Reinventing Education Act for the Children of Hawaii REACH Our Goal. Our Children. Our Future. Comparison of the DOE Current Budget with the New Weighted.

Reinventing Education Act for the Children of Hawaii

REACH

Our Goal. Our Children. Our Future.

Comparison of the DOE Current Budget with the New Weighted Student Formula

Outline

• How are School Resources Allocated Now?-- School Equity based on Enrollment

• Weighted Student Formula: -- Equity Based on Students’ Needs

• Committee on Weights: Key Questions• Characteristics to Consider for Weights• Introduction to Other School Districts’ Formulas:

Edmonton, Seattle & Houston

How are School Resources Currently Allocated?

State(Legislature & Governor)

Board of EducationDepartment of Education

DHRDDAGSDOH

Schools

Positions

(FTEs)

Hourly Payroll

($)

Supplies& Equip.($)

Civil Service Employee Screening

Repairs & MaintenanceSchool ConstructionSchool Health Aides

The Current Budget Allocation System Promotes School Equity

• The primary method of allocating resources to schools is through staffing formulas:– Student : Teacher Ratio– Support Staff Ratios– Staffing based on program decisions

• Positions are allocated to schools; • Payroll is processed centrally.• Most school districts across the U.S. follow

similar procedures.

Staffing Ratios Vary with Enrollment,

But Do Not Adjust for Students’ Needs

STAFFING RATIOS

Low High

Student Need

$/P

upil

Add-on Programs

FTEs

Under Current Allocations, Schools With Similar Enrollments Receive Similar Numbers of Teacher Positions, Even Though Student Needs Vary by School

Kaimuki Hi

Hilo Hi

Kalama Int

Waianae Int

Kalihi Kai El

Mokapu El

Enrollment 1,202 1,285 905 937 802 796

% Limited English Proficiency

14.8% 2.1% 1.2% 3.8% 18.6% 1.9%

% Poverty 46.7% 46.9% 44.4% 78.0% 75.6% 17.0%

% Special

Education15.8% 20.0% 19.2% 26.2% 5.6% 12.56%

Current Budget Allocations: Positions Allocated to Schools, Payroll Processed Centrally

Fourteen Percent of Current Total DOE Budget Allocated to School Principals, Excluding Salaries

Fiscal Year 2005 Budget, Excluding Debt Service and CIP

EDN 150 All Special Ed and Comprehensive Student Support

Services24%

Federal Funds6%

Special and Trust Funds1%

EDN 100 Salaries,

Processed Centrallyfor Schools

41%

EDN 600 Charter Schools2%

EDN 100 Categorical Programs excluding salaries

2%

EDN 200 Instructional Support2%

EDN 400 Food Services,

Custodial, Student Transportation11%

EDN 100 Lump Sum school programs, excluding salaries

3%

EDN 300 State and District Administration

3%

Federal Funds centrally

administered3%

EDN 500 Adult Education and

After-School Plus (A+)2%

In Contrast: Weighted Student Formula Achieves Equity Based on Students’ Needs

• Empowers schools to use resources to positively impact student achievement

• Resources follow the student -- Revenue is portable

• Each child's needs are counted -- Weights are established for different needs

One Example of Students’ Needs: The link between poverty and academic performance

• There is a clear correlation between poverty and academic performance.

• In general, the higher the poverty level at a school the lower the academic performance of the school.

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

PALOLOLINAPUNI

FERN

KALIHI-WAENAFARRINGTON HI

KALIHILIKELIKEPUUHALE

KALIHI-UKALILIUOKALANI

LANAKILA

JARRETT MID

KAEWAI

CENTRAL MIDKAIMUKI HIKALIHI-KAI

ROYALDOLE MID

KUHIO

STEVENSON MID

KAIULANIALA WAI

KAULUWELAMCKINLEY HI

WASHINGTON MID

JEFFERSONKAAHUMANUKAPALAMA

LIHOLIHO

WAILUPE VALLEY

ALIIOLANI

KALAKAUA MID

WAIKIKIKALANI HI

PAUOALINCOLN

ROOSEVELT HI

KAWANANAKOA MID

KAISER HILUNALILOKAMILOIKIHAHAIONE

NIU VALLEY MID

WILSONHOKULANI

MANOA

KAIMUKI MID

MAEMAENUUANUKAHALAKOKO HEAD

NOELANIAINA HAINA

% of Students Qualifying for F/R Lunch

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

% Meeting/Exceeding State Standards 01/02

Poverty

Achievement

Honolulu District Schools

Weighted Student Formula Provides Dollar Resources to Schools Based on Students’ Needs

Low High

Student Need

$/P

upil

$

$

Act 51, With Weighted Student Formula: 70% Budget Requirement

70% of Total DOE Budget To Be Expended By School Principals

Beginning in School Year 2006-07

State and District/Complex Area

Administration 3%

Food Services, Custodial,

Student Transportation11%

Instructional Support

2%

Adult Education and A+

Program2%

Federal Funds centrally

administered3%

Intensive Special

Education Services9%

Budget To Be Expended by

School Principals Under Act 51,

SLH 200470%

Consisting of:

Weighted student formula 58 %

Other school funds:

Categorical, federal,

special, trust funds,

and charter schools 12 %

Total 70 %

Committee on Weights: Key Questions

• What programs to include in the WSF?

• Which students or schools should get more?

• How much more should they get?

Characteristics to Consider for Weights

PovertyFree/Reduced Lunch

Mobility Transfers to/from schools

Average Daily Attendance

Grade LevelGrades K-2

Elementary

Middle, High

Accountability Measures Test Scores

Adequate Yearly Progress

Other English For Second Language Learners

Special Education

Gifted/Talented

At-Risk / Alienated Students

Small School Adjustments

Geographic Isolation

Process to Develop Weights

• Committee on Weights:• Identification of programs to be included in WSF• Identification of student or school characteristics to

receive weighting• Review of “base-line” weightings using current

allocations• Review comparison of schools “as is” and “would

be” allocations• Revise weights to appropriately reflect student and

school needs

What programs to include in the Weighted Student Formula?

• Conceptually:• Include direct costs of instructional programs• Include programs currently operated by staffing

formulas and other direct allocations to schools• Exclude non-instructional programs• Exclude programs more appropriately managed

centrally

Other School Districts’ Weighted Student Formulas

• Edmonton • 2002-03 enrollment = 82,000• First year of WSF implementation: 1976-77• 92% of budget included in WSF

» Excludes Student Transportation, Food Services, Debt Service, Facilities Construction

• Seattle• 2003-04 enrollment = 47,000• First year of WSF implementation: 1997-98 • 50-60% of budget included in WSF

• Houston• 2002-03 enrollment = 212,099• First year of WSF implementation: 2001-02• 70-80% of budget included in WSF

Questions So Far?