Reliability Improvement Methodin a Smart Distribution Grid

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Faculty of Engineering, Kasetsart University

Mr.Wirote BuakleeFebruary 17, 2013

Reliability Improvement Method

in a Smart Distribution Grid



Selected Paper

[1] Kazemi, S.; Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M.; Billinton, R.,” Reliability assessment of

an automated distribution system”, IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2007, Page(s): 223-233.

[2] Taylor, T.; Fahey, T.; Royster, T.; Engler, D.,”New Recloser functionalityenhances feeder automation”, IEE/PES Transmission and DistributionConference and Exposition, 2008, Page(s): 1-8.

[3] Kazemi, S.; Fotuhi-Firuzabad, M.; Sanaye-Pasand, M.; Lehtonen, M.,” Impacts of automatic control systems of loop restoration scheme on thedistribution system reliability”, IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2009, Page(s): 891- 902.

[4] Wernsing, R.; Hubertus, J.; Duffy, M.; Hataway, G.; Conner, D.; Nelson,E.,” Implementation of an innovative advanced loop scheme to provide

distribution reliability improvement”, IEEE Rural Electric Power Conference(REPC), 2010, Page(s): B2-B2-8.

[5] Kim, J.-C.; Cho, S.-M.; Shin, H.-S.,” Advanced Power Distribution SystemConfiguration for Smart Grid”, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 2013,Page(s): 1-6.

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3

Presentation Topics

I. Introduction

II. Reliability Improvement Method for Distribution System

Apply Loop Restoration Scheme(LRS) [1,2]

Use Close Tie before Open Method [3]

Employ Single Phase Tripping&Lock Out Scheme [4]

Apply Closed loop scheme [5]

III. Conclusion

IV. Future Research



• Advanced technologies for reliability improvement

• Ease of Control and Management

• Integrating of Distributed Energy Resources

• Supporting Demand Response

“SMART GRID” a conventional electric power systemthat has been equipped with …

I. Introduction

4



I. Introduction

• Radial Scheme

• Loop Scheme

•

Mesh Scheme

5

Typical Distribution Configuration



I. Introduction

6

Sub1

Sub

2

Relay

Relay

R1

Recloser

R1

Recloser

R2

Recloser

R2

Recloser

TieRecloser

Radial Scheme



I. Introduction

7

Sub1

Sub

2

Relay

Relay

R1

Recloser

R1

Recloser

R2

Recloser

R2

Recloser

TieRecloser

Loop Scheme



I. Introduction

8

Sub1

Sub

2

Relay

Relay

R1

Recloser

R1

Recloser

R2

Recloser

R2

Recloser

TieRecloser

Tie

Tie

Mesh Scheme



Type of Loop Scheme

9



Loop Scheme without Communication

10

R6

Sub

1

Sub

2

Relay

Relay

Recloser

R10

R1

Recloser

Recloser

R9

R2

Recloser

Recloser

R8

R3

Recloser

Recloser

R7

R5

R4

Recloser

Recloser

Recloser



Loop Scheme with Communication

11

R6

Sub

1

Sub

2

Relay

Relay

Recloser

R10

R1

Recloser

Recloser

R9

R2

Recloser

Recloser

R8

R3

Recloser

Recloser

R7

R5

R4

Recloser

Recloser

Recloser

SCADA



II. Reliability Improvement Method

• Apply Loop Restoration Scheme(LRS)

• Use Close Tie before Open Method

•

Employ Single Phase Tripping and Lock Out Scheme• Apply Closed loop scheme

12



Apply Loop Restoration Scheme(LRS)

with Automatic Control System (ACS)

13



Automated Scheme

14



Loop Restoration Scheme

15



Case Study of RBTS Bus 2

16

Case Study

FG-First GroupSG-Second Group




17

Comparison of Sustained Interruption Frequency




18

Comparison of Sustained Annual Outage Time




19

Comparison of Momentary Interruption Frequency




20

Comparison of System Reliability Indices



Use Close Tie before Open Method in Advanced Loop Scheme(ALS)

21



The Starting Point –

Automation Without Communication

Sub

1

Sub

2

Relay

Relay

R1

Recloser

R1

Recloser

R2

Recloser

R2

Recloser

TieRecloser Normally

Open Tie



Sub

1

Sub

2

Relay

Relay

R1

Recloser

R1

Recloser

R2

Recloser

R2

Recloser

TieRecloser

Original Scheme Helpful But

Not Perfect

Fault Occurs

Normally

Open Tie



Sub

1

Sub

2

Relay

Relay

R1

Recloser

R1

Recloser

R2

Recloser

R2

Recloser

TieRecloser


Not Perfect

R1 Opens toClear Fault

Normally

Open Tie



Sub

1

Sub

2

Relay

Relay

R1

Recloser

R1

Recloser

R2

Recloser

R2

Recloser

TieRecloser


Not Perfect

Tie Senses Loss

of Voltage

R2 Senses Lossof Voltage

Normally

Open Tie




Not Perfect

R2 Changes Settings After Time DelaySub

1

Sub

2

Relay

Relay

R1

Recloser

R1

Recloser

R2

Recloser

R2

Recloser


Open Tie



Sub

1

Sub

2

Relay

Relay

R1

Recloser

R1

Recloser

R2

Recloser

R2

Recloser

TieRecloser


Not Perfect

Tie Closes After

Time Delay

Normally

Open Tie




Not Perfect

R2 Opens for Fault

Sub

1

Sub

2

Relay

Relay

R1

Recloser

R1

Recloser

R2

Recloser

R2

Recloser


Open Tie



Sub

1

R1

R2

Tie

R2

R1

Sub

2

Sub

1

R1

R2

Tie

R2

R1

Sub

2

Sub

1

R1

R2

Tie

R2

R1

Sub

2

Close Tie Before Clearing Fault to

Prevent Unnecessary Interruptions



Fast, Secure Communications

Between Devices Are Key

Control 2Control 1.....

..... .....

.....

TR ANSMIT

TMB1

TMB2

.

.

.

TMB8

RMB1

RMB2

RMB8

TMB1

TMB2

TMB8

RMB1

RMB2

RMB8

RECEIVE

TR ANSMIT

RECEIVE

0

0

0

0

0

0

1

0

0

1

0

0

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.



Start With Original Circuit

Sub

1

Sub

2

Relay

Relay

R1

Recloser

R1

Recloser

R2

Recloser

R2

Recloser


Open Tie



Insert Devices

R6

Sub

1

Sub

2

Relay

Relay

Recloser

R10

R1

Recloser

Recloser

R9

R2

Recloser

Recloser

R8

R3

Recloser

Recloser

R7

R5

R4

Recloser

Recloser

Recloser

ReduceCustomers

Per Section Normally

Open Tie



Add Fiber Communication

R6

Sub

1

Sub

2

Relay

Relay

Recloser

R10

R1

Recloser

Recloser

R9

R2

Recloser

Recloser

R8

R3

Recloser

Recloser

R7

R5

R4

Recloser

Recloser

Recloser

SCADA



Control-to-Control Communication

Relay

Relay

Recloser

Recloser

Recloser

Recloser

Recloser

Recloser

Recloser

Recloser

Recloser

Recloser



R6 Recloser

R5

R4

Recloser

Recloser

R1

Recloser

R2

Recloser

R3

Recloser

Sub

1

Relay

Use Blocking Scheme to Coordinate

High-Density Protection

Normally

Open

Block Block Block



ALS Initializing

1: 51T Asserted

2: Latch Set3: Bit Transmitted

4: Bit Received

5: Latch Set

6: Bit Transmitted

7: Bit Received

8: Bit Transmitted

(Echo)

9: Bit Received

10: Tie Close

Asserted

R6 Recloser

R5

R4

Recloser

Recloser

R1

Recloser

R2

Recloser

R3

Recloser

Sub

1

Relay

Blocked Blocked

Normally

Open

Blocked



R6 Recloser

R5

R4

Recloser

Recloser

R1

Recloser

R2

Recloser

R3

Recloser

Sub

1

Relay

ALS Sectionalizing

19: Trip Asserted

18: Bit Received

17: Bit Transmitted

16: Trip Asserted

15: Bit Received

14: Bit Transmitted

(Echo)

13: Bit Received

12: Bit Transmitted

11: Tie ClosedNormally

Open

Blocked BlockedBlocked



ALS Post-Event Topology

R6 Recloser

R5

R4

Recloser

Recloser

R1

Recloser

R2

Recloser

R3

Recloser

Sub

1

Relay

InitializingRecloser Open

Isolating

Recloser Open

Tie ClosedNormally

Open



Case Study of PSE&G Company, USA

39

Before After




40




41




42



Employ Single Phase Tripping and

Lock Out Scheme

43



Automated Loop Sectionalizing Scheme

44

Three-Phase, Five-Recloser Loop Sectionalizing Scheme



Single Phase Tripping and Lock out

45



Fault at F1

46



Fault at F2

47



Fault at F3

48



Case Study of Dominion Company, USA

49

5 reclosers, 45 mile, 34.5 kV

5,145 customers



Case Study of Dominion Company, USA

50



Advanced Distribution System

Configuration(Closed loop scheme)

51



Conventional Distribution System

52

DAS-5 min

Anti-Islanding of DG = 0.5 sec

DG reconnecting = 5 min



Closed Loop Configuration

53

C S d f KEPCO K



Case Study of KEPCO, Korea

54

C St d f KEPCO K




55

C St d f KEPCO K




56

Loss during 24 hour for each case

C St d f KEPCO K




57

Voltage Profile for Case 1 and Case 3

L C fi ti S l ti Al ith



Loop Configuration Selection Algorithm

58

for loss maximization

Generate tie switch cases for loop configuration

Carry out power flow analysis for 24 h

Calculate Accumulated Switch Voltage (ASV)

Select the case with the maximum total ASV for loss

minimization.

C St d f KEPCO K




59

ASV for each tie-switch

C St d f KEPCO K




60

Voltage Profile with DG for Case 1 and Case 3

III C l i



61

III. Conclusion

There are a lot of methods to be applied in a SmartDistribution Grid to improve the system reliability

Operate as Closed loop configuration can improve bothreliability indices and system loss as well as voltageprofile.

IV F t R h



62

IV. Future Research

Optimal of automatic device (RTU, Switch,) should befurther studied.

Reliability Assessment in Closed loop distribution systemshould be studied

Study of the impact on Power Quality in case of usingSingle Phase Tripping and Lock out scheme should bedone

T d G d H i S i t



Toward Green and Happiness Society

Reliability Improvement Methodin a Smart Distribution Grid

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