Remote sensing and avian Remote sensing and avian biodiversity patterns in biodiversity patterns in the U.S. the U.S. NASA Biodiversity Science Team Meeting, New York, May NASA Biodiversity Science Team Meeting, New York, May 6-8 2009 6-8 2009 Anna M. Pidgeon, V. Radeloff, T. Anna M. Pidgeon, V. Radeloff, T. Albright, P. Culbert, C. Ritttenhouse, Albright, P. Culbert, C. Ritttenhouse, M. Clayton M. Clayton University of Wisconsin-Madison University of Wisconsin-Madison C. Flather, S. Stewart, C. Flather, S. Stewart, U.S. Forest U.S. Forest Service Service J. Masek, J. Masek, NASA Goddard Space Flight NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Center
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Remote sensing and avian biodiversity patterns in the U.S. NASA Biodiversity Science Team Meeting, New York, May 6-8 2009 Anna M. Pidgeon, V. Radeloff,
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Remote sensing and avian Remote sensing and avian biodiversity patterns in the U.S.biodiversity patterns in the U.S.
NASA Biodiversity Science Team Meeting, New York, May 6-8 2009NASA Biodiversity Science Team Meeting, New York, May 6-8 2009
Anna M. Pidgeon, V. Radeloff, T. Albright, P. Anna M. Pidgeon, V. Radeloff, T. Albright, P. Culbert, C. Ritttenhouse, M. ClaytonCulbert, C. Ritttenhouse, M. Clayton
University of Wisconsin-MadisonUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison
C. Flather, S. Stewart, C. Flather, S. Stewart, U.S. Forest ServiceU.S. Forest Service
J. Masek, J. Masek, NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterNASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Research questionsResearch questions
What determines What determines bird biodiversity patterns?bird biodiversity patterns?
How does disturbance How does disturbance affect bird biodiversity?affect bird biodiversity?
Research questionsResearch questions
What determines What determines bird biodiversity patterns?bird biodiversity patterns?
How does disturbance How does disturbance affect bird biodiversity?affect bird biodiversity?
Image texture explained 64% in Wisconsin’s Image texture explained 64% in Wisconsin’s neotropical migrant species richnessneotropical migrant species richness
Forest Forest lossloss decreased community decreased community similarity for all forest birds, and also for similarity for all forest birds, and also for most of the guilds most of the guilds
Forest Forest disturbancedisturbance maintained maintained community similarity for permanent community similarity for permanent residents and cavity nestersresidents and cavity nesters
Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
MODIS Land MODIS Land surface surface temperaturetemperature
Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
Standardized seasonal land surface Standardized seasonal land surface temperature exceedance (SSLSTE)temperature exceedance (SSLSTE)
Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
Lagged response: 2001 SSLSTE vs. 2002 BBSLagged response: 2001 SSLSTE vs. 2002 BBS
Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
Research questionsResearch questions
What determines What determines bird biodiversity patterns?bird biodiversity patterns?
How does disturbance How does disturbance affect bird biodiversity?affect bird biodiversity?
ConclusionsConclusions
Remotely sensed measures Remotely sensed measures of ‘classic’ biodiversity drivers of ‘classic’ biodiversity drivers explain biodiversity patterns well explain biodiversity patterns well
‘ ‘New’ measures (DHI, texture, MODIS New’ measures (DHI, texture, MODIS LST, dense Landsat stacks) are good LST, dense Landsat stacks) are good predictorspredictors
Structure is important in terms of Structure is important in terms of both biophysical and human factorsboth biophysical and human factors
ConclusionsConclusions
Communities are continuously Communities are continuously changingchanging
Disturbance affects both interannual Disturbance affects both interannual variability and long-term bird variability and long-term bird community changescommunity changes
Abundance is more sensitive than Abundance is more sensitive than richnessrichness
Thank you!
Fire
MODIS active fire products
Select disturbed BBS routes
Select comparable undisturbed BBS routes
Heat waves
MODIS surface
temperature
Regression analysis of biodiversity response versus magnitude of disturbance
MODIS surface
temperature
Droughts
Palmer drought index
MODIS LAI/NPP
data
Storms
Hurricane/ tornado tracks
Clearcuts
LEDAPS disturbance
data
LEDAPS disturbance
data
Fragmen-tation
NLCD 1992/93
LEDAPS reflectance
data
Houses
U.S. Census data 1980, 1990, 2000
t-test of biodiversity response disturbed versus undisturbed
LEDAPS disturbance
data
LEDAPS disturbance
data
MODIS active fires/ burned area
Extreme weather Human disturbanceFire
MODIS active fire products
Select disturbed BBS routes
Select comparable undisturbed BBS routes
Heat waves
MODIS surface
temperature
Regression analysis of biodiversity response versus magnitude of disturbance
MODIS surface
temperature
Droughts
Palmer drought index
MODIS LAI/NPP
data
Storms
Hurricane/ tornado tracks
Clearcuts
LEDAPS disturbance
data
LEDAPS disturbance
data
Fragmen-tation
NLCD 1992/93
LEDAPS reflectance
data
Houses
U.S. Census data 1980, 1990, 2000
t-test of biodiversity response disturbed versus undisturbed
LEDAPS disturbance
data
LEDAPS disturbance
data
MODIS active fires/ burned area
Extreme weather Human disturbance
Houses and fragmentation: Both fragmentation and housing development had equal and strong effects on avian richness Effects differed by guild and ecoregion E.g., in the West houses were positively correlated with richness, but negatively in East
Pidgeon et al., 2007, Ecol. Appl., 17:1989-2010 Lepczyk et al., 2008, Cons. Bio., 22:405-416
Disturbance and bird biodiversityDisturbance and bird biodiversity
Grassland specialists averageGrassland specialists average
Neotropical migrants averageNeotropical migrants average