Remote Sensing in Support of NACP Jeffrey G. Masek Biospheric Sciences, NASA GSFC January 23, 2007

Remote Sensing in Support of NACP

Jeffrey G. MasekBiospheric Sciences, NASA GSFC

January 23, 2007

Introduction: Remote Sensing in the NACP

Progress: Current activities and successes

Gaps: What’s missing

Outline

Reconcile (?)

Atmospheric Transport Models

CMDL OCO Aircraft

Land-Atmos C Flux

Atmospheric(top down)

BGC / Carbon Accounting Models

Land-Atmos C Flux

Satellite, Ecology, Inventory Data

FluxNet

ProcessStudies

Process(bottom up)

Land-Atmos C FluxCal/ValProcess Formulation

Top Down / Bottom Up

CenturyDecadalAnnualHourly MonthlyStress, LUE physiology

Atmospheric CO2 transport

CO2, CH4 sampling(OCO, A/C)

Climate & Biophysics: VI, fPAR, LAI, PhytoplanktonTsurf, Freeze/thaw(MODIS, Seawifs, AVHRR…)

Disturbance/ Land Use Change(Landsat)

Biomass/Carbon Stocks (MODIS, SAR, GLAS)

Ecosystem Disturbance

Interannual climate

Forest recovery

Biome migration

Flux tower observations

NPP, NEP diagnostic modeling

NPP, NEP prognostic modeling

Timescales of NACP

Progress to Date

5-10 years of EOS products, 26+ years of AVHRR, 35 years of Landsat data available

New products to support continental BGC modeling * Disturbance (Landast/MODIS; Goward, Masek, Townsend) * Freeze-thaw dynamics (SeaWinds; McDonald) * Northern Wetlands (JERS, Moghaddam) * Biomass (JERS, MODIS, GLAS; Saatchi, Kellendorfer) * Crop Type (AWIFS; NASS) * Fire Emissions (Giglio) * Photosynthetically Active Radiation (MODIS, Liang)

MODIS standard products becoming easier to use * ACCESS gap-filling, smoothing (Morisette) * DC-MAST (Cook)

“Remote Sensing in NACP” Workshop, UMT, Aug 2004

1 2 3 4 5 6http://landweb.nascom.nasa.gov:8080/access.html

Smoothed LAI(April 6, 2004)

MODIS4 NACP

PI: Jeff Morisette, NASA GSFC

Orig. MODIS LAI(black = missing)(April 6, 2004)

Providing value-added MODIS data product to NACP investigators, including:

- Reprojecting- Reformatting- Subsetting - Mosaicing- Stacking data through time- Updates for Collection 5 when available - Gap filling in both space and time

Poster B.37 provides an update for this project

Average of 49 1 km pixels

Center pixel with Flux TowerWalker Branch Watershed

MOD15A2 TIMESAT Smoothed

Integration with ORNL DAAC visualization

From http://www.daac.ornl.gov/MODIS/modis.html

0 >2.0

%disturbed / yr

Forest Disturbance

LEDAPS Project PI: Jeff Masek (NASA GSFC)

NACP Data CubesPI: Samuel Goward (UMD)

Landsat-based records of North American forest disturbance

Wasco

Clackamas

Marion

0 2 4 6 81Miles

Year disturbed

non-forest

undisturbed forest

pre-1987

1987

1988

1989

1991

1993

1995

1996

1998

1999

2001

2003

2005

Year disturbed

non-forest

undisturbed forest

pre-1987

1987

1988

1989

1991

1993

1995

1996

1998

1999

2001

2003

2005

Landsat mapped forest change between 1987 and 2005 in western Oregon

(Goward/Huang, UMD)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1987 1988 1989 1991 1993 1995 1996 1998 1999 2001 2003 2005

Year forest disturbed

Per

cen

t ar

ea d

istu

rbed

(%

)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

Cu

mm

ula

tive

per

cen

t ar

ea

dis

turb

ed (

%)

Percent area disturbed Cummulative percent area disturbed

North American Biomass

J. Kellendorfer,WHOI

S. Saatchi (JPL) - Forest Woody Biomass Carbon Estimates of North America from Synergistic Analysis of MODIS, MISR, and JERS Data in Support of the North American Carbon Program

North American Biomass

NACP process studies integrating remote sensing * AVHRR greenness trends (Tucker) * Soil freeze/thaw dynamics (Zhang) * Plant community mapping (Chopping) * Woody encroachment and grazing (Asner) * Boreal fire disturbance and succession (Kasischke) * Photochemistry of coastal DOC (Miller)

…. and many more

Current Activities (cont’d)

New algorithms for biophysical variables * Evapotranspiration (Ustin) * Light-Use Efficiency (Middleton) * Crop GPP (Gitelson) * Coastal pCO2 (Hales)

Average of all MODIS SST and Chl, all Quickscat wind stress magnitude for NA west coast, 0.25° resolution (Burke Hales, OSU)

SST Chl x+y

Remote Sensing Coastal pCO2

Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) * NASA ESSP mission, JPL lead * passive, global column CO2 * 2008 launch

Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) * NASA/USGS mission, GSFC lead * RFP released January 10, 2007 * continues 30m, multispectral heritage * 2011 target launch date ??

Visible/Infrared Imager/Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) * NOAA/NASA/DOD instrument, IPO lead * continues global capabilities of AVHRR, MODIS * will fly aboard NPP and NPOESS missions * 2009 launch (NPP)

New Remote Sensing Missions

Declining EO Capabilities

NRC Decadal Survey Priority Missions

What’s Missing?

3. Support for “20-year time series” of measurements* multi-instrument ESDR’s … coordination with NACP?* need for annual Landsat land cover, disturbance, crops* future data continuity (VIIRS, LDCM, etc)

1. Some useful information products for biogeochemical modeling are still missing* Evapotranspiration, LUE (MODIS, Seawifs)* Wetland extent, type, dynamics (SAR, MODIS, Landsat)* Woody encroachment (Landsat, air photo, hyperspectral)* Agricultural crop type (MODIS, Landsat)* Permafrost / Arctic hydrology (SAR, MODIS)* Foliar nitrogen (Hyperion)

2. Bridging the gap between algorithm development and continental products to support models

What’s Missing? (cont’d)

4. Analysis of error propagation – from remote sensing measurements to modeled fluxes * Model intercomparisons at NEP level?

5. Understanding RS-detected trends and patterns in terms of underlying biology

6. Community familiarity with OCO products, and how to use them within NACP context

7. New models that capitalize on the current range of RS products – not just NDVI

Conclusions

Remote Sensing essential for overarching NACP goal of continental carbon fluxes and attribution

Considerable progress since 2004 U. Montana workshop on - data access - product formats and usability - carbon information needs from RS

Need to identify and prioritize the next set of RS activities to support NACP

Backup

NACP-Related Datasets for Driving Carbon Calculations

Kevin Gurney (CSU)High-Resolution Fossil Fuel Emission Estimates in Support of NACP CO2 Measurements and Assimilation System

Fossil Fuel Emissions, NOx, SOx

Goward, Samuel (UMD)

North American Forest Distrubance and Regrowth since 1972: Empeirical Assessment with Field Measurements and Satellite Remotely Sensing Observations Forest Disturbance

Jeff Masek (GSFC)A Community-Driven, North American Disturbance Record and Processing System for Land Satellite Data Forest Disturbance

Sassan Saatchi (JPL)

Forest Woody Biomass Carbon Estimates of North America from Synergistic Analysis of MODIS, MISR, and JERS Data in Support of the North American Carbon Program Biomass

Josef Kellendorfer (WHI) The National Biomass and Carbon Dataset 2000 Biomass

Kyle McDonald (JPL)Satellite Monitoring of Landscape Freeze-Thaw State and Associated Constraints to the North American Carbon Budget Freeze-thaw area/timing

Jeff Morisette (GSFC)

Improving Access to Land and Atmosphere science products from Earth Observing Satellites: Helping NACP Investigators Better Utilize MODIS Data Products

Data Preparation, Format, Distribution

James Randerson (CalTech)

Using Satellite and Inverse Techniques to Constrain Regional and Global Fire Emissions from 1997 to 2005: An Approach Based on the Carbon Isotope Ratio of Fire Emissions Biomass burning