The Historic Conflict of Science and Religion The classical Jewish 'Monotheistic Concept of One God', a powerful unifying idea over disparate dark "forces", was an essential precursor to modern science and its methods - Relativity Science Calculator "Reserve your right to think, for even to think wrongly is better than not to think at all" - Hypatia ( circa born 350 to 370? - murdered by Christian hands 415 AD ) "The highest principles for our aspirations and judgments are given to us in the Jewish - Christian religious tradition" - Albert Einstein ( 1879 - 1955 ) "Science without religion is lame. Religion without science is blind" - Albert Einstein ( 1879 - 1955 ) "When the solution is simple, God is answering" - Albert Einstein ( 1879 - 1955 ) Thumbnail History of Religions and Science Relativity mathematical science doesn't come out of any Jewish or Christian Bible, does it? In fact, nothing really scientific comes out of any bible, does it? Perhaps for the Old Testament there is an attempt at trying to explain the "origin of everything", this could be admitted. And the Old Testament is as much a Book of Jewish History as it is about metaphysical ontology. The New Testament does bring forth newer concepts of ethics and human values, which in itself is something worthy for our present day. But none of these religious tracts in the final analysis has anything important to say about modern science or advanced mathematics, do they? On the other hand, forget about the Koran, rather that's all about killing or subjugating Jews, infidel and crusader Christians, with the remainder being less than worthy Hindus, Buddhists, atheists and such. Also as an added insult to the mother religion of Islam and Christianity, Islamic adherents of the Koran speak of Jews as pigs and apes. Although the supreme ignominy for propagating historic anti - semitism does indeed belong to The Roman Catholic Church and The Evangelical Lutheran Church. [ See: "Vatican Policy In the Second World War", copyright 1946, by L.H. ( Leo Herbert ) Lehmann ( 1895 - 1976 ), Library of Congress, LC control no.: 46019601, LCCN permalink: http://lccn.loc.gov/46019601. As regards The Evangelical Lutheran Church see the chapter: "anti - semitism and Special Relativity ( Or, Who was the Very First German Nazi? )", Relativity Science Calculator. For further erudition, read "Hitler's Willing Executioners, Ordinary Germans and The Holocaust", by Daniel Jonah Goldhagen; and then read down below Einstein's statement on The Holocaust and Europe's Jews, National Archives Control Number NNSM(s)-306-EN-8554, Sound Credit: Voice of America Broadcast, December 10, 1945, where an early cure for cancer and other advances in the sciences and mathematics died at Auschwitz owing to Nazism's secular religion. ] Finally as regards so-called "Crusader Christians", it was the forces of Mohammed's Islam which truly began the first crusades against Christian Europe beginning in the 650s A.D. or thereabouts. It was only until Saturday, October 11th, 732 A.D. when the grandson of Charlemagne ( Father of Europe, Greatest King of Europe ), Charles ( "The Hammer" ) Martel, and his Frankish soldiers began the long and bloody turnabout at Poitiers, France, at the Battle of Tours ( aka Battle of Poitiers ) when the Islamic Saracen army of mounted Arabs and Berbers were roundly defeated! Other immediate victories by Charles ( "The Hammer" ) Martel against Islamic Saracens occurred at Avignon ( 737 A.D. ) and Corbière ( 738 A.D. ). And notwithstanding the current battles against the darker forces of Islam presently raging today in the East, it was at the Siege of Vienna in 1529 by the moslem Turks under Sultan Suleiman I, in an attempt to capture the Christian city of Vienna, Austria, that best represented Islam's unremitting and continuing desire to conquer Christian Western Europe but who were ultimately defeated by a combined force of Austrian-German defenders that Vienna was finally saved on October 14th, 1529. Of course, before Suleiman's final retreat, he massacred his last remaining German-Austrian prisoners, something not unfamiliar in today's war with the Islamics. The last major defeat for Islam occurred at the Battle of Vienna when the combined Viennese armies of Poland-Austria-Germany pushed out the moslem Turks at the gates of Vienna on September 11th and 12th, 1683, and thereby both ended Islamic ambitions in Europe as well as augured into existence the Habsburg Dynasty. So speak no longer solely of Christian Crusaders but rather speak equally of those Islamic Crusaders who first began this 1400-year "Clash of Religions"! But why bring up religion in the context of relativity mathematics? It's because of the sordid history of Judaeo - Christian attempts at suppression of science and mathematics, although this ignominy belongs primarily with the Roman Church of Western Catholicism such as immediately upon Gregor Mendel's death in 1884, the head priest burned all of Mendel's papers in his collection on plant genetics. Nevertheless in spite of official and sanctioned Roman Catholic suppression of science and mathematics, there were notable Christian intellectuals even within the Catholic Church itself who pursued and promoted advances in mathematics, astronomy, medicine and science in general [ note: see Monsignor Georges Lemaître ( 1894 - 1966 ), Belgian Roman Catholic prelate, astronomer and relativity cosmologist in Big Bang - Glossary ]. And now imagine if the even darker forces of Islam had won at Poitiers or Vienna instead of the relatively enlightened forces of Christianity! What today would be the state of science, astronomy, mathematics, medicine, literature, and even aesthetics? Science and mathematics do not after all exist in a cultural and political vacuum, do they? I think therefore you can more than easily answer this question by yourself. Hypatia and Galileo The approximate last known head of the Department of Mathematics and Philosophy, Musaeum of Alexandria, part of the Library of Alexandria, was female mathematician Hypatia of Alexandria ( circa born 350 - 370 A.D., murdered 415 A.D. by Christian Copts ), an outstandingly notable Hellene philosopher, mathematician and astronomer whose murder by fanatically enraged Christian Coptic mobs was inspired by the leading Christian Patriarch, Pope of Alexandria later canonized Saint Cyril of Alexandria no less for his expunging this brilliant non - mystical, non - Christian thinker and ecumenical teacher of Jews, Christians, foreigners and other pagans inhabiting cosmopolitan Alexandria. Hypatia's invention of an improved astrolabe and her subsequent book "Astronomical Canon", a table of star positions for navigational explorers, was subsequently in use by other intrepid sailors and explorers for the next 1,200 years, all of this in addition to her thirteen books on algebra and another eight on geometry! Her favorite exhortation to her class pupils and in public lectures was "Reserve your right to think, for even to think wrongly is better than not to think at all." Thus during the later time of Catholicism under Pope Urban III ( Milanese born as Uberto Crivelli circa 1120 - died 1187 ) and the infamous unjust house imprisonment of Galileo Galilei beginning in 1633 by Urban's personal authority given by the "Congregation of the Holy Office of the Inquisition" ( the Roman Inquisition established earlier in 1542 by Pope Paul III ), it therefore seems that in comparison to Galileo Galilei Hypatia was needlessly treated badly by Catholic authority perhaps because of her famously feminine beauty and widely acknowledged philosophical and mathematical brilliance. Relativity Science Calculator