Religion-State Relations and Political Transformation in Turkey (2006)

ConlenlJ

carron conhvrnr: tlnd$6ndinr rl'e politits ofculrure f.itk

on-shre Rd.rions 8nd Poliiic'r ft'ndormltion ln lrrk.v

&jrr lsr.. !-!.r. )a!l<

,& grHr,.irt, etsy Jts te>_te- p€J:ir0' - r;r c.?LllurrJJrr!

z*li'/t' zJutr - lrr.E!i'r JJir

f)-:!, Lit

li! srrJerr;J+ id(e

rn etiJa.reJl

ondReligior!-Slote Relqlioni

Politicql Trordormolion In lu*ey

Thr n m) litsr visn d! lnii lr0d rnd I am mst plcNd ro h: heE on rlrf nurionofrhe Bnu! unralny or rhe Frlsririatr.

A Nole on Terninology

lriLl mn{nhrnoreonEmiiorosy iin, .Jl)nBl fi eld {h{e ndr d-J'rhiig.!tr be rddn s r mntF ol trcr \rre hrrN. Lsl inm €aD\ here ro detJ *nh ryhScu dis . Seu rir{ seo'lr. ed Rcrollrio. rnii Abot ^ {.ll r Dn (rks.

ldjsm lrrom f,din saculuh h.lnlig ..tury: rhddoi !, loden'pomry ) is a

lenedly used r EnsBh spcrrins m(r l $nN otdn* h g.tdly n.rnr

Pr . . r r , ' o ' o liry: r s.ulrr so.nty r one *hurc lor.denry i\ br\.d d : EDpod G.3..

Trr dn lrcism is rlien 10 soo'l& $.ictics rrese pfdo'nn'rndy Probninrso.ictios havc cithv subdued lne Cb,'nh .nd push.d it to irs sfnitusl spbeR by aLong dd efledve shssle kd by rhe tnpod powd (rhi.re of EiSlDd inpanicul.t. or $cy havc Dtnins to fer of rhe Churh becdusc rhcy hG.oricallyby pasedFctrd nn as a (rio{.otromic sysE n. rnd thearoc Lhey have nevdexpdcmed Religmn 6 ften '.oh.sion ideologl" dld Ood 6 $en'rocus or$pnme royrrry" (dr wNb oldn Eeines rilc rhc usA, Ausftli!. clmda. er.) .

riicisd in rhc tumh.xpsien€ mrs de heavy h dor$eShtoyrRuligioi;.Irnems fron LLle hisbn. sutimry ordE cnholic cbtrd dunng ftc Middle AsA ddrhe susessrd l4hr ofrhc Ferb h.qmi\ie rsxiN n. Tnis is also rh. Tu*kh deliiitioior ii. nli\orsh $e uillns ol rhe rso d.fiiiriois difftr r lor rhe Tldi!h dcliniioi nemrrmfl rhe hnb'i. spnnlq ot 6c Srlt old Rdigior nor onl! i" rhe otomrn Enpircbur de ir drc kl.qd Middk Enrem regiotr.11c ftftish R.pDhlic inh.'ired ir rrcm rheolbis' $d rhe ononm\ itrhsired ir non Byadiun.lxc Oiom,' E npetrrsuhs)rcedcd Lhri,Ak or rlre cheik ul Llin (L\e bed of Lhc 0hnai tliglous synen) tobeheidrsubjod.buriicNhecouldtr tsdiraUbenrtdedwNro'lis.haigehii'tonoflle md sa de,/a^{ fon rh. m{ cheLk{l lslfl ln Byariun thc Empm. vlntushad mmprebd supEmrcy or$ $0 Crcck Odrodor Parimh'

''R.vohdotr Ircn rboE is rhe Elorm prl4r ot rhc pdr] bou4eois ndkduds irdc\dophg .ou,!id vho try ro nakc dNep '€.chiig .hmse\ in ndery by .hmging rbcL{sorbc.omrq Ils h.n *inpk is pmbiHy $. x.ndh rtsime h Tu*ey. his n !''shod of'ol counc h.elr in .o$ti.s wh.r intmd dlmnics m qusi shsMd llreb.qeorie is mr derloprd. rid rhttrotr rhrte is no d lihle d.nird ror rcroms non

r k @

dFdm.l:hdhl&!hlfuMdkfu{$@Jr

tu r&rh dr okdnlisdo rrej46@rldd'fuchfutFllsoffidPoa.dwa

hdj.rff iE'ciid4ewbldffd

&r! r \!c Rc eo ft h ra nJiih in b r!,(

s lneEforc. iitlbdulli ur lne nrnd olrhr sbre (fromlbok)bqdrhcurion md bn ld a vri.ry llErc 'n.dod' hsbnd "r'God nthesnrcor$EEignll

6u^q rhcE ir il*uyj! bill b pry tor sodehl shotu$! heft rhis bill is pdid ar

r k . . rLe ' ! n ' i bc i . nd l i r r s r{ l l . r . ' ' p h r l . . n . r o ' h , l h c f o r 4 n d ' h . R . . r . r . n (

d. kr r pd Ltse rd i o sc i. rcrtd l\*kh spe'iem. putjsldy siic |997

tn l92r Tu*Ey !ficd 3 wolDrioi rrom $ove Kcmalism k nrove to can) rhemntry rrcm cod io Narim. 7r? n4r.asniiaries verc dovd dd evofthi'lg w$ febuih wnn L\e rim ro sculanT: the@mq nlroush rhe hicnr policy .r rh. srM

Tn.E {a\ a rrtion to i( !r rhc fi6Demokd lDcncmrl Pafry rc opened Edgious $hools (hough mt rhe ',/rdr,t.

Again, as n Facrion ro thh mcnon $ere Nas a Llirisl bilirlry .oup d E.4t on

As r rmtio. ro ii at $e fid fEe elEriodt in 1965 ocoplc oveshel'n'nsly eleccdAdNler tJtrsriftl Pd,y under DemiEl, a codriiultid or the Demokld P:ny.

A1lrhi\ proc.s cm be $hemarized follows:

1923 R!VO!U'I1ONIRoMA!oVE llricisr dtiotr):> 1950 ELEmON bopul,rrrction) + 1960 CO!P (lrci{ Erdon):>1965 EI-ECTION (populuFacrioi)

Nrtunlln rh* n be r reerid ro .h. Ntome or rhc D.mirel nsinc als. Bddr.ono on. trould erpar fla prlio'

Tdjsh cxpericnce. Quit b de conftry, &is re&rion is lslanisl' (quote rduoquotl) in oubme 0! resr.

This is e hsrus r very spe.dy indu$rial developn.d under Demnel opcns rhcsry ror fte nse ofso impond s@ial lorc6: nc t4fr md rhe Krds. Tlmsldedimo T$kish politicrr tminolosy, n Hdr "The 2 r$", (,'ralr (comunis)ve {ar{&[ (KuJdkm Kurdkh natiom]nm). Tt.1930 oup orth. Milisry k asdion ro .he 2 (s h ri.s ro mnihilaE borh moemenb, md npuQotu ro rDleede idcological v@u!m by stensn\enins Islam as a sill pstE .

or cos., tbc Milihry h iispired by rwo orher developmnb as wdl whilh @

I ]SEPTFI \ IBER I93O :>

tu!.Extmlldyiinhs:rh. c'enBela poliqonh.usdrh!riNrlrlcqdirJ

kns!scll.odtrivdtrlrionpro-rtumd..m{$n[dionrodilulrioiL .l'iftirrioul

crpilrl. rrri!loE pri!$3o u0ld vrses -qo dos )

Td rr up. thc \.!-c Ksmi5r Tullini lviliL4 i".otrlurdion with the GnndEourg$i\h ussrlilion xgrinn rrr! lrt Md rlr! Kul(rl -rhcofi.ixiLdeologr r

hcsii n Lqdold: l)Arclt.rioi !icro.J lnrm rihni! |ltrnr rhe R.frh flvdl$l Rdih Prnr- (RPi ui(rs Nclhc( ii nr[rkmcme liN in rhc cLrcliotr\ or 1995 wp{cedrsq :) Th! n\c or rhe IrL e.4trrl xl$.dl.d GNcn ctrikl or

.lSLAMIST' I{LITARY COUPOF

REFAH PARTY ELECTION IICTORY

(j ' ' \ ]ad d pdpuh ll l ln)

RP concs lo poser and starh to chane€

RoLl'h Phy lRP)o..ecomf-qtopowerirr$as ir {rs r spoilcd lhj d \fioh lrind crstrhiis d omeEdlb.kn. rhe prnr erd{ lnd dii! nitni\tct. -trr'tti( Iat th. R.tah Pdr^ nitbrnat tittt \t 'ki's lot th. (tahh r/tr,t o/ /lorun orLr'M9l ) and'NdLrtt! t!({nt i\tdh., htar\itlr.rr.arodhlrot t\ hl'nn:trd kdnsan

minntf nor (lrlr6J oIAKP (J$ri.c lndD.1cr,,plncit Pdr). lThcj srrl !r o r r i r i , , t iN r l i do r r 'Gdd l raJn ln r r r i r l , i ! / i ! r " ( l 9q l ) sevk iY jn ru

n.i. t )r tht Hi: br t kr h lHnb i '\tlar. lir!i,lLr" m'si"s:Tl'. Pdl ol codl. Nindrti!ft ru irt .f l nttur h Hi.btttdtr. Iho! \'ho tp nd Hi.r"tt'th. t'! Hi.h i

LAICIST "POST MOI)ERN COUP' OF

lLricrtm.rionl

sirirrtncrr lnreams ThcPmLyotD.rtt. sukruKudqLr|{mr),ororxarsri\rred.-n?/i',?rar.d tr?7trdirv,&.2-? Lr,,rh.mcmLimet nrLtnni,a \h.ntt1t.t joq?t th. p.ea1 !rut!! 4\1 hlk it:it1t trrt. 1996):

Il\l (cmlr ̂ rtu.kl (dd ,.4 rrir.r,, l]n{r } Abturk nchs rhe rc*m'ofr' sl t ,1 iot 4 \,r ,,t ( hr.h."

Ando f .ou6c r r ' ecn rhndmcrh i . i { r x .d . i b i r l s i n i mrh . , ! }Ny roroan.u'o icirldcdmrion.irh.!ll-p.\erfutNd'omlSrcurir) Coun.it.a

. iicl rh s dc.t,fdnf mxdeonFebjuxry13. 997 rn,r.Dnpuk.nrJ !tgned hJ prnc l\{iiir(Erhrrri {iltbe.alrd I

$ppon of Pr.sidcnl Demirel. rbey hxd rhr lmon o I F o mpodrd de meft or

I rhegdidboqeorie($hohrdhlr'h. lsrmxf coupor1930h.!xu!!tr {drrnid of.om'nM d'rrL 'imbccrufrbe'e n mcondiurnn Nr! oift.orhul trd dEijlirf)loup\ . d " . . , t . . , f ^ . , ' b , r 1 . : ,

I Th! civll so.idy ! th

ri'n.lrld romerhLng rery imp.nrnr vhichhtrPpencdwhi.htr,rrh.ssnnuLmridenrl Th sirLhcf A(i'nerhc .Deep

slxr_ dn.\ i,no.pcn dhou-2h it

Rluus olrhn \uddrn dn..\tq. $..ivil:otidl i| 'otriflclotr lirh

{ho {rns rbe Asi\e ro0ulrr denolL'gdidonlYrhi:n o'gmrdLor

bd rlrc RNhlr PrD ak

N udio$ borh rA'xs ol Lhd'k lmnr

..uD oI I980 nrL h udcrgo imrflr"o;s \6^,[ ri.\ [d h!\ son \!ho do*tr\ hfr! r dn\i0: lidne vd n tsr

rlrNdcs cL Cotrp. rid o,rlv {rh \ tl- n)rr' lr 5hdd. a bdursrois ril i it) or

dN hludhG is \!dll unl$ ltY

Th! *dd r!i,.orcsiin! ll ic I

crDihL: Thn lnrLl !n'l mdnn dnLrd : n0' *enkriYc n Musl^ D r 'otrnrut

1,,""i.i,-.,r.*"" nt*t',.t' *""c\rluftdr{somcrhi'i-q like l0billiorusdlrl$.b$ h!(f i. r ft ! 90irlr.mrin nrlntrof rhel5lNk ndeff 'lddro's

lhcrt voL hrc ro.o\cr )ouhrn uid J)fu) ljrt iDcs I drr in o'dr ro b!

dnir.dm\irhr(hoLm[ip lllustAD i5 tLlro veB nnLch.!r'ns lsneLrr

soul,.l br c\pedld mcFNr' i{trd or

' t r r ' h t ' d ' n r . O ' l ' u r f l '

oldc k,xeLi srlt MUslAD s sorcnii'rs bdrn ir |r\enl drhe 'd'rrrilDllv

- l i ve ih r rh . I sk i [ u l ccne ' r l co r \u l [ . o f I smdo iM] ] l e93 Omof l l rm

\id. ir, sruds. r{,,'r ^r?f/ tr,'.t'

orcours.. this imponlr rrnsfomdion do$.or -!o!irhour sometrrLor tom

fi. Prn nenrhcr oncorrhln sfil\u't't i^t !v-l.d ka" r, bd\k Mlllitt (.rittt^^. bnt 11P) bt'drtl

!,rt /ll^ so eol rheseplo|)le{ill ser u|lxfterrricdo\urcol RPdiesdde'

llr]j)oinc\sl Pdy a! n$$eAKP

AKP comes to po{er dnd slarts to change

Rcxcrtun rothe 23.rFcbnuo l99r lri.i{ -Pon modlm 'oud do€\ nor uit' ' l : n d ' ' r ^ o n d

' . r h . ' ' F " a C r r i " ' i n

l l{lhd ool ' \ "duio!\sEcirLLvonc!fr ir!rbcqu*rioiorrh5cil(r'n eiudor\!ih'rcilm nin ilntrtd ro di'lersl(ictespc.iilv uirLl lhc Srsbours Cod (Eurole!tr

r990s

d.tuJ mc. ri!!eR,l hJ !1,,hlltr L n.rhe

rcfirsedL.yhsilrii\app|icdioibyolitrgi\diheEilviol.l ioi! Atur rhh 2'r of rune 2004 dc.h ion, . head-onrhe "hi.isrl and the_fuidan.iralii{ in 2005.

inremrl dyi.m ics of Tu*cy i1{

e 19E0s

TlErc rhe key mn.epr Ms sloMlizarion. Olobdizdion mms conpdson rndIdmi{s loot ii rh. Inrener or l\lrmisr Televisian bmsdcNirg. rd sded roMpaa rheo ro .h. ouside wond. O.e or the ouside6 rhey lookd ido rs theEliperns. This gavc rhcn $lf confidcncc beiusc Edopeds G .iso heavily

h inc 90s. iderc$ rEe banking vas oimponot thirA ws rh8t rhe hlm'irrs sbntd very "nod.m" thi.As io. only klrmh.Teleyniodposramsmdhlahis!iepspipe butIshm "CreenPop.hrdro!k,

md meral rock sroups 6 wcll. hlamkt nand np nm *ere $?thed {nh much

s " l i 6 h ' e d o N $ h i ! n | j ! j o | c t h j t t l

i.rerr.Oieorfter{rntdr\ho{n,hom o]l.trduri'ig hc rrvci er.

lhenmlg|,n$&jltb\ilNl|rlishnbrmliri! Qresjir org b!un. Mlrh

Fdjl,ld hs PoouLr sflrh bdroi5 \u.h s,'crylIu\lin trK.Eol.0iduis.ony odiig. Gl'} Prnoi lllnL n Pom. idux. f.! S.x. Po! tr rft. m' nrm \ti Pi$

'

d a visr you sd rlii your plttrd ro !orrcly oi rlt rEds m{ybr h rld r,{f[oJIirM ir rhe prk ro hold hid.\!ihh im . !mor . ,d -e rd . . L lma lh rkn \ A \ i $v i rh iu r roucouLddr roou r i0 [ ! c

'rhe 2000sl d ,!on! bmlruPr: H ullrh s d.\Ptrldrh.lq qirNril s EU.Tne.Islrmis d!

irtonlng ir he.rsc ns rrlmsili.thui. bur rhir i\ nor .norgh h errl! i it rll ELr n simply inrloncni: xidLftidonni"3 rhr sroup rhd nrmf6 (lE n.{. rle klrmsN

Ccniii rorkpa rhl hd rhc sm! me!ni'r! l ort hrve ms d'ILrenl nclftrgli.fi. i'15orrlrhlanrinirlilioimddd s. |]oL r $ rnd ponici.n.'1tr{ tr.1]

'lhk is mtxn l\ldric rhiig. htr' ir it tro'urdii.d eirbc', rheEloR I $i do lr" so mf.h chrnle.ourd i.r Por{bLy heDbn cdbr RP. fhus. AXPnbon

opcrlr.rhr6rhc_f gn!01r otr ofrreTurrihsunin h LLrrlihr. r!pLoj.d'on in foRign lx)lltiAKP n mort prc Us and no( ndlMrirn r!

Fo, rhosc ii Trltcy vh0c.i ild drfpmc rrril?. n,!hln! dkl diis Protnrdi^ion \h.trLd mn bc d'flnflr h.omprehe id : j u j

Bdpnrmorh r rx r rh ra \no ra \s inp

d, btr( ftn is ihc very frclan r0hosh (sltdd..i he bener oidsb.d irl $y $arft.renms .hc x.'n,lh$ *e be.omin-s cadrolics-rhishfifomdio\olifyou\odesiE

*!!es thd nodcnttdnodemizs -rurkey:

To nse Minqupy,u s lods lgaii, TDr b ' . t r o r * ' l r l . ' \ e r ' t l 4 . p

'ilnJ'iun bt klr qudioninl

nr inp@r or &nxlhr (trdioidirm).

Th. inper or globdiudiotr (imemarionalism). nreE is m 'nreE('nsElr{ionship berue.. rhr r{o rhd om w

In 1920s Kcnl|nn made r rvoluriorron belo{, lne Llmji Etrion.

b io rhe 2L{xJs As rhe ]a.k of dcnand to'nbdor .onrinucs. dris is r rvolunon ft.n above asain, EU hmonianion pacr.g(dicrared by rhe Cop.nh.gcn cii.ctia rcquned by Tn*isb crndldacy to rhe EU.

Bur ther k i rery inpotunr choge rhis rinei rh*e pmhg$ ft supponed byAKPpaniculdy And. vho ir AX?l Thegtundlbildrcn of $or trho bsd pivenrhe rcerion rnn below ro rhe Kemiin rvolution fbd lboye in the 20sr

The rc$oi pmMbly lies in de hd $at (o m impodad desrc) Tu ish [email protected] bcci seuhnued by de laicisr policy or rrm,lism duine eishr decades ThkB a pdiriYs gndc tor Kcnllhn

otr rhe orhtr hmd, &is ideology .dd novcmcn. dcsdles r negdnr gEde rs well

1. B{oe ir *er rbre ro rmsfomtrkey bd $ryed welr behiid b(!us ! *slnibL.o tusfm i*lf, rs nyqudificdotr cdholic'hm aleady su!34t'1.Kenalns hlve b€i unable .o sd a p

2. More impodndy. X.malh6 m nob€lo{" ro the sond wave of rcvolulioi iion abore in dre 2000s. Tlisrcacnon cm b. cilld "rh. SUvd Penoja" alddy nentiooed n

nDh.lc 5. Kematisnx\ery pmscsnd fortnem in rhe l9l0\ hrs hcdntrhcsht Thh p.oasr oi be schem{trrl

.r whras more.rhn dar.olb! ns i\ J \clrdenid Id K.'nrlrmb.uus. rltrr! *knft ol lh( pmrorlpc of trndcntcYdoped con.rr! Miofrrnm ri\

in ALd['ki mdi i'.Por0r moro bcniltriion. conb Pr4ciril i

.1. Thc Kd,Jn6 *ho cfuf ni qu $c l9l\ md .one ro ft! 2000\ +ouldrno{rhd{nhorrbeLmplddrslobxltdionk uvKenalist$clhnrt'otr(r Tu^.))qouLdhaveprob.blver'leLlLpinrhc\i!iLrtrscncled*!fhtdrhnruShdur rhis di!. r|d{h.mrtcd r\ follo*s

' D r v . ' R v - | . \ l r l t \ l \ \ l

KFNIALIsT RE,\cTIoN. 3tc. ds.

LNbdtrorl.rl.KdirLi\r:hof ldtnoq lhxrftenbrgs$r ridorJ licsiini hl ii.

I r i s i s t r f r f r qhx tDL ed i . \ i \ r l l r bod

I

Th€ lnstiiule's molt hpnrllnt Publiations (r999-200,t)

. PoliriciLTnn\irioBinrh.Anbx'orrd,Pdo.e,ll]cocri.J Co0ldtrarionsrd rnrer resioirl Pnrrers. Phiri0nc s.hdi(orer rl I200t.lEislnh

. PoliriurTtuNniotrs i,, rticl\ b worttl. pd r*o: potiricrtTmNritns i,[hcmine rndlamt Jotrdch: tmt. tAnrbic)

. Poliri.rlTaisirionsin rhe Arnb \lnnd. Plrrrct:conrrnrrortl'l Pmdigmslidc^4. Heiry Lrua.ce d rL RogtrH.!N!lted:20r)2. (EnetshJ

. Thc Pllliinim lsrcli Decrrmronof Prii.iprN.lbn'himAhu Lushudcrrllbrrh,m Abu Lu-ehud d rrcd I rss5 (EngLrhl

. The Beconing of Rerunicc skLor Pl.iinc. Arm!.i{ Bosir Thi.trtHed(b drl: ls99 (En!li$)

.I.tm omi P.nk*dng OFgturioN: Modcl\ r.d cltre\ Mr$k colldlng.

. onAchicvlng Prlcniiiri Srdehmdr conlrprs. Etrd\xrd Mcms rmm rhePo*pecriye olrnrnariond Lr*, JemArrrin: 2002 (trnsti$)

. rhfthlm Abtr L!ghodr R.\i{!rcc. E$1! rnd Retum. cotrreisxriois trirhui\hm Ahftd. F,ntch: 2001. lErgti$)

. cllrunLConrnnolions rms rhe Medirei rE : Pricnin! md Eurcpe. ik n.L!d: lLr'r6. iEng ish aid Amb o

Eq!i!.!i,lP(Err] Ed{ard srid dll IblhiinAbu Ltrghod d al cd.: r99e.(Engrnh)

. Tlt \$r Palsrine rhe Ne{ Europc: sclecred plpds rtu,n Th. Fc&u.ry 200 |[rLil \,khtch d d: ]00r. (Enslish)

. 'fhe lmpacr olrhc kmcriErcdidr\ dr rrr Ld.r. Rcgion.l.mdrnrmano.d

coilctrme i,,Jar!4 200:r {Eng nh md turbic)

. rn pLiuliod Lf,h. lrs wf jtr rdq c orrrl] RegrnrL[y !d rndt ]: ltdultprpe^pfrrdr.dd'hrrliiorohdionxl!o eRr* l00l.lErenh.AdbirhllfErch)

heAf(dob Ttus: A ltul ^upLnaryAmr.i.rr roP en'ninn soul Hnbq: {Lcdril plper presenrd ar rlr. 96idrcmd'ond ronrereme. 2ql.l rEiglhh .nll Ar$iO

r USPolirr ddirQu-r iorPrl$rin! furdtrl Nltush'rbr lrioz i{nbL'r

. f'omlih:d ro PrNiL,lco r\isL{iltrjrBurrrLr: rlrl)i 1tugrahod \nh 'i

h. s.ulhlr l'.nofrh.P *rir'li '\!N

r Tri.l\lrn! rt|,\\Lng Orui.v r"

Hes.no.l.Ilr'm Ni t100'l lr\ b'n

. B.rond rh!Arn.d strtrgsl.. J.in '\

C$str El Ezz : )005 i^tubl.l

t Rehnn: Rdors. i\1o i jl.e\ rd r]n-!. (Prknmr $ I cAe srud!). BAem ZbJLlir

. \tuoodir) iilPrlsrini,i cn'zenihll Mu razz Q!fthr:2lttr. rAirbtr)

. PrLgrinm tulrcn ilcr Ono l99r I'rqs Issa Qmqc: l00l (AEhi'l

A Series oI srdesr. Plp.B abour Prldinim In$itur,on'i Rerorm

! w.yt ror Deydopitr! md Emp.v€nng $. Youn-q shfl ii he PNAlifillons

srmn Sslmeh lnd Frouq Eddik:2001 (Arubr)

. The Role md sr!N\ of the F.msle shfi in $e PNA lnnndions: Probl'ns

rnd s.ldions. Mmlim Rabrdi 2ml (tu$lo

. The Role or Fahh Molen€d nhc ruling pdv) lid rh. PNA FlEh afllliarcd

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