Renewable and energy efficient technologies

Renewable and Energy

Efficient Technologies

by EfficientCarbon

www.efficientcarbon.wordpress.com

Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]

© efficientcarbon, All rights reserved

A few basic guidelines

• 2 hr session

– 45 mins for theory

– 15 mins of Q&A (at the end of theory)

– 1 hr of demo/activity

– Some climate change videos if time permits

• Maximum Participation

• Tell us if we are boring you to sleep

http://www.efficientcarbon.wordpress.com/

mailto:[email protected]


Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


Agenda• The current situation

– Fossil Fuels - Greenhouse Gases

– How Global Warming Works

– Climate Change and India

• The Carbon Economy Equation

• Technologies for the future

– Solar

• The science behind the Solar Cell

• What is the world upto

• Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications

– LED

• The basics – science, fabrication and coloring

• Advantages, Disadvantages and Applications

• About EfficientCarbon




Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


Fossil Fuels and Greenhouse Gases

The global emissions have been steadily increasing since 1900 and the rate of their

increase is going up as well.

The six greenhouse gases to account for are, CO2, CH4, SF6, N2O, HFCs and PFCs.




Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


How Global Warming Works

Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)




Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


Effects of Fossil Fuel based Economy Globally

Increased Temperature

Damage to Biodiversity Changes in Water Supply

Rising Sea Level




Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


Effects of Fossil Fuel based Economy Globally




Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


Climate Change and India

• Rise of Sea-level/Depleting water

resources

– Sea level is rising at 3.14 mm a year in the

Sunderbans against a global average of 2

mm, threatening low-lying areas of India

and Bangladesh.

• Impacts on Agricultural yields

– Indian agriculture supports around 60% of

the population and contributes to around

17% of the GDP. For every 1* rise in

temperature there would be a 6%

reduction in the rice yields in India

• Climate Refugees

– Rising sea levels poses a threat of

migration of people into other areas

increasing the stress of infrastructure,

basic amenities and job opportunities




Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


The Low Carbon Economy Equation

world’s population

global economy

energy efficiency

carbon intensity

Total Carbon

Emissions =




Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


Technologies for the future



Solar Energy


Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]





Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


The Science behind Photo-voltaic Cell

Cross-section of a Solar Cell




Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


The Science behind Photo-voltaic Cell

PN Junction Depletion




Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


What is the world up to?

China Announces

Massive Solar Projects

‘Solar City’ to come up at Kadiri - AP

20 GW of solar power by 2020 - India

Solar energy covers 2.8% Spain’s

electricity demand

Germany meets 1.2% of electricity

demand through Solar energy




Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


Solar performance assessment

Advantages

• Freely available and can last for a

long long time

• Clean energy from the sun – Zero

Carbon

• Can reach places where grid

electricity does not reach

• Low Maintenance

• Rugged and durable

• Low recurring costs

• Rebates and subsidies from the

govt.

• Nil Transmission losses

Disadvantages

• High initial cost to set-up

• Large area required to set up the

panels

• Reduced production during rainy

days and no production during

nights




Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


LED Technology




Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


The BasicsLight Emitting Diode: A semiconductor device that

emits light when electricity is applied to it.




Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


Few variations of LEDs

3.4 x 3.3 x

1.9 mm

3.5 x 2.8 x

1.9 mm

3.5 x 2.8 x

1.9 mm

High Power LED Packages – General Lighting

Dimensions: length x width x height




Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


What gives LED its colour

InGaAlP

(Indium Gallium Aluminum Phosphide)

Red, amber, orange, yellow

InGaN

(Indium Gallium Nitride)

Green, blue, deep blue




Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


White Light LED process

White = Red +

Green + Blue

Re

lati

ve

Sp

ectr

al P

ow

er

(%)

Wavelength (nm)

InGaN LED

YAG Phosphor

Wavelength (nm) Phosphors

Blue InGaN chip + Phosphor = White LED




Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


Advantage LED

Incandescent Halogen CFL Metal Halide White LED

Efficacy

(Im/W)7 - 20 15 - 20 50 - 100 80 - 110 70 - 110

Life time

(hrs)750–2,000 2,000–4,000 9,000–20,000 5,000–20,000 50,000+

CCT

(K)2,500–3,000 2,800–3,150 2,700–7,500 4,000 2,700–10,000

CRI 95 100 70 - 85 70 70 - 85




Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


Advantages of LED lights

Efficient Technology

Directional light source

(minimal collection losses)

High efficiency, lower wattage

Low voltage

Greater Design Flexibility

Compact size (fixture design flexibility)

Dynamic color tuning

Instant on and dimmable

No Infrared and UV emission

Wide range of CCT & CRI options

Reliability

Long lifetime of 50k+ hours

Lower life cycle costs

Reduced maintenance costs

Robust (temperature, shock)

Environmental Friendly

No mercury (reduced disposal

costs)

Reduced fossil fuel consumption

and carbon emissions




Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


Applications



http://www.osram-os.com/showroom/image_large.php?p_id=85&i_id=415&id=10&lan=eng


Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


Q&A Time

Copies of this presentation can be downloaded at:

www.slideshare.net/harshayadav




Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


Contact us

Office: +91 40 40128206

Harsha: +91 9000345588

Ananth: +91 9176613965

[email protected]

www.efficientcarbon.com

www.twitter.com/efficientcarbon

www.facebook.com/efficientcarbon





http://www.twitter.com/efficientcarbon

http://www.facebook.com/efficientcarbon


Phone: +91 9000345588

[email protected]


Thank You

"Sustainability is not only absolutely necessary considering the situation our

planet is in, we as companies are also overdue to take responsibility. We

can't wait for governments. Companies have to lead the way…

- Jochen Zeitz, CEO, Puma



Renewable and energy efficient technologies

Business

solar cell

future solar

solar energywww

solar city

length x width x height

india rise of sea

effects of fossil fuel

basics science