Religion AP Human Geography
Feb 22, 2016
ReligionAP Human Geography
What is religion?Religion is a set of common beliefs and
practices generally held by a group of people.Religion is human beings' relation to the
things that they regard as holy, sacred, spiritual, or divine.
Humans often get their sense of purpose and moral values from religion.
Religious beliefs are found in virtually every society throughout human history.
What questions does religion answer?Origins (where did we come from?)Purpose/meaning (why are we here?)Destiny (where are we going? what happens
when we die?)Who are we? (the nature of human nature)Who/what is god? (the nature of Ultimate
Reality)
Universalizing vs. Ethnic ReligionsUniversalizing Ethnic
Global Appeals to all peopleLocation does not matterEx. Christianity,
Buddhism, Islam
LocalAppeals to one group of
people in one placeEx. Judaism, Hinduism,
Taoism, Shinto
Mono vs. Poly TheismMonotheism Polytheism
Belief in one god.Ex. Judaism, Christianity,
Islam
Belief in multiple gods.Ex. Hinduism, Animism.
Divisions Within a ReligionBranch- large and fundamental division
within a religion.Ex. Islam in divided into Sunni and ShiaEx. Christianity is divided into Catholic,
Protestant, and East OrthodoxDenomination- division of a single branch.
Ex. Protestant denominations include Baptist, Lutheran, and Methodist.
Sect- a small group that has broken away from the larger denomination.
Major Branches Within Christianity
Universalizing: ChristianityOrigin: Jerusalem (30 AD)Founder: Jesus Christ (based on Judaism)Diffusion: Roman Empire, European Colonization, MissionariesHoly Book: Bible (Old and New Testament)Major Branches: Catholic, Protestant, E. OrthodoxCore Beliefs/ Teachings:
Jesus was messiah that the Jews were waiting for/ son of GodDied on the cross to save humans from sinBelief in Resurrection=heaven
Holy Places: Vatican, Church of Holy Sepulchre.Modern Locations: All continents, predom. In NA, SA, EUR,
AUS.Followers: Over 2 billion
Jesus, is that you?
Holy Site
Universalizing: IslamOrigin: Saudi Arabia (622 AD)Founder: Mohammad (based on Judaism)Diffusion: Arab armiesHoly Book: QuranMajor Branches: Sunni, Shiite (Shia)Core Beliefs/ Teachings:
5 Pillars of IslamMohammed is most impt. ProphetJesus is prophet, but not as impt. As Mohammed
Holy Places: Mecca (Ka’ba), MedinaModern Locations: SW Asia (Middle East), N. Africa, Central
Asia, Southern Asia. Also Europe and NA.Followers: 1.3 billion
Mecca
Universalizing: BuddhismOrigin: Nepal (530 BC)Founder: Siddhartha Gautama, original Buddha. Diffusion: Magadhan Empire, merchants (China)Holy Book: n/aMajor Branches: Mahayana, Theravada, Tantrayana.Core Beliefs/ Teachings:
Four Noble Truths (Desire= Suffering) Eightfold Path Nirvana Can follow other religions
Holy Places: 8 holy shrines, 4 miracle sites, all connect to Buddha. Modern Locations: China, SE AsiaFollowers: 400 million
Buddha
Buddhist Temple and Monks
Ethnic: HinduismOrigin: 2500-1500 BCFounder: No specific founderDiffusion: Little diffusion, relocationHoly Book: no single holy bookCore Beliefs/ Teachings:
Individual decides best way to worship godMany paths to godPolytheisticNo rigid rules
Holy Places: many (natural features, shrines, Ganges river)Modern Locations: India (97%), NepalFollowers: 900 million
Vishnu
Ganges River
Ethnic: JudaismOrigin: Canaan (Israel) (2000 BC)Founder: AbrahamDiffusion: Diaspora to Europe, to U.S. and Israel post- WWIIHoly Book: Torah (Old Testament)Core Beliefs/ Teachings:
Ten CommandmentsMonotheismStill waiting for Messiah
Holy Places: Jerusalem, Western Wall, Mt. SinaiModern Locations: Israel (1/3), U.S. (1/3), rest of world (1/3)Followers: 14 million
Abraham and Moses
Western Wall and Orthodox Jews
Other Ethnic ReligionsConfucianism (China)
Ethical principals for daily life Daoism/ Taoism (China)
Based on teachings of Lao-ZiShinto (Japan)