RENAISSANCE 1300-1600 “Rebirth”. CAUSES LEADING TO THE RENAISSANCE Religious chaos Crusades Constantinople Urban cities…ex. Genoa & Venice Merchants Patrons…Medici.

RENAISSANCE

1300-1600

“Rebirth”

CAUSES LEADING TO THE RENAISSANCE

Religious chaosCrusadesConstantinopleUrban cities…ex. Genoa & VeniceMerchantsPatrons…Medici family

HUMANISM

“the study of mankind..in all the potential strength and beauty of his body, in all the joy and pain of his senses and feelings, in all the frail majesty of his reason; and in these as most abundantly and perfectly revealed in the literature and art of ancient Greece and Rome.”

HUMANITIES

Reason of study

History, Literature, and Philosophy

Spread through academies rather than universities

CELEBRATION OF THE INDIVIDUAL

Middle Ages people worked for…

Renaissance people worked for …

Wanted to be known…FAME!

Portrait painting and autobiographies

Worldly pleasures

UNIVERSAL MAN AND WOMAN

The Courtier by Baldassare Castiglione

Have your list of ideal traits out on your desk

MAN

Greek and Latin classics, charming, polite, witty, dance, write poetry, sing, play music, skilled rider, wrestler, swordsman, moderate height (interferes with athletics)…Ex. Leonardo

WOMANWOMAN…Educated in classics, paint, write, make music, dance, charming, DID NOT SEE FAME, inspire poetry but rarely create it, they were more educated but had less political, economic, and social influence than medieval women…Ex. Isabella d’Este

4 NEW TECHNIQUES IN ART

1) PERSPECTIVE

Massacio

“Father of

Modern Painting”

3-D drawing, depth, parallel lines join in the distance, upper stories slant downward in the background, people are larger in front

2) FRESCO

Bondone

Paint on wet plaster

Showed emotions

Interaction of people

Gave rounded

bodies and faces

3) Sculpture

Donatello

Free-standing figures in the nude with their back-sides

Bronze “David” (not Michelangelo’s “David”)

4) PAINTING

Jan Van Eyck

Perspective using color

Oil-based paints

Intense foreground colors with hazy background colors

Extreme detail even in “Wedding Portrait” mirror

LITERATUREVernacular language

Worldly, native language

No longer the product of scholars or clergy

Petrarch…”Father of Humanism”

Wrote sonnets (14 lined poems)

Believed in self-fulfillment rather than spiritual fulfillment

Philosophy/Politics

Machiavelli

Wrote The Prince

Ruler should be strong

as a lion and shrewd as a fox

Most people are…

Trick people b/c…

Not morally right but politically effective

“The ___ justifies the ___”

SPREAD OF THE RENAISSANCE

1) Northern Renaissance

Erasmus…In Praise of Folly

Thomas More…Utopia

2) Elizabethan Age

Famous Playwright?

3) Printing Press

Johann Gutenberg in 1455

How did this change society?

SPREAD Cont.4) Exploration5) Reformation6) Scientific developments

Newton KeplerCopernicus Galileo

7) Other developmentsChimneys, kitchen stoves, firearms, heels, pockets, 60 minute clock, eyeglasses, wallpaper, watch, microscope

Never a true end to the Renaissance