.99%

Maximum deviation from assigned values before

alignment

For C3 = -5.29% / +5.87%

Maximum deviation from assigned values after

alignment

For C3 = -2.86% / +2.60%


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Other documents are annexed to this report:

Annex E: the template for candidate / reference laboratory alignment.

Annex F: Proposal of guidance on how to handle the process of changing alignment equations, both for

Reference and Candidate Laboratories

Annex H: Guideline for clarification of rules regarding the Candidate Laboratory alignment procedure

applying for ANNEX IVa of Regulation 661/2009 - Laboratory alignment procedure for the measurement

of rolling resistance


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Annex A – Equipment information

ADDRESS

Contact person

Tel +email

Tyre type C1 / C2 C3 C1 / C2 C3 C1 / C2 C3 C1 / C2 C3 C1 / C2 C3

Location

Machine Identification # H8 H4 BAN0226-VL BAN0226-PL 10223 10259 1P/V V2 RRPL A1 RD RE

Machine operational yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes

Machine complies to

performance criteria

Network Laboratories

yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes

Measurement method Power Power Torque Torque Torque Torque Deceleration Deceleration Force Force

Drum diameter [m] 2.0 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.7 1.7 2.706 2.706 2 3

Drum surface Smooth steel Smooth steel Smooth steel Smooth steel Smooth steel Smooth steel Smooth steel Smooth steel Smooth steel Smooth steel

Max. test load [kg] 1835 10194 2000 6000 1500 7000 2039 8155 1500 8000

Garching - Germany Linas-Montlhéry - France Santa-Oliva - Spain Ladoux - France Tokyo - Japan

+49 89 32950 -767 or -787

[email protected]

alexander.knoerzer@tuev-

sued.de

+33 169804085

marc-

antoine.scorianz@utaccer

am.com

jerome.paschal@utaccera

m.com

+34 977166016

[email protected]

[email protected]

+33 473321125

jeremy.herviou@michelin.

com

+81 423426331

[email protected]

m

kiyoshi.satou@gridgestone.

com

Lars NETSCH

Alexander KNOERZER

Marc-Antoine SCORIANZ

Jérôme PASCHAL

Ignacio LAFUENTE

Ricard ANADONJeremy HERVIOU

Jun MAKINO

Kiyoshi SATO

TÜV SÜD Product Service

GmbH

Daimlerstrasse 15

85748 Garching/Munich,

Germany

Groupe UTAC CERAM

Autodrome de Linas-

Montlhéry

91319 Montlhéry Cedex

France

IDIADA Automotive

Technology, S.A.

Workshop homologation

Division

Pol Ind L'Albornar, AP2 exit

12

E-43710 SANTA OLIVA

CERL Michelin - Magasin

F43

Compte J. HERVIOU

Zone Industrielle de

Ladoux

63118 Cébazat

France

Bridgestone Corporation

Technical centre

3-1-1, Ogawahigashi-cho,

Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-

8531

Japan

TUV SUD N°0 UTAC N°1 IDIADA N°2 Michelin N°3 JASIC N°4

ADDRESS

Contact person

Tel +email

Tyre type C1 / C2 C3 C1 / C2 C3 C1 / C2 C3 C1 / C2 C3 C1 / C2 C3 C1 / C2 C3

Location Milan - Italy Izmit - Turkey

Machine Identification # M/C # 4 M/C # 5 M1320 M1100 T34001 HU-2 MIQ 2075 US2-45127 OPS 26 - P1 OPS 26 - P2 Testmachine 15 -

Machine operational yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes -

Machine complies to

performance criteria

Network Laboratories

yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes yes -

Measurement method Torque Torque Torque Torque Torque Torque Torque Torque Torque Torque Torque -

Drum diameter [m] 2 1.7 2 2 2 1.7 2 2 2 2 2 -

Drum surface Smooth steel Smooth steel Smooth steel Smooth steel Smooth steel Smooth steel Smooth steel Smooth steel Smooth steel Smooth Steel Smooth steel -

Max. test load [kg] 1250 5000 1529 8155 1275 6120 2000 6000 2000 5000 1450 -

Hannover - Germany Rome - Italy Lelystad - The Netherlands Enschede - The NetherlandsColmar-Berg - Luxembourg

+352 81994733

florian_nicolas@goodyear.

com

+49 5119763232

hans-

[email protected]

+39 06 5056608

riccardo.giovannotti@bridg

estone.eu

+39 02 6442 9806

[email protected]

[email protected]

+31 6 319 709 15

[email protected]

+31 6 515 822 77

+31 643783269

[email protected]

Hans-Jôrg KÖSTER Riccardo GIOVANNOTTI Andrea VERGANI

Mark Stuivenvolt

Dirk Visser Jos de GIERFlorian NICOLAS

Goodyear Innovation

Center Luxembourg

Avenue Gordon Smith

L-7750 Colmar-Berg

Luxembourg

Continental Reifen

Deutschland GmbH

Jaedekamp 30

30419 Hannover

TEST SRL

VIA Padova, 6

00071 Pomezia

(Rome), Italy

Pirelli Tyre SpA

Sperimentazione Indoor

via Chiese; 51

20126 Milano ITALY

RDW Testcentrum

Talingweg 76

8218 NX Lelystad

The Netherlands

Apollo Vredestein B.V.

Testdepartment

F.a.o. Ralph Greve

Ir. E.L.C. Schiffstraat 370

7547 RD Enschede

The Netherlands

Continental N°6 Bridgestone N°7 Pirelli N°8 RDW N°9 Vredestein N°10Goodyear N°5


14

Annex B – Data report template

1

91

Automatic Calc. cr [N/kN]:

Automatic Calc. cr [N/kN]:

Comments:

If Fr (N) in fields H31 to H34 and RRC in fields T31 to T34 are already temperature corrected, enter Temp_corr = 1 (otherwise 0)

Temperature correction coefficient for C1 is 0.008, for C2 and C3 with LI<=121 it is 0.01 and for C3 with LI>121 it is 0.006.

Reference Lab Test Protocol Version 1.2, 20 October, 2014

3 6,63

4 6,60

1 Slope 0,9924 6,52

2 Intercept -0,2571 6,56

4 33,3 38,0 6,91

Aligned Results acc. EU 1235/2011 (Temperature 25°C, Drum diameter 2.0m)

2 33,1 38,2 6,87

3 33,5 38,4 6,94

Corrected Results (Temperature 25°C, Drum diameter 2.0m)

Rec. Correction Formula Automatic Calc. Fr [N]: FPL [N]:

1 0,008 33,0 38,1 6,83

4 98 33,3 1 38,0 6,91

3 98 33,5 1 38,4 6,94

2 98 33,1 1 38,2 6,87

1 98 33,0 1 38,1 6,83

4 80,1 482 24,9

Results (non corrected results)

Rec. Skim Test Load (N) Fr [N]: Temp_corr ? FPL [N]:

25,0

2 80,1 482 25,0

3 80,1 483 25,0

25

Measurements

Rec. Speed [km/h]: Load [daN]: Tamb [°C]:

Remark:

Average ambient temperature

during whole process

1 80,1 483

4 30 80 483 0 210

25

3 30 80 483 0 210 25

2 30 80 483 0 210

Tamb [°C]:

1 30 80 483 0 210 25

Nominal Diameter (m): 0,632 Load Index:

Set Test-Data

Setting Warm-up [min]: Speed [km/h]: Load [daN]: Camb. [°]: pcold [kPa]:

Tire Manufacturer: Reinforced yes/no: no

Size: 205/55 R16 Speed Index: Q

Tire

Tire-ID: Tire Class (C1, C2, C3):

DOT-Nr.: Brand-/Trade Name:

Test Conditions: ECE-R 117 Test Method:

Test-Rim

Diameter x Width[´´]: 6,5 x 16 Material: light alloy

Test-Rig: Test Date:

Drum Ø [m]: 2,0 Drum Surface: smooth steel

TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE TEST PROTOCOL

Test Lab

General Data

Test Lab/Location: Report No.


15

Annex C - Pre-tests results

1. Pre-tests results for C1-C2 tyres

1.1. Pre-tests results on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) - Tyre A

1.1.1. Average, standard deviation, coefficient of variation in percentage, expanded uncertainty in repeatability conditions

Tyre N Average Standard_deviation Coefficient_of_variation_perc Repeatability_exp_uncertainty

A00 3 6.45 0.01 0.23 0.03

A01 3 6.33 0.02 0.32 0.04

A02 3 6.44 0.02 0.31 0.04

A03 3 6.36 0.01 0.23 0.03

A04 3 6.32 0.01 0.09 0.01

A05 3 6.46 0.01 0.09 0.01

A06 3 6.38 0.03 0.40 0.05

A07 3 6.47 0.02 0.30 0.04

A08 3 6.45 0.01 0.15 0.02

A09 3 6.48 0.01 0.15 0.02

A10 3 6.41 0.01 0.15 0.02

1.1.2. Confidence interval of the average per laboratory at the level 95%

Confidence_interval_av_low Confidence_interval_av_up T Confidence_interval_T_low

6.44 6.47 4.303 6.42

6.30 6.35 4.303 6.28

6.41 6.46 4.303 6.39

6.34 6.37 4.303 6.32

6.31 6.33 4.303 6.31

6.45 6.46 4.303 6.44

6.35 6.41 4.303 6.32

6.45 6.49 4.303 6.42

6.44 6.46 4.303 6.43

6.47 6.49 4.303 6.45

6.40 6.42 4.303 6.39


16

Confidence_interval_T_up Half_amplitude_T

6.49 0.04

6.38 0.05

6.49 0.05

6.39 0.04

6.33 0.01

6.47 0.01

6.45 0.06

6.52 0.05

6.47 0.02

6.50 0.02

6.43 0.02

1.1.3. Between and within contribution for the factor tyre

Tyre CEi CDi

A00 4.90 8.33

A01 22.27 15.48

A02 1.76 15.48

A03 9.73 8.33

A04 25.75 1.19

A05 5.72 1.19

A06 2.88 25.00

A07 9.63 14.29

A08 4.15 3.57

A09 13.22 3.57

A10 0.01 3.57

1.1.4. Global average, results of precision values and measurement uncertainties

Variable Cr

Global_average 6.41

Repeatability_standard_deviat 0.02

Limit_of_repeatability 0.04

Repeatability_exp_uncertainty 0.03

Reproducibility_stand_deviat 0.06

Limit_of_reproducibility 0.16

Reproducibility_exp_uncertaint 0.12


17

1.1.5. Results of measurement uncertainties in percentage

Variable Cr

Repe_exp_uncert_percent 0.48

Repro_exp_uncert_percent 1.83

1.1.6. Part of variation in percent of the Tyre out of the trial total variation

Variable Cr

Variation_part_Tyre 93.09

1.1.7. Box-plot graphics


18

1.2. Pre-tests results on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) - Tyre B



B00 3 7.71 0.04 0.51 0.08

B01 3 7.73 0.04 0.46 0.07

B02 3 7.68 0.03 0.44 0.07

B03 3 7.65 0.01 0.20 0.03

B04 3 7.69 0.05 0.59 0.09

B05 3 7.63 0.05 0.63 0.10

B06 3 7.66 0.02 0.30 0.05

B07 3 7.59 0.05 0.65 0.10

B08 3 7.65 0.03 0.41 0.06

B09 3 7.66 0.02 0.32 0.05

B10 3 7.65 0.03 0.45 0.07



7.66 7.75 4.303 7.61

7.69 7.77 4.303 7.64

7.64 7.72 4.303 7.59

7.64 7.67 4.303 7.62

7.64 7.75 4.303 7.58

7.58 7.69 4.303 7.51

7.64 7.69 4.303 7.61

7.53 7.64 4.303 7.46

7.62 7.69 4.303 7.58

7.63 7.69 4.303 7.60

7.62 7.69 4.303 7.57


19


7.80 0.10

7.81 0.09

7.76 0.08

7.69 0.04

7.81 0.11

7.76 0.12

7.72 0.06

7.71 0.12

7.73 0.08

7.72 0.06

7.74 0.09


Tyre CEi CDi

B00 12.53 10.76

B01 27.00 8.74

B02 1.11 8.07

B03 0.77 1.57

B04 5.93 14.35

B05 6.43 16.37

B06 0.00 3.59

B07 44.58 17.04

B08 0.77 6.95

B09 0.11 4.26

B10 0.77 8.30


Variable Cr

Global_average 7.66








20


Variable Cr




Variable Cr




21

1.3. Pre-tests results on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) - Tyre C



C00 3 8.60 0.01 0.13 0.02

C01 3 8.70 0.03 0.39 0.07

C02 3 8.76 0.02 0.23 0.04

C03 3 8.65 0.01 0.11 0.02

C04 3 8.56 0.01 0.17 0.03

C05 3 8.75 0.02 0.23 0.04

C06 3 8.68 0.03 0.30 0.05

C07 3 8.71 0.01 0.17 0.03

C08 3 8.86 0.01 0.06 0.01

C09 3 8.76 0.00 0.00 0.00

C10 3 8.72 0.02 0.28 0.05



8.58 8.61 4.303 8.57

8.66 8.74 4.303 8.62

8.74 8.79 4.303 8.71

8.64 8.66 4.303 8.63

8.54 8.58 4.303 8.52

8.73 8.77 4.303 8.70

8.65 8.71 4.303 8.62

8.69 8.72 4.303 8.67

8.85 8.86 4.303 8.84

8.76 8.76 4.303 8.76

8.69 8.75 4.303 8.66


22


8.62 0.03

8.78 0.08

8.81 0.05

8.68 0.02

8.60 0.04

8.80 0.05

8.74 0.06

8.74 0.04

8.87 0.01

8.76 0.00

8.78 0.06


Tyre CEi CDi

C00 17.10 3.23

C01 0.03 29.03

C02 5.26 10.48

C03 4.14 2.42

C04 30.20 5.65

C05 3.23 10.48

C06 0.85 16.94

C07 0.00 5.65

C08 34.54 0.81

C09 4.18 0.00

C10 0.47 15.32


Variable Cr

Global_average 8.70








23


Variable Cr




Variable Cr




24

1.4. Pre-tests results on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) - Tyre D



D00 3 9.50 0.05 0.50 0.10

D01 3 9.54 0.03 0.32 0.06

D02 3 9.53 0.05 0.54 0.10

D03 3 9.54 0.03 0.27 0.05

D04 3 9.47 0.01 0.06 0.01

D05 3 9.50 0.02 0.21 0.04

D06 3 9.45 0.04 0.38 0.07

D07 3 9.48 0.02 0.16 0.03

D08 3 9.44 0.03 0.31 0.06

D09 3 9.50 0.03 0.33 0.06

D10 3 9.54 0.04 0.38 0.07



9.45 9.56 4.303 9.38

9.50 9.57 4.303 9.46

9.47 9.59 4.303 9.40

9.51 9.57 4.303 9.48

9.46 9.48 4.303 9.45

9.47 9.52 4.303 9.45

9.41 9.49 4.303 9.36

9.46 9.50 4.303 9.44

9.41 9.47 4.303 9.37

9.47 9.54 4.303 9.43

9.49 9.58 4.303 9.45


25


9.62 0.12

9.61 0.08

9.66 0.13

9.60 0.06

9.48 0.01

9.55 0.05

9.54 0.09

9.52 0.04

9.51 0.07

9.58 0.08

9.63 0.09


Tyre CEi CDi

D00 0.13 19.65

D01 11.67 7.92

D02 7.87 23.17

D03 13.85 5.57

D04 7.26 0.29

D05 0.06 3.52

D06 17.82 10.85

D07 3.16 2.05

D08 26.39 7.33

D09 0.13 8.21

D10 11.67 11.44


Variable Cr

Global_average 9.50








26


Variable Cr




Variable Cr




27

1.5. Pre-tests results on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) - Tyre E



E00 3 10.25 0.04 0.34 0.07

E01 3 10.15 0.04 0.44 0.09

E02 3 10.21 0.04 0.42 0.09

E03 3 10.19 0.04 0.35 0.07

E04 3 10.23 0.05 0.45 0.09

E05 3 10.16 0.04 0.35 0.07

E06 3 10.18 0.05 0.47 0.10

E07 3 10.18 0.03 0.29 0.06

E08 3 10.25 0.04 0.44 0.09

E09 3 10.24 0.05 0.48 0.10

E10 3 10.25 0.05 0.45 0.09



10.21 10.29 4.303 10.16

10.10 10.20 4.303 10.04

10.16 10.25 4.303 10.10

10.15 10.23 4.303 10.10

10.18 10.28 4.303 10.11

10.12 10.20 4.303 10.07

10.13 10.24 4.303 10.06

10.14 10.21 4.303 10.10

10.19 10.30 4.303 10.13

10.19 10.30 4.303 10.12

10.20 10.30 4.303 10.14


28


10.33 0.09

10.26 0.11

10.31 0.11

10.27 0.09

10.34 0.12

10.25 0.09

10.30 0.12

10.25 0.07

10.36 0.11

10.36 0.12

10.37 0.12


Tyre CEi CDi

E00 10.47 6.41

E01 22.14 10.03

E02 0.00 9.38

E03 2.87 6.41

E04 3.49 11.02

E05 17.28 6.41

E06 3.87 12.01

E07 6.32 4.44

E08 10.47 10.36

E09 8.78 12.50

E10 14.32 11.02


Variable Cr

Global_average 10.21








29


Variable Cr




Variable Cr




30

1.6. Pre-tests results on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) - Tyre X



X00 3 11.43 0.02 0.19 0.04

X01 3 11.47 0.04 0.34 0.08

X02 3 11.48 0.02 0.22 0.05

X03 3 11.38 0.01 0.13 0.03

X04 3 11.48 0.01 0.12 0.03

X05 3 11.37 0.05 0.41 0.09

X06 3 11.37 0.03 0.27 0.06

X07 3 11.40 0.01 0.06 0.01

X08 3 11.40 0.03 0.28 0.06

X09 3 11.41 0.01 0.09 0.02

X10 3 11.45 0.01 0.12 0.03



11.41 11.46 4.303 11.38

11.43 11.52 4.303 11.38

11.45 11.51 4.303 11.42

11.37 11.40 4.303 11.35

11.47 11.50 4.303 11.45

11.32 11.42 4.303 11.25

11.34 11.41 4.303 11.30

11.40 11.41 4.303 11.39

11.36 11.43 4.303 11.32

11.40 11.43 4.303 11.39

11.43 11.47 4.303 11.41


31


11.49 0.05

11.57 0.10

11.55 0.06

11.42 0.04

11.51 0.03

11.48 0.12

11.45 0.08

11.42 0.02

11.47 0.08

11.44 0.02

11.48 0.04


Tyre CEi CDi

X00 0.29 6.49

X01 14.12 19.90

X02 19.01 8.37

X03 8.22 2.81

X04 17.96 2.38

X05 16.51 28.99

X06 13.48 13.06

X07 1.94 0.62

X08 4.43 13.29

X09 0.47 1.35

X10 3.56 2.74


Variable Cr









32


Variable Cr




Variable Cr




33

2. Correction Factors for C1-C2 tyres

Tyre Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Avg. Correction Factor

A00 6,47 6,45 6,44 6,45 0,994 min 98,98%

A01 6,34 6,33 6,30 6,33 1,014 max 101,45%

A02 6,46 6,43 6,42 6,44 0,996 range 2,47%

A03 6,34 6,37 6,35 6,36 1,009

A04 6,32 6,32 6,31 6,32 1,015

A05 6,46 6,46 6,45 6,46 0,993

A06 6,41 6,37 6,36 6,38 1,005

A07 6,49 6,47 6,45 6,47 0,991

A08 6,46 6,45 6,44 6,45 0,994

A09 6,49 6,47 6,48 6,48 0,990

A10 6,42 6,41 6,40 6,41 1,000

Avg. total 6,412


B00 7,75 7,71 7,67 7,71 0,995 min 99,20%

B01 7,77 7,72 7,70 7,73 0,992 max 101,04%

B02 7,72 7,66 7,66 7,68 0,998 range 1,84%

B03 7,67 7,66 7,64 7,65 1,001

B04 7,75 7,67 7,67 7,69 0,996

B05 7,67 7,66 7,58 7,63 1,004

B06 7,68 7,68 7,64 7,66 1,000

B07 7,64 7,58 7,54 7,59 1,010

B08 7,67 7,68 7,62 7,65 1,001

B09 7,69 7,64 7,66 7,66 1,001

B10 7,69 7,66 7,62 7,65 1,001

Avg. total 7,665


C00 8,60 8,60 8,58 8,60 1,013 min 98,26%

C01 8,74 8,68 8,68 8,70 1,001 max 101,68%

C02 8,79 8,76 8,75 8,76 0,993 range 3,42%

C03 8,66 8,64 8,65 8,65 1,006

C04 8,57 8,56 8,54 8,56 1,017

C05 8,77 8,73 8,76 8,75 0,995

C06 8,71 8,67 8,66 8,68 1,003

C07 8,72 8,71 8,69 8,71 1,000

C08 8,87 8,86 8,86 8,86 0,983

C09 8,76 8,76 8,76 8,76 0,994

C10 8,75 8,72 8,70 8,72 0,998

Avg. total 8,705


34


D00 9,47 9,56 9,49 9,50 1,000 min 99,57%

D01 9,54 9,57 9,51 9,54 0,996 max 100,60%

D02 9,59 9,52 9,49 9,53 0,997 range 1,03%

D03 9,57 9,54 9,52 9,54 0,996

D04 9,48 9,47 9,47 9,47 1,003

D05 9,50 9,48 9,52 9,50 1,000

D06 9,49 9,41 9,46 9,45 1,005

D07 9,48 9,47 9,50 9,48 1,002

D08 9,48 9,42 9,42 9,44 1,006

D09 9,48 9,50 9,54 9,50 1,000

D10 9,51 9,53 9,58 9,54 0,996

Avg. total 9,498


E00 10,26 10,27 10,21 10,25 0,996 min 99,56%

E01 10,20 10,15 10,11 10,15 1,006 max 100,55%

E02 10,23 10,24 10,16 10,21 1,000 range 0,99%

E03 10,20 10,22 10,15 10,19 1,002

E04 10,27 10,25 10,18 10,23 0,998

E05 10,20 10,15 10,13 10,16 1,005

E06 10,21 10,13 10,22 10,18 1,002

E07 10,21 10,18 10,15 10,18 1,003

E08 10,29 10,24 10,21 10,25 0,996

E09 10,29 10,24 10,20 10,24 0,997

E10 10,30 10,24 10,22 10,25 0,996

Avg. total 10,207


X00 11,45 11,43 11,41 11,43 0,999 min 99,48%

X01 11,47 11,52 11,44 11,47 0,996 max 100,49%

X02 11,48 11,46 11,51 11,48 0,995 range 1,00%

X03 11,40 11,38 11,37 11,38 1,003

X04 11,49 11,49 11,47 11,48 0,995

X05 11,34 11,34 11,42 11,37 1,005

X06 11,41 11,35 11,37 11,37 1,004

X07 11,41 11,41 11,40 11,40 1,002

X08 11,40 11,36 11,42 11,40 1,003

X09 11,42 11,40 11,42 11,41 1,001

X10 11,47 11,44 11,45 11,45 0,998

Avg. total 11,424


35

3. Pre-tests results for C3 tyres

3.1. Pre-tests results on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) - Tyre F



F00 3 3.98 0.05 1.32 0.11

F01 3 3.94 0.01 0.30 0.02

F02 3 3.95 0.01 0.30 0.02

F03 3 3.94 0.02 0.54 0.04

F04 3 3.96 0.02 0.39 0.03

F05 3 3.95 0.03 0.64 0.05

F06 3 3.96 0.02 0.53 0.04

F07 3 3.98 0.04 1.06 0.08

F08 3 3.96 0.02 0.39 0.03

F09 3 3.95 0.03 0.64 0.05



3.93 4.04 4.303 3.85

3.92 3.95 4.303 3.91

3.94 3.96 4.303 3.92

3.91 3.96 4.303 3.89

3.94 3.98 4.303 3.92

3.92 3.98 4.303 3.89

3.93 3.98 4.303 3.91

3.93 4.03 4.303 3.87

3.94 3.98 4.303 3.92

3.92 3.98 4.303 3.89


36


4.12 0.13

3.97 0.03

3.98 0.03

3.99 0.05

4.00 0.04

4.01 0.06

4.01 0.05

4.08 0.10

4.00 0.04

4.01 0.06


Tyre CEi CDi

F00 36.23 36.99

F01 18.13 1.83

F02 1.75 1.83

F03 18.13 5.94

F04 0.78 3.20

F05 1.75 8.68

F06 0.02 5.94

F07 20.71 23.74

F08 0.78 3.20

F09 1.75 8.68


Variable Cr

Global_average 3.96








37


Variable Cr




Variable Cr




38

3.2. Pre-tests results on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) - Tyre G



G00 3 4.86 0.02 0.40 0.04

G01 3 4.79 0.01 0.31 0.03

G02 3 4.79 0.01 0.20 0.02

G03 3 4.83 0.03 0.62 0.06

G04 3 4.84 0.01 0.31 0.03

G05 3 4.75 0.05 1.06 0.10

G06 3 4.84 0.00 0.00 0.00

G07 3 4.74 0.01 0.24 0.02

G08 3 4.81 0.04 0.92 0.09

G09 3 4.79 0.01 0.24 0.02



4.84 4.89 4.303 4.82

4.78 4.81 4.303 4.76

4.77 4.80 4.303 4.76

4.80 4.87 4.303 4.76

4.82 4.86 4.303 4.80

4.70 4.81 4.303 4.63

4.84 4.84 4.303 4.84

4.73 4.75 4.303 4.71

4.76 4.86 4.303 4.70

4.78 4.80 4.303 4.76


39


4.91 0.05

4.83 0.04

4.81 0.02

4.91 0.07

4.88 0.04

4.88 0.12

4.84 0.00

4.77 0.03

4.92 0.11

4.82 0.03


Tyre CEi CDi

G00 23.20 5.85

G01 1.22 3.41

G02 2.69 1.46

G03 4.52 13.66

G04 8.60 3.41

G05 18.77 38.54

G06 10.25 0.00

G07 29.26 1.95

G08 0.26 29.76

G09 1.22 1.95


Variable Cr

Global_average 4.81








40


Variable Cr




Variable Cr




41

3.3. Pre-tests results on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) - Tyre H



H00 3 5.57 0.00 0.00 0.00

H01 3 5.54 0.01 0.10 0.01

H02 3 5.51 0.03 0.47 0.05

H03 3 5.51 0.01 0.18 0.02

H04 3 5.48 0.02 0.45 0.05

H05 3 5.46 0.04 0.65 0.07

H06 3 5.44 0.01 0.21 0.02

H07 3 5.42 0.02 0.28 0.03

H08 3 5.39 0.03 0.64 0.07

H09 3 5.49 0.02 0.27 0.03



5.57 5.57 4.303 5.57

5.54 5.55 4.303 5.53

5.48 5.54 4.303 5.45

5.50 5.52 4.303 5.49

5.45 5.51 4.303 5.42

5.42 5.50 4.303 5.37

5.43 5.45 4.303 5.41

5.40 5.43 4.303 5.38

5.35 5.43 4.303 5.30

5.48 5.51 4.303 5.46


42


5.57 0.00

5.56 0.01

5.57 0.06

5.53 0.02

5.54 0.06

5.55 0.09

5.47 0.03

5.45 0.04

5.47 0.09

5.53 0.04


Tyre CEi CDi

H00 27.43 0.00

H01 13.58 0.72

H02 3.05 15.22

H03 3.05 2.17

H04 0.04 13.77

H05 1.35 28.26

H06 6.36 2.90

H07 15.05 5.07

H08 29.50 26.81

H09 0.60 5.07


Variable Cr

Global_average 5.48








43


Variable Cr




Variable Cr




44

3.4. Pre-tests results on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) - Tyre Tyre J



J00 3 5.86 0.05 0.80 0.09

J01 3 6.06 0.03 0.55 0.07

J02 3 5.88 0.04 0.66 0.08

J03 3 5.85 0.03 0.49 0.06

J04 3 5.86 0.02 0.30 0.04

J05 3 5.85 0.04 0.65 0.08

J06 3 5.94 0.05 0.78 0.09

J07 3 5.85 0.04 0.62 0.07

J08 3 5.85 0.04 0.60 0.07

J09 3 5.88 0.04 0.65 0.08



5.81 5.92 4.303 5.74

6.02 6.10 4.303 5.98

5.84 5.93 4.303 5.79

5.82 5.88 4.303 5.78

5.84 5.88 4.303 5.81

5.81 5.90 4.303 5.76

5.89 5.99 4.303 5.83

5.81 5.89 4.303 5.76

5.81 5.88 4.303 5.76

5.84 5.93 4.303 5.79


45


5.98 0.12

6.14 0.08

5.98 0.10

5.92 0.07

5.90 0.04

5.95 0.10

6.06 0.12

5.94 0.09

5.93 0.09

5.98 0.09


Tyre CEi CDi

J00 1.73 16.34

J01 73.02 8.17

J02 0.04 11.02

J03 3.67 6.12

J04 2.61 2.30

J05 3.14 10.80

J06 6.95 15.86

J07 4.16 9.77

J08 4.64 9.01

J09 0.03 10.60


Variable Cr

Global_average 5.89








46


Variable Cr




Variable Cr




47

3.5. Pre-tests results on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) - Tyre K



K00 3 6.58 0.03 0.44 0.06

K01 3 6.61 0.03 0.44 0.06

K02 3 6.71 0.02 0.30 0.04

K03 3 6.64 0.03 0.38 0.05

K04 3 6.66 0.03 0.50 0.07

K05 3 6.65 0.02 0.33 0.04

K06 3 6.68 0.03 0.46 0.06

K07 3 6.58 0.03 0.44 0.06

K08 3 6.64 0.03 0.43 0.06

K09 3 6.62 0.04 0.65 0.09



6.55 6.62 4.303 6.51

6.58 6.65 4.303 6.54

6.69 6.73 4.303 6.66

6.61 6.66 4.303 6.57

6.62 6.70 4.303 6.57

6.62 6.67 4.303 6.59

6.65 6.71 4.303 6.60

6.54 6.61 4.303 6.50

6.60 6.67 4.303 6.56

6.57 6.67 4.303 6.51


48


6.66 0.07

6.69 0.07

6.76 0.05

6.70 0.06

6.74 0.08

6.70 0.05

6.76 0.08

6.65 0.07

6.71 0.07

6.73 0.11


Tyre CEi CDi

K00 17.50 9.66

K01 3.40 9.66

K02 35.41 4.48

K03 0.00 7.24

K04 3.21 12.76

K05 1.03 5.52

K06 13.05 10.69

K07 24.63 9.66

K08 0.00 9.31

K09 1.76 21.03


Variable Cr

Global_average 6.64








49


Variable Cr




Variable Cr




50

3.6. Pre-tests results on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) - Tyre Y



Y00 3 7.75 0.01 0.17 0.03

Y01 3 7.72 0.03 0.42 0.06

Y02 3 7.82 0.04 0.46 0.07

Y03 3 7.73 0.06 0.71 0.11

Y04 3 7.78 0.07 0.90 0.14

Y05 3 7.82 0.06 0.82 0.13

Y06 3 7.66 0.06 0.72 0.11

Y07 3 7.64 0.04 0.53 0.08

Y08 3 7.69 0.05 0.60 0.09

Y09 3 7.81 0.06 0.70 0.11



7.74 7.77 4.303 7.72

7.68 7.76 4.303 7.64

7.78 7.86 4.303 7.73

7.67 7.80 4.303 7.60

7.70 7.86 4.303 7.61

7.75 7.90 4.303 7.66

7.59 7.72 4.303 7.52

7.59 7.68 4.303 7.54

7.64 7.75 4.303 7.58

7.75 7.88 4.303 7.68


51


7.79 0.03

7.80 0.08

7.91 0.09

7.87 0.14

7.96 0.17

7.98 0.16

7.79 0.14

7.74 0.10

7.81 0.11

7.95 0.14


Tyre CEi CDi

Y00 0.19 0.75

Y01 1.33 4.31

Y02 14.41 5.26

Y03 0.19 12.46

Y04 3.59 20.09

Y05 15.89 16.92

Y06 18.61 12.42

Y07 27.78 6.70

Y08 5.85 8.66

Y09 12.17 12.42


Variable Cr

Global_average 7.74








52


Variable Cr




Variable Cr




53

4. Correction Factors for C3 tyres


F00 4,05 3,95 3,95 3,98 0,993 min 99,31%

F01 3,94 3,94 3,92 3,94 1,005 max 100,50%

F02 3,96 3,94 3,94 3,95 1,002 range 1,19%

F03 3,95 3,94 3,91 3,94 1,005

F04 3,96 3,97 3,94 3,96 0,999

F05 3,97 3,95 3,92 3,95 1,002

F06 3,97 3,96 3,93 3,96 1,000

F07 4,03 3,96 3,94 3,98 0,995

F08 3,97 3,94 3,96 3,96 0,999

F09 3,95 3,97 3,92 3,95 1,002

Avg. total 3,957


G00 4,88 4,84 4,86 4,86 0,988 min 98,80%

G01 4,81 4,78 4,80 4,79 1,003 max 101,38%

G02 4,79 4,80 4,78 4,79 1,004 range 2,58%

G03 4,82 4,86 4,81 4,83 0,995

G04 4,85 4,84 4,82 4,84 0,993

G05 4,80 4,77 4,70 4,75 1,011

G06 4,84 4,84 4,84 4,84 0,992

G07 4,75 4,73 4,75 4,74 1,014

G08 4,85 4,77 4,82 4,81 0,999

G09 4,81 4,79 4,79 4,79 1,003

Avg. total 4,806


H00 5,57 5,57 5,57 5,57 0,984 min 98,41%

H01 5,54 5,54 5,55 5,54 0,989 max 101,70%

H02 5,53 5,52 5,48 5,51 0,995 range 3,29%

H03 5,52 5,50 5,51 5,51 0,995

H04 5,48 5,50 5,45 5,48 1,001

H05 5,42 5,47 5,49 5,46 1,004

H06 5,45 5,43 5,43 5,44 1,008

H07 5,41 5,40 5,43 5,42 1,012

H08 5,39 5,35 5,42 5,39 1,017

H09 5,51 5,49 5,48 5,49 0,998

Avg. total 5,481


54


J00 5,91 5,87 5,81 5,86 1,004 min 97,18%

J01 6,10 6,04 6,04 6,06 0,972 max 100,74%

J02 5,93 5,87 5,86 5,88 1,001 range 3,56%

J03 5,88 5,84 5,82 5,85 1,007

J04 5,88 5,85 5,81 5,85 1,007

J05 5,88 5,87 5,81 5,85 1,006

J06 5,99 5,94 5,90 5,94 0,991

J07 5,88 5,85 5,84 5,86 1,006

J08 5,88 5,84 5,81 5,85 1,007

J09 5,93 5,88 5,85 5,88 1,001

Avg. total 5,888


K00 6,62 6,58 6,56 6,58 1,008 min 98,92%

K01 6,64 6,61 6,59 6,61 1,003 max 100,92%

K02 6,73 6,70 6,69 6,71 0,989 range 2,00%

K03 6,66 6,63 6,62 6,64 1,000

K04 6,69 6,65 6,63 6,66 0,997

K05 6,67 6,64 6,64 6,65 0,998

K06 6,70 6,69 6,64 6,68 0,993

K07 6,61 6,57 6,55 6,58 1,009

K08 6,66 6,64 6,61 6,64 1,000

K09 6,66 6,62 6,58 6,62 1,002

Avg. total 6,636


Y00 7,76 7,74 7,75 7,75 0,999 min 98,98%

Y01 7,75 7,72 7,69 7,72 1,003 max 101,39%

Y02 7,85 7,82 7,78 7,82 0,990 range 2,41%

Y03 7,80 7,71 7,70 7,73 1,001

Y04 7,86 7,73 7,75 7,78 0,995

Y05 7,87 7,85 7,75 7,82 0,990

Y06 7,71 7,66 7,60 7,66 1,011

Y07 7,68 7,64 7,60 7,64 1,014

Y08 7,75 7,67 7,67 7,69 1,006

Y09 7,87 7,81 7,76 7,81 0,991

Avg. total 7,743

Annex D - Alignment tests results - Cr (N/kN)

1. Raw data

1.1. C1-C2 tyres Corrected individual values 2-4

Measures 1 2 3 4 Moy 2-4

Sig 2-4

Correction Factor

Corrected Average

2 3 4 sigma

Lab0 A00 6,83 6,87 6,94 6,91 6,907 0,035 0,994 6,864 6,83 6,90 6,87 0,035

Lab1 A01 6,41 6,34 6,30 6,33 6,319 0,021 1,014 6,405 6,42 6,38 6,41 0,021

Lab2 A02 6,67 6,63 6,66 6,66 6,650 0,017 0,996 6,625 6,61 6,64 6,64 0,017

Lab3 A03 6,40 6,43 6,45 6,39 6,423 0,031 1,009 6,480 6,49 6,51 6,45 0,031

Lab4 A04 6,52 6,50 6,44 6,44 6,460 0,035 1,015 6,554 6,59 6,53 6,53 0,035

Lab5 A05 6,35 6,32 6,29 6,19 6,267 0,068 0,993 6,225 6,28 6,25 6,15 0,068

Lab6 A06 6,31 6,25 6,21 6,23 6,230 0,020 1,005 6,260 6,28 6,24 6,26 0,020

Lab7 A07 6,54 6,52 6,51 6,51 6,513 0,006 0,991 6,457 6,46 6,45 6,45 0,006

Lab8 A08 6,83 6,82 6,81 6,79 6,807 0,015 0,994 6,768 6,78 6,77 6,75 0,015

Lab9 A09 6,82 6,78 6,81 6,78 6,790 0,017 0,990 6,721 6,71 6,74 6,71 0,017

Lab10 A10 6,73 6,69 6,62 6,61 6,640 0,044 1,000 6,642 6,69 6,62 6,61 0,044

6,545

Corrected individual values 2-4


Sig 2-4

Correction Factor

Corrected Average

2 3 4 sigma

Lab0 B00 7,75 7,71 7,74 7,76 7,737 0,025 0,995 7,695 7,67 7,70 7,72 0,025

Lab1 B01 7,31 7,29 7,21 7,26 7,256 0,040 0,992 7,198 7,23 7,16 7,21 0,039

Lab2 B02 7,59 7,57 7,54 7,53 7,547 0,021 0,998 7,534 7,56 7,53 7,52 0,021

Lab3 B03 7,31 7,36 7,37 7,33 7,353 0,021 1,001 7,363 7,37 7,38 7,34 0,021

Lab4 B04 7,56 7,56 7,54 7,51 7,537 0,025 0,996 7,508 7,53 7,51 7,48 0,025

Lab5 B05 7,16 7,18 7,15 7,14 7,157 0,021 1,004 7,185 7,21 7,18 7,17 0,021

Lab6 B06 7,31 7,26 7,24 7,26 7,253 0,012 1,000 7,254 7,26 7,24 7,26 0,012

Lab7 B07 7,23 7,17 7,14 7,14 7,150 0,017 1,010 7,224 7,24 7,21 7,21 0,018

Lab8 B08 7,65 7,61 7,70 7,60 7,637 0,055 1,001 7,647 7,62 7,71 7,61 0,055

Lab9 B09 7,48 7,48 7,44 7,49 7,470 0,026 1,001 7,474 7,48 7,44 7,49 0,026

Lab10 B10 7,49 7,46 7,46 7,44 7,453 0,012 1,001 7,463 7,47 7,47 7,45 0,012

7,413



Sig 2-4

Correction Factor

Corrected Average

2 3 4 sigma

Lab0 C00 8,66 8,73 8,73 8,76 8,740 0,017 1,013 8,850 8,84 8,84 8,87 0,018

Lab1 C01 8,65 8,58 8,56 8,56 8,567 0,013 1,001 8,572 8,59 8,56 8,56 0,013

Lab2 C02 8,68 8,61 8,62 8,64 8,623 0,015 0,993 8,564 8,55 8,56 8,58 0,015

Lab3 C03 8,75 8,74 8,69 8,67 8,700 0,036 1,006 8,754 8,79 8,74 8,72 0,036

Lab4 C04 8,69 8,63 8,62 8,58 8,610 0,026 1,017 8,755 8,78 8,77 8,72 0,027

Lab5 C05 8,53 8,42 8,41 8,43 8,420 0,010 0,995 8,375 8,37 8,36 8,38 0,010

Lab6 C06 8,38 8,33 8,36 8,30 8,330 0,030 1,003 8,353 8,35 8,38 8,32 0,030

Lab7 C07 8,85 8,76 8,75 8,73 8,747 0,015 1,000 8,745 8,76 8,75 8,73 0,015

Lab8 C08 9,10 8,98 9,01 8,93 8,973 0,040 0,983 8,817 8,82 8,85 8,77 0,040

Lab9 C09 8,98 8,88 8,88 8,84 8,867 0,023 0,994 8,812 8,83 8,83 8,79 0,023

Lab10 C10 8,76 8,76 8,74 8,71 8,737 0,025 0,998 8,719 8,74 8,72 8,69 0,025

8,665



Sig 2-4

Correction Factor

Corrected Average

2 3 4 sigma

Lab0 D00 9,88 9,92 9,90 9,92 9,913 0,012 1,000 9,909 9,92 9,90 9,92 0,012

Lab1 D01 9,66 9,58 9,56 9,60 9,579 0,023 0,996 9,541 9,54 9,52 9,57 0,023

Lab2 D02 9,75 9,73 9,64 9,65 9,673 0,049 0,997 9,642 9,70 9,61 9,62 0,049

Lab3 D03 9,91 9,80 9,77 9,71 9,760 0,046 0,996 9,718 9,76 9,73 9,67 0,046

Lab4 D04 9,58 9,52 9,47 9,43 9,473 0,045 1,003 9,503 9,55 9,50 9,46 0,045

Lab5 D05 9,56 9,51 9,46 9,46 9,477 0,029 1,000 9,479 9,51 9,46 9,46 0,029

Lab6 D06 9,40 9,29 9,23 9,23 9,250 0,035 1,005 9,296 9,34 9,28 9,28 0,035

Lab7 D07 9,78 9,70 9,66 9,62 9,660 0,040 1,002 9,680 9,72 9,68 9,64 0,040

Lab8 D08 9,91 9,78 9,77 9,72 9,757 0,032 1,006 9,815 9,84 9,83 9,78 0,032

Lab9 D09 9,50 9,49 9,38 9,40 9,423 0,059 1,000 9,419 9,49 9,38 9,40 0,059

Lab10 D10 9,89 9,81 9,79 9,79 9,797 0,012 0,996 9,758 9,77 9,75 9,75 0,012

9,615


56



Sig 2-4

Correction Factor

Corrected Average

2 3 4 sigma

Lab0 E00 10,30 10,30 10,33 10,26 10,297 0,035 0,996 10,258 10,26 10,29 10,22 0,035

Lab1 E01 9,52 9,42 9,42 9,42 9,419 0,001 1,006 9,471 9,47 9,47 9,47 0,001

Lab2 E02 9,89 9,85 9,77 9,78 9,800 0,044 1,000 9,801 9,85 9,77 9,78 0,044

Lab3 E03 9,96 9,94 9,90 9,93 9,923 0,021 1,002 9,943 9,96 9,92 9,95 0,021

Lab4 E04 9,84 9,84 9,82 9,77 9,810 0,036 0,998 9,789 9,82 9,80 9,75 0,036

Lab5 E05 9,63 9,57 9,58 9,52 9,557 0,032 1,005 9,603 9,62 9,63 9,57 0,032

Lab6 E06 9,77 9,71 9,66 9,67 9,680 0,026 1,002 9,702 9,73 9,68 9,69 0,027

Lab7 E07 9,82 9,79 9,75 9,74 9,760 0,026 1,003 9,789 9,82 9,78 9,77 0,027

Lab8 E08 10,17 10,11 10,14 10,09 10,113 0,025 0,996 10,075 10,07 10,10 10,05 0,025

Lab9 E09 9,74 9,77 9,75 9,77 9,763 0,012 0,997 9,730 9,74 9,72 9,74 0,012

Lab10 E10 10,06 10,01 9,98 9,99 9,993 0,015 0,996 9,949 9,97 9,94 9,95 0,015

9,828



Sig 2-4

Correction Factor

Corrected Average

2 3 4 sigma

Lab0 X00 11,49 11,40 11,37 11,37 11,380 0,017 0,999 11,373 11,39 11,36 11,36 0,017

Lab1 X01 11,26 11,21 11,17 11,14 11,177 0,036 0,996 11,127 11,16 11,12 11,09 0,036

Lab2 X02 11,62 11,54 11,49 11,48 11,503 0,032 0,995 11,444 11,48 11,43 11,42 0,032

Lab3 X03 11,33 11,27 11,23 11,23 11,243 0,023 1,003 11,282 11,31 11,27 11,27 0,023

Lab4 X04 11,41 11,36 11,32 11,28 11,320 0,040 0,995 11,263 11,30 11,26 11,22 0,040

Lab5 X05 11,19 11,10 11,11 11,04 11,083 0,038 1,005 11,137 11,15 11,16 11,09 0,038

Lab6 X06 11,30 11,24 11,24 11,19 11,223 0,029 1,004 11,273 11,29 11,29 11,24 0,029

Lab7 X07 11,32 11,31 11,28 11,26 11,283 0,025 1,002 11,302 11,33 11,30 11,28 0,025

Lab8 X08 11,71 11,69 11,63 11,62 11,647 0,038 1,003 11,676 11,72 11,66 11,65 0,038

Lab9 X09 11,36 11,19 11,21 11,26 11,220 0,036 1,001 11,229 11,20 11,22 11,27 0,036

Lab10 X10 11,47 11,40 11,36 11,35 11,370 0,026 0,998 11,344 11,37 11,33 11,32 0,026

11,314

1.2. C3 tyres Corrected individual values 2-4


Sig 2-4

Correction Factor

Corrected Average

2 3 4 sigma

Lab0 F00 3,85 3,82 3,79 3,79 3,800 0,017 0,993 3,774 3,79 3,76 3,76 0,017

Lab1 F01 3,83 3,81 3,80 3,81 3,806 0,007 1,005 3,825 3,83 3,82 3,83 0,007

Lab2 F02 4,00 3,95 3,93 3,92 3,933 0,015 1,002 3,939 3,96 3,94 3,93 0,015

Lab3 F03 3,75 3,74 3,72 3,71 3,723 0,015 1,005 3,742 3,76 3,74 3,73 0,015

Lab4 F04 3,71 3,69 3,68 3,67 3,680 0,010 0,999 3,676 3,69 3,68 3,67 0,010

Lab5 F05 3,88 3,84 3,84 3,83 3,837 0,006 1,002 3,843 3,85 3,85 3,84 0,006

Lab6 F06 3,81 3,80 3,79 3,77 3,787 0,015 1,000 3,786 3,80 3,79 3,77 0,015

Lab7 F07 3,89 3,88 3,87 3,88 3,877 0,006 0,995 3,856 3,86 3,85 3,86 0,006

Lab8 F08 3,83 3,82 3,75 3,74 3,770 0,044 0,999 3,766 3,82 3,75 3,74 0,044

Lab9 F09 3,98 3,93 3,90 3,90 3,910 0,017 1,002 3,916 3,94 3,91 3,91 0,017

3,812



Sig 2-4

Correction Factor

Corrected Average

2 3 4 sigma

Lab0 G00 4,65 4,66 4,61 4,61 4,627 0,029 0,988 4,571 4,60 4,55 4,55 0,029

Lab1 G01 4,78 4,70 4,71 4,76 4,723 0,028 1,003 4,737 4,72 4,72 4,77 0,028

Lab2 G02 5,08 5,04 5,03 5,03 5,033 0,006 1,004 5,054 5,06 5,05 5,05 0,006

Lab3 G03 4,75 4,73 4,69 4,67 4,697 0,031 0,995 4,672 4,70 4,67 4,65 0,030

Lab4 G04 4,57 4,56 4,56 4,57 4,563 0,006 0,993 4,530 4,53 4,53 4,54 0,006

Lab5 G05 4,88 4,85 4,85 4,80 4,833 0,029 1,011 4,887 4,90 4,90 4,85 0,029

Lab6 G06 4,69 4,66 4,64 4,63 4,643 0,015 0,992 4,606 4,62 4,60 4,59 0,015

Lab7 G07 4,94 4,98 4,89 4,94 4,937 0,045 1,014 5,005 5,05 4,96 5,01 0,046

Lab8 G08 4,75 4,72 4,69 4,68 4,697 0,021 0,999 4,691 4,71 4,68 4,67 0,021

Lab9 G09 5,01 4,95 4,94 4,90 4,930 0,026 1,003 4,944 4,96 4,95 4,91 0,027

4,770


57



Sig 2-4

Correction Factor

Corrected Average

2 3 4 sigma

Lab0 H00 5,30 5,30 5,25 5,21 5,253 0,045 0,984 5,170 5,22 5,17 5,13 0,044

Lab1 H01 5,46 5,43 5,45 5,45 5,441 0,009 0,989 5,380 5,37 5,39 5,38 0,009

Lab2 H02 5,73 5,79 5,70 5,74 5,743 0,045 0,995 5,713 5,76 5,67 5,71 0,045

Lab3 H03 5,43 5,41 5,39 5,39 5,397 0,012 0,995 5,368 5,38 5,36 5,36 0,011

Lab4 H04 5,24 5,21 5,21 5,19 5,203 0,012 1,001 5,206 5,21 5,21 5,19 0,012

Lab5 H05 5,42 5,38 5,37 5,32 5,357 0,032 1,004 5,376 5,40 5,39 5,34 0,032

Lab6 H06 5,34 5,34 5,33 5,31 5,327 0,015 1,008 5,368 5,38 5,37 5,35 0,015

Lab7 H07 5,40 5,33 5,37 5,38 5,360 0,026 1,012 5,425 5,39 5,43 5,45 0,027

Lab8 H08 5,24 5,27 5,24 5,23 5,247 0,021 1,017 5,336 5,36 5,33 5,32 0,021

Lab9 H09 5,76 5,61 5,61 5,61 5,610 0,000 0,998 5,597 5,60 5,60 5,60 0,000

5,394



Sig 2-4

Correction Factor

Corrected Average

2 3 4 sigma

Lab0 J00 5,79 5,74 5,72 5,70 5,720 0,020 1,004 5,746 5,77 5,75 5,73 0,020

Lab1 J01 5,70 5,71 5,69 5,68 5,693 0,015 0,972 5,532 5,55 5,53 5,52 0,015

Lab2 J02 5,91 5,92 5,89 5,89 5,900 0,017 1,001 5,904 5,92 5,89 5,89 0,017

Lab3 J03 5,63 5,60 5,58 5,55 5,577 0,025 1,007 5,613 5,64 5,62 5,59 0,025

Lab4 J04 5,58 5,56 5,54 5,52 5,539 0,016 1,006 5,570 5,59 5,57 5,55 0,016

Lab5 J05 5,86 5,84 5,82 5,80 5,820 0,020 1,006 5,855 5,88 5,86 5,84 0,020

Lab6 J06 5,66 5,65 5,64 5,62 5,637 0,015 0,991 5,587 5,60 5,59 5,57 0,015

Lab7 J07 5,83 5,83 5,83 5,80 5,820 0,017 1,007 5,861 5,87 5,87 5,84 0,017

Lab8 J08 5,78 5,77 5,68 5,66 5,703 0,059 1,007 5,745 5,81 5,72 5,70 0,059

Lab9 J09 5,87 5,86 5,86 5,82 5,847 0,023 1,001 5,850 5,86 5,86 5,82 0,023

5,726



Sig 2-4

Correction Factor

Corrected Average

2 3 4 sigma

Lab0 K00 6,62 6,47 6,49 6,49 6,483 0,012 1,008 6,534 6,52 6,54 6,54 0,012

Lab1 K01 6,66 6,64 6,61 6,59 6,614 0,028 1,003 6,637 6,67 6,63 6,61 0,028

Lab2 K02 6,94 6,87 6,88 6,85 6,867 0,015 0,989 6,792 6,80 6,81 6,78 0,015

Lab3 K03 6,56 6,55 6,52 6,51 6,527 0,021 1,000 6,527 6,55 6,52 6,51 0,021

Lab4 K04 6,52 6,48 6,48 6,48 6,480 0,000 0,997 6,459 6,46 6,46 6,46 0,000

Lab5 K05 6,74 6,75 6,74 6,70 6,730 0,026 0,998 6,717 6,74 6,73 6,69 0,026

Lab6 K06 6,60 6,59 6,58 6,56 6,577 0,015 0,993 6,533 6,55 6,54 6,52 0,015

Lab7 K07 6,71 6,75 6,74 6,70 6,730 0,026 1,009 6,792 6,81 6,80 6,76 0,027

Lab8 K08 6,63 6,63 6,56 6,55 6,580 0,044 1,000 6,580 6,63 6,56 6,55 0,044

Lab9 K09 6,80 7,08 7,05 7,06 7,063 0,015 1,002 7,081 7,10 7,07 7,08 0,015

6,665



Sig 2-4

Correction Factor

Corrected Average

2 3 4 sigma

Lab0 Y00 7,55 7,49 7,42 7,42 7,443 0,040 0,999 7,435 7,48 7,41 7,41 0,040

Lab1 Y01 7,69 7,63 7,57 7,60 7,601 0,035 1,003 7,624 7,66 7,59 7,63 0,035

Lab2 Y02 8,01 7,89 7,91 7,92 7,907 0,015 0,990 7,830 7,81 7,83 7,84 0,015

Lab3 Y03 7,56 7,52 7,50 7,48 7,500 0,020 1,001 7,509 7,53 7,51 7,49 0,020

Lab4 Y04 7,50 7,46 7,43 7,42 7,437 0,021 0,995 7,400 7,42 7,39 7,38 0,021

Lab5 Y05 7,77 7,73 7,67 7,70 7,700 0,030 0,990 7,621 7,65 7,59 7,62 0,030

Lab6 Y06 7,47 7,45 7,41 7,42 7,427 0,021 1,011 7,511 7,53 7,49 7,50 0,021

Lab7 Y07 7,54 7,54 7,53 7,47 7,513 0,038 1,014 7,617 7,64 7,63 7,57 0,038

Lab8 Y08 7,56 7,54 7,53 7,50 7,523 0,021 1,006 7,571 7,59 7,58 7,55 0,021

Lab9 Y09 7,80 7,81 7,78 7,78 7,790 0,017 0,991 7,720 7,74 7,71 7,71 0,017

7,584


58

2. Qualification of reference machines

2.1. Sigma m for C1-C2 machines (based on corrected raw data)

Laboratory Sigma A Sigma B Sigma C Sigma D Sigma E Sigma X Sigma m

Lab0 0,035 0,025 0,018 0,012 0,035 0,017 0,025

Lab1 0,021 0,039 0,013 0,023 0,001 0,036 0,026

Lab2 0,017 0,021 0,015 0,049 0,044 0,032 0,032

Lab3 0,031 0,021 0,036 0,046 0,021 0,023 0,031

Lab4 0,035 0,025 0,027 0,045 0,036 0,040 0,035

Lab5 0,068 0,021 0,010 0,029 0,032 0,038 0,037

Lab6 0,020 0,012 0,030 0,035 0,027 0,029 0,026

Lab7 0,006 0,018 0,015 0,040 0,027 0,025 0,024

Lab8 0,015 0,055 0,040 0,032 0,025 0,038 0,036

Lab9 0,017 0,026 0,023 0,059 0,012 0,036 0,033

Lab10 0,044 0,012 0,025 0,012 0,015 0,026 0,025

2.2. Sigma m for C3 machines (based on corrected raw data)

Laboratory Sigma F Sigma G Sigma H Sigma J Sigma K Sigma Y Sigma m

Lab0 0,017 0,029 0,044 0,020 0,012 0,040 0,030

Lab1 0,007 0,028 0,009 0,015 0,028 0,035 0,023

Lab2 0,015 0,006 0,045 0,017 0,015 0,015 0,022

Lab3 0,015 0,030 0,011 0,025 0,021 0,020 0,021

Lab4 0,010 0,006 0,012 0,016 0,000 0,021 0,013

Lab5 0,006 0,029 0,032 0,020 0,026 0,030 0,026

Lab6 0,015 0,015 0,015 0,015 0,015 0,021 0,016

Lab7 0,006 0,046 0,027 0,017 0,027 0,038 0,030

Lab8 0,044 0,021 0,021 0,059 0,044 0,021 0,038

Lab9 0,017 0,027 0,000 0,023 0,015 0,017 0,019


59

3. Statistical analysis of the Interlaboratories results – Cr (N/kN)

3.1. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre A


Laboratory N Average Standard_deviation Coefficient_of_variation_perc Repeatability_exp_uncertainty

00 3 6.864 0.035 0.508 0.070

01 3 6.405 0.021 0.334 0.043

02 3 6.625 0.017 0.260 0.035

03 3 6.480 0.031 0.476 0.062

04 3 6.554 0.035 0.536 0.070

05 3 6.225 0.068 1.086 0.135

06 3 6.260 0.020 0.321 0.040

07 3 6.457 0.006 0.089 0.011

08 3 6.768 0.015 0.224 0.030

09 3 6.721 0.017 0.255 0.034

10 3 6.642 0.044 0.656 0.087



6.824 6.903 4.303 6.777

6.381 6.429 4.303 6.352

6.606 6.645 4.303 6.582

6.446 6.515 4.303 6.404

6.514 6.594 4.303 6.467

6.148 6.301 4.303 6.057

6.237 6.283 4.303 6.210

6.450 6.463 4.303 6.443

6.751 6.785 4.303 6.730

6.702 6.740 4.303 6.678

6.592 6.691 4.303 6.533


60


6.950 0.087

6.458 0.053

6.668 0.043

6.557 0.077

6.641 0.087

6.393 0.168

6.310 0.050

6.471 0.014

6.805 0.038

6.764 0.043

6.750 0.108

3.1.3. Between and within contribution for the factor laboratory

Laboratory CEi CDi

00 24.50 10.51

01 4.79 3.95

02 1.54 2.57

03 1.02 8.19

04 0.02 10.65

05 24.89 39.43

06 19.70 3.48

07 1.90 0.28

08 11.95 1.99

09 7.45 2.54

10 2.25 16.40


Variable Cr









61


Variable Cr



3.1.6. Part of variation in percent of the laboratories on the total variation

Variable Cr

Variation_part_labo 97.49

3.1.7. Trueness study - Estimation and significativity of the bias

Laboratory

number of

nonmissing

values, Cr Bias Inc_bias IC_inf_bias IC_sup_bias

00 3 0.318 0.194 -0.062 0.698

01 3 -0.141 0.194 -0.521 0.239

02 3 0.080 0.194 -0.300 0.460

03 3 -0.065 0.194 -0.445 0.315

04 3 0.008 0.194 -0.372 0.389

05 3 -0.321 0.194 -0.701 0.059

06 3 -0.285 0.194 -0.665 0.095

07 3 -0.089 0.194 -0.469 0.291

08 3 0.222 0.194 -0.158 0.602

09 3 0.176 0.194 -0.205 0.556

10 3 0.096 0.194 -0.284 0.476


62

3.1.8. Box-plot graphics Tyre A


63

3.2. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre B



00 3 7.695 0.025 0.325 0.050

01 3 7.198 0.039 0.547 0.079

02 3 7.534 0.021 0.276 0.042

03 3 7.363 0.021 0.283 0.042

04 3 7.508 0.025 0.334 0.050

05 3 7.185 0.021 0.291 0.042

06 3 7.254 0.012 0.159 0.023

07 3 7.224 0.018 0.242 0.035

08 3 7.647 0.055 0.721 0.110

09 3 7.474 0.026 0.354 0.053

10 3 7.463 0.012 0.155 0.023



7.666 7.723 4.303 7.632

7.154 7.243 4.303 7.101

7.511 7.558 4.303 7.483

7.340 7.387 4.303 7.312

7.480 7.537 4.303 7.446

7.161 7.208 4.303 7.133

7.241 7.267 4.303 7.225

7.205 7.244 4.303 7.181

7.585 7.709 4.303 7.510

7.444 7.504 4.303 7.408

7.450 7.477 4.303 7.435


64


7.757 0.062

7.296 0.098

7.586 0.052

7.415 0.052

7.571 0.062

7.237 0.052

7.283 0.029

7.268 0.043

7.784 0.137

7.540 0.066

7.492 0.029


Laboratory CEi CDi

00 24.30 7.44

01 14.18 18.40

02 4.50 5.13

03 0.77 5.16

04 2.78 7.46

05 16.04 5.18

06 7.81 1.58

07 10.95 3.64

08 16.77 36.11

09 1.12 8.32

10 0.77 1.59


Variable Cr









65


Variable Cr




Variable Cr



Laboratory

number of

nonmissing


00 3 0.281 0.172 -0.056 0.619

01 3 -0.215 0.172 -0.552 0.122

02 3 0.121 0.172 -0.216 0.458

03 3 -0.050 0.172 -0.387 0.287

04 3 0.095 0.172 -0.242 0.432

05 3 -0.229 0.172 -0.566 0.109

06 3 -0.159 0.172 -0.497 0.178

07 3 -0.189 0.172 -0.526 0.148

08 3 0.234 0.172 -0.104 0.571

09 3 0.060 0.172 -0.277 0.398

10 3 0.050 0.172 -0.287 0.387


66

3.2.8. Box-plot graphics Tyre B


67

3.3. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre C



00 3 8.850 0.018 0.198 0.035

01 3 8.572 0.013 0.151 0.026

02 3 8.564 0.015 0.177 0.030

03 3 8.754 0.036 0.414 0.073

04 3 8.755 0.027 0.307 0.054

05 3 8.375 0.010 0.119 0.020

06 3 8.353 0.030 0.360 0.060

07 3 8.745 0.015 0.175 0.031

08 3 8.817 0.040 0.450 0.079

09 3 8.812 0.023 0.260 0.046

10 3 8.719 0.025 0.288 0.050



8.830 8.870 4.303 8.807

8.557 8.587 4.303 8.540

8.547 8.581 4.303 8.527

8.713 8.795 4.303 8.663

8.724 8.785 4.303 8.688

8.363 8.386 4.303 8.350

8.319 8.387 4.303 8.278

8.728 8.762 4.303 8.707

8.772 8.862 4.303 8.719

8.786 8.838 4.303 8.755

8.690 8.747 4.303 8.656


68


8.894 0.044

8.604 0.032

8.602 0.038

8.844 0.090

8.822 0.067

8.399 0.025

8.428 0.075

8.783 0.038

8.916 0.099

8.869 0.057

8.781 0.062


Laboratory CEi CDi

00 11.25 4.58

01 2.84 2.50

02 3.34 3.43

03 2.57 19.59

04 2.65 10.78

05 27.68 1.47

06 31.93 13.47

07 2.09 3.47

08 7.60 23.48

09 7.12 7.84

10 0.94 9.39


Variable Cr









69


Variable Cr




Variable Cr



Laboratory

number of

nonmissing


00 3 0.185 0.166 -0.141 0.511

01 3 -0.093 0.166 -0.419 0.233

02 3 -0.101 0.166 -0.427 0.225

03 3 0.089 0.166 -0.238 0.415

04 3 0.090 0.166 -0.236 0.416

05 3 -0.290 0.166 -0.617 0.036

06 3 -0.312 0.166 -0.638 0.014

07 3 0.080 0.166 -0.246 0.406

08 3 0.152 0.166 -0.174 0.478

09 3 0.147 0.166 -0.179 0.474

10 3 0.054 0.166 -0.273 0.380


70

3.3.8. Box-plot graphics Tyre C


71

3.4. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre D



00 3 9.909 0.012 0.116 0.023

01 3 9.541 0.023 0.243 0.046

02 3 9.642 0.049 0.510 0.098

03 3 9.718 0.046 0.470 0.091

04 3 9.503 0.045 0.476 0.090

05 3 9.479 0.029 0.305 0.058

06 3 9.296 0.035 0.374 0.070

07 3 9.680 0.040 0.414 0.080

08 3 9.815 0.032 0.329 0.065

09 3 9.419 0.059 0.622 0.117

10 3 9.758 0.012 0.118 0.023



9.896 9.922 4.303 9.881

9.515 9.567 4.303 9.484

9.586 9.698 4.303 9.520

9.666 9.770 4.303 9.605

9.452 9.554 4.303 9.391

9.447 9.512 4.303 9.408

9.256 9.335 4.303 9.209

9.635 9.725 4.303 9.580

9.779 9.852 4.303 9.735

9.353 9.486 4.303 9.274

9.745 9.771 4.303 9.729


72


9.938 0.029

9.599 0.058

9.764 0.122

9.831 0.113

9.615 0.112

9.551 0.072

9.382 0.086

9.780 0.100

9.896 0.080

9.565 0.146

9.787 0.029


Laboratory CEi CDi

00 25.57 0.86

01 1.59 3.48

02 0.22 15.62

03 3.15 13.45

04 3.67 13.22

05 5.39 5.39

06 30.00 7.83

07 1.26 10.38

08 11.86 6.76

09 11.23 22.16

10 6.06 0.85


Variable Cr









73


Variable Cr




Variable Cr



Laboratory

number of

nonmissing


00 3 0.295 0.176 -0.050 0.639

01 3 -0.073 0.176 -0.418 0.271

02 3 0.027 0.176 -0.317 0.372

03 3 0.103 0.176 -0.241 0.448

04 3 -0.112 0.176 -0.456 0.233

05 3 -0.135 0.176 -0.479 0.209

06 3 -0.319 0.176 -0.663 0.025

07 3 0.065 0.176 -0.279 0.410

08 3 0.201 0.176 -0.144 0.545

09 3 -0.195 0.176 -0.539 0.149

10 3 0.143 0.176 -0.201 0.488


74

3.4.8. Box-plot graphics Tyre D


75

3.5. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre E



00 3 10.258 0.035 0.341 0.070

01 3 9.471 0.001 0.009 0.002

02 3 9.801 0.044 0.445 0.087

03 3 9.943 0.021 0.210 0.042

04 3 9.789 0.036 0.368 0.072

05 3 9.603 0.032 0.336 0.065

06 3 9.702 0.027 0.273 0.053

07 3 9.789 0.027 0.271 0.053

08 3 10.075 0.025 0.249 0.050

09 3 9.730 0.012 0.118 0.023

10 3 9.949 0.015 0.153 0.030



10.218 10.297 4.303 10.171

9.470 9.472 4.303 9.469

9.751 9.850 4.303 9.692

9.919 9.967 4.303 9.891

9.748 9.829 4.303 9.699

9.567 9.640 4.303 9.523

9.672 9.732 4.303 9.636

9.759 9.819 4.303 9.723

10.047 10.104 4.303 10.013

9.717 9.743 4.303 9.701

9.932 9.967 4.303 9.912


76


10.345 0.087

9.473 0.002

9.909 0.108

9.995 0.052

9.878 0.089

9.684 0.080

9.768 0.066

9.855 0.066

10.138 0.062

9.758 0.029

9.987 0.038


Laboratory CEi CDi

00 38.38 14.75

01 26.51 0.01

02 0.16 22.90

03 2.74 5.24

04 0.32 15.60

05 10.51 12.58

06 3.29 8.48

07 0.32 8.49

08 12.69 7.58

09 2.02 1.60

10 3.05 2.79


Variable Cr









77


Variable Cr




Variable Cr



Laboratory

number of

nonmissing


00 3 0.430 0.209 0.020 0.840

01 3 -0.357 0.209 -0.767 0.053

02 3 -0.028 0.209 -0.437 0.382

03 3 0.115 0.209 -0.295 0.525

04 3 -0.040 0.209 -0.449 0.370

05 3 -0.225 0.209 -0.635 0.185

06 3 -0.126 0.209 -0.536 0.284

07 3 -0.039 0.209 -0.449 0.370

08 3 0.247 0.209 -0.163 0.657

09 3 -0.099 0.209 -0.508 0.311

10 3 0.121 0.209 -0.289 0.531


78

3.5.8. Box-plot graphics Tyre E


79

3.6. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre X



00 3 11.373 0.017 0.152 0.035

01 3 11.127 0.036 0.319 0.071

02 3 11.444 0.032 0.279 0.064

03 3 11.282 0.023 0.205 0.046

04 3 11.263 0.040 0.353 0.080

05 3 11.137 0.038 0.342 0.076

06 3 11.273 0.029 0.257 0.058

07 3 11.302 0.025 0.223 0.050

08 3 11.676 0.038 0.325 0.076

09 3 11.229 0.036 0.321 0.072

10 3 11.344 0.026 0.233 0.053



11.353 11.392 4.303 11.330

11.087 11.167 4.303 11.039

11.408 11.480 4.303 11.364

11.256 11.308 4.303 11.224

11.218 11.308 4.303 11.164

11.094 11.180 4.303 11.043

11.240 11.305 4.303 11.201

11.274 11.331 4.303 11.239

11.633 11.719 4.303 11.582

11.188 11.270 4.303 11.140

11.315 11.374 4.303 11.279


80


11.416 0.043

11.215 0.088

11.523 0.079

11.339 0.058

11.362 0.099

11.232 0.095

11.345 0.072

11.365 0.063

11.770 0.094

11.319 0.090

11.410 0.066


Laboratory CEi CDi

00 1.51 2.71

01 15.08 11.41

02 7.34 9.24

03 0.44 4.85

04 1.10 14.31

05 13.46 13.07

06 0.73 7.59

07 0.06 5.74

08 56.79 13.01

09 3.09 11.76

10 0.41 6.30


Variable Cr









81


Variable Cr




Variable Cr



Laboratory

number of

nonmissing


00 3 0.059 0.145 -0.225 0.343

01 3 -0.187 0.145 -0.471 0.097

02 3 0.130 0.145 -0.154 0.414

03 3 -0.032 0.145 -0.316 0.252

04 3 -0.051 0.145 -0.335 0.234

05 3 -0.176 0.145 -0.461 0.108

06 3 -0.041 0.145 -0.325 0.243

07 3 -0.012 0.145 -0.296 0.273

08 3 0.362 0.145 0.078 0.646

09 3 -0.084 0.145 -0.369 0.200

10 3 0.031 0.145 -0.253 0.315


82

3.6.8. Box-plot graphics Tyre X


83

3.7. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre F



00 3 3.774 0.017 0.456 0.034

01 3 3.825 0.007 0.192 0.015

02 3 3.939 0.015 0.388 0.031

03 3 3.742 0.015 0.410 0.031

04 3 3.676 0.010 0.272 0.020

05 3 3.843 0.006 0.150 0.012

06 3 3.786 0.015 0.403 0.031

07 3 3.856 0.006 0.149 0.011

08 3 3.766 0.044 1.156 0.087

09 3 3.916 0.017 0.443 0.035



3.754 3.793 4.303 3.731

3.816 3.833 4.303 3.806

3.922 3.957 4.303 3.901

3.724 3.759 4.303 3.704

3.665 3.688 4.303 3.651

3.836 3.849 4.303 3.828

3.769 3.803 4.303 3.748

3.850 3.863 4.303 3.842

3.717 3.815 4.303 3.658

3.896 3.936 4.303 3.873


84


3.816 0.043

3.843 0.018

3.977 0.038

3.780 0.038

3.701 0.025

3.857 0.014

3.824 0.038

3.871 0.014

3.874 0.108

3.959 0.043


Laboratory CEi CDi

00 2.59 8.66

01 0.27 1.58

02 28.00 6.85

03 8.60 6.90

04 32.07 2.92

05 1.59 0.98

06 1.19 6.83

07 3.36 0.97

08 3.69 55.51

09 18.65 8.81


Variable Cr









85


Variable Cr




Variable Cr



Laboratory

number of

nonmissing


00 3 -0.039 0.076 -0.188 0.110

01 3 0.012 0.076 -0.137 0.161

02 3 0.127 0.076 -0.022 0.276

03 3 -0.070 0.076 -0.219 0.078

04 3 -0.136 0.076 -0.285 0.013

05 3 0.030 0.076 -0.119 0.179

06 3 -0.026 0.076 -0.175 0.123

07 3 0.044 0.076 -0.105 0.193

08 3 -0.046 0.076 -0.195 0.103

09 3 0.104 0.076 -0.045 0.253


86

3.7.8. Box-plot graphics Tyre F


87

3.8. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre G



00 3 4.571 0.029 0.624 0.057

01 3 4.737 0.028 0.587 0.056

02 3 5.054 0.006 0.115 0.012

03 3 4.672 0.030 0.650 0.061

04 3 4.530 0.006 0.127 0.011

05 3 4.887 0.029 0.597 0.058

06 3 4.606 0.015 0.329 0.030

07 3 5.005 0.046 0.913 0.091

08 3 4.691 0.021 0.443 0.042

09 3 4.944 0.027 0.537 0.053



4.539 4.603 4.303 4.500

4.705 4.768 4.303 4.667

5.048 5.061 4.303 5.040

4.637 4.706 4.303 4.596

4.523 4.536 4.303 4.516

4.854 4.920 4.303 4.814

4.589 4.623 4.303 4.569

4.953 5.057 4.303 4.891

4.667 4.714 4.303 4.639

4.914 4.974 4.303 4.878


88


4.642 0.071

4.806 0.069

5.069 0.014

4.747 0.075

4.544 0.014

4.959 0.073

4.644 0.038

5.118 0.114

4.742 0.052

5.010 0.066


Laboratory CEi CDi

00 12.26 11.82

01 0.34 11.24

02 25.25 0.49

03 2.99 13.41

04 17.90 0.48

05 4.28 12.37

06 8.32 3.34

07 17.26 30.36

08 1.94 6.28

09 9.46 10.22


Variable Cr









89


Variable Cr




Variable Cr



Laboratory

number of

nonmissing


00 3 -0.198 0.179 -0.550 0.153

01 3 -0.033 0.179 -0.384 0.318

02 3 0.285 0.179 -0.066 0.636

03 3 -0.098 0.179 -0.449 0.253

04 3 -0.240 0.179 -0.591 0.111

05 3 0.117 0.179 -0.234 0.468

06 3 -0.163 0.179 -0.515 0.188

07 3 0.235 0.179 -0.116 0.586

08 3 -0.079 0.179 -0.430 0.272

09 3 0.174 0.179 -0.177 0.525


90

3.8.8. Box-plot graphics Tyre G


91

3.9. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre H



00 3 5.170 0.044 0.858 0.089

01 3 5.380 0.009 0.172 0.018

02 3 5.713 0.045 0.785 0.090

03 3 5.368 0.011 0.214 0.023

04 3 5.206 0.012 0.222 0.023

05 3 5.376 0.032 0.600 0.065

06 3 5.368 0.015 0.287 0.031

07 3 5.425 0.027 0.494 0.054

08 3 5.336 0.021 0.397 0.042

09 3 5.597 0.000 0.000 0.000



5.120 5.220 4.303 5.060

5.370 5.391 4.303 5.357

5.662 5.763 4.303 5.601

5.355 5.381 4.303 5.339

5.193 5.220 4.303 5.178

5.339 5.412 4.303 5.296

5.351 5.386 4.303 5.330

5.395 5.455 4.303 5.358

5.312 5.360 4.303 5.283

5.597 5.597 4.303 5.597


92


5.280 0.110

5.403 0.023

5.824 0.111

5.396 0.029

5.235 0.029

5.456 0.080

5.407 0.038

5.491 0.067

5.389 0.053

5.597 0.000


Laboratory CEi CDi

00 21.42 29.07

01 0.08 1.26

02 43.39 29.69

03 0.29 1.95

04 15.00 1.97

05 0.14 15.36

06 0.28 3.50

07 0.41 10.58

08 1.43 6.62

09 17.56 0.00


Variable Cr









93


Variable Cr




Variable Cr



Laboratory

number of

nonmissing


00 3 -0.224 0.153 -0.524 0.076

01 3 -0.014 0.153 -0.314 0.286

02 3 0.319 0.153 0.019 0.619

03 3 -0.026 0.153 -0.326 0.274

04 3 -0.187 0.153 -0.487 0.112

05 3 -0.018 0.153 -0.318 0.282

06 3 -0.026 0.153 -0.325 0.274

07 3 0.031 0.153 -0.269 0.331

08 3 -0.058 0.153 -0.358 0.242

09 3 0.203 0.153 -0.097 0.503


94

3.9.8. Box-plot graphics Tyre H


95

3.10. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre J



00 3 5.746 0.020 0.350 0.040

01 3 5.532 0.015 0.267 0.030

02 3 5.904 0.017 0.294 0.035

03 3 5.613 0.025 0.451 0.051

04 3 5.570 0.016 0.289 0.032

05 3 5.855 0.020 0.344 0.040

06 3 5.587 0.015 0.271 0.030

07 3 5.861 0.017 0.298 0.035

08 3 5.745 0.059 1.027 0.118

09 3 5.850 0.023 0.395 0.046



5.723 5.768 4.303 5.696

5.516 5.549 4.303 5.496

5.885 5.924 4.303 5.861

5.585 5.642 4.303 5.550

5.551 5.588 4.303 5.530

5.832 5.878 4.303 5.805

5.569 5.604 4.303 5.549

5.841 5.880 4.303 5.817

5.679 5.812 4.303 5.599

5.824 5.876 4.303 5.792


96


5.796 0.050

5.569 0.037

5.947 0.043

5.676 0.063

5.610 0.040

5.905 0.050

5.624 0.038

5.904 0.043

5.892 0.147

5.907 0.057


Laboratory CEi CDi

00 0.21 5.95

01 21.27 3.22

02 17.90 4.43

03 7.23 9.46

04 13.89 3.83

05 9.41 5.97

06 11.04 3.38

07 10.21 4.49

08 0.21 51.39

09 8.64 7.88


Variable Cr









97


Variable Cr




Variable Cr



Laboratory

number of

nonmissing


00 3 0.019 0.133 -0.241 0.280

01 3 -0.194 0.133 -0.454 0.067

02 3 0.178 0.133 -0.083 0.438

03 3 -0.113 0.133 -0.374 0.148

04 3 -0.157 0.133 -0.417 0.104

05 3 0.129 0.133 -0.132 0.390

06 3 -0.140 0.133 -0.400 0.121

07 3 0.134 0.133 -0.126 0.395

08 3 0.019 0.133 -0.241 0.280

09 3 0.124 0.133 -0.137 0.384


98

3.10.8. Box-plot graphics Tyre J


99

3.11. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre K



00 3 6.534 0.012 0.178 0.023

01 3 6.637 0.028 0.418 0.056

02 3 6.792 0.015 0.222 0.030

03 3 6.527 0.021 0.319 0.042

04 3 6.459 0.000 0.000 0.000

05 3 6.717 0.026 0.393 0.053

06 3 6.533 0.015 0.232 0.030

07 3 6.792 0.027 0.393 0.053

08 3 6.580 0.044 0.662 0.087

09 3 7.081 0.015 0.216 0.031



6.520 6.547 4.303 6.505

6.605 6.668 4.303 6.568

6.775 6.809 4.303 6.755

6.503 6.551 4.303 6.475

6.459 6.459 4.303 6.459

6.688 6.747 4.303 6.652

6.516 6.550 4.303 6.496

6.762 6.822 4.303 6.726

6.531 6.630 4.303 6.472

7.063 7.098 4.303 7.043


100


6.563 0.029

6.706 0.069

6.830 0.038

6.579 0.052

6.459 0.000

6.783 0.066

6.571 0.038

6.858 0.066

6.689 0.108

7.119 0.038


Laboratory CEi CDi

00 5.55 2.53

01 0.26 14.43

02 5.18 4.27

03 6.12 8.11

04 13.67 0.00

05 0.88 13.05

06 5.58 4.31

07 5.15 13.34

08 2.31 35.56

09 55.30 4.39


Variable Cr









101


Variable Cr




Variable Cr



Laboratory

number of

nonmissing


00 3 -0.132 0.177 -0.478 0.215

01 3 -0.029 0.177 -0.375 0.318

02 3 0.127 0.177 -0.219 0.473

03 3 -0.138 0.177 -0.484 0.208

04 3 -0.206 0.177 -0.553 0.140

05 3 0.052 0.177 -0.294 0.399

06 3 -0.132 0.177 -0.478 0.214

07 3 0.127 0.177 -0.219 0.473

08 3 -0.085 0.177 -0.431 0.261

09 3 0.415 0.177 0.069 0.762


102

3.11.8. Box-plot graphics Tyre K


103

3.12. Results of interlaboratories tests on Coefficient of rolling resistance (Cr) – Tyre Y



00 3 7.435 0.040 0.543 0.081

01 3 7.624 0.035 0.455 0.069

02 3 7.830 0.015 0.193 0.030

03 3 7.509 0.020 0.267 0.040

04 3 7.400 0.021 0.280 0.041

05 3 7.621 0.030 0.390 0.059

06 3 7.511 0.021 0.280 0.042

07 3 7.617 0.038 0.504 0.077

08 3 7.571 0.021 0.277 0.042

09 3 7.720 0.017 0.222 0.034



7.389 7.481 4.303 7.335

7.585 7.663 4.303 7.538

7.812 7.847 4.303 7.792

7.486 7.531 4.303 7.459

7.377 7.424 4.303 7.349

7.588 7.655 4.303 7.547

7.487 7.535 4.303 7.458

7.574 7.661 4.303 7.522

7.547 7.595 4.303 7.519

7.701 7.740 4.303 7.678


104


7.535 0.100

7.710 0.086

7.867 0.038

7.558 0.050

7.452 0.051

7.695 0.074

7.563 0.052

7.713 0.095

7.623 0.052

7.763 0.043


Laboratory CEi CDi

00 14.74 21.95

01 1.08 16.24

02 40.24 3.08

03 3.77 5.40

04 22.42 5.78

05 0.93 11.87

06 3.56 5.97

07 0.75 19.84

08 0.11 5.91

09 12.39 3.97


Variable Cr









105


Variable Cr




Variable Cr



Laboratory

number of

nonmissing


00 3 -0.149 0.123 -0.389 0.091

01 3 0.040 0.123 -0.200 0.281

02 3 0.246 0.123 0.006 0.486

03 3 -0.075 0.123 -0.315 0.165

04 3 -0.183 0.123 -0.424 0.057

05 3 0.037 0.123 -0.203 0.278

06 3 -0.073 0.123 -0.313 0.167

07 3 0.034 0.123 -0.207 0.274

08 3 -0.013 0.123 -0.253 0.227

09 3 0.136 0.123 -0.104 0.377


106



107

4. Calculation of assigned values

1.1. Estimation of the variance of assigned values on corrected values for C1-C2 tyres

Batch Assigned

value Repeatabiliy

standard deviation Reproducibility

standard deviation Variance

Assigned values Standard deviation

Assigned values Number of

laboratories Number of repetitions

Inf Sup Laboratory

Variance

A 6.545 0.032 0.205 0.004 0.061 11 3 6.423 6.668 0.041

B 7.413 0.028 0.182 0.003 0.054 11 3 7.305 7.522 0.032

C 8.665 0.025 0.176 0.003 0.053 11 3 8.560 8.770 0.030

D 9.615 0.038 0.187 0.003 0.056 11 3 9.504 9.726 0.033

E 9.828 0.027 0.220 0.004 0.066 11 3 9.696 9.960 0.048

X 11.314 0.032 0.154 0.002 0.046 11 3 11.222 11.405 0.023

1.2. Estimation of the variance of assigned values on corrected values for C3 tyres

Batch Assigned

value Repeatabiliy

standard deviation Reproducibility

standard deviation Variance

Assigned values Standard deviation

Assigned values

Number of laboratories

Number of repetitions

Inf Sup Laboratory

Variance

F 3,812 0,018 0,081 0,001 0,025 10 3 3,762 3,863 0,006

G 4,770 0,026 0,190 0,004 0,060 10 3 4,650 4,889 0,035

H 5,394 0,026 0,163 0,003 0,051 10 3 5,292 5,496 0,026

J 5,726 0,026 0,142 0,002 0,044 10 3 5,638 5,815 0,019

K 6,665 0,023 0,187 0,003 0,059 10 3 6,547 6,783 0,034

Y 7,584 0,027 0,131 0,002 0,041 10 3 7,502 7,665 0,016


108

5. Regression functions

5.1. Regression functions for C1-C2 machines4 - Cr (N/kN)

Lab. Intercept

B1l

Standard

error

Intercept

Slope

A1l

Standard error

Slope

s

(Residual

standard

deviation)

R²

0 -0,5014 0,1661 1,0262 0,0179 0,1167 0,9949

1 0,1126 0,1352 1,0075 0,0153 0,1015 0,9961

2 -0,0324 0,1244 0,9993 0,0137 0,0919 0,9968

3 0,1727 0,1012 0,9777 0,0112 0,0765 0,9978

4 -0,2379 0,1010 1,0269 0,0112 0,0730 0,9980

5 0,4788 0,0705 0,9712 0,0080 0,0552 0,9988

6 0,5319 0,1185 0,9626 0,0134 0,0932 0,9967

7 0,3111 0,1079 0,9684 0,0120 0,0829 0,9974

8 -0,0185 0,0846 0,9762 0,0091 0,0626 0,9985

9 -0,5796 0,1517 1,0651 0,0168 0,1057 0,9958

10 -0,0889 0,0656 1,0007 0,0072 0,0483 0,9991

5.2. Regression functions for C3 machines5 – Cr (N/kN)

Lab. Intercept

B1l

Standard

error

Intercept

Slope

A1l

Standard error

Slope

s

(Residual

standard

deviation)

R²

0 0,0807 0,1035 1,0072 0,0183 0,0939 0,9944

1 0,0864 0,0891 0,9910 0,0155 0,0810 0,9959

2 -0,1642 0,0926 0,9916 0,0154 0,0807 0,9959

3 0,0502 0,0454 1,0066 0,0080 0,0411 0,9989

4 0,1538 0,0394 1,0057 0,0070 0,0363 0,9992

5 -0,0604 0,0657 1,0004 0,0112 0,0583 0,9979

6 0,0534 0,0654 1,0072 0,0115 0,0592 0,9978

7 -0,1406 0,0935 1,0069 0,0159 0,0818 0,9958

8 0,0899 0,0545 0,9918 0,0095 0,0496 0,9984

9 0,0236 0,1121 0,9630 0,0187 0,1007 0,9936

4 A1l and B1l are the coefficients defined in annex IVa of Regulation (EC) N° 1222/2009

5 A1l and B1l are the coefficients defined in annex IVa of Regulation (EC) N° 1222/2009


109

Annex E - Template for candidate / reference laboratory alignment

1. General information of Applicant (Candidate laboratory)

All the information included by the company in this form will be confidential.

Company: ________________________________________________________ Address: __________________________________________________________ City: _________________________________________ P.O. Box: ___________ Contact person: _______________________________ Position: _________________________ Telephone: ________________ Fax: __________________ E-mail: ________________________

a) Tyre manufacturer b) Independent laboratory

Is your company integrated in a Group? Yes No If yes, indicate which one: ____________________________________________________________ Candidate machine identification Trade Mark: _________________________ Serial number: ____________________ Test Lab location: ____________________ Year of make: _____________________ Date of last calibration: _________________

The laboratory is certified/accredited/compliant to ISO 17025

The facility is certified / compliant to ISO /TS 16949

The laboratory complies with the specifications of ISO 28580 Annex A on test equipment tolerances Drum Ø [mm]: _______________ Drum Surface: _______________ Drum material: _______________ Where to send the test tyres after testing: Address: __________________________________________________________ City: _________________________________________ P.O.Box:___________ Contact person:_______________________________ Test tyres provided:

Tyre type: C1/C2 C3

Method: Force Torque Power Deceleration Test results of the n+1 measurements (corrected for drum diameter and room temperature)

Tyre : Make - Size – Designation RRC1,c (kg/t)

RRC2,c (kg/t)

RRC3,c (kg/t)

RRC4,c (kg/t)

……… RRCn+1,c (kg/t)

Candidate machine measurement repeatability: m (kg/t): ______


110

2. General information of the Reference laboratory Company: ________________________________________________________ Address: __________________________________________________________ City: _________________________________________ P.O. Box: ___________ Contact person: _______________________________ Position: ______________________ Telephone: ________________ Fax: __________________ E-mail: _________________

a) Tyre manufacturer b) Independent laboratory Reference machine identification Trade Mark: _________________________ Serial number: ________________ Test Lab location: ____________________ Year of make: _________________ Date of last calibration: _________________

The laboratory is certified/accredited/compliant to ISO 17025

The facility is certified / compliant to ISO /TS 16949

The laboratory complies with the specifications of ISO 28580 Annex A on test equipment tolerances Drum Ø [mm]: _______________ Drum Surface: _______________ Drum material: _______________ Test characteristics:

Method: Force Torque Power Deceleration Test results, average of measurement 2 – 4, corrected for drum diameter and temperature:

Tyre : Make - Size – Designation

RRC2,l(kg/t) RRC 3,l(kg/t) RRC 4,l(kg/t) RRC avg. (kg/t)

3. Alignment equation

Regression formula6: RRC = aligned value (kg/t) RRCm,c = candidate’s measurement (kg/t)

RRC = a* RRCm,c + b a = _______ b = _______ a = A1l * A2c

b = A1l * B2c + B1l

Coefficient of determination7: R2 = _______

Date: _____________________________ Stamp and Signature: ________________________________ 6A1l , B1l, A2c and B2c are the coefficients defined in annex IVa of Regulation (EC) N° 1222/2009

RRC is the assigned value of the rolling resistance coefficient aligned to EU Reference.

RRCm,l is the individual measured value of the rolling resistance coefficient by the reference laboratory (l)

(including temperature and drum diameter corrections)

RRCm,c is the individual measured value of the rolling resistance coefficient by the candidate laboratory (c)

(including temperature and drum diameter corrections) 7Coefficient of determination R2 is defined as the sum of squares due to the regression divided by the total sum of squares. Usually,

R² is interpreted as representing the percentage of variation of the dependent variable explained by variation of the independent

variables.


111

Annex F - Proposal of guidance on how to handle the process of changing alignment equations, both for Reference and Candidate Laboratories

1. The applicable alignment equation is determined based on the measurement date:

A RR test result generated before Sept. 1st, 2017 will be aligned with the old equation and a test result

generated from Sept. 1st, 2017 will be aligned with the new equation.

2. If a Candidate Laboratory or another machine was aligned before 1st September 2017, its current

alignment equation is still valid during 2 years following its alignment report issue date.

3. If a validation check is done by a Testing service or another Test Laboratory from 1st September 2017

on a Label grade, it can be done according to the following multi-steps approach:

a. For validation test result generated from 1st September 2017

=> Apply the alignment equation applicable from 1st September 2017

After this first step (a) if the results confirm the level of the Label grade, the tyre is declared conform.

If the results do not confirm the level of the Label grade the second step (b) shall be applied.

b. If Label grade was originally based on an alignment report generated after 1st September 2017,

the tyre is declared non-conform and the procedure defined in annex IVa of Regulation (EC)

N° 1222/2009 shall be applied.

If Label grade was originally based on an alignment report generated before 1st September

2017 => Alignment equation applicable before 1st September 2017 will be applied to these

2017 validation results.

After this second step (b) if these new results confirm the level of the Label grade, the tyre is declared

conform.

If these new results do not confirm the level of the Label grade, the tyre is declared non-conform and

the procedure defined in annex IVa of Regulation (EC) N° 1222/2009 shall be applied.


112

Annex G – Draft of annex IVa and justification


113


114


115


116


117


118


119


120


121


122


123


124


125

Annex H: Draft Guideline for clarification of rules regarding the Candidate Laboratory alignment procedure applying for ANNEX IVa of Regulation 661/2009 - Laboratory alignment procedure for the measurement of rolling resistance.

Brussels, xx, yy, 2017

Guideline for clarification of rules regarding the Candidate Laboratory alignment

procedure applying for ANNEX IVa of Regulation 661/2009 - Laboratory alignment

procedure for the measurement of rolling resistance

SCOPE

This guideline is prepared in order to clarify the process for candidate laboratory alignments

and reflects findings described in the Final Report - Review study on the Regulation (EC) No

1222/2009 on the labelling of tyres, March 2016, prepared for: European Commission, DG

ENER C.3, Brussels, Belgium,

including the proposal for amendment of Annex IVa of the Tyre Labelling Regulation

suggested by the Expert Group on laboratory alignment of tyre rolling resistance installed

under Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009, in order to increase the accuracy and reproducibility if

the rolling resistance tests.

DEFINITIONS to be aligned with new ISO 28580

For the purpose of the laboratory alignment procedure, the following definitions apply:

(1) "Reference laboratory" means a laboratory that is part of the network of laboratories,

the name of which have been published for the purpose of the alignment procedure in

the Official Journal of the European Union, and is able to achieve the accuracy of test

results determined in section 3 with his reference machine;

(2) "Candidate laboratory" means a laboratory participating in the alignment procedure

that is not a reference laboratory;

(3) "Alignment tyre" means a tyre that is tested for the purpose of performing the

alignment procedure; (4) "Alignment tyres set" means a set of five or more

alignment tyres for the alignment of one single machine;

(5) "Assigned value" means a theoretical value of the Rolling Resistance Coefficient of

one alignment tyre as measured by a theoretical laboratory which is representative of

the network of reference laboratories that is used for the alignment procedure;

(6) “Machine” means every tyre testing spindle with one specific measurement method.

For example, two spindles acting on the same drum shall not be considered as one

machine.

EUROPEAN COMMISSION

Brussels, XXX

[…](2011) XXX draft

COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No …/..

of XXX

amending Regulation (EC) No 1222/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council

with regard to the wet grip grading of tyres, the measurement of rolling resistance and

the verification procedure

(Text with EEA relevance)


126

PRINCIPLE

The measured (m) Rolling Resistance Coefficient obtained by a machine in a candidate

laboratory (c), RRCm,c , shall be aligned through one reference laboratory of the network of its

choice.

CLARIFICATIONS ON TYRE SELECTION REQUIREMENTS

A set of five or more alignment tyres shall be selected for the alignment procedure in

compliance with the criteria below. One set shall be selected for C1 and C2 tyres together,

and one set for C3 tyres.

(a) The set of alignment tyres shall be selected so as to cover the range of different RRCs

of C1 and C2 tyres together, or of C3 tyres. In any event, the difference between the

highest RRCm of the tyre set, and the lowest RRCm of the tyre set shall be, before and

after alignment, at least equal to

(i) 3 kg/t for C1 and C2 tyres, and

(ii) 2 kg/t for C3 tyres.

(b) The RRCm in the candidate or reference laboratories (RRCm,c or RRCm,l) based on

declared RRC values of each alignment tyre of the set shall be distributed uniformly.

(c) Load index values shall adequately cover the range of the tyres to be tested, ensuring

that the Rolling Resistance Force (RRF) values also cover the range of the tyres to be

tested.

Each alignment tyre shall be checked prior to use and replaced when:

(a) it shows a condition which makes it unusable for further tests, and/or

(b) there are deviations of RRCm,c or RRCm,l greater than [1.5] per cent relative to earlier

measurements after correction for any machine drift. (To be monitored)

CLARIFICATIONS ON THE PROCEDURE FOR THE ALIGNMENT OF A

CANDIDATE LABORATORY

The candidate or reference laboratory shall calculate:

(a) the measured value of each alignment tyre for each measurement as specified in

Annex 6, paragraphs 6.2 and 6.3, of UNECE Regulation No 117 and its subsequent

amendments (i.e. corrected for a temperature of 25°C and a drum diameter of 2 m),

(b) the mean value of the three last measurements (2,3,4 in the case of reference

laboratories) or the n last measured values (2 to n+1 in the case of candidate

laboratories) of each alignment tyre, and

(c) the standard deviation (σm) as follows:


127

1

2

21

2

,,,

1

1

1 n

j

n

j

jijiim Crn

Crn

where:

i is the counter from 1 to p for the alignment tyres

j is the counter from 2 to n+1 for the n last repetitions of each measurement of a given

alignment tyre

n+1 is the number of repetitions of tyre measurements (n+1=4 for reference laboratories and

n+1 ≥4 for candidate laboratories)

p is the number of alignment tyres (p ≥ 5).

One reference laboratory (l) of the network shall calculate the linear regression function on all

individual data of the candidate laboratory (c). The regression coefficients, A2c and B2c, shall

be calculated as follows:

RRCm,l = A2c x RRCm,c + B2c

where:

RRCm,l is the individual measured value of the rolling resistance coefficient by the reference laboratory

(l) (including temperature and drum diameter corrections)

RRCm,c is the individual measured value of the rolling resistance coefficient by the candidate laboratory

(c) (including temperature and drum diameter corrections).

If the coefficient2 of determination R² is lower than 0.97 the candidate laboratory shall not be

aligned.

The aligned RRC of tyres tested by the candidate laboratory is calculated as follows:

RRC = (A1l x A2c ) x RRCm,c + (A1l x B2c + B1l). __________________________________________________________________________________ 2 Coefficient of determination R² is defined as the sum of squares due to the regression divided by the

total sum of squares. Usually, R² is interpreted as representing the percentage of variation of the

dependent variable explained by variation of the independent variables.

CLARIFICATIONS ON REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO CANDIDATE

LABORATORIES

Candidate laboratories shall repeat the alignment procedure at least once every second year

for every machine and always after any significant machine change or any drift in machine

control tyre monitoring data.

A common set of at least five different tyres, conforming to the selection requirements as

specified above shall be measured in accordance with the requirements of the procedure

specified in ANNEX IVa of Regulation 661/2009, firstly by the candidate laboratory and later

on by one reference laboratory. More than five alignment tyres may be tested at the request of

the candidate laboratory.

p

i

immp 1

,21


128

The alignment tyre set shall be provided by the candidate laboratory to the selected reference

laboratory.

The candidate laboratory (c) shall comply with the specifications of Annex 6 of UNECE

Regulation No117 and its subsequent amendments and preferably have standard deviations

(σm) as follows:

(i) not greater than 0.075 kg/t for C1 and C2 tyres, and

(ii) not greater than 0.060 kg/t for C3 tyres.

If the standard deviation (σm) of the candidate laboratory is higher than the above values with

four measurements, the last three ones being used for the computations, then the number n+1

of measurement repetitions shall be increased as follows for the entire batch of tires:

n +1 = 1+(σm/γ)2 , rounded up to the nearest higher integer value

where:

γ = 0.043 kg/t for Class C1 and C2 tyres

γ = 0.035 kg/t for Class C3 tyres.

Report from the Expert Group on laboratory alignment for ... · Report from the Expert Group on laboratory alignment for the measurement of tyre rolling resistance installed under

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