Renaissance, baroque and modern art

Renaissance Art

• means “rebirth” ; decribed as classy aimed for perfection

• flourished in the 14th century, in Florence, Italy• era of great creativity in literature, sculpture

and painting• featured the use of perspective, balance, form

and proportion (classicism)• focused on Christian religion and common daily

activities of people

Renaissance

Renaissance Art and Style

• The ideal man during this period was supposed to be a well-rounded individual and with knowledge in various fields like philosophy, art, science and music.

Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519)• A well known painter• Was trained and

studied in the workshop of Andrea de Verrocchio – a well known sculptor and painter

Great works

• Horse and Rider (1495) – was an unsigned work

• Mona Lisa – first painting in which a woman is allowed to look directly into the eyes of the viewer. La Gioconda- wife of an Italian merchant, Fancisco del Gioconda

• The Last Supper- it is housed at Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan, Italy.

• He uses chiaroscuro technique in his work.• Chiaro means light and scuro means dark

described as bold contrast between dark and light.

Michael Buonarotti (1475-1564)

• Michelangelo Buonarroti

• An architect, painter and writer but primarily a sculptor.

• Was recognized at the age of 16 by Lorenzo de Medici (1449-1492)

Great Works:Pieta(1498-1500) – located at St. Peter’s Basilica

-A youthful Mary mourns the dead Christ

-signature is carved in the band across Mary’s chest.

David (1501-1504)• -a marble sculpture stands 13 ft

and 5 inches• with the base marble statue of a

standing male nude. The statue represents the Biblical hero David, a favoured subject in the art of Florence. Originally commissioned as one of a series of statues of prophets to be positioned along the roofline of the east end of Florence Cathedral, the statue was placed instead in a public square, outside the Palazzo della Signoria, the seat of civic government in Florence, where it was unveiled on 8 September 1504.

Last Judgement (1534-1541)-A painting on the altar wall of Sistine Chapel

Raphael Santi (1483-1520)

• Started to work in Florence and at the age of 26, he went to Rome

• He painted portraits and mythology pictures

• Raphael’s Style is calm, harmonious and restrained.

Virgin with the Christ the Child

Baroque Art

• derived from the Portuguese barocco meaning, 'irregular pearl or stone‘

• In art criticism the word Baroque came to be used to describe anything irregular, bizarre, or otherwise departing from established rules and proportions.

• Baroque art above all reflected the religious tensions of the age - notably the desire of the Catholic Church in Rome (as annunciated at the Council of Trent, 1545-63) to reassert itself in the wake of the Protestant Reformation.

• The Baroque style of architecture prevailed in Europe during the 17th and 18th centuries and was characterized by elaborate and grotesque forms and ornamentalations.

• In painting, this is characterized by• Movement• Energy• Restleness

• The compositions of baroque painting employs diagonal and zigzag lines that express the vitality and movement quality of the baroque art.

The Crowning with Thorns by Caravaggio

The Triumph of the Immaculate by Paolo de Matteis

• Baroque style in architecture is marked by heavy sculptural and extravagantly ornamental facade. The giant twisted columns, broken pediments, and a variety of motifs such as scrolls, scallops, trellises, urns, and angels.

Trevi Fountain in Rome

• emphasized massiveness and monumentality, movement, dramatic spatial and lighting sequences, and a rich interior decoration using contrasting surface textures, vivid colours, and luxurious materials to heighten the structure’s physical immediacy and evoke sensual delight.

Interior of the Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria church, Rome including the Cornaro portraits, but omitting the lower parts of the chapel.

• In Baroque sculpture, groups of figures assumed new importance and there was a dynamic movement and energy of human forms—they spiraled around an empty central vortex, or reached outwards into the surrounding space.

• Apollo and Daphne is a life-sized Baroque marble sculpture by Italian artist Gian Lorenzo Bernini, executed between 1622 and 1625.

• St. Theresa in Ecstasy (1645–52)

• created for the Cornaro Chapel of the church of Santa Maria della Vittoria

• St. Teresa– was a popular saint of the

Catholic Reformation. She wrote of her mystical experiences for an audience of the nuns of her Carmelite Order; these writings had become popular reading among lay people interested in spirituality.

• The Baroque style, as an expression of religious emotionalism, eventually found its way into the Spanish and Portugese colonies in Central and South America, and in the East, particularly the Philippines, with the widespread

Modern Arts

Modern Arts

• includes artistic works produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860s to the 1970s, and denotes the style and philosophy of the art produced during that era.

• The term is usually associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation.

Modern artists experimented with new ways of seeing and with fresh ideas about the nature of materials and functions of art.

Effect:A tendency away from the narrative, which was characteristic for the traditional arts, toward abstraction is characteristic of much modern art.

Modern art Begins with the heritage of painters like:

• Vincent van Gogh,• Paul Cézanne,• Paul Gauguin,• Georges Seurat and • Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec

Country road in Provence by Night, 1889Vincent Van Gogh

The Models, 1888Georges Seurat

The Large Bathers, 1898-1905Paul Cezanne

Spirit of the Dead Watching ,1892Paul Gaguin

At the Moulin Rouge: Two Women Waltzing, 1892

Henri De Toulouse

History of Modern Arts

19th Century

• 1863- Edouard Monet show his painting

Le déjeuner sur l'herbe in the Salon des Refusés in Paris.

• 1855- Gustave Courbet exhibited “ The Artist’s Studio “

• 1784- Jacques-Louis David completed his painting The Oath of the Horatii

H. Harvard Arnason (Historian) - he said that “each of these dates has

significance for the development of modern art, but none categorically marks a completely new beginning.”

Immanuel Kant ( Clement Greenberg )- the first real modernist

The pioneers of modern art were:• Romantics, Realists and Impressionists• By the late 19th century, additional

movements which were to be influential in modern art had begun to emerge: post-Impressionism as well as Symbolism.

Early 20th Century

Among the movements which flowered in the first decade of the 20th century were:

• Fauvism,• Cubism,• Expressionism, and• Futurism

After World War II

• U.S. became the focal point of new artistic movements.

• 1950’s and 1960’s saw the emergence of Abstract Expressionism, Color field painting, Pop art, Op art, Hard-edge painting, Minimal art, Lyrical Abstraction, Fluxus , Happening , Video art, Postminimalism, Photorealism and various other movements.

• In the late 1960s and the 1970s, Land art, Performance art, Conceptual art, and other new art forms had attracted the attention of curators and critics, at the expense of more traditional media.

• By the end of the 1970s, when cultural critics began speaking of "the end of painting" (the title of a provocative essay written in 1981 by Douglas Crimp), new media art had become a category in itself, with a growing number of artists experimenting with technological means such as video art. Painting assumed renewed importance in the 1980s and 1990s, as evidenced by the rise of neo-expressionism and the revival of figurative painting.

• Towards the end of the 20th century, a number of artists and architects started questioning the idea of "the modern" and created typically Postmodern works.