Turkish Studies International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 12/2, p. 23-38 DOI Number: http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.9942 ISSN: 1308-2140, ANKARA-TURKEY Article Info/Makale Bilgisi Received/Geliş: 01.09.2016 Accepted/Kabul: 28.03.2017 Referees/Hakemler: Prof. Dr. İbrahim YILMAZ - Yrd. Doç. Dr. İbrahim USTA - This article was checked by iThenticate. RELIGIOUS, POLITICAL AND LITERARY WORKS OF HASAN KAFI AL-AKHISARI AL-BOSNAVI (DEATH 1025 H) Husain ASWAD * ABSTRACT Hasan KAFİ EL- AKHİSARİ is one of the most important Islamic scholars of Hijri 11th century, narrating in three languages including Arabic, Turkish and Bosnian. He continued his life between Istanbul and Bosnia. He participated in some wars of the Ottoman army, however came across the weak period of the Ottoman Empire. El- Akhisari spent most of his life as muslim judge and in science and teaching. He lived out most of his life in different fields such as Islamic Law, Philosophy, Literature, Logic, Political science. So in this research, I will talk about his occupation, lineage and life. I will also include his studies in religious, political and literary fields. I will mention his most famous books and manuscripts and the places where they are. One of the reasons that I prefered to make this study is that studies regarding El-Akhisari's science, literature and thoughts are very few. However, he is one of the most valuable scholars of the Ottoman Empire. He is one of the most significant scholars of the century narrating in different languages. He especially wrote about Islamic religion and political science. Despite this, there are no texts about his life in the works written in Turkish and Arabic. There are no researches made and articles written about him. The aim of the thesis: The purpose of this research is to discourse Hasan Kafi El – Akhisari' s studies on religious, political and literary fields and to mention the most important books and manuscripts. In addition, it is to introduce and reveal this scientific expert that many people do not know. Research Method: This research summarizes El-Akhisari's own scientific endeavors by researching his printed and handwritten books. However, in order to summarize El-Akhiari's ideas and views, it relies on small analysis by reading the contents of his books. * Yrd. Doç. Dr. Bingol University Faculty of Theology, El -mek: [email protected]
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Turkish Studies
International Periodical for the Languages, Literature and History of Turkish or Turkic Volume 12/2, p. 23-38
DOI Number: http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.9942
Referees/Hakemler: Prof. Dr. İbrahim YILMAZ - Yrd. Doç. Dr.
İbrahim USTA -
This article was checked by iThenticate.
RELIGIOUS, POLITICAL AND LITERARY WORKS OF HASAN KAFI AL-AKHISARI AL-BOSNAVI (DEATH 1025 H)
Husain ASWAD*
ABSTRACT
Hasan KAFİ EL- AKHİSARİ is one of the most important Islamic
scholars of Hijri 11th century, narrating in three languages including Arabic, Turkish and Bosnian. He continued his life between Istanbul and
Bosnia. He participated in some wars of the Ottoman army, however
came across the weak period of the Ottoman Empire. El- Akhisari spent
most of his life as muslim judge and in science and teaching. He lived out
most of his life in different fields such as Islamic Law, Philosophy,
Literature, Logic, Political science. So in this research, I will talk about his occupation, lineage and life. I will also include his studies in religious,
political and literary fields. I will mention his most famous books and
manuscripts and the places where they are.
One of the reasons that I prefered to make this study is that studies
regarding El-Akhisari's science, literature and thoughts are very few. However, he is one of the most valuable scholars of the Ottoman Empire.
He is one of the most significant scholars of the century narrating in
different languages. He especially wrote about Islamic religion and
political science. Despite this, there are no texts about his life in the
works written in Turkish and Arabic. There are no researches made and
articles written about him.
The aim of the thesis: The purpose of this research is to discourse
Hasan Kafi El – Akhisari' s studies on religious, political and literary fields
and to mention the most important books and manuscripts. In addition,
it is to introduce and reveal this scientific expert that many people do not
know.
Research Method: This research summarizes El-Akhisari's own
scientific endeavors by researching his printed and handwritten books.
However, in order to summarize El-Akhiari's ideas and views, it relies on
small analysis by reading the contents of his books.
* Yrd. Doç. Dr. Bingol University Faculty of Theology, El-mek: [email protected]
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hasan KAFİ, AKHİSARİ, Al-Bosnavi, Felsefe.
Preface
Al-Akhisari is considered to be one of the most important scholars of his time who wrote in
Arabic, Turkish and Persian. His Arabic writings gained great popularity and magnificent
appreciation among Arabs and Muslims. He produced a large number of books and studies in fiqh,
history, philosophy, theology, logic, language, and literature. He is one of the encyclopedic scholars
who collected fiqh, literature, rhetoric, grammar, philosophy, speech and judiciary; he was unique in
his time. In describing him, Khanji (1363 AH) said “he is the noble, virtuous and honorable scholar,
knowledgeable in fiqh issues and its origins, grammarian and morphologist, well versed in religion
fundamentals and rules, author and poet, and skilled reformer. Generally he is the pride of that nation
and head of its prominent scholars, mercy of Allah be upon him.” (Khanji, 1992, 61.(
Nevertheless, it is hard to find a complete biography for him except in foreign books on
biographies and may be the most comprehensive biography for Al-Akhisari can be seen in the book
(Al-Jawhr Al-Asna on Bosnian Poets and Scholars’ Biographies) by Muhammad Bin Muhammad
Al- Bosnawi Al-Khanji1 (1363 H), who is considered to be one of the fourteenth Hijri century
scholars.
Some other scholarly studies on his life and his religious and literary works include the book
Hasan Kafi Al-Akhisari: Selections of His Works, by Amir Ljuboviç and Fahim Nametak. It is written
in the Yugoslavian language2.
There is also a book by Zuhdija Adilović in the Yugoslavian language entitled Hasan Kafi
Al-Akhisari Al- Abosnavi and His Book Nur Al-Yaqin in the Principles of Religion: An Explanation
of Creeds by At-Tahhawi (Aqidat At-Tahhawi). (Adilović ,2004,951-1024 / 1544-1615) In this book
he talks about his scholarly life then he talks in details about the book Nur Al-Yaqin. Zuhdi previously
prepared an M.A thesis at Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University editing the mentioned
book, and it was published as a book by Obeikan Library at Riyadh in 1418 H/1997.
There is also a book by Omer Nakicevic entitled Sheikh Hasan Kafi al-Akhisari: the Pioneer
of Islamic Studies in Bosnia and Herzegovina3. The editor of the book ‘Principles of Governance in
World System’ by al-Akhisari also briefly mentions brief details on his life and scholarly works4.
1 He is one of the famous Bosnian scholars, born in Satajevo the capital of Bosnia, learnt Arabic since his childhood, then
traveled to Egypt and had his education with its Sheikhs and graduated from Al-Azhr in 1931. He worked in Sariyah
teaching after his coming back to Sarajevo. Though his small age, he had left a touchable and invaluable heritage some of
it as establishing al-Hidaya journal which had valuable articles. He also was one of the prominent members of Muslim
Ulama Association which had the same name. His well known books are: (al-jāwhr Al-asnī in translating Bosnian poets
and scholars (ulama), investigation: Abdulfattah Mohammed Alhulo- Cairo, 1992, and (Mujammʿa al-bihar fi tarih al-ulum
wal asfar, a manuscript in Ghazi Ghasrobek library) and Risalat al-Haq Assahih fi Isbat (proof) the descent of Jesus Christ
(Issa). alʿalam 7/84. 2 Amir Ljubović & Fehim Nametak, Izabrani spisi icinde(Sarajevo: 1983) 3 Omer Nakicevic, Hasan Kafija Pruščak, Arapsko- Islamshih nauka u Bosni Herecegovini. Sarajevo, 1977. 4 Al-Akhisari, Hasan K. Ruling Assets in Organizing the World: Hamood, Novan R. investigation, Amman, Jordan
University,1406-1986.
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Rich information on Al-Akhisari, his life, his Sheikhs and his travels, can be found in a
doctoral research by Ali Akbar Dhiyai at the International Islamic University in Malaysia entitled
(Azhar Al-Rawdat in Explaining Rawdat A-Jinan): Study and Edition5.
The books Ottoman Record (Sijil Osmani) by Mehmet Sureyya and Hada’iq Al-Haqa’iq Fi
Takmilat Al-Shaqa῾iq) by Nawiizadah are two of the important Ottoman books which presented
biographies for Al-Akhisari.
1- His Name, Lineage and Life6:
Hasan son of Torkhan son of Dawood son of Yakoob Al-Thaybi Al-Akhisari Al-Bosnavi,
Al-Thaibi is related to Al-Thiab village in Akhisari area. Al-Akhisari is a name related to Akhisar
city7, the Bosnian city that he was born in. This city means the white fortress in Arabic. Nowadays
it is called Prusca or Pruswana as it is a judiciary center following Travnik state which was the second
Bosnian capital in the days of Ottoman Empire. It is located in west of Sarajevo and its old name is
Delnji.
He is also called Hasan Kafi and he is well known by his surname Kafi because he explained
Kafiyat Ibn Al-Hajīb in Syntax. It is also said that he was considered enough to answer the knowledge
needs of his people at his time. (Al-Ziriklī, 2002,2/194)
Biographies and sources agreed on determining his date of birth in (951 H), and perhaps the
reason for consensus is that he provided a full autobiography in his book: Nizam Al-Ulama Ila Khatim
Al-Anbiya, in which he talked about his life, sheikhs and travels. Regarding his birth, he said I heard
from my late mother that this poor worshiper was born by order of Allah on Friday after Asir in
Ramadan in (951 AH) at the time of the just king (Sultan), Sultan Sulaiman Khan Bin Selim Al-
Sultan Selim Khan Son of Al-Sultan Bayazid Abi Al-Fath Mohammed Khan; mercy of Allah onto
all of them. (Al-Akhisari,: manuscript No. 98/2, 30 )
5 Azhar Al-Rawdat in Explaining Rawdat A-Jinan, study and investigation, Ali Akbar Dhiyai PhD research, International
Islamic University Malaysia, 2009, p. 13-63. 6 This is most important references of the Al-Akhisari:
- Al-Jawhr Al-Asna on Bosnian Poets and Scholars’ Biographies for Mohammad bin Mohammad bin Mohammad
Albosni Al-khanji, Dar Hajr for printing, first edition, 1413 ah, 1992, p. 61-71.
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5- Sharh Muqadimat Assalah (Explanation of Prayer Introduction):
It is a book in which Al-Akhisari explained prayer introduction, there is a disagreement of
who wrote it, it is said Shams Alddin Mohammed Bin Hamza Alfanary (834 ah), as Brusili
Mohammed Tahir agreed,(Brusli, 1333 ah,1/277) Haji Khalifah based on an explicit version for
explaining it (Khalifah, p.2/1802) It is also said that it is for Alsheikh Haji Afandi, the well known
as Biqreh Yilan and as Mu’ed Kamal Basha Zadah, as said by Hasan Kafi Al-Akhisari from his
instructors.(Khalifah ,2/1802) It is also said that it is for Lutfallah Alnnsfi the well known as Fadhel
Alkaidani (around 900 H), Said by Ibrahim Bin Mir Darwish Albukhari11, one of ‘Prayer
Introduction’ explainers, and it is said it is explained by one other than the scholars (Ulama).
(Khalifah ,2/1802)
Prayer Introduction (Muqadimat Assalah) is a small letter in some newspapers, but it
included important issues that are indispensable for knowledge seekers.
6- Nur Alyaqin Fi Usul Alddin:
It is an explanation of Attahhawi Doctrines (Aqeedat Attahhawi) , (321 H), was authored by
Al-Akhisari during his contribution in Estegon siege in 1014 H, he gifted it to Alsultan Lala
Mohammed Basha. (Aroji, 1997,16/327)
This book is one of the doctrines’ books of Islam based on Ahl Sunna and Jamah approach
(Mathhab) which presented in Attahhawi Doctrines. It is aimed at spreading the right doctrines
among Bosnian Muslims and among neighboring Muslim countries. Al-Akhisari briefly explained
Imam Attahhawi’s sayings with original text. He referred to what Attahhawi means in response to
misguided groups without showing their wrong thoughts. He also proves Attahhawi’s saying which
represents the followers (Alselef) of Kitab and Assunna. He included some of the Arab sayings and
poems, and briefly mentioned objections points of misguided groups. He refuted them one by one
with transcribed proofs. He also went through the way they follow in having doubts and brings them
down by logical evidences.
7- Rawdhat Al-Jannat Fi Usul Aletiqadat:
It is in Islamic theology, included significant topics in doctrine, and (it is a collection for Ahl
Assunna’s opinions in response to Sufism and Mubtadiah). (Brockelmann, 1995, 9/394)
It was taken from the (Fiqh Akbar), (Attahawi Doctrines), (Omar Al-Nasafi Doctrines),
(Alsunsi Doctrines) and (Al-Suyuṭi Doctrines). It was arranged into eight chapters and it is a great
book in this regard.(Al-khanji, 1992, 67)
It was translated into Turkish language by Mohammed Asad in 1035 H, and was wrongly
referred to Al-Barkawy12 (981 H). The real author is Hasan Kafi Al-Akhisari.
8- Azhar al-Rawdhat Fi Sharh Rawdat Aljannat:
11 A hand-written copy in King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies under the title of Šahrh Mātaleb Almussali
and a subtitle: sharh Mūqadimat A-ssalah, No: 00990. 12 He is Mohammad bin Bir Ali bin Iskander Albarkawy or Alburkoly, Taqialddin Alromi, originally from Turkey form
Balikesir. He was an instructor in Bruki district named to it, a scholar in Arabic, had works in Fara’ez and knowledge in
Tajweed,(Al-Ziriklī, 2002,6/61).
32 Husain ASWAD
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The author explained in details his book Rawdhat Al-Jannat for the purpose of disproving
doubts of (Al-Hamzawiyah).
In the book itself, Sheikh al-Akhisari sometimes determined doctrines issues starting with
logical evidences which stood against Al-Hamzawiyah claims that are based on reasonable claims
and referred to it in transcribed texts.
9- Samt Alwusul Ila Ilim Al-Usul:
It is a briefed book of (Manar Alanwar Fi Usul Al-Fiqh) for Sheikh Abi Albarakat Abdullah
Bin Ahmed, he is well-known as Hafedhalddin Alnnusfi (710 H).
It was mentioned in Alʿalām,(Al-Ziriklī, 2002,P. 2/194) and in Turkish Islamic
Encyclopedia,(Aroji, 1997,16/327) and in Osmanlı Muallifleri . (Brusli, 1333 ah,1/277) and it was
mentioned by Haji Khalifah in different aspects. It was praised and its author, Alnnasfi, saying: (it is
useful and comprehensive summary, as it is more frequently spread and used among his books and
summaries. Though it is small and brief in size, it is like a sea surrounded by facts’ pearls, it is a
treasure included precious values. Moreover, it is still filled with a kind of complexity, periphrasis
and lengthiness). (Khalifah ,2/1802) And he kindly praised its editor and summarized Sheikh Hasan
Kafi Al-Akhisari by saying, (Kafi Al-Akhisârî edited it in his summary named by (Samt Alwsul),
was well edited, organized with revision and clarification) (Khalifah ,2/1802).
10- Explanation of Samt Alwusul Ila Ilim Al-Usul:
He explained his book (Samt Alwusul) in 1004 H after his coming back to his country
Akhisar.(Al-khanji, 1992,64) It was mentioned by Haji Khalifah when he reviewed his book (Samt
Alwusul) saying: (he explained it wonderfully beginning with praise be to Allah who guided us to
His right path in His book… ect.).(Khalifah, 2/1802). The book (Samt Alwusul Ila Ilim Al-Usul) with
its explanation was printed in Dār Ibn Aljawzi in Riyadh which was investigated by Dr. Mohammed
Mustafa Mohammed Ramadan.
3- His Efforts in the Political Field
Al-Akhisari engaged in religious aspect leaving significant attitudes and unforgettable
situations, and variety of books which demonstrate his rich knowledge and wide expertise. He also
engaged in studying the political situations which was dominant in the Ottoman Empire at that time.
Al-Akhisari had noticed the weakness of Ottoman State which according to historians started
after the death of Alsultan Sulaiman, Al-Kanuni in 974 AH. He closely witnessed the conditions of
Ottoman army and its practices which was referring to bad consequences. This occurred during its
participation in Cerestes battle near Erlau, the south of Hungary in 1004 H. The battle was between
Ottoman forces and Austria-Hungary empire allied with Europeans. He observed the political,
administrative and military corruption the time it started to spread among the Ottoman State. As a
result, it led him to write the book Principles of Governance in World System (Usul Alhukm Fin Ziam
Alalam). Inside the book, he explained the reasons of Ottoman State weakness, ways of recovering
it and other significant issues.
His political, administrative and military views can be summarized in three items:
1-He believes that justice is the backbone of ruling, and the successful politics depends on
good administration and relating things and issues to its specialists.
2- He believes that consulting scholars (ulama) and experts and considering their opinions
are main reasons of successful administration. He sees it is necessary not to be authoritarian and
individual in taking opinions, and pride and arrogance should be left.
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3- He believes that building a military force is necessary to confront enemies, the military
should be managed well, provided by weapons and military equipment and individuals should be
educated to obey their leaders.
It was one of the books that he wrote in Arabic, gained great popularity and magnificent
favor among people. It was translated into Germany, French and Bosnian languages.(Al-Akhisari,
Dhiyai, 2012, 48) This book was admired by the orientalist, Garcin de Tassy, and was published in
French language at Paris in 1824, later it was published in Hungarian language at Budapest in 1909.
It was also published in Germany language in 1911 and Serbo-Croatian in 1919. The original text of
Arabic for the author was first printed in Istanbul in 1868, then in Makkah in 1913. (Aroji,
1997,16/328).
The author wrote the book in 1004 AH in his country Akhisar after he had observed the
spread of corruption in the Ottoman State. Haji Khalifah mentioned that it was written when he
attended the Siege of Acre under the leadership of Alsultan Alothmani Mohammed Khan Bin
Alsultan Murd khan Bin Alsultan Selim Khan in 1005 AH.(Khalifah, 1/113-114) The right thing as
was written by the author himself, he wrote it before the siege when he left the judge and devoted
his time to writing and education. After participation and completion of the battle, he showed his
work to Alsultan agents from prime ministers and scholars. They considered its translation into
Turkish language so that it can be showed to Alsultan. He completed its explanation and translation
a year after its writing which was in 1005 H. (Al-khanji,1992,65)
The book consists of preface, introduction, four chapters and conclusion. Al-Akhisari stated
the reasons of writing the book in the introduction. In the first chapter, he mentioned the issues which
bring systems to the State. In the second chapter, he discussed the topics related to consultation,
opinions and strategies. In the third chapter, he included the use of fighting and war equipment,
motivating military and providing strategies. In the last chapter, he concluded in the research for
reasons of victory and defeat.
The importance of this book comes from its being a criticize for Ottoman institutions in
which corruptions started to spread through it. On the other hand, it is a proper life constitution which
draws complete system landmarks for the future state administratively, politically and militarily.
It was printed in many prints such as an edition investigated by Omar Naytishefitesh, and
was published in Egyptian Historical Review in volume 18, in 1971.
The second edition was investigated by Ehsan Sidqi Alamd, That Alsalasel printings,
Kuwait, 1407 AH, 1987.
4- His Efforts in in the Literary Field:
The time Al-Akhisari was widely educated and expert in knowledge, he was familiar with a
large number of sciences. He wrote in every single field of knowledge either a book or a work. A
part of his scientific efforts, he introduced works in the Arabic literature. One of the most important
of his writings in literature is: Risalah Fi Tahqiq Lafdh Jalabi (An Essay Examining the Origin of
the Word Jalabi)13, it is considered to be the first work written by Al-Akhisari14. In this work, he
searched for the roots of the word (Jalabi)15 and its meanings. He mentioned the word (Jalaba) a
name of the Mercy’s names in Turkmen language, if ‘ya alnisba’ added to it, it refers to the
13 The author mentioned this work in the book: Nizām al-Ulama ile Khatim al-Anbiya, 31, Alʿalām 2/194, and Turkish
Islamic Encyclopedia 16/327. 14 (Al-khanji,1992,63) 15 Ebn Kamal Pasha Shamsaddin Ahmed bin Sulaiman Arromi Alhanafi (940 ah) a letter under the same title,: Alʿalām
1/133.
34 Husain ASWAD
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knowledgeable and great scholar of religious issues. It is said Jalabi, on the order of God, and it is
said for the one who is characterized by knowledge, goodness and perfectness without connecting
this word with kinship or wealth as claimed.
There are three copies for this work in Ghazi Khusrobik library in Sarajevo with the
following numbers: 2/4771, 3/2649, 2/98, and there is a copy in Sulaimani library in Turkey with the
following numbers: 11/918-5, 10/ 8536-45, 8/1861-34.
Al-Akhisari has an important literary effort in the rhetorics, he summarized the book
(Summary in Arabic Rhetorics) for Alkhahteeb Alqozweny (739 AH). He revised it, outlined it and
stated it clearly and easily. So, it was one of the most useful summaries in his fields, it was named
(Tamhis Altalkhis).
Then, he clarified his former summary sufficiently without any verbosity and without losing
its value. He named it as Sharh Tamhis Altalkhis, and in other copies he named it as Summary of
Meanings (Khulasat Al-Ma’ni).
The strange thing is that the historian of Arabic rhetorics did not mentioned Al-Akhisari, he
was not mentioned by the well-known literary historian, Shawqi Dhaif, in his book Rhetorics:
Evolution and History. He was also not mentioned by Ahmed Mustafa Almuraghi in his book the
History of Rhetorics and Introducing Its Scholars. Although we can find adequate translation in
public translations, putting into consideration that these two books mentioned his two previous
rhetoric books.
5- The Book of Tamhis Altalkḫis:
This book was mentioned by the author during narrating his practical and scientific life,
assuring the finalizing of his drafts and collecting his works in 1008.(Al-khanji,1992,65)
The book is a checked revised for Alkhahteeb Alqazweeny In Arabic Rhetorics. The
appearance of some oppositions resulted in revising this work by Alqazweny, and standing against
Abi Yaqub Alsakaki, the author of Miftah or others (626 H). At the beginning of his book, he said
Alqazweny’s Talshis, mercy of Allah onto him, the rich key for its pearl stores and light for gloomy
darkness. It deserves to be decorated by sun’s gold above the moon’s stones. It is included some
objected issues and obstacles for wishers. I purified from it the meaning of rules origins and benefits
harvest. The main reason of writing this book is to purify it from discussions and oppositions thoughts
which mislead the right aim of knowledge seekers and taking advantage form it as well.
In this book, his effort was distinguished only by including rhetoric origins. He provided
many of the controversial issues which complicate the reader and included easy and widely known
examples.
Organized as Introduction, two parts and conclusion:
In the introduction, he discussed the difference between rhetorics and eloquence. In the first
part, he included semantics and all its studies, and in the second part he included rhetoric and its
studies which introduced on three aspects: simile, metaphor and truth and metonymy.
The conclusion included the sections of figures of speech science, he selected some of it such
as literal and abstract. He named it as (Tamhis Altalkhis) based on the purpose of clarifying it from
controversy and disputes which attached in Altalkhis book.
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6- The book of Sharh Tamhis Altalkhis:
It is one of the important rhetoric books left by Al-Akhisari which is based on linguistic and
rhetorical grounds. He did not leave any work without detailing its linguistic origin and its semantic
meaning. The book comes out big in size and very useful.
The author stated the reason of writing this book, he mentioned in the first page of the
manuscript his book in Ghazi Khusrubik Library with number 1689. After he had clarified Altalkhis
book, he found a great interest among scholars and remarkable acceptance by publics. So, scholars
and knowledge seekers requested from him to reveal its secrets and make it understandable.
He explained it sufficiently and did not leave any issue in Arabic rhetoric sciences, either
small or big, without detailing it. His explanation was relied on Sharh Altaftazani (792 H). He
explained the summary of Almiftah for Alkhahteeb Alqazweeny (739 H) named as Almutawal, and
he explained Sciences Key (Miftah Alulūm) for Alsikaki (626 AH).
He says in one of the copies in Sulaimani library (based on this measure, I wanted to raise
its value from its weakness by simplifying its complexities and difficulties, explaining its challenges
following Altaftazani’s way of his two well-known explanations, and taking advantage form those
two rich seas)16.
The importance of this book lied in its being a fundamental source of Arabic rhetoric sources,
collected its origins and branches. It included subtleties and benefits for every familiar with this
work.
Regarding naming the book, it was mentioned on the cover of the manuscript with number
486 which located in Sulaimani library under the name of Khulasat Alma’ni Ala Sharh Tamhis
Altalhis. In the sixteenth volume, before starting the content said: (it is a unique part of Almaghrebi
on customize (Takhsis), commenting on Altamhis explanation and named it as Khulasat Alma’ni17.
While what is mentioned in the preface of this manuscript included misleads which makes us think
it is done by the amanuensis. As it is mentioned by Almaghrebi that Abu Yaqub who explained
Talkhis Almiftah labeled as Mawaheb Al-Fttah which was written in 1108 H, he died in (1128 AH).
Al-Akhisari died in 1025 AH which means Almaghrabi died a hundred year after Al-Akhisari ’s
death, so how Al-Akhisari took assistance from him and his book and still was not composed yet.
It was mentioned that the other manuscripts kept track of Altaftazani in his well-known
explanation. It was evident in his explanation as mentioned earlier and did not mentioned labeling
his book as Khulasat Alma’ni.
Conclusion
After introducing the brief details regarding Hasan Kafi al-Akhisari’s life, it can be
concluded that he provides valuable and diverse knowledge regarding religion and its importance in
educating the next generations with moderate Islamic culture. This culture rejects the extremist
thought which has already impacted some minds of Islam claimers.
And his religious efforts were consisted of two things: his moderate religious thoughts that
he represented and taught to people, and his religious books that he wrote, achieved or explained.