REMOTE SENSING OF TRAITS - webapps.itc.utwente.nl · § Definition of a species: the largest group of organisms in which two individuals can produce fertile offspring, typically by

REMOTE SENSING OF TRAITS ANDREW SKIDMORE

§ Definition of a species: the largest group of organisms in which two individuals can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction

§ Definition important for RS (where do we put the apostrophe J):§ If species is not known then we measure plant trait e.g. LiDAR height§ Species trait – morphological (structural) characteristics expressed in

phenotypes and measurable for an individual of a species e.g. LiDAR (height) + hyperspectral (species)

§ Species’ trait – the trait measured for a species – e.g. an average and its variation e.g. canopy height for a species

§ Species’s trait – the average trait of a number of species. Also known as vegetation trait – e.g. vegetation height and canopy height measured by ICESAT GLAS + Landsat MSS

§ Confused? Terms are used interchangeably & without apostrophes!

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TRAITS AND REMOTE SENSING

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PLANT HEIGHT (AND STRUCTURE)

http://ezproxy.utwente.nl:2084/science/article/pii/S0303243416300873

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SPECIES TRAIT AND SPECIES’ TRAITSPECIES (HYPERSPECTRAL) + HEIGHT (LIDAR) FOR AN INDIVIDUAL PLANT (TREE)

OR A GROUP OF INDIVIDUALS

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SPECIES’S TRAITVEGETATION HEIGHT OR CANOPY HEIGHT,

GlobalmapofvegetationheightproducedfromNASA'sICESAT/GLAS,MODISsensors.Imagecredit:NASA/JPL-Caltech

http://webmap.ornl.gov/wcsdown/dataset.jsp?ds_id=10023

EBVClass CandidateRS-EBV PotentialsupportforAichitargets

Speciespopulations Speciesdistribution* 4,5,7,9,10,11,12,14,15Speciespopulations Speciesabundance* 5,7,9,12,14,15Speciestraits Phenology(e.g.,leaf-on

andleaf-offdates;peakseason)

5,9,11,12,14,15

Speciestraits Planttraits(e.g.,specificleafarea,leafnitrogencontent)

7,9,12,14

Communitycomposition Taxonomicdiversity 8,10,12,14Communitycomposition Functionaldiversity 5,7,10,12,14,15Ecosystemfunction Productivity(e.g.,NPP,LAI,

FAPAR)5,7,10,12,14,15

Ecosystemfunction Disturbanceregime(e.g.,fireandinundation)

7,9,10,12,14,15

Ecosystemstructure Habitatstructure(e.g.,height,crowncoveranddensity)

5,7,9,14,15

Ecosystemstructure Ecosystemextentandfragmentation

5,11,12,14,15

Ecosystemstructure compositionbylandcover 5,7,10,12,14,15

§ A trait can be considered a Essential Biodiversity (sub-)Variable for EBV classes including species trait, ecosystem structure, ecosystem function, dynamic (phenology)

§ A biochemical such as lignin, cellulose, leaf chlorophyll or leaf phenol content may be structural, functional or species trait

§ Similarly LAI can be structural, functional or species trait§ Other traits recognized as Essential Biodiversity Variables by GEO

BON (e.g. nitrogen, dry mater, carbon, water content, plant height, plant cover, leaf angle, canopy gap SLA, NPP) at leaf, plant, species, and canopy level.

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WHAT IS A TRAIT?DEFINITION BASED ON ESSENTIAL BIODIVERSITY VARIABLES (EBV)

§ Field measurement of traits have limitations. § Remote sensing for

§ estimating traits at a large extent, § with a fine spatial resolution, § with high temporal periodicity.

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WHY USE REMOTE SENSING?

EBVClass CandidateRS-EBV PotentialsupportforAichitargets

Speciespopulations Speciesdistribution* 4,5,7,9,10,11,12,14,15Speciespopulations Speciesabundance* 5,7,9,12,14,15Speciestraits Phenology(e.g.,leaf-on

andleaf-offdates;peakseason)

5,9,11,12,14,15

Speciestraits Planttraits(e.g.,specificleafarea,leafnitrogencontent)

7,9,12,14

Communitycomposition Taxonomicdiversity 8,10,12,14Communitycomposition Functionaldiversity 5,7,10,12,14,15Ecosystemfunction Productivity(e.g.,NPP,LAI,

FAPAR)5,7,10,12,14,15

Ecosystemfunction Disturbanceregime(e.g.,fireandinundation)

7,9,10,12,14,15

Ecosystemstructure Habitatstructure(e.g.,height,crowncoveranddensity)

5,7,9,14,15

Ecosystemstructure Ecosystemextentandfragmentation

5,11,12,14,15

Ecosystemstructure compositionbylandcover 5,7,10,12,14,15

RS-EBVS SLOWLY EMERGE…

10RS-EBVsproposedinRS-EBVpaperbySkidmoreetal2015

ListofcandidateRS-EBVssubmittedtoCBD

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FOLIAR NITROGEN AND POLYPHENOL CONTENT

Foliar nitrogen mopane

Foliar nitrogen grasses

Tannin mopaneSkidmore et al RSE. (2010)

EBVClass CandidateRS-EBV PotentialsupportforAichitargets

Speciespopulations Speciesdistribution* 4,5,7,9,10,11,12,14,15Speciespopulations Speciesabundance* 5,7,9,12,14,15Speciestraits Phenology(e.g.,leaf-on

andleaf-offdates;peakseason)

5,9,11,12,14,15

Speciestraits Planttraits(e.g.,specificleafarea,leafnitrogencontent)

7,9,12,14

Communitycomposition Taxonomicdiversity 8,10,12,14Communitycomposition Functionaldiversity 5,7,10,12,14,15Ecosystemfunction Productivity(e.g.,NPP,LAI,

FAPAR)5,7,10,12,14,15

Ecosystemfunction Disturbanceregime(e.g.,fireandinundation)

7,9,10,12,14,15

Ecosystemstructure Habitatstructure(e.g.,height,crowncoveranddensity)

5,7,9,14,15

Ecosystemstructure Ecosystemextentandfragmentation

5,11,12,14,15

Ecosystemstructure compositionbylandcover 5,7,10,12,14,15

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LEAF WATER CONTENT FROM LIDAR

Example of 3D leaf water content mapping using TLS. (a) Polyscias fabian, (b) Camellia japonica.

EBVClass CandidateRS-EBV PotentialsupportforAichitargets

Speciespopulations Speciesdistribution* 4,5,7,9,10,11,12,14,15Speciespopulations Speciesabundance* 5,7,9,12,14,15Speciestraits Phenology(e.g.,leaf-on

andleaf-offdates;peakseason)

5,9,11,12,14,15

Speciestraits Planttraits(e.g.,specificleafarea,leafnitrogencontent)

7,9,12,14

Communitycomposition Taxonomicdiversity 8,10,12,14Communitycomposition Functionaldiversity 5,7,10,12,14,15Ecosystemfunction Productivity(e.g.,NPP,LAI,

FAPAR)5,7,10,12,14,15

Ecosystemfunction Disturbanceregime(e.g.,fireandinundation)

7,9,10,12,14,15

Ecosystemstructure Habitatstructure(e.g.,height,crowncoveranddensity)

5,7,9,14,15

Ecosystemstructure Ecosystemextentandfragmentation

5,11,12,14,15

Ecosystemstructure compositionbylandcover 5,7,10,12,14,15

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PHENOLOGY

PhenologymapsofEuropeinJuliandays.A)onsetongreenness(OG),B)endofsenescence(EOS),C)lengthoftheseason(LS).

EBVClass CandidateRS-EBV PotentialsupportforAichitargets

Speciespopulations Speciesdistribution* 4,5,7,9,10,11,12,14,15Speciespopulations Speciesabundance* 5,7,9,12,14,15Speciestraits Phenology(e.g.,leaf-on

andleaf-offdates;peakseason)

5,9,11,12,14,15

Speciestraits Planttraits(e.g.,specificleafarea,leafnitrogencontent)

7,9,12,14

Communitycomposition Taxonomicdiversity 8,10,12,14Communitycomposition Functionaldiversity 5,7,10,12,14,15Ecosystemfunction Productivity(e.g.,NPP,LAI,

FAPAR)5,7,10,12,14,15

Ecosystemfunction Disturbanceregime(e.g.,fireandinundation)

7,9,10,12,14,15

Ecosystemstructure Habitatstructure(e.g.,height,crowncoveranddensity)

5,7,9,14,15

Ecosystemstructure Ecosystemextentandfragmentation

5,11,12,14,15

Ecosystemstructure compositionbylandcover 5,7,10,12,14,15

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LEAF NITROGEN CONTENT

Leafnitrogen(top)andcanopynitrogen(bottom)insavannaSouthAfrica(KrugerNPtoSabi Sands).RededgebandofRapidEye

EBVClass CandidateRS-EBV PotentialsupportforAichitargets

Speciespopulations Speciesdistribution* 4,5,7,9,10,11,12,14,15Speciespopulations Speciesabundance* 5,7,9,12,14,15Speciestraits Phenology(e.g.,leaf-on

andleaf-offdates;peakseason)

5,9,11,12,14,15

Speciestraits Planttraits(e.g.,specificleafarea,leafnitrogencontent)

7,9,12,14

Communitycomposition Taxonomicdiversity 8,10,12,14Communitycomposition Functionaldiversity 5,7,10,12,14,15Ecosystemfunction Productivity(e.g.,NPP,LAI,

FAPAR)5,7,10,12,14,15

Ecosystemfunction Disturbanceregime(e.g.,fireandinundation)

7,9,10,12,14,15

Ecosystemstructure Habitatstructure(e.g.,height,crowncoveranddensity)

5,7,9,14,15

Ecosystemstructure Ecosystemextentandfragmentation

5,11,12,14,15

Ecosystemstructure compositionbylandcover 5,7,10,12,14,15

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LEAF FUNCTIONAL TRAITS: SLA AND LDMC

Ali et al. 2016, ISPRS

EBVClass CandidateRS-EBV PotentialsupportforAichitargets

Speciespopulations Speciesdistribution* 4,5,7,9,10,11,12,14,15Speciespopulations Speciesabundance* 5,7,9,12,14,15Speciestraits Phenology(e.g.,leaf-on

andleaf-offdates;peakseason)

5,9,11,12,14,15

Speciestraits Planttraits(e.g.,specificleafarea,leafnitrogencontent)

7,9,12,14

Communitycomposition Taxonomicdiversity 8,10,12,14Communitycomposition Functionaldiversity 5,7,10,12,14,15Ecosystemfunction Productivity(e.g.,NPP,LAI,

FAPAR)5,7,10,12,14,15

Ecosystemfunction Disturbanceregime(e.g.,fireandinundation)

7,9,10,12,14,15

Ecosystemstructure Habitatstructure(e.g.,height,crowncoveranddensity)

5,7,9,14,15

Ecosystemstructure Ecosystemextentandfragmentation

5,11,12,14,15

Ecosystemstructure compositionbylandcover 5,7,10,12,14,15