SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5 Release Information April 2015 1/36 Release Information – PSS ® SINCAL Platform 11.5 This document describes the most important additions and changes to the new program version. See the product manuals for a more detailed description. 1 General Remarks 2 1.1 Licensing 2 1.2 External Programs 2 1.3 Russian Language 2 2 PSS ® SINCAL 3 2.1 User Interface 3 2.2 Electrical Networks 6 2.3 Pipe Networks 18 3 PSS ® NETOMAC 21 3.1 New Model Editor 21 3.2 New Automation Functions 29 3.3 User Interface 32 3.4 Calculation Methods 34
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SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
Release Information
April 2015 1/36
Release Information – PSS®SINCAL Platform 11.5
This document describes the most important additions and changes to the new program version. See the
product manuals for a more detailed description.
1 General Remarks 2
1.1 Licensing 2
1.2 External Programs 2
1.3 Russian Language 2
2 PSS®SINCAL 3
2.1 User Interface 3
2.2 Electrical Networks 6
2.3 Pipe Networks 18
3 PSS®NETOMAC 21
3.1 New Model Editor 21
3.2 New Automation Functions 29
3.3 User Interface 32
3.4 Calculation Methods 34
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
Release Information
April 2015 2/36
1 General Remarks
1.1 Licensing
PSS SINCAL 11.5 Platform uses the same license file as the preceding PSS SINCAL 11.0 version.
In order to activate the software it is only necessary to assign the license file to the new version using
the PSS Tool utility program.
If you need a new license file or have any questions about the licensing, please contact the Product
In response to many requests from users, the supplementary graphic elements are now also stored
in the database. The supplementary graphic objects have been fully incorporated in the variant
management and can also be generated directly in the database in the same way as the network
elements, such as when making GIS couplings.
Saving in the database was provided for the following supplementary graphic objects:
Line
Rectangle
Ellipse
Arc
Polyline
Freehand line
Text field
Frame
Hilite
Legend
Graphics
Diagrams
However, the saving of the supplementary graphic elements in the database is relatively complex
because the different elements have different attributes, which do not fit well in relational structures
(e.g. long texts with variable length). The saving of the display order with a relational database can
also only be implemented poorly.
In order to save all the data of the supplementary graphic elements different tables are therefore
required:
Table name Table description
GraphicObjPnt Graphic object point
GraphicObjBase Graphic object base
GraphicObjLegend Graphic object legend
GraphicObjText Graphic object text
GraphicOrder Graphic order
The GraphicObjBase table is the basis for all supplementary graphic elements. This saves the basic
data of all elements. Depending on the object type, other tables are then assigned.
The buckle points of objects are stored (e.g. for polygon and freehand line) in the GraphicObjPoint
table. The GraphicObjText table manages all variable length texts. The GraphicObjLegend table is
specially provided for managing the extended data of the legend.
The display order of network elements and supplementary graphic objects is stored in the
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
Release Information
April 2015 4/36
GraphicOrder table. The table is in the form of a linked list. This is designed to ensure that the
display order can also be managed efficiently in the database.
Information about the attributes in the tables is provided in the Database Description manual in
chapter Tables of Network Graphics.
When updating existing networks, all the supplementary graphic elements stored in the SIN file are
automatically transferred to the database.
Background Images in the Database
The background images available in PSS SINCAL are used primarily with GIS couplings. These
make it possible to display extensive external vector and background images directly in the network
graphic.
The definitions of background images are now also saved in the database in the same way as the
supplementary graphic objects. This ensures that these are likewise available via the database and
can also be modified by external applications. The background images are saved in the
GraphicBackground table.
Attribute name Data type Short name
Unit Std. Description
GraphicBackground_ID Long Integer 0 Primary Key – Graphic Background
Variant_ID Long Integer 1 Secondary Key – Variant
Flag_Variant Integer 1 Element of Current Variant
GraphicLayer_ID Long Integer 0 Secondary Key – Graphic Layer
GraphicArea_ID Long Integer 1 Secondary Key – Graphic Area/Tile
OrderNo Integer 0 Type of Text
File Text (255) 0 File Name
Visible Integer 0 Visibility Flag
PosX Double 0.25mm 0 Position X
PosY Double 0.25mm 0 Position Y
Width Double 0.25mm 0 Width
Height Double 0.25mm 0 Height
Brightness Integer 0 Brightness
Contrast Integer 0 Contrast
Alpha Integer 0 Alpha
Enhanced Symbol Display in the Network Graphic
The symbol display has been extended with electrical networks for the three-winding transformer.
The ground connection can now also be displayed if required. The display of extended ground
symbols is activated here globally in the view settings. The grounding is then shown at the symbol
using the zero-phase sequence data specified for the network elements.
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
Release Information
April 2015 5/36
Enhanced Excel Import
The Excel import integrated in PSS SINCAL now supports the new XLSX Format of current
Microsoft Office applications as well as the XLS file format. This makes it possible to also import
larger networks since there is no restriction in the number of lines with this file format.
The Import of Graphic Data was likewise enhanced. In response to the requests of users, the
import of node positions in the Gauß-Krüger format was reactivated. The network graphic from Excel
can now be imported as follows:
Simplified with graphics from node data based on longitude and latitude
Simplified with graphics from node data based on Gauß-Krüger coordinates
Extended with graphic data for nodes and elements in your own spreadsheets
The graphic import is configured in the Options tab of the Import Excel dialog box. If the Graphic
generation from node data option is activated, it is possible to configure in an enhanced setting
dialog box whether the node data is to be imported in the form of longitude and latitude or as Gauß-
Krüger coordinates. However, this option is only available if the import of the extended graphic data
is not activated in the file assignment.
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
Release Information
April 2015 6/36
2.2 Electrical Networks
Improved Performance in the Load Flow Calculation
In order to reduce the number of iterations of the load flow calculation, the node voltages are no
longer directly pre-assigned with the slack voltage, but an improved initial voltage is determined by
means of a network tracing.
Furthermore, a wide range of different optimizations were implemented in the load flow calculation in
order to increase computing speed for large networks and networks with poor convergence:
Improved initial values for the initial load flow in the contingency analysis and reliability
calculation
Improved access to element data in the load flow iteration
Optimizations for limit value checks and accuracy queries
Improved speed for load profile and motor startup calculation
Improved Controlling in the Load Flow Calculation
The algorithms for transformer control in PSS SINCAL have up to now not taken the effects of the
vector group on the voltage controller into account. Whilst this is not a problem in symmetrical
networks, control becomes problematic in asymmetrical networks since the effects of tap positions
may in some circumstances cause unwanted changes in the target voltage. Control was therefore
adapted in asymmetrical networks to the transformer vector group. Depending on the vector group,
the controller and the side of the controlled node, the voltage is used for the controller that is affected
by a change in the tap position:
Controlled node on Y or Z side of the transformer
o Control of the phase-ground voltage
Controlled node on D side of the transformer
o Control of the phase-ground voltage, if the controlled node is grounded
o Control of the phase-phase voltage, if the controlled node is not grounded
Inclusion of the Phase Rotation in the Symmetrical Load Flows
The phase rotation of transformers was not previously included in the symmetrical load flows. Only a
topology check was carried out before the load flow in order to identify input faults. This check
reported the connections with different phase rotations as faults.
However, for a precise modeling of a network, the phase rotation in the load flow must also be taken
into account with symmetrical networks. This is particularly the case with transformer taps if
additional phase rotations come from the controller. The phase rotation of the transformers is
therefore now also included in symmetrical networks. This provides the following benefits:
Fewer problems with external data volumes
Identical determination of voltage in symmetrical and asymmetrical networks
Uniform initialization of voltage with phase rotation – thus resulting in improved convergence
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
Release Information
April 2015 7/36
Enhanced Voltage Setting for Asymmetrical Networks
It was previously necessary in PSS SINCAL to set the line-line voltage for all network elements. This
also applied to 1-phase subnetworks in which only the line-ground voltage is actually used. In order
to make the modeling of these kinds of subnetworks more understandable, it is now possible to
define for the network level whether the rated voltage is a Line-Line Voltage or a Line-Ground
Voltage.
The following illustration shows the assignment of a line to the network level with line-ground voltage.
The voltage (1) must be entered in the same way as the voltage of the assigned network level (2,3).
order to model the network elements in PSS SINCAL, the following conventions apply:
Powers: Always enter the total power of all the phases.
Impedances: Always enter the impedance for each phase.
Voltages: Like the voltage entry for the network level, the line-line or line-ground voltage must be
entered.
With these agreements, you can include all existing symmetrical networks directly in the
asymmetrical load flow calculations without modifying input data. If you add asymmetrical
subnetworks, you can immediately calculate asymmetrical load flow.
Enhancements to the Short Circuit Calculation
A new option has been provided for the calculation of the surge current for the short circuit according
to VDE 0102/IEC 909: Ratio R/X at fault location R/X < 0.3. The following calculation methods are
therefore now available (detailed information on the calculation are provided in the standard in
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
Release Information
April 2015 8/36
chapter 4.3 Peak Short Circuit Current):
Uniform ratio R/X
Ratio R/X at fault location
Ratio R/X at fault location R/X < 0.3
Equivalent frequency
Radial network
The difference between the Ratio R/X at fault location and Ratio R/X at fault location R/X < 0.3
methods is the application of the following "optional provision" from the standard: As long as R/X
stays less than 0.3 in all branches, it is not necessary to use the factor 1.15.
The Simulation of DC Infeeders in the Short Circuit was also enhanced. DC infeeders have the
same angle of current in the load flow and in the short circuit. However, VDE 0102/IEC 909 stipulates
a different current angle for the short circuit. This angle can therefore be set as required.
The Additional Short Circuit Data field enables the short circuit current of the DC infeeder to be
influenced. If this option is activated, the short circuit current of the DC infeeder has the angle set in
the Angle Short Circuit field.
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
Release Information
April 2015 9/36
Simplified Decay Behavior of Synchronous Machines in the Short Circuit
The impedance response over time of synchronous machines in the short circuit is normally modeled
with the dynamic data. However, as this data is not available for many machines, a simplified decay
of the short circuit current was provided by means of an exponential function:
/tkpkkp
e)I"I(I)t(I
In the event of a short circuit the initial shortcircuit current AC Ik" flows at time t = 0.0 due to the
subtransient reactance of the machine. At time t = infinity, however, the sustained short circuit current
Ikp to be stated in the basic data flows (if 0.0 is set, the simple decay of 2.2 times of the rated current
is used).
The Time Constant Tau used in the formula can be defined in the System Data tab of the
synchronous machine.
The simple decay is only used if a precise decay is not stated via the stability data. The simplified
decay is included in the following procedures:
Short circuit according to IEC 61 363
The tripping current is determined with the increased impedance at the time of the switch delay.
Protection coordination
Depending on the tripping time, a higher impedance is produced for the next calculation (loop).
The impedance of the machine does not change during the static calculation of a loop.
Dynamics
For this a Parkian model is defined from the subtransient reactance, sustained short circuit and
time constant.
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
Release Information
April 2015 10/36
ANSI Codes of the Individual Tripping Units in the Protection Documentation
The PSS SINCAL user interface shows the tripping zones and tripping units using terms according to
IEC. However, ANSI codes are also commonly used in many regions:
Term according to IEC: I>, IE>, etc.
Term according to ANSI: 50, 50N, etc.
In order to simplify use of the protection coordination also in these regions, the protection manual
now contains the new chapter Protection Designations According to ANSI. This shows the input
screen forms of PSS SINCAL together with the corresponding ANSI codes.
Enhanced Tripping Behavior in the Protection Coordination
With modern digital protection devices, all tripping zones/units to be tripped have an individual or a
common time register. PSS SINCAL now enables this to be set individually with the following steps
and tripping units with the new Tripping Time Behavior option:
DI settings predefined
DI settings user-defined
DI pickup area phase and ground
All forms of pickup
Special form of pickup and tripping
OC protection settings
Voltage tripping
A common time register for the delay times of the individual tripping units normally results in shorter
clearing times in the network. This is particularly the case if the pickup changes to a tripping unit with
a shorter delay time. This is explained with the following example.
Protection device A with the following structure:
o Tripping unit 1 with 200 millisecond delay time
o Mechanical delay of 30 milliseconds
Protection device B with the following structure:
o Tripping unit 1 with 250 millisecond delay time
o Tripping unit 2 with 750 millisecond delay time
o Mechanical delay of 30 milliseconds
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
Release Information
April 2015 11/36
Tripping behavior of protection device B with common time register for the delay time:
The common time register for the delay times of tripping unit 1 and 2 starts the delay time when the fault occurs (pickup of tripping unit 2).
After the topology change at 230 ms tripping unit 1 picks up.
Protection device B can trip after 250 ms.
The fault is cleared after 280 ms.
Tripping behavior of protection device B with individual time register for the delay time:
The individual time register prevents the delay time of tripping unit 1 from starting until after the topology change in the network after 230 ms.
Protection device B trips 250 ms later, after 480 ms.
The fault is cleared after 510 ms.
A
Tripping unit 1: not picked up
Tripping unit 2: after 750 ms
Time step 1:
B
Tripping after 200 ms
230 ms
A
Tripping unit 1: after 250 ms
Time step 2:
B
Tripping after 200 ms
280 ms
A
Tripping unit 1: not picked up
Tripping unit 2: after 750 ms
Time step 1:
B
Tripping after 200 ms
230 ms
A
Tripping unit 1: after 480 ms
Time step 2:
B
Tripping after 200 ms
510 ms
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
Release Information
April 2015 12/36
Configuration of the Loop Impedances in the Protection Coordination
With modern digital protection devices, the loop impedances can be used for the phase and ground
tripping.
Without a special setting, PSS SINCAL uses the following loop impedances for the phase and
ground tripping:
Phase tripping – phase impedances condition A
o Loop impedance L1 – ground
o Loop impedance L2 – ground
o Loop impedance L3 – ground
o Loop impedance L1 – L2
o Loop impedance L2 – L3
o Loop impedance L3 – L1
Ground tripping – phase impedances condition B
o Loop impedance L1 – ground
o Loop impedance L2 – ground
o Loop impedance L3 – ground
If this does not apply to a protection device, this can be set individually by assigning Loop
Impedance Data in the Directional Element tab. This is useful for the tripping behavior with a two-
phase ground fault, since without individual settings PSS SINCAL does not use the loop impedance
of the phase-phase loop for the ground tripping.
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
Release Information
April 2015 13/36
It can now be defined with the directional element how the Angle Evaluation works. The following
options are available here:
Normal:
Directional element operates as before.
Modify V:
Instead of the voltage of the actual impedance loop, the sum of the voltage of the other phases
rotated by 90 degrees is used.
Modify V and I:
In addition to the correction of the voltage, the ground current is ignored for phase-ground loops.
Enhanced Displays for I/t Diagrams of the Protection Coordination
With synchronous machines the Decay Behavior of the Short Circuit Current can be defined. This
decay of the short circuit current can now also be visualized in the I/t diagram. For this the display of
the decay behavior in the Protection tab of the synchronous machine must be activated.
The short circuit current characteristics in the I/t diagram are determined with the Working Voltage
and the decay behavior of the machine. The State Decay Current selection field is used to control
the display in the I/t diagram:
No data:
No current is shown in the I/t diagram.
Ia:
The I/t diagram shows the effective value of the tripping current.
Iasym:
The I/t diagram shows the asymmetrical tripping current.
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
Release Information
April 2015 14/36
The display of Transformers in the I/t Diagram was likewise enhanced. Previously, the destruction
through overheating was represented in the I/t diagram with a constant I²t of 25 times the rated
current for 2 seconds. ANSI C57.92 stipulates, however, that the destruction of the transformer is
divided into thermal and mechanical destruction. For both types of destruction, there are formula for
determining the relevant damage curve irrespective of the rated apparent power for two-winding
transformers. PSS SINCAL calculates both characteristic curves and the "least favorable" is then
displayed in the I/t diagram.
Decay Behavior of a Synchronous Machine: Damage Curve of a Transformer:
Protection Coordination Based on Stability Calculation
It has been possible since PSS SINCAL 11.0 to include protection devices positioned in the network
in the stability calculation. This function is the cornerstone for the protection coordination based on
the stability calculation. However, no dynamic simulation is carried out here which then supplies the
results in the form of diagrams. Instead, a complete protection coordination in the pickup and tripping
of protection devices with the stability calculation can be defined. The results are evaluated in the
same way as the previous protection coordination, i.e. loop results are generated for each fault,
which show the changes over time in the network up to the clearing of the fault.
The currents and voltages of the protection devices are determined through a stability calculation.
However, the execution of the protection simulation varies here according to the selected calculation
method.
3-Phase Short Circuit and Ground Fault, 2-Phase Short Circuit and Ground Fault, 1-Phase
Ground Fault
The protection simulation is carried out for each fault observation. The fault or open circuit stated with
the fault observation is ignored. All element switch times are likewise ignored. At the location of the
fault observation the short circuit is calculated which was selected at the start of the protection
simulation. The short circuit occurs at the time t = 0.0.
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
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If the pickup time of a protection device is permanently reached, this protection device trips and
determines also the time for the first time loop. For all other time steps of the stability calculation the
connection of the protection device that trips is opened. This process is repeated until the fault
current equals 0.0.
All open connections are then reclosed for the consideration of the next fault.
Fault Event
The protection simulation is carried out for each fault event. All fault observations of the fault event
are simulated in the network at the time t = 0.0. All element switch times are ignored.
If the pickup time of a protection device is permanently reached, this protection device trips and
determines also the time for the first time loop. For all other time steps of the stability calculation the
connection of the protection device that trips is opened. This process is repeated until all fault
currents equal 0.0.
All open connections are then reclosed for the consideration of the next fault event.
Fault Sequence
The protection simulation is carried out for each fault event. All fault observations of the fault event
are simulated in the network at the specified time. All element switch times are likewise simulated.
If the pickup time of a protection device is permanently reached, this protection device trips and
determines also the time for the first time loop. For all other time steps of the stability calculation the
connection of the protection device that trips is opened. This process is repeated until all fault
currents equal 0.0.
All open connections are then reclosed for the consideration of the next fault sequence.
Starting the Protection Coordination Based on Stability Calculation
In order to start the new protection coordination, a new menu item has been provided in the main
menu at Calculate – Protection Device Coordination as well as in the pop-up menu for fault
observations.
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
Release Information
April 2015 16/36
Current-Dependent Determination of Line Temperature
Previously, the cable and overhead line temperature in the load flow calculation was assumed to be
a constant average temperature. However, the temperature of the cable increases when it is under
load and the active resistance is increased. This temperature increase can be stated using a new
characteristic curve which represents current and temperature increase.
The ambient temperature is used as the starting temperature. Like the already available temperature
settings, this is defined in the network level. The following additional fields are available here:
Overhead line ambient temperature, overhead line temperature increase (additional temperature
increase through sunlight), cable ambient temperature.
The actual current-dependent temperature is determined by means of a characteristic curve that is
assigned to the line. Depending on the load current, a new temperature and thus also a new active
resistance is determined for the load flow iteration.
The current-dependent determination of the temperature is included in all calculation methods based
on the load flow.
Current and Voltage Transformers in Dynamic Simulation
It is now possible to output the secondary values of current and voltage transformers in the diagrams.
As soon as current and voltage transformers are present in the network, these can be selected in the
Plot Definition dialog box for dynamics.
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
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April 2015 17/36
In order to output the currents of current transformers, an EMT simulation must be carried out and
the dynamic data of the current transformer must be entered correctly.
The primary resistance, the secondary resistance and the main reactance at least are required. If
these attributes are not defined, it is not possible to include the current transformer in the dynamic
simulation and so no signal is plotted.
CIM 16
The CIM 16 import and export in PSS SINCAL have been further improved. There is now a Common
Grid Model Exchange Standard (CGMES) conformity declaration for PSS SINCAL 11.5. This was
completed on the basis of extensive tests and adaptions in order to ensure that the requirements of
the CGMES of 02.04.2014 are also fulfilled.
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
Release Information
April 2015 18/36
2.3 Pipe Networks
Temperature-Dependent Determination of Consumption
The ambient temperature is an essential factor for determining consumption when planning pipe
networks. During planning, the network is redesigned many times for maximum consumption.
However, as the maximum consumption for many consumers depends on the ambient temperature,
the maximum does not occur at the same time and the planning results in an overdesigned network.
A temperature-dependent consumption calculation makes it possible to include the simultaneity of
consumers in the planning. This enables a realistic network model with lower consumption values to
be produced. The results enable a weaker network to be designed or for existing networks to be
operated for longer without any expansion.
The temperature consumption characteristics are assigned directly at the consumer, and the air
temperature (= ambient temperature) is defined in the network level.
The following examples show the same consumption behavior for different power and temperature
settings at a design temperature of -20 degrees.
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
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April 2015 19/36
Absolute Consumption and Absolute Temperature
The absolute consumption from the interpolation in the characteristics curve is used as the consumption value in the calculation.
The air temperature is used for the interpolation in the characteristics.
Relative Consumption and Absolute Temperature
The relative consumption from the interpolation in the characteristics curve plus the consumption stated at the consumer are used as the consumption value in the calculation.
The air temperature is used for the interpolation in the characteristics.
Factor for Consumption and Absolute Temperature
The consumption stated at the consumer multiplied by the factor from the interpolation in the characteristics curve is used as the consumption value in the calculation.
The air temperature is used for the interpolation in the characteristics.
Absolute Consumption and Difference to Design Temperature
The absolute consumption from the interpolation in the characteristics curve is used as the consumption value in the calculation.
The air temperature minus the design temperature is used for the interpolation in the characteristics.
Aabs
Tabs
100
0
-30 -20 -10 0 10
Arel
Tabs
-100
0 -30 -20 -10 0 10
AFct
Tabs
1.0
0 -30 -20 -10 0 10
Aabs
Trel
100
0
-10 0 10 20 30
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
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April 2015 20/36
Relative Consumption and Difference to Design Temperature
The relative consumption from the interpolation in the characteristics curve plus the consumption stated at the consumer are used as the consumption value in the calculation.
The air temperature minus the design temperature is used for the interpolation in the characteristics.
Factor for Consumption and Difference to Design Temperature
The consumption stated at the consumer multiplied by the factor from the interpolation in the characteristics curve is used as the consumption value in the calculation.
The air temperature minus the design temperature is used for the interpolation in the characteristics.
Arel
Trel
-100
0
-10 0 10 20 30
AFct
Trel
1.0
0 -10 0 10 20 30
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
Release Information
April 2015 21/36
3 PSS®NETOMAC
3.1 New Model Editor
The PSS NETOMAC user interface now offers a new model editor which replaces the previous one
based on Microsoft VISO.
The Model Editor enables complex dynamic models to be created through the simple placing of
graphic blocks. The possible uses here are unlimited since all essential controller types and
controller blocks available in PSS NETOMAC are provided.
The models created here are saved in a special XMAC file which contains both the model graphics
as well as the required parameters for the model blocks. These XMAC models can be used in
PSS NETOMAC, PSS SINCAL and PSS E directly, i.e. without any further processing (e.g. compiling
or linking).
The following illustrates the creation, testing and use of models in order to convey how the new
Model Editor is used.
Creating a New Model
In order to create a new model, use the wizard integrated in the user interface at File – New – Model
File.
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The first page of the wizard enables you to enter a name for the model as well as an additional
description. The Add model file to project option enables the new model to be integrated directly in
the currently opened PSS NETOMAC project. The second page of the wizard is used to define the
size of the drawing sheet for the new model. However, the default settings made here in the wizard
can be modified later at any time. Click Finish to create the new model file and also display it in the
Model Editor.
Nothing is displayed at first apart from a blank drawing sheet. However, this sheet is the work area
on which the new model is created. The most important functions for editing the model are provided
directly in the Toolbar of the Model Editor. This provides fast access to functions for marking
elements, for zooming the view, for creating blocks and connectors, as well as for setting model
parameters.
Other functions are provided in the Toolbox. Besides the functions provided in the toolbar, this
provides functions for creating supplementary graphic elements as well as for editing and aligning
elements.
The creation of a model starts normally with the definition of the output block. This defines the type of
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
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the model. The following example shows the modeling of the standard ESAC8B voltage controller.
To do this, the Insert Output function is activated in the toolbar of the Model Editor.
It is then possible to position the output block at any position in the Model Editor by simply clicking
the required spot. This then displays a selection list in which all available output blocks are listed.
The list can be filtered by simply typing. The required output type can then be selected by double-
clicking or by pressing the Return key. After the selection list is closed, the new block is shown in the
Model Editor.
…
The new block in the Model Editor is already selected. The pink marking point indicates the position
where a connector can be added.
Double-click the output block to edit its parameters. This will open a data screen form in which all the
parameters of the block are listed in different tabs.
All input blocks are normally created after the output block is defined. Exactly the same procedure is
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
Release Information
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used again here. The Insert Input function is selected in the toolbar.
As previously described, the inputs are positioned in the Model Editor. Four machine sizes are
required for our controller: PSS, EC, VOEL and VUEL. The input block MACHINE is therefore
selected from the list and the first block is positioned in the Model Editor. The screen form is opened
by double-clicking the block and it is assigned the required parameters.
The process is repeated for the three other input blocks. This produces the following graphic in the
end.
Once the input blocks and the output block have been created, the actual controller blocks can be
created between them. A first order delay element is connected at the input with the compensated
excitation voltage (ECOMP). For this the Insert Block function first has to be activated in the toolbar.
SIEMENS PSS SINCAL Platform 11.5
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As before, the block can then be inserted by clicking the required position in the Model Editor. The
block type DE1 is selected from the list.
After the selection list is closed, the block is displayed. We can now see four differently colored
marking points here.
Pink: Input variables of the block
Blue: Output variables of the block
Yellow: Limits of the block
Gray: Position for texts
The new block must then be connected with the ECOMP input block. The Insert Connector function
can be activated for this in the toolbar. This enables the creation of a connector between a block
output and a block input. However, the connector can be created even more easily by selecting the
block for which the connector is to be linked to the output. In our case this is the ECOMP input block.
(1)
(2)
The cursor symbol changes when the cursor is placed over the blue marking point (1). This indicates
that a connection to an input marking point can be created here directly by clicking and dragging. To
do this, place the cursor with the left mouse button held down over the required target block, in our
case over the delay element. The marking points where the connection is possible are indicated. The
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connection is created (2) when the mouse button is released over a marking point.
The models can normally also be parameterized individually. With our delay element, the lag time
constant is to be variable. To do this, the dialog box for defining the model variables is opened either
via the toolbar or via Model – Variables and Equations.
Any variable can be defined in the dialog box. The variables are identified with a unique name. A
description and also limit values can also be defined for greater efficiency. However, the value of the
variable is particularly important here. This is the default value, which is used if the variable is not
explicitly defined when the model is used.
The variable defined in this way can now be assigned in the delay element. To do this, the delay
element is double-clicked to open the relevant screen form, and the variable #TR is assigned to the
Lag time constant field.
The other blocks are created and parameterized in the same way until the model is complete.
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Testing the Model
The procedure for creating a model is similar to programming: Input data is processed and an output
value is determined, according to the defined background conditions. As with programming, errors
can also be made when the model is created, and so it must be possible to verify the processing of
the data in the model with appropriate tests.
In order to test models, the toolbar of the Model Editor features a special drop-down menu providing
all the required functions.
An open loop test is normally carried out first of all in order to test the implementation of a model. In
this test a model is tested without any connection to the network. For this to be possible, the model
must be provided with all the necessary data. This data is defined in the Debug Properties dialog
box.
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The dialog box contains a browser with the following sections:
Inputs
The values at inputs and outputs can be predefined here for open loop operation.
It is also possible to define a jump function for the inputs. In other words, the value of the input is
changed over time. This enables the processing of the model to be checked when a jump
function occurs.
Outputs
A pre-defined output value can also be defined here for the open loop test for special controller
types.
Variables
This section contains exactly the same variables that were defined in the Variables and
Equations dialog box under Variables. Any values are assigned here to the variables for the
diagnostics. This makes it possible to check how the model behaves with different parameters.
Globals
The global model variables are listed in this section. Like the variables, these can also be
changed specially for the diagnostics in order to test how the model works with these settings.
Before the dynamic behavior of a model is tested, the structural correctness of the model has to be
tested. The Verify Model function is provided for this purpose. This checks whether all variables
used in the model have actually been defined and whether all blocks in the Model Editor are provided
with connectors. If there are any errors, messages are output in the message window.
As soon as all errors have been rectified in the model, this can be simulated dynamically with the
Run Model function. This checks the behavior of the model with a dynamic simulation in open loop
operation. The calculation time and the simulation time step are defined with the global debug
parameters #TSIM and #SIMDT. The signals of all outputs of the model are recorded and output in
an RES file. These can then be visualized in diagrams.
Using the Model
In order to use an XMAC model in PSS NETOMAC, this is simply linked in the NET file with an
Include command. The Insert Model function is provided in the pop-up menu of the text editor in
order to simplify this step. This function opens a file manager for selecting the required XMAC model.
The selected model is then added in the text editor with all the required controller parameters.
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It can naturally also be used in PSS SINCAL. This incorporates the new XMAC models in exactly the
same ways as the MAC models. The required model is selected in a data screen form and the
parameters of the model can then be edited in an input list.
The XMAC models are used in PSS E in the same way as in PSS SINCAL. The required model can
be selected in a dialog box in the user interface. The parameters of the model are also offered for
editing in an input list.
3.2 New Automation Functions
Like PSS SINCAL, automation functions have been provided for the user interface and the
calculation methods of PSS NETOMAC. These enable work processes in the user interface to be
automated and also the use of the calculation methods in other applications.
The automation functions are provided via COM interfaces, which can be used directly by virtually all
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programming languages and many applications. The following example shows the start of the load
flow calculation with a simple VBS script.
' Create an internal In-Process server
Set SimulateObj = WScript.CreateObject( "Netomac.Simulation" )