RA Ministry of Nature Protection “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799 REPORT Energy Audit in the multi‐ apartment building # 2 Mush‐2 district, Gyumri, Republic of Armenia Experts Artur Tsughunyan (Contract: LTA No: 2011 ‐ 011) Tigran Sekoyan (Contract: IC No: 2012 ‐ 024) Yerevan 2012
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RA Ministry of Nature Protection
“Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
REPORT
Energy Audit
in the multi‐ apartment building # 2
Mush‐2 district, Gyumri, Republic of Armenia
Experts Artur Tsughunyan (Contract: LTA No: 2011 ‐ 011) Tigran Sekoyan (Contract: IC No: 2012 ‐ 024)
Yerevan 2012
Developed for: “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” UNDP‐GEF/00059937 Project
The purpose of the task is to perform energy audit (study) of the selected multi‐apartment building, compile energy passport of the building, analyze its energy consumption and thermal‐techical indicators. The selected buildling wil serve as base line for assessment of energy performance of demonstration building in Akhuryan community of Shirak marz.
1 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
Contents The methodology used ........................................................................................................................... 2
General information about the building ................................................................................................. 5
Building envelope.................................................................................................................................... 5
Consumption and metering of fuel/energy ............................................................................................ 6
Analysis of the building’s energy indicators ........................................................................................... 7
Energy passport ...................................................................................................................................... 9
Summary and Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 10
Annex 2. Graphical representations and averaged datas on inside air temperatures in the heated apartments where thermometers were placed during the study period ............................................ 12
Annex 3. Building technical passport .................................................................................................... 30
Annex 4. Building envelope details ....................................................................................................... 32
Annex 5. Energy Consumption in building, broken down by the type of end uses for every appartment ........................................................................................................................................... 33
Annex 6. Information about household heating appliances................................................................. 40
Annex 7. Study and calculation of adjusted heat transfer resistance (R‐value) of building envelope . 41
Annex 8. Building energy passport ....................................................................................................... 45
Annex 9. Energy efficiency label ........................................................................................................... 50
Drawing 1. Location of building ............................................................................................................ 52
Drawing 2. The general plan of the building ......................................................................................... 53
2 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
The goal and implementation procedure of the energy audit
The goal of the energy audit is to conduct an energy efficiency study of a multi‐
apartment building, to prepare an energy passport of the building and to make an analysis
of the energy consumption and thermal and technical indicators of the building.
The multi‐apartment building # 2 in “Mush‐2” district of the city of Gyumri was
selected as an object of the study because one of the demo designs of the UNDP‐GEF
Project is going to be implemented in the building under construction with the same 4A type
standard design and in the same climate zone in the community of Akhurian in Shirak
region. The selected building will serve as a baseline for the evaluation of the results of the
demo building design.
The following was undertaken during the energy audit:
a) Visual inspection,
b) Collection and evaluation of preliminary data; preparation of a technical passport
of the building,
c) Parameters instrumental measurement and calculation,
d) Analysis of the building energy performance indicators,
e) Compose the energy passport of the building,
f) Putting together and summing up a conclusion,
g) Drawing up a report of the energy audit.
The methodology applied
At present the main norm‐setting legal Act that regulates energy efficiency sphere in
the Republic of Armenia is the “Procedure for Energy Audit” approved by the Armenian
Government Decree 1399‐N on August 31, 2006 and revised by Decree 1105‐N on August 4,
2011, a multi‐sector (intended primarily for production enterprises), including in terms of
evaluation of the use of fuel and energy resources in a building There are also standards of
Armenia, the list of which is presented in Annex 1. At present, the methodology for
undertaking an Energy Audit in the buildings is non‐existent.
Energy efficiency parameters to be addressed during the building design and
construction stages are set in RA Construction Norms RACN II‐7.02‐95 “Construction
thermophysics of building envelope; design norms” (CNMII‐7.102‐98 “Manual on RACNII‐
70.2‐95 Construction thermophysics of building envelope”).
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The primary and most important issue in enhancing energy efficiency of buildings is
introduction of the buildings energy passports system (the idea of which is not included in
the RA Construction Norms II‐7.02‐95), whereas preparing an energy passport of the
building and determining an energy efficiency category (energy efficiency certificate) on that
basis are among main goals of an Energy Audit.
The absence of an energy passport of the building is equal to energy consumption
without metering. Therefore it is necessary to bring construction norms in line with the
requirements of the harmonized and revised versions of the Inter‐Governmental Building
Code on thermal protection of buildings (MSN 24‐01‐2011 “Thermal Protection of
Buildings”) and of the EU standards, while at the same time to set up a full‐fledged
competent body for certification of persons undertaking Energy Audits and to design
standard report forms for Energy Audits in buildings.
An energy passport incorporates all the necessary parameters for assessing energy
performance of the building. An energy passport of a residential building is intended for
certifying compliance of the building energy efficiency specific performance as well as of
other specific indicators and building envelope thermo protective qualities with indicators
required by norms.
An energy passport is composed at buildings’ design, reconstruction, renovation,
inspection, putting into operation, and energy efficiency category determination
(classification) stages. An energy passport of the building already in operation (as built) is
prepared on the basis of the findings of an energy audit (as well as on the basis of technical
stocktaking, factual studies and measurements).
Within the framework of the “Improving Energy Efficiency in Buildings” UNDP‐
GEF/00059937 Project, targeted activities are consistently carried out with a view to solving
the problem of energy efficiency of multi‐apartment buildings, in particular:
• Elimination of existing obstacles in the legal framework,
• Establishment of enforcement mechanisms that stimulate the application of
relevant legislation, which sets energy efficient construction requirements,
• Creation of a statistical and qualitative data base on energy consumption,
• Elaboration of norms and legal Acts for certification and methodologies for
conducting energy audit
4 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
• Elaboration/improvement of standards and calculation methodology for
assessment of energy performance.
The following preliminary activities were undertaken during the energy audit in
multi‐apartment building # 2 in Mush‐2 district of the city of Gyumri. Residents received
appropriate written notifications about the study.
Questionnaires were drawn up, which were filled out simultaneously with the
installation of temperature‐recording portable devices (HOBO data loggers) in each
apartment. A copy of the questionnaire is presented in Annex 2.
Energy use data were collected at the site on the basis of natural gas and electric
energy meters readings and of the utilities bills presented by residents.
In the course of the study (that was undertaken from 20 November 2011 to 26
January 2012) 51 temperature‐ and air relative humidity‐recording portable devices (HOBO
Data Loggers) were installed in the building’s apartments and outside surroundings. The
recorded data was used as a basis for calculating air temperature in particular spaces, areas,
rooms, entirely inside the apartments and building; relative humidity of air and the dew
point temperatures were registered randomly/selectively. The averaged data, which were
collected through those devices, and their graphical representation, broken down by
apartments, are comprised in Annex 3. The averaged picture for heated apartments is
presented in Fig.3.
Fig. 1. External look of the devices that record temperature and relative humidity of air (HOBO)
5 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
General information about the building
The design of the building is typical and replicable. It is a 4 storey building with a
ferroconcrete load‐bearing frame, 3 entrances, 2.177 square meters of total surface area
and 36 (1, 2 and 3 room) apartments. The building was constructed within the framework of
the State housing program for the families that lost their homes as a result of the 1988
earthquake. The building was put into operation in 2010.
The building location plan is presented in Drawing 1.
The building is managed by “Gyumri kentron” condominium, which has a territorial
office in the district. All apartments are electricity, natural gas and water consumers;
however, not all of them are equipped with permanent individual stationary devices for
heating and/or for hot water supply.
The technical passport of the building is presented in Annex 4.
The general plan of the building (by floors, main area dimensions, etc.) is presented
in Drawing 2.
In terms of the construction quality, residents’ discontent was primarily over
humidity in apartments’ walls, windows and ceilings (caused by various construction‐ and
operation‐related defects) as well as failure of heating devices, sanitary ware and
malfunctioning of smoke ducts and sewage system.
Some apartments in the building were renovated and reconstructed; that was taken
into consideration during the study.
Building envelope
Gyumri is one of the coldest locations in Armenia. A standard length of a heating
season is 188 days; outdoor design temperature is – 250 C. An average outdoor design
temperature over the heating season is – 2.40 C; the number of degree‐days is 4.211.
The required values of the heat transfer resistance of envelopes in the buildings that
are constructed in such climatic zone are presented in Table 1.
6 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
Table 1. The required values of the heat transfer resistance of building envelope
Building envelope The required values (0C . m2 /W)
Under RA Construction Norms II‐7.02‐95
Under IGCN 24‐01‐2011
Walls 3.08 2.87 Roofs and coverings that insulate from outdoor air
4.31 4.31
Coverings of cold basements and attic floors
4.01 3.80
Windows, balcony doors 0.47 0.47
According to the design, external walls of the buildings are 3‐layer and made of 200
mm and 100 mm‐thick reinforced concrete blocks; a 150‐mm airspace layer between them
is filled with scoria that has bulk density of about 400 kg/m3.
Double glazed windows and external (balcony, entrance) doors are locally produced
and have 60 mm‐wide metal‐plastic frames.
The thermal insulation for the upper floor (attic) ceiling covering was envisaged to be
a 300 mm‐thick layer of scoria; however, in reality a 20 mm‐thick layer of foam plastic and
up to 100 mm‐thick layer of scoria were installed.
The building does not have a basement. Thermal insulation is not envisaged for
pillars and beams inside external walls and for balconies’ concrete slabs. The details of the
external envelope of the building are presented in Annex 5.
Consumption and metering of fuel/energy
Consumption of all fuel/energy (electricity and natural gas) in the building is metered
at an apartment level.
The analysis of actual consumption of fuel/energy in the building (according to the
data for years 2010‐2011) shows that annually heating accounted for the largest share
(50%) of fuel/energy consumption followed by hot water supply (24%), cooking (10%) and
lighting and household appliances (16%).
7 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
Fig. 2. Consumption of fuel/energy in the building, broken down by the type of end uses
Data on fuel/energy consumption broken down by types and apartments are
presented in Annex 6.
Heating is mainly implemented with individual boilers using natural gas (78%), also
with various types of electric heaters (16%) and gas stoves, etc. (6%).
Hot water for household needs is primarily obtained through individual gas boilers
(86.2%), gas stoves (9.6%) and electric devices (4.2%). Data on heating devices installed in
apartments are presented in Annex 7.
Home lighting in all apartments is done primarily with incandescent light bulbs, while
the use of energy‐saving light bulbs is negligible.
Analysis of the building’s energy indicators
A comfort level of heating of the entire building is as low as 43%. Actual inside air
temperature (considering the entire building) was measured and calculated to be 6.90C
(portable devices were not installed in the entrances; however, measurements were taken
during visits; according to those measurements, an average temperature was +10C)
compared to the required norm of 19.40C (the required norms for apartments and
entrances are 200C and 160C respectively). The reason is residents’ insolvency and social
vulnerability. There are 13 apartments that are not heated (not currently inhabited)
Thermometers (HOBO data loggers) were placed in one of those 13 apartments and the
data registered by the thermometers were averaged and projected for the other not heated
apartments.
50%
16%
24%
10%
heating lighting, household appliances hot water cooking
8 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
Data on actual and required standard temperatures and comfort levels in
apartments and staircases are presented below in Table 2.
Apartments in the building are for the most part heated partially, with only kitchen
or one room heated (in some apartments there is no partition between the kitchen and the
room; they are separated from each other by pieces of furniture placed by residents).
Table 2. Data on temperatures in various areas of the building
Areas of the building Volume, in m3
Average temperature °C
Actual Required
Apartments 4,935 7.6 20
Apartments and staircases 5,519 6.9 19.4
Heated apartments (16) 2,172 11.7 20
Partially heated apartments (7) 1,030 5.2 20
Not heated apartments (13*) 1,733 3.9 20
* The apartments were considered as not heated if their average monthly energy consumption in winter did not exceed their average monthly energy consumption in summer
Fig. 3. Graphical representation of averaged data on inside air temperatures in the heated apartments where thermometers were placed
Data on adjusted heat transfer resistance (R‐value) of the external envelope of the
building were obtained in several ways:
• by a calculation method, as per design and recorded values (energy passport),
• by a device (of the SENSMEE STM200U type) for measuring heat transfer in building
envelope,
• By retrospective calculation, as per data, which are averaged for the building, on
consumption of fuel/energy for heating in the building (readings of natural gas and
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
OC
time
Inside air temperature in apartments
kitchen
bedroom 1
bedroom 2
living room
corridor
9 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
electric meters) and on temperatures measured in various areas of the building with
HOBO devices.
Also research was done using Testo 875‐2 thermal infrared camera.
Fig. 4. External look of Testo 875‐2 thermal infrared camera
Study results and calculations on adjusted heat transfer resistance (R‐value) of the
external envelope of the building are presented in Annex 8.
Energy passport
Values of comprehensive energy efficiency and thermal technical indicators are stated in four rows in an energy passport of the building:
Required values
Indicators’ values as to RA Construction Norms II‐7.02‐95 “Construction thermophysics of building envelopes; design norms.” under a 100% comfort level (200C temperature is maintained inside the building; the entire building is heated throughout the heating season of 188 days in Gyumri)
Design values Indicators’ values set by the design for a 100% comfort level (200C temperature is maintained inside the building; the entire building is heated throughout the heating season of 188 days in Gyumri)
Actual normalized values
Indicators’ values set by as built constructed building and a 100% comfort level (200C temperature is maintained inside the building; the entire building is heated throughout the heating season of 188 days in Gyumri)
Actual values Indicators’ values set by as built constructed building and a actual comfort level
The energy passport of the building # 2 in Mush‐2 district of the city of Gyumri is presented in Annex 9.
10 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
Summary and Conclusions
• The values of adjusted heat transfer resistance (R‐value) of all external constructions of the building envelope do not meet the required norms.
• Heat losses from the building envelope (by construction types) are not distributed equally; there are numerous thermal bridges.
• Occupancy rate of the building (apartments operating during the heating season) is 65%, with 44% being entirely heated and 21% partially. 35% of the apartments in the building currently are not occupied and not heated, thereby lowering the comfort level in the entire building.
• Common‐use areas are not heated either; however, due to doors and windows in the halls the temperature is around +10C.
• Annually, primary energy consumption in the building is as follows: heating (50%), hot water supply (24%), lighting, household appliances and office equipment (16%), and cooking (10%).
• Heating is provided through individual boilers using natural gas (78%), various types of electric heating devices (16%) and gas stoves (6%).
• An actual comfort level of heating in the building (including common‐use areas) is 43% of the required standard value.
• The amount of energy used for heating under the existing, lower‐than‐required level of comfort in the building and given the actual (R‐value) would suffice to ensure a 100% comfort level in case the required values of heat transfer resistance are secured.
• The potential for primary energy saving in heating the building (the difference between the actual normalized values and the required values) will amount to 234,080 kWh/year (for 92% of thermal efficiency for boilers and for 8,000 kcal/nm3 calorific value of natural gas) or to 25,200 nm3 of natural gas per year or 28.7 tons of equivalent fuel per year.
• The potential for CO2 emissions reduction will be 48 tons annually.
• Energy performance class of the building is D (as to IGCN 24‐01‐2011 “Thermal protection of buildings”), i.e. it is desirable that the building should be reconstructed since designing a building of that category is impermissible [According to the Armenian standard based on the European standard EN 15217:2007, it corresponds to energy performance class G, which is used to designate building with the lowest energy performance]. The energy certificates of the building are presented in Annex 10.
11 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
Annexes
Annex 1.
Questionnaire
Questions Answers
1 City 2 Name 3 Phone 4 Address 5 Apartment 6 Floor 7 Аpartment heating season beginning 8 Apartment area 9 Residents number
10 Heating type (natural gas, electricity etc.)
11 Heating appliance type, performance 12 Heating appliance power 13 Number of heated rooms
14 Number of radiator by rooms
15 Hot water production
16 Fuel type used for cooking 17 Additional thermal insulation 18 Additional heating appliances/power/fuel type
Meter reading Beginning of study End of the study
19 Natural gas
20 Electricity 21 Water
12 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
Annex 2.
Graphical representations and averaged datas on inside air temperatures in the heated apartments where thermometers were placed during the study period
29 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
‐10.00
‐5.00
0.00
5.00
10.00
OC
time
Temperature
North
South
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
%
time
Relative Humidity
North
South
‐12.00
‐10.00
‐8.00
‐6.00
‐4.00
OC
time
Dew Point
North
South
30 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
Annex 3.
Building technical passport
Mush‐2 district, # 2 , Gyumri, Republic of Armenia
Date of commissioning 2010
Number of floors 4
Number of entrances 3
Volume of the building, m3 6531
Heigh, m 12
Total area of the construction, m2 2177
Total area of apartments, m2 1514
Total area of uninhabited areas, m2 663
The land area required for the maintenance of the building, m2 600
1. Number of apartments 36
1. single room 16
2. double room 12
3. three‐room 8
2. Numbers of uninhabited constructions ‐
Description of the buildings and property of the Common Use
3. Basement Reinforced concrete belt
4. Pillars and beams Reinforced concrete
5. Walls Sand‐mortar mixture/tufa coating, 200 mm concrete block,
clinker layer, 150 mm concrete block, alabaster
31 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
6. Ceilings and floors Precast reinforced concrete panel
7. Layered rubber‐metallic supporting construcitons for seismic insulation ‐
8. Basement, technical floor and attic exists
9. Roofs and roof drainage equipment sloping rafter and sheet roof
10. Entrances, stairways and stairwells 3 entrances
11. Garbage chutes ‐
12. Airwells, air outlets and chimneys of exhaust ventilation envisaged for complex service and common use in multi‐apartment building
Air outlets Chimneys
13. Elevators, household heating boilers, air conditioners and fans, and other appliances envisaged for complex service and common use in multi‐apartment building
Household gas boiler
14. Engineering networks envisaged for complex service and common use in multi‐apartment building Water supply, sanitation, power supply and natural gas supply
32 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
Annex 4.
Building envelope details
layer type thickness, mm coefficient of conduction, Watt/(m2*OC)
Walls
1 tufa/sand‐mortar mixture 20 0.52/0.97
2 sand‐mortar mixture 30 0.97
3 concrete block 200 0.85
4 clinker 150 0.29
5 concrete block 100 0.85
6 alabaster 20 0.41
Beams and pillars
1 tufa/sand‐mortar mixture 20 0.52/0.97
2 sand‐mortar mixture 30 0.97
3 Reinforced concrete 400 1.92
4 alabaster 20 0.41
First floor flooring
1 clinker 100 0.29
2 Reinforced concrete 150 1.92
3 sand‐mortar mixture 50 0.76
4 parquet 30 0.23
Attic Covering
1 clinker 300 0.29
2 Reinforced concrete panel 220 0.85
3 alabaster 20 0.41
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Annex 5.
Energy Consumption in building, broken down by the type of end uses for every apartment
Monthly consumption of natural gas for 2010‐2011, nm3
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Annex 6.
Information about household heating appliances
Apa
rtmen
t
Floo
r
2011
‐2012թ
be
ginn
ing of
heating season
Num
ber of
reside
nts
The main he
ating
device
Number of radiators, according to the room
Add
itiona
l heating
de
vices
Living
roo
m
Kitche
n
Bedroo
m 1
Bedroo
m 2
Corridor
Bathroom
3 1 November 1 1 Ariston Egis 24 CF 12 5 8 not heated 10 not heated
4 2 November 1 3 Ariston Egis 24 CF 13 5 8
5 2 November 1 1 Ariston Egis 24 CF 10 5 10 5
6 2 November 1 1 Ariston Egis 24 CF 12 5 8 not heated 10 not heated Electric heater
7 3 November 1 4 Ariston Egis 24 CF 13 5 10 3
8 3 November 1 2 Ariston Egis 24 CF 10 5 10
12 4 November 10 4 Mercury 24 10 5 10 10 Electric heater
13 1 November 1 2 Ariston Egis 24 CF 12 10 Electric heater
14 1 October 20 4 Ariston Egis 24 CF 20 6 8 6 Electric heater
15 1 November 1 1 Ariston Egis 24 CF Electric heater
17 2 November 1 5 Ariston Egis 24 CF 14 6 8 6
19 4 October 25 1 Ariston Egis 24 CF 12 10 Electric heater
24 4 November 1 4 Ariston Egis 24 CF 13 5 7 Electric heater
25 1 November 10 4 Ariston Egis 24 CF 14 5 10 Electric heater
26 1 November 1 1 Ariston Egis 24 CF 10 5 10 Electric heater
30 2 November 1 2 Ariston Egis 24 CF 12 6 10 10 Electric heater
31 3 November 1 4 Ariston Egis 24 CF 13 6 10 Electric heater
34 4 October 25 3 Ariston Egis 24 CF 10 5 10
36 4 November 1 6 Ariston Egis 24 CF 10 6 10 10
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Annex 7
Study and calculation of adjusted heat transfer resistance (R‐value) of building envelope
The actual normalized values of heat transfer resistance of envelope of the 4A type multi‐apartment building # 2 in Mush‐2 district of the city of Gyumri were determined and tested in several ways:
a) Geometrical parameters (surface area, material and thickness of the layer) were measured for each type of as built part of the envelope. Both design1 and reference2 data were used for calculation. As a result, the total adjusted heat transfer resistance (R‐value) of
building envelopes was Rtotalbuild.envel..= 1.55 (m2∙օC/W), which is almost twice lower than the
required value of the indicator. b) The total adjusted heat transfer resistance (R‐value) of building envelope was also
studied with SENSMEE STM200U device that measures heat transfer though building envelope. The findings are presented in the table below:
Unit of measurement Walls Windowpane
Heat transfer coefficient U value W/ m2∙օC 0.65 0.93
heat transfer resistance R value m2∙օC/W 1.54 1.08
Ambient temperature Out ОC ‐0.2 ‐0.2 Envelope internal surface average temperature
T123 ОC 11.5 11.3
Air temperature inside the building T4 ОC 13.25 13.25
Fig. 7.1 SENSMEE STM200U device that measures adjusted heat transfer resistance (R‐value)
c) The total adjusted heat transfer resistance (R‐value) of building envelope was also checked by work‐back calculation as per data, which were averaged for the building (for one winter month), on consumption of fuel/energy for heating in the building (readings of natural gas and electric meters; non‐thermal energy consumption was taken into
1 No dismantling of constructions was undertaken. 2 Laboratory tests of thermal conductivity of samples of the materials were not conducted.
42 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
consideration) and on temperatures measured with portable devices that register temperatures (HOBO):
Designation Unit of
measurement Value
Heat energy consumed Q kWh/month 20,123
Average air temperature inside the building tinside °C 6.9
Average ambient temperature toutside °C ‐4.7
Number of heating days n day 30
Specific degree/day value D ՕC∙day 347
Total heat transfer resistance (R‐value) R m2∙օC/Watt 1.26
The difference in the total heat transfer resistance values of versions a) and c) amounts to 18.7%, which is regarded as satisfactory considering the category of indicators and devices used as well as their accuracy and a large number of measurements. Nevertheless, it was recommended to assume and fill in the energy passport values calculated in the version a) because it is seen as more trustworthy [numerous devices were used in version c) (readings of natural gas and electric meters for all months and numerous readings of temperatures measured by portable devices HOBO); interpolation and arithmetical averaging calculations as well as expansion of the observed values range were made, etc.].
Besides the above‐mentioned versions the building envelopes were studied with infrared camera (thermal imager). Color images of thermal bridges and unequal distribution of thermal losses from building’s walls (as per types of construction), windows and doors in balconies and staircases and from ferroconcrete pillars and beams, etc. are clearly visible on the pictures below.
43 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
d) Pictures taken with a thermal imager (infrared camera Testo 875‐2)
44 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
45 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
Annex 8.
Building energy passport
1. General information
Passport elaboration date 25.04.2012
Address #2 bldng, Mush 2 district, Gyumri, RA
Project designer �Arxiton� Ltd.
Address and phone number of designer Nalbandyan 25a, 30 appt., Yerevan (010) 55 24 73
Design code ‐
Destination of the building, series residential, 4
Number of floors and sections 4 floor, 3 sections
Number of apartments 36 apartment
Estimated number of residents or employees ‐
Accommodation on the construction area separated
Constructive solution skeleton‐type frame building reinforced concrete
2. Design conditions
Index name Index Unit of measure Design value Actual value
1 Design outdoor temperature tout °C ‐25 ‐25
2 Average outdoor temperature during the heating season Taverage °C ‐2.4 ‐2.4
3 Duration of the heating season zdd day/year 188 188
4 Degree*days of heating season Dd °C ∙day/year 4 211 1 748
5 Design indoor temperature Tins °C 20 6.9
6 Design temperature of attic Tattic °C
7 Design temperature of cellar Tcellar °C
46 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
3. Geometric indexes
Index name Index Unit of measure Design values
8 Total area of floors Atotal m2 2 176.64
9 Inhabited area Ares m2 1 514.4
10 Calculated area (for public buildings) Acalc m2 ‐
11 Heated volume Vheat m3 6 529.92
12 Glazing ratio f
0,17
13 Index of the compactness Kcompactness 0,46
14 Total area of building envelope Aenvelope m2 3 032.15
Including.
– facade Afacade m2 1 943.83
– external walls (separated by type) Awall1 m2 1 617.13
19 Tariff of thermal energy for designed building Сprice AMD/kWh ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
20 Unit price heating appliance and connection to the heating network in the area of construction
Сheat AMD /(kWh/year) ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
21 Specific return from unit energy saving Wreturn AMD /(kWh/year) ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐
6. Unit indexes
Index name Index Unit of measure Required values Design values Actual normalized
values Actual values
22 Specific performance factor of heat‐shielding Kheat‐shielding W/(m3∙°C) 0.22 0.48 0.53 0.57
23 Specific performance factor of ventilation Kventilation W/(m3∙°C) 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08
24 Specific performance factor of household heat release Khousehold W/(m3∙°C) 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.26
25 Specific performance factor of solar radiation heat inputs Kradiation W/(m3∙°C) 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07
49 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
7. Coefficients
Index name Index Required values
26 Efficiency factor of heating self‐regulation ζ 0.5
27 The factor considering decrease in heat consumption of residential buildings in the presence of the every apartment accounting of thermal energy on heating
ξ 0
28 Efficiency factor of recuperator (heat recovery) Krecovery 0
29 Coefficient accounting for decrease in use of heat inputs during their exceeding the heat losses ν 0.78
30 Coefficient accounting for additional heat losses from heating system bh 1.05
8. Complex Energy Efficiency Indexes
Index name Index Unit of measure Required values Design values Actual normalized
values Actual values
32 Estimated specific performance factor for heating and ventilation in heating season qestimated W/(m3∙°C) W/(m2∙°C)
0.243 0.516 0.57 0.55
33 Standardized specific performance factor for heating and ventilation in heating season
qstandardized W/(m3∙°C) W/(m2∙°C)
0.359 0.359 0.359 0.359
34 Energy efficiency class (category) A D D
35 The compliance of the building’s design with the requirements of the existing norms on thermal protection
yes no no no
9. The energy load of the building
Index name Index Unit of measure Required values Design values Actual normalized
values Actual values
35 Specific consumption of heat energy for heating and ventilation purposes during heating season
q kWh/m3∙year 25 52 58 25
kWh/m2∙year 74 157 173 74
36 Consumption of heat energy for heating and ventilation purposes during heating season
37 Total heat loss during heating season Qannualtotal kWh/m∙year 199 579 371 071 404 679 191 461
50 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
Annex 9.
Energy efficiency label
The energy efficiency class of the building was set according to requirements of two
normative documents. 1. The energy efficiency class of the building was set according to MSN 24‐01‐2011
“Thermal Protection of Buildings” intergovernmental building code
Pic.1. Energy label according to the МСН 24‐01‐2011 intergovernmental building code
51 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
2. The energy efficiency class of the building was set according to HST EN 15217:2007 “Energy performance of buildings ‐ Methods for expressing energy performance and for energy certification of buildings” building code
Pic.2. Energy label according to the HST EN 15217:2007 building code
52 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799
Drawings
Drawing 1. Location of building
53 “Armenia – Improving the Energy Efficiency of Municipal Heating and Hot Water Supply” UNDP‐GEF/00035799