Rehren Et Al 2012 Black Glass Podgorica NAD 3a

7/30/2019 Rehren Et Al 2012 Black Glass Podgorica NAD 3a

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New Antique Doclea III

Izrada crnog stakla ukasno-rimskoj Dokleji,

Crna Gora

Thilo Rehren, Anastasia Cholakova, Milo ivanovi

Introduction

Doclea, n h ms mprn Rmn ndl Rmn rhg ss n Mnngr, ssd s h mdrn p h nry,Pdgr (Fg. 1). in h nr h nn n,n h mmd ny horumnd s rssh sm thermae, h p mp Docleas dsrd n 2009. T fdr n hs rnnd n 2010 nd 2011. By h ry/ md 4h .aD h mp hd s s sgnfn nd hd bnbndnd. T sp s hn rnsrmd n

rshp r nd nnd s n drnrm. Ts ppr prsns prmnry rss hny r dn n gss rgmns rd sndry gss rng hh p nh nr h l Rmn n.

T b mnnd mp mpx r bdngiX (Fg. 2) s d n dmnn psn h n, n h s sd horum, n hnrsn h decumanus nd cardo srs.T nr bdng s r 50 m (s-s) x

40 m (nrh-sh) rg. in h mdd hnrh pr h bdng, cella s rsd h prsrd sz 7 x 9.5 m. in rn h cella rgatrium, pd h hgh qy sn sbs ssrrndd h s, s nd sh by nmbr drn sz rms. on h srn ndshrn sds h rms hr s prh, h

Uvod

D, dn d nnh rmsh snrmsh rhh nz crn Gr, nzs bz gng grd Pdgr (s. 1). u srdng grd npsrdn bzn grdsgrm, pr p mh rm 2009. gdnrn pn hrm D. trnssn bs nsn s 2010. 2011. gdn. Pm dnsn srdnm iv n.. hrm gb n zn b npn.Prsr s rnsrm rdnrs r

ns znn zmnnm b. o rdprds prmnrn rz ng rdzrng n rgmnm s s dd z s sndrnm srsm nsm s s d srd rmsg grd.

Gr pmn hrms mps dnsnb iX (s. 2), nz s n dmnnn pz

The making of blackglass in Late RomanDoclea, Montenegro

Fig. 1. Location o Doclea site in Western Balkan regionSl. 1. Lokacija arheolokog nalazita Dokleja, na Zapadnom

Balkanu

ew Antique Doclea 3, 2012


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NOVA ANTIKA DUKLJA III

n h srn sd h xsn h prh s sn nfrmd. Bsd n sys hrrssnd h dmnsns h cella, s ssmd hh Doclea mp prbby hd r-mnd

prostilos (B 2011: 15-17).T mp s dd h prd r h 1s . h mdd h 4h . aD (B 2011: 18-21), hn s fny bndnd. Sbsqny,drng h snd h h 4h nd hrghh 5h nry, rn rprs p nh sh-srn pr h mpx. Drngh prd n h rms h bdng srnsrmd n sm s gss rshp(Fg. 2). in h rm 3/iX (h dmnsns

8 x 6.90 m) r dsrd h rmns prn, pssb nnng n ( nsrnh hypocaust), nd gss bng s (ms,rs, s ps) nd rgmns r gsshns (n 2011: 41-48, s.7.1, Fg.8). Trhg mr shd h h rshps r md prd drng h snd

ng grd, n ms prs gnh cardo decumanus, s sn srn rm.c grn m dmnz 50 m (s-zpd) x 40 m (sr-g). N srdn srng

d b zdgn hrm snhdmnz 7 x 9,5 m. isprd s nz prsrnrm ppn n brnm mnmpm g s zpd, s g r sdprsr rzh dmnz. N zpdn nsrn sprd h prsr nz s rm, d ssn srn n n prn. N snssh rrs dmnz prps sd hrm D nrn prpd rsnmprss (B 2011: 15-17).

Hrm dn rmn nn i pd srdn iv (B 2011: 18-21), d nn npn. Nndn, m drgpn iv v . n.., n g-snm dmps s sd prpr m prmdn d prsr b rnsrmsn sn rdn mg p przdn

Fig. 2. Plan o building IX o Doclea site with the nd spots o the analysed agments in the north-eastern part o the complex, andlocation o the glass workshop in room 3/IX

Sl. 2. Plan objekta IX, Dokleja, sa mjestima nalaza analiziranih agmenata u sjevero-istonom dijelu kompleksa, i lokacijastaklarske radionice u prostoriji 3/IX


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h h 4h r h 5h . aD, nd pssby hry 6h . aD.

Te glass nds selection, description and context

Doclea gss nd s hrrss h bnrrdd n rhg sds rm h nd h 19h nry nrds, b ny rnynd dn srd h db n gssprdn. in prr, sgnfn rsrhndd n 2009, 2010, nd 2011 prdd rg mn gss dbrs, ndng sm gsshns, ms, drps, s ps, rgmns

gss-mng rbs, .cbrn bn Msms nd Grs Pdgr nd h ucl ins arhgyd n 2011 n n sn nry 40smps gss rgmns nd gss rng sr nyss n h wsn arhg Snlbrrs h ucl ins arhgy.Hr prsn prmnry bsrns ndrss bnd rm sm sb-s 5 smps.T mn rr r hsng hs prr

smps s h dhrng rm, .. srngdn h hs rgmns r rd hgss mng prss, s s h r hgss dr-grn/b n r h f smps.Frhrmr, h sd ps r nd h hr s n hr dsrbn n h nrh-srn pr bdng iX, s bm pprn bymppng h fnd sps (Fg. 2).

Trr, h fnds dsssd hr d n rgndry rm h gss rshp. Ty h bnnd drng xns n 2010 nd 2011 n hnrh-srn rnr h atrium (rms 5/iXnd 8/iX). T r yr hy rgn rm smpsd dr brn rh, rgmns rs nd rshd sn, nd s hrrzd by nbndn rhg mr. in h rh mnnd yr s rmd nqy, nd rmh mdd h rm 5/iX rss sy hnrh nd gs ms mss n h rm 8/iX. i sdd by sm fnds nd ns h 4h nd 5h .

aD, n hgh mng h nmsm mr 3rd nry n s s nd (B 2011: 20).T rmn hs yr s ms y d h

(s. 2). Nm prsr 3/iX, dmnz 8 x6,90 m, rn s s srs p,prpsn p z hn gh przd(nsr s hpsm) pd d

przdn s dnm (p, d s s b s , md z srn) mmd srg s (n 2011: 41-48,s.7.1, s.8). arh mr pz d rdn b n m drg pn iv v rn nsgrn pm vi . n..

Nalazi stakla selekcija, opis i kontekst

o s D nnm sbnsm ps s rh n p d r XiX , ndn prnnm dzm, zps rspr n prd sg. Nrznn srn, sprdn 2009., 2010. 2011. gdn, d s br rgmnsng mr m m msng pd n s d srshns (md s, rspn snp, p - prbn zr, m rmh

psd z pn s d.).Srdn ju Mz gr Pdgr uclins z rhg, 2011. gdn, d s dprbng dbr d sr 40 zr rgmns sng pd s d n nz wsn rhm nnm brrm nucl ins z rhg. u m rd, mprds prmnrn zpn rz dngmng pdsp d 5 zr. Gn rrmz dbr pr h prmr s prpn

rm, s rs dz d s m z s prsm pn s, b s mn zn/rn r d p zr. Nd,dbrn md s pzn dn s drgm nsn nh dsrb sr-snm db iX, ps gdn mprnmms prnnh nz (s. 2).

D, nz m s d rspr n pdrn z rdn s. on s prnnm spn z 2010 2011. gdn

sr-snm g rm srn d ng(prsr 5/iX 8/iX). krn s z gp nz s ss d mn mr zm,


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mn s n l anqy, hn hmp s bndnd. T mp bndnmns shn n h sprdng h yr dry nh sd h hnn n h atrium h

bdng iX, nd s prd by gr dsrdn rm 8/iX, dd h 4h 5h . aD nddg n hs yr (B 2011: 19-20, Fg. 1).i s pssb h hs r s sd s nyrd xns ng nd gss rshp prdn,hh s rnrd by h nysd smps. Bsdn h sd s, h fnds n b mr gnrydd h prd bn h 4h nd 6h . aD.

usng h nmbrng h smps rm hn sn, br dsrpn h f

ps nysd s r s gn b.Smp 36 (Fg. 3/1) s rgmn rm ss sd s rb r gss mng/mdyng. T ss s md rfnd y h

m rn p, snng mn rr g b rhg mr. N mprsr spmn s rmrn nrnmrn n s d srdn prsr 5/iX p zd

srn db n msns prsr 8/iX. Dn ngm nz nm iv v m nmzmm mrmprnn n iii . (B 2011: 20). Nsns s nrn rb bsn gmnmpd sn n d hrm npn. D hrm d b npn pz prsrn sdrn n pn s nm rm biX s rn grb 1/2010 prsr 8/iX, prdn iv pn psn s

(B 2011: 19-20, t1/fg.1). N snd prsr ps sm psng rd srs rdn m prgd nzrn zr s n sn znsnh

Fig. 3. Glass melting/ colouring related nds om building IX o Doclea site: 1) a crucible agment, sample 36; 2) a piece o black

appearing glass, sample 17; 3) a chunk o dark green glass, sample 19a; 4) a chunk o black appearing glass, sample 19b; 5) a chunko aqua glass, sample 28Sl. 3. Nalazi koji su povezani sa topljenjem/ bojenjem stakla pronaeni iz objekta IX, Dokleja: 1) agment posude za topljenje

stakla, uzorak 36; 2) komad crnog stakla, uzorak 17; 3) komad tamno zelenog stakla, uzorak 19a; 4) ulomak crnog stakla,uzorak 19b; 5) ulomak akva stakla, uzorak 28


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dr rd dr gry r. is nrn srs rd by hn yr gss smh ndrnsprn n h ppr pr h rgmn,nd mr hrgns nd pprng b nd

pq n h r pr. T xrn sr h rgmn s n prsrd, b rrgr ps brn dr-grn gss dhrng sggsn h h gss m s rm h sd.

Smp 17 (Fg. 3/2) s brn p bpprng gss hh d n rm sr.is ppr pr s nd h gss shs rndgr nhmgny, ndng sm qrzprs. vsy hs gss s ry smr hrmns prsrd n h nrn r pr h

rb rgmn. Smpng sm nd hnnrrgmn rm h p hpd rgns sr dr-grn r. undrnh h gss ny yr dr gry rm s pry prsrd,prbby pr y rn, sn s rrgrpprn ds n nrprn s ss/ rb.

Smp 19 (Fg. 3/3) s sm hn dr-grn rnsprn gss h n dhrng yr gh-ysh rfnd y n n sd, nd sm

r h rs dr gry y n h hr sd.Smp 19b (Fg. 3/4) s hn b pprnggss d bn rrgr nd rg yrs gh brn y h sm qrz prs ndrs rfn nd bng. Smry smps 17 nd 19 s d r hs p rb gss mng/ mdyng, sn hrm rsmbs mr rn y nng hn ss .

Smp 28 (Fg. 3/5) s s sm hn gss

h n dhrng yr fn h y; h pdrs rm h hr r smps by s n qr nd rnsprny h gss.

T fnds r sd s sm s r nnyss ddrss rn qsns. obsy f smps r s gss mng, msprbby sndry r-mng pr-xsnghns nd/r . Hr, h dr-grn/b r ms hm s ns, ndd m rm h pr-xsng mr, b

s d b rs rng h py. T nyss prsn hr r md drmn h dds sd r h gss,

nn d rm zm iv vi .

uz rn nmrsnh zr z prbns, sd r ps p nzrnhprmr.

uzr 36 (s. 3/1) m rbh rmpsd s z pn s. Psd zrn d prn gn mn rnd mn s b pn. Nn nrnprn prrn nm sm s -gd prdn n grnm d rgmn, mn, rns nprzrn n dnmd. Spn prn rgmn n sn, nprn md rzbng mn-zngs s prpn z n sgr npn s s spn srn psd.

uzr 17 (s. 3/2) smn md snzgd rn b hn n rm prn.Ng grn d rn s pzdrn spn nhmgns, m s r. vzn, s msn sm snm n nrnm dnmd rgmn psd z pn s.uzmn zr mng ng rgmn gmd pmg prpznn ng prmn-zn b. ispd s, m s mns rm dmn n, rnd gn s p, r ng nprn zgd ndp mn rmg m psdz pn s.

uzr 19 (s. 3/3) m md mn-zngprzrng s s prpnm sm prns-s gn s dn srn, m prns rgm mn s gn n drg srn.

uzr 19b (s. 3/4) md nzgd rng shng zm nprnh prznh ss sm gn s mm rnm sm rgm rf sppn. Snzrm 17 19 pz md spsdm z pn/ bn s, bdd rm n gn s p nmbn, ng n zd psd.

uzr 28 (s. 3/5) m md ss prpnm sm fn b gn; md

s rz d s r zr p s sdn b prdn s.

Prmr nz sn s m sp z


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nd shd gh n h hrr h prssh hs bn sd by h Doclea rsmn (..gss mng ny, r gss rng). Tn, hmpsn h gss n xpn hhr ndh h fnds r rd h hr nd hh pssb rgn h gss s. a hs sg r rsrh nysng h rms n h smpss n n b, b rny bm pr

r r.

Methods

Sm rgmns smps 36, 17, 19, 19b nd28 r mnd n pxy rsn nd prprds pshd bs. T smps r sdd byp mrspy (oM) nd snnng rnmrspy (SeM), nd hr hm mpsn

nysd by nrgy dsprs sprmry (eDS)sng h jeol 8600 nsrmn h wsnarhg Sn lbrrs. t f r nyss nd/r sp nyss r dnn h smp/ prr phs n rdr ndrsnd h b gss mpsn nd dny drn srrs nd n h gss. Trss r hn rgd bn mpsnrprsn h smp. Ts rg sr rprd n tb 1 nd tb 2; r xds

nd b prsn b 0.5 0.2 % sbd h rb qnfn s n pssbd h dn ms h eDS hnq.

pn nz b s db dgr ndrn pn. o d s sh p zrpd d pn s, nrn dng sndrng pnng pn

psh srh md / snh pd.Mm, mn-zn/ rn b dmnnnz n rgmn nbn, md dpr z g psg mr, m b rz bn s dsn nm n. anz m prdsd m z drn prms rnhz bn s, d s ngs n rrprs rn d srn zn D(. sm pn bn s). Zm,

ss s m bsn d szr msbn pzn pnnpr s. u z ng srnnz rm zrm n , zsgrn ps d bdg rd.

Metode

M rgmn zr 36, 17, 19 19b 28 s

psn psdn sm prprmn prn b. uzr s zn pmmrspm (oM) pm snrrns mrsp (SeM), nh hmsss nzrn nrgs dsprznmsprmrm (eDS) pm jeol 8600nsrmn wsn rhm nnmbrrm. tr d p pdrnh nz / nz ms rn n sm zr/ psbn z b s sh psg ss

s dnf rz srr prnn s. Rz s pm prsn b s db ss sg zr. o prsnrdns s prdsn n b 1 b 2 ;z sd z s rd d s prsn spd0,5 - 0,2 % s r d pzdn nfn mg zbg grn d eDS hn.

Rezultati

kmpzn, s zr prpd sd-r-sn prd s s przd s

Fig. 4. Back-scattered electron image o the inhomogeneity o theglass layer (schlieren) inside the crucible (sample 36)

Sl. 4. BSE slika nehomogenosti sloja stakla (schlieren) unutarposude za topljenje (uzorak 36)


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Results

cmpsny h smps bng hsd-m-s gss my prdd h mnr

nrn, s s xpd r h Rmn/ eryByznn prd. T dr-grn/ b r ms h fnds s d h hgh mn rnxd, ms y nnny ddd h gss(rm b 3.5 % p 10% nd n hghr nrn rs). Smp 28 nns b 0.5 %Fo, hh s d h nr nn rn xd n h snd sd prd h gss. oMnd SeM bsrns nfrmd h nsnrm h n s nspn h h gss n

smps 17, 19b nd 36 (n h nnr r pr h rb ) s n hmgns.

T rb rgmn (smp 36) rprsnshmgns gss h rn xd s b4 % n h brn yr n h sd nd n hnnr ppr pr h ss . Hr, n hnnr r pr h gss s hrgns, h sb schlieren n (Fg. 4) shng nmpmxng h m. in h rs h hghrnnrn rn xd h s r b 6

% Fo nd mr. ed s mn ndmgns r s bsrd n rn msrmns,prbby bs h n h h rm,

mnrnm nrnm, s zrms/ rnzns db. tmn-zn/rn b n nz ns sd n sd g, nrn nmrnddm s (s 3.5 % d 10%, drnm pdrm). uzr 28 sdr

0,5 Fo %, rdns prrdngsdr sd g ps s rspr przdn s. oM SeM sn sprd z dnn n snzn bsr d s zrm 17, 19b 36 (n nrnm dnm d m psdz pn s) n hmgn.

Frgmn psd z pn s (zr 36)prz hmgn s s nm gsd n 4% smnm s n

spnm n nrnm grnm d zdpsd. Mm, n nrnm dnm ds hrgn, s dbr dm schlieren n (s. 4) pz nppn mnrspng s. u pdrm s smnnrm g sd spn s 6 % Fo . Pn rdns gn mgnzm sd s prmn pdnm mrnm, rn zbg n srmm, ns pzn s pdrm s

nnr g sd.Nppn mn pz d prms z bn s (g sd) dd

Fig. 5. Back-scattered electron image o the inhomogeneity othe glass (schlieren) in sample 17; lighter areas have elevated

iron oxide values and contain small iron oxide particles nearlydissolved in the glass melt

Sl. 5. BSE slika nehomogenosti stakla (schlieren) u uzorku 17;svijetlije povrine imaju vrijednosti oplemenjenog oksida gvoa

i sadre male estice gvoe oksida skoro rastopljene u staklenumasu

Fig. 6. Back-scattered electron image o iron oxide particles inthe glass in sample 17

Sl. 6. BSE slika estica gvoe oksida u staklu uzorka 17


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b n nd h rs hgh rn xd.

T nmp mxng s srng ndn hh gss rn (rn xd) s ddd hgss n hs rb, nd s n rdy prsn nh gss hn s p n h rb r (r-)mng. T nmp mxng n b xpndn ys; hr s n mp h gssrr d srrng h gss s h bm h rb sn h h hs h h ss n s r r brg.an rn prbb xpnn s h hprss mng s n nry mpd,b pssby nrrpd by h brg hss. T d xpn h xrn h gss

yr nd s brn r sr, hh n rsrm g h gss nd s n ngbn h rb rgmn nd rn .

T rgmn gss d n rmsr (smp 17) shs h hghs dgr nhmgny mprd h rs h smps,s s mny nsns n h gss. Tschlierenn h gss (Fg. 5) r srngr hn hs n smp36. ars h rn xd nn h s b 6 8 % Fo, h n h rs h hgh

nn hs dd s prsn h b 18 %Fo n sm msrmns. T bs dn hh rgmn s s gss rng nd ns gss r-mng r nmrs nsns n hm. irn xd prs h spf ngd/rndd rngr rss sn r nnrdn h r pr h rgmn, s s rmbs, rmng nd rsd yr (Fg. 6). Sm hs nsns r shpd b hrs rpry md n h gss (Fg. 7), nd ry sm

ps hm r sb n h hgh rn xdschlieren (Fg. 5) sggsng h hy r h sr rn xd nnny ddd h gss. Tmpsn h prs (tb 2) prs hhs r nry pr rn xd h n nn smnr prs n prn s rs hr mxds (Mno, Mgo, a2o3, to2). Sh prmr nn b sy xpnd s nr rnxd. Mrr, h rf mn-md hrr h dd s nfrmd by sm m sphrrrgry shpd nd h gs bbb nsd(Fg. 8). i nsss pr m rn (tb 2)h rs sg nsns n . Bh rn xdprs nd h m rn sphr rsmb ry

s psd z pn s, d n brn prsn s d sn psdz (pnn) pn. Nppn mnm s bsn n d nn; b p d

sr zbgn mn s bz dn psdr b ddr ng zd psd zrpn m. arnn mg bnn d s prs pn n ppns zr, rn prn sd m psd.t b bsn spn db s s ngzmn spn prn, mg nsrnm rg s ngg nnghn zm rgmn psd zd p.

um s hn n rm prn

(zr 17) pz n spn nhmgns dns n s zr, mng nz s. schlieren s (s. 5) d nh zr 36. Pdr s nsm sdrm gsd m rdns d 6 - 8 % Fo, d pdrm s sm sdrm dprsn s 18 % Fo nm mrnm.Nb dz d m pd d bns, n sm pnn pn s sbrn nz sm pn ms. s

g sd s drnm zdnm/ zbnmprgnm pprnm prsm nnrsns dnm d m, bzn s rmpdg, sr n rs s g (s. 6).N d h nz s dbr bn, drg s dm spn s (s. 7), rm md d nh d s s gsd Schlieren (s. 5) sgr d s n zrg sd, nmrn ddg s. Sss (b 2) dz d s sr p s sdg m sdr sm mn d ddn ps rgm drgh mnh sd(Mno, Mgo, a2o3, to2). t s mrn m s dnsn bsn prrdnsd g. , (ds) rrprms pr m mn sr nprnhb s gsnm mhm nr (s. 8). Sss d sg mng g (b 2) s rgmnz zgr nm. ob, s gsd, mn gzdn sr m nn sp m - pnm pd ns

przd n g. Nh b s sd s d pzn rs mr - ph sr. k rz hn


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mh hmmr s yp s prd rn smhng. Tr shps r nssn h -nn rs hs smhng mr sg s nd sphrs. as rs ng hshgh rn gss m nmrs ryss r rmdn , mny grng n nd nr h rn xds (Fg. 9). T shp nd mpsn hryss (tb 2) dny hm s mmbrs hpyrxn grp, ms prbby g ryss.

T hrgns nd mpx srr smp 17 nfrms h h rgmn s s gss rng h hs bn rrd y, s s dn s rm h rb fnd. T rgss mpsn nd s ddd rn xdn smp 17 r mprb hs bsrd

n h rb rgmn (smp 36), nd s nsmp 19 sm hn dr grn gssh dhrd rm n sds (tb 1). ah xds n h gss hs hr smps, xph rn xd, h s hh prprny dn dr mh rm h rps ms Rmnnd l Rmn gsss, .. n spf xds rpsy rrd h h d rn xdnn. Ts s n ndn h h sr h rn xd sd s rn h m sry pr n mr rgmn n sppr

h nsn h rf rn xd, .. hmmrs s h r mr. T s hmsmrs bn h hr rgmns (smps

g png s s sm nnrmg s brn rs s rmrn nm, s gnm grp n bzn phg sd (s. 9). ob ss rs (b2) dnf h n prsn grp,nrn g rs.

Hrgn sn srr zr 17pr d rgmn pd d srsgbn sprdn n nm n, gdn zbg pmn psd z pns. upn srs ss n ddgsd g zr 17 s prd s nmz psd z pn s (zr 36), zr 19 - m md mn zng ss prpnm rmm n d srn (b

1). S sd s r zr, sm sdg, m rdns s prprnnn rz pn d n rp rmsg sng rmsg s, . ndn psbn sd npzn pzn s pnm sdrm gsd. t pz d zr sd grn z bn rspng s rns - dn rgmn d prg zd g sd, . sp m dn zpr sr mr. Bs hmssns zm r rgmn (zr 36, 17

19) mg sgrs d s dns n dn sprzdn prs dg rnb nppn/ prn s m d

Fig. 7. Back-scattered electron image o an iron oxide fakein the glass in sample 17; it is partly melted in the glass, and

pyroxene crystals are ormed on itSl. 7. BSE slika ljuspi gvoe oksida u staklu uzorka 17;

djelimino istopljenih u staklu, i piroksenih kristala koji su seormirali oko njih

Fig. 8. Back-scattered electron image o the metallic iron spherein sample 17; its cross-section allows seeing the irregular shape

and gas bubble insideSl. 8. BSE slika metalne gvozdene sere u uzorku 17; njegovpresjek doputa da vidimo nepravilan oblik i gasni mjehur

unutar


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36, 17 nd 19) my sggs h hy r rd n nd h sm prdn prss r nhh prbby hs bn nmp/ nrrpds n b sn rm h g nd ng h m, pry nhmgns. Hr, h h hs fnds m rm sndry sdps b n rm hr rgn nx dsn s s h s smhng mr hn

hyphss.T rgmn b gss d bnbrn y yrs (smp 19b) rsmbs hb mnnd grp. T m hs s smschlieren (Fg. 10) s mrs nmp mxng,.. ndng gn prss rn,dmnsrng prdn b gss.as br, rn xd s h rsn r hs r,h s s 10 % Fo. B n nrs h gss mdfd h hmmr s prs,

n smp 19b hghr nns mn, nnd s mngns xd r rrd h hd nnrn rn xd (tb 1),ndng h pssb s drn sr h r mr sd, prbby ggmgn.

T s fnd sm hn rnsprnq gss (smp 28) gn hs bs gssmpsn ry s h mpsn hr b gss smps (tb 1). as mnnd

b, h rn xd nn n smp 28 b0.5 % Fo s yp r s nr s n hgss-mng snd; hrr gss mng n hs

z rn hn rspn sn ms, dm sn nsdnn. Mm,nn d nz p z sndrng spd, n z nhg zrng ns, ndz nm d m grm n rhpz.

Frgmn rng s hng zmzgrnh s gn (zr 19b) pds

n gr pmn grp. Spn ms ms schlieren (s. 10) zn nppngmn, . pnn z n prs bn,dmnsrr n przdn rng s.k prdhdnm sm, g-sd rzg b, s rdnsm bz 10 %Fo. N, z rz d s mdfng ssm m d prs n zr 19b sdr gn, nm dsd mgnzm sd, s pzn s pnm

nnrm g sd (b 1), p n mg prb drgg zr srgmr, rn gg mgn.

Psdn nz - m md przrng s (zr 28) - p m snn ss s, r bz ss r rn snzr (b 1). k spmn,sdr g sd zr 28 d 0,5 %Fo pn z s prrdn n ps; sg pn s m s n m

z d przd rn s s prmrnmnm Fo. Nspr m, s zr28 sdr 1 % mngn sd pn

Fig. 9. Back-scattered electron image o the pyroxene crystalsgrowing on and near the iron oxide particles in sample 17

Sl. 9. BSE slika piroksenih kristala koji su grupisani na i blizuestica oksida gvoa u uzorku 17

Fig. 10. Back-scattered electron image o the inhomogeneity othe glass (schlieren) and ceramic layers in sample 28

Sl. 10. BSE slika nehomogenosti stakla (schlieren) i keramikihslojeva u uzorku 28


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s hs n bn md prd b gss hn xss Fo mn. in nrs, h gss nsmp 28 nns rnd 1 % mngns xdhh s mh hghr hn nr Mno s n

h gss-mng snd. i n b ndd hmngns xd, dy sd r mr n hRmn nd l Rmn gss ndsry, hs bnddd dbry h bh g rrnd mr rss pprn h gss. ahs prmnry sg rsrh n Doclea gss rng d n h ngh rgmns sy hhr hs drn s dn byDoclearsmn, r hhr hy smpy r-md gssh rdy hd d mngns xd nn.

Nrhss, h bsrn smrs n hbs gss mpsn n f smp nysd(tb 3) n mpy nsn s h smr gss sr n h rshp, s s prmnry hyphss.

Interpretation

T d b s r nb s sggs sm

n nrprn h s h gssrshp Doclea. T sm fnds rd dr-grn/ b gss rgn rm mxd dpspps h rshp prpr; hs dpsmy rprsn s r rs. Tnr hs mr sy rs h gssrshp.

Tr h DG/B (dr-grn/b) smpsppr b sy rd h hr. Ty shr s ssn h rm; smp 36 s

y rb rgmn h hn gss fm nn sd nd h brn yr DG/B gss nh hr. Smps 17 nd 19 r msy DG/Bgss b h dhrng rm, sggsng hyd n rb, rn, r r n h rn. as hmy hy r ry smr. Trbs gss, r-d h h xss rnxd, s ry smr (tb 3, Fo r-d 0.5 %) r hr, nd shrs mny ngsh h dy sd Rmn b-grn gss

yp. T ddd rn xd nn, hr, sry rb bn nd hn hs smps; rngs rm . 3.5 4 mr hn 8 % Fo,nd rhs n sm prs n 18 %.

d prrdnh Mno n ps. M sz d mngn sd, nr prbsr mr rms sn rms ndsrs, dd nmrn ms b d sn

bzbn zgd s. u prmnrn zsrn n srs dns D,nmm dn rgmn d zm d drz rn d srn Dsgzn, d s dnsn pn sp(rr) s d m pnsdr mngn sd. ip, prmn snssnng ss s sh p nzrnhzr (b 3) mg ngs snprb sg zr srg s n

rdn, brm prmnrn prps.

Interpretacija

Dsd dbn pd mg nm dprdm n pn mn nssrs rdn D. Mn nz z s mn-znm/rnm sm pz mg dpz nspr dgr

rdn; dpz m dbr prdsn pd . Prrd g mr ss dns n srs rdn.

tr d tZ/c (mn - zn/rn) zr n sd s bs pzn msbn. S n d spzns s rmm; zr 36 rnm psd z pn s nm snmsm n dn srn dbm zmnm smtZ/c s n drg. uzr 17 19 s nmd tZ/c s s prpnm rmm,

z d s s hd psd z pn,p pn n zd p. t, hms sr sn. Nh snn ss s, pnnzrn bz prrn n g sd, g s (b 3, Fo pnn zrn n 0,5%) z s r prmr, d mng snss nr prbnm rmsm p-znmpm s. Ddn sdr g sd,mm, r prmn zm nr hzr, rr d 3.5 4 d d 8 %

Fo, ds nm dm 18 %.D pn s d psbng zn znrpr h nz. Pr, tZ/c s n


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t bsrns r prr sgnfn rh nrprn hs fnds. Frsy, h DG/Bgss s n ry hmgns, b hs nmrsschlieren rngng rm 5 % Fo b 18 %

Fo. Ts nds h h DG/B gss hr s nsmpy r-md b gss rm , b hh rn p n hs prrrshp. Sndy, hs s rhr ndd by hbsrn nmrs hmmr s prs nn h rgmns (smp 17). w ssm hhs r h sr h ddd rn xd,nd n hn s n h gssrrs. Sh hn nmnn s nnrm rd gss, prry n ms nd

rm h nrn sd bngs r h h pnhd bds. Hr, hs hn hmmrs prs ny r s h h gss ndnr srsy dss n h mn gss. as,hy r ypy sd prs b n ngh nrs h mn Fo nn hgss m h s sn hr. Frhrmr,h sphr m rn s ny nssn hprpr hmmr s rm smhng, prbbyrmd drng dng (Sry 1995), b nh h sprf xdn h gssrrs.

T bsrn ny rmd g ryssn h mmd ny h hmmr sprs s s nrsng. Hmmr s nssprmry mgn (F3o4) (Yng 2011),n h hn r yr hm (F2o3).Ts, h rn n hmmr s s prdmnnyxdsd, h mr hn 2/3 bng prsns F3+. in nrs, ms h rn n h gsrrndng h hmmr s prs s prsnn h 2+ ny, sggsng h h m s ssrngy rdd. Dn (rdd) rn s mhsrngr hrmphr hn h xdsd rnrn (wy 1959; Prd & Hrn 1996). i dhrr h md sns r h gss rr Doclea mnn srngy rdng ndnsn hs gss m hn mng prd bgss; n s nr- h xdsng ddng mgn/ hmmr s h m s sr rn xd. Ts s s nssn h

h dr rd ms b r ms hrm hd hs fnds, ndng srngyrdng rn ndns.

b hmgn, m brn schlieren rspnd 5 % Fo 18 % Fo. o pz dtZ/c s d n sm pn rspnrn s spn d pmnh m

z r, d pr bn sprdn nrn rdn. Drg, ddnp n rzmrn brnh s - spm d n dnm d m (zr17). Prpsm d s n pr zr ddgg sd, n mg sp p s srs rdn. Mgns nmn dbr pzn d nnh snh przd,psbn n bdm rm s ds srs , s nrn srn nr

d rp z nzn pr. Mm, s- sp m sm s pnd p n rs nd s ppns n rsp zn sn ms. t, n s bnzdn s, n dn d pzns sdr Fo rspnm s d n s mg d d. Nd, sr mngg s dsdn sm s prnm spmm d n, rn rmrn mn-zrn (Sry 1995), n prnmsdm s sr.

izn nnsh g rs npsrdn bzn s m d n znm. lsp m d nss s prnsn d mgn (F3o4)(Yng, 2011), s s nm spnm smhm (F2o3). D, g spmm prn sdr, s d 2/3 d ng prsn F3+. Nspr m, nd g g mnr r sm d n prsn 2+ nns,

sgr d rspn ms sm d sbsnn rdn. Dnn (rdn)g pn hrmr d rnngsdrng g (wy 1959; Prd & Hrn1996). Sg b m sms d sr Ddr snn rdn s rspnms nsnm d przd s rnb; n mn n d b sprn dn sdr n ddn mgn/sp m rspn sn ms zrg sd. o sd s mnrnm d g rnm bm n rm prpn n m nzm, pn snn rdn s nr p.


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uzr 19b s mn mr rz d shrgmn s nzrn. on bzrn ns m sn snn srr s, pz snn schileren, pn

z n n przdn/ bn s.Mm, prd png sd g, m pn n gn nm dsd s pzn s pnm sdrm gsd. D s pn sdr gn mprd psrpm rmg mr zm spn zdn s spm md n, s s n m r z nm.Nspr, n s pr mg d nmdsd ( gn) b d zrng mgn.

o b d sgrs d mgn n d spm, s ns rm sdm g, mnrn mgn, sr rdn sdrzsn n to2 , sm ss. Sn,a2o3 rn bn ss prrdngmgn. Sg, d sd zs z nrn prrdng png mgn rn z bn m s.

Zakljuak

o prmnrn srn s d p zrs d dz n przdnrng s, m s nmrn ddnznn n g sd n pn rmssnn srr s. Prs nrndrn pd rdnm sm, zrn sp m d n m zr sg g sd, dm gg

mgn, rn rng ps spngs bnh (z r p). Prsnn srr s nsn, md pd m pmnh snh prdm,spnh z r, s rn ndnghrmsg mps. Mg d mn zn s, zgd rn d sb d dbh prdm, b nmnnz przdn nr drgh rs sngn. Prss rznrsn rdn nrng grd dprns nm shn sn

rms rn zns rgnn nm, prds dz ds hnmrdm nh sr.

Smp 19b drs sghy rm h hrrgmns nysd hr. i s bsd n h sm,r ry smr, bs gss, nd s shs srngschlieren, sggsng gn prdn/

rn. Hr, n ddn nrsdrn xd, s hs d s mnnd n rrd h nrsd rn xdnn. wh h nrsd mn nnd pssby b d sm bsrpn rmmr r s sp p ghr h h hmmrs, h sm nn b sd r n. insd, pprs mr pssb h h n (nd hmn) s pr h rgn mgn. Tsd hn sggs h h mgn s n

hmmr s, rmd rm h h xdn rn m, b nsd h mnr mgn,hh q rgry nns rn mns to2 n s mpsn. Smry, a2o3s ry mmn mpnn nrmgn. Trr hs xds nddsggs h s nr mgn snd bngsd s h rn n hs s.

Conclusion

Ts prmnry nsgn s f gssrng smps hs gn srng dn r h prdn b gss, by nnnyddng sgnfn mns rn xd yp Rmn bs gss. T prss s prbbydn ndr srngy rdng ndns, sngpry hmmr s s h sr pr rnxd, nd pry gg mgn, pssby

s b snd ghrd rm dpss (rm rr r bh nrby). T sr h bs gsssd s nr, nd my h bn , drm h rns h rmr mp mpx. i spssb h hs dr grn gss, pprng bhn shpd n hr bs, s nndd b sd r h prdn bngs r hryps sm ry. T prsn rsrshp n h nr h n nrbs r ndrsndng h l Rmn nd eryByznn rgn nmy, nd s smn

h ngny nd hng rdns h gss rrs.


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Acknowledgments

w ndg h sppr Msms nd

Grs Pdgr, nd r gr h s h wsn arhg Snlbrrs r hr hn hp. T rsrhs dn ndr h sps h FP7 TPp Prgrmm nd Mr cr ans,NaRNia pr, rdd Dr v. kssnd(grn grmn 265010, 02/08/2010) hunrsy cyprs nd nsrm hrnrhr nsns. ac ndgs rp hr-yr ery Sg Rsrhr shphn h NaRNia in trnng Nr.

ahrs ddrsss:

TR: ucl Qr, Po Bx 23689, Hmd bnkh unrsy, Dh, Qr (h.rhrn@..)

ac: ucl ins arhgy, 31-34 GrdnSqr, lndn wc1H 0PY (.h@..)

M: ju Mz gr Pdgr :[email protected]

Zahvalnost

Zhn sm pdr ju Mz gr Pdgr,

sb wsn rhh nnh brrn nh hn pm. isrzn sprdn pd rm FP7 - T PpPrgrmm Mr cr ans, NaRNiapr, ddnh Dr. v. kssnd (gr dd nnh srds 265010, 02/08/2010)n unrz kpr nzrm 13 prshns. ac pr prd rgdnmnd ery Sg Rsrhr r NaRNiamr pnh b.

ReFeReNceS

B 2011: M. B. Prmnry rss h rsrh n h r h p mp hD s. - N anq D ii, 2011, 9-26.

Prd & Hrn 1996: M. Prd, c. Hrn. arhg chmsry. cmbrdg, 1996.

Sry 1995: D. Sry. Hmmrs. - Hsr Mrgy Sy: arhg Dsh 10,lndn, 1995.

wy 1959: w. a. wy. crd Gsss. lndn, 1959.

Yng 2011: t. Yng. Sm prmnry bsrns n hmmrs nd s mpns r

ndrsndng dng. - Hsr Mrgy 45, 2011, 26-41.n 2011: M. n. arhg rsrh n rm 3/iX. Prmnry bsrns. - Nanq D ii, 2011, 29-56.


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able 1. Chemical composition o the glass samples analysed and reerence measurements o Corning B glass standard (SEM-EDS data)abela 1. Hemijski sastav uzoraka analiziranog stakla i reerentne mjere po Korning B standardu za staklo (SEM-EDS podaci)

wt% SiO2 Na2O Al2O3 CaO K2O MgO FeO MnO TiO2 P2O5 Cl SO3 CuO CoO PbO Sb2O3 TotalCorningB

measured 60.46 16.97 3.92 9.05 1.06 0.98 0.3 0.24 0.27 0.56 0.25 0.5 2.76 0.10 0.57 0.56 98.55CorningB

recommended 61.55 17.0 4.36 8.56 1.0 1.03 0.3 0.25 0.09 0.82 0.2 0.54 2.66 0.046 0.61 0.46 99.52wt%

normalisedquanJtaJveresults SiO2 Na2O Al2O3 CaO K2O MgO FeO MnO TiO2 P2O5 Cl SO3sample36glassontheexternalsurface

ofthecrucible(bulkcomposiJon) 64.7 18.4 2.3 6.6 0.6 1.0 4.2 0.7 0.1 0.01/bdl* 1.1 0.5sample36glassontheinternalsurface

ofthecrucible/upperpart(bulkcomposiJon,

meanof3measurements) 65.1 17.3 2.9 6.5 0.9 1.1 4.3 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.9 0.4sample36glassontheinternalsurface

ofthecrucible/lowerpart,I(meanof3

measurements) 65.5 17.8 3.3 6.6 0.6 1.1 3.4 0.5 0.20.05/

bdl 0.6 0.3Sample36glassontheinternalsurface

ofthecrucible/lowerpart,II(meanof2

measurements) 62.8 17.5 3.6 5.4 0.8 1.0 6.9 0.5 0.2 bdl 0.8 0.5sample17areaswithlowerFeOconcentraJon,I

(meanof5measurements) 63.3 17.8 2.2 7.1 0.6 1.0 5.9 0.7 0.1 0.04/bdl 1.0 0.4sample17areaswithlowerFeOconcentraJon,II

(meanof3measurements) 61.5 16.9 2.2 7.4 0.6 0.9 8.3 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.9 0.4sample17areaswithhigherFeOconcentraJon

(meanof2measurements) 54.5 14.5 3.1 6.6 0.6 0.9 18.0 0.4 0.1 0.1 0.8 0.2sample19abulkglasscomposiJon

(meanof4measurements) 65.7 17.6 2.2 7.1 0.7 1.0 3.7 0.6 0.05/bdl bdl 1.0 0.3sample19bareaswithhigherFeOconcentraJon

(meanof2measurements) 60.9 15.5 4.6 5.4 0.7 1.0 10.0 0.5 0.3 0.1 0.7 0.2sample19bareaswithlowerFeOconcentraJon

(meanof4measurements) 64.2 14.7 3.5 6.7 0.7 1.1 7.2 0.7 0.2 0.1 0.7 0.2sample28bulkglasscomposiJon

(meanof4measurements) 69.3 15.4 2.4 8.4 0.8 0.7 0.5 1.1 0.1 0.09/bdl 1.1 0.2*bdl - below detection limits


16/16


wt%

normalisedquanJtaJve

results SiO2 FeO CaO Al2O3 MgOpyroxenecrystalsI

(meanof4measurements) 49.3 28.0 17.0 2.8 2.9pyroxenecrystalsII

(meanof5measurements) 55.6 26.5 12.5 3.2 2.2

wt%Fe O

metalsphereI99.5 0.5

metalsphereII99.7 0.3

wt%

normalisedquanJtaJve

results FeO MnO MgO Al2O3 TiO2ironoxideflakeI

(meanof4measurements) 98.5 0.5 0.5 0.3 0.2ironoxideflakeII

(meanof3measurements) 99.5 0.2 0.2 0.1 tracesironoxideflakeIII

(meanof4measurements) 99.2 0.3 0.3 0.2 traces

able 2. Chemical composition o the inclusions in the glass, sample 17 (SEM-EDS data)abela 2. Hemijski sastav inkluzije u staklu uzoraka 17 (SEM-EDS podaci)

able 3. Re-calculated base glass o the sample analysed withiron oxide content reduced to the typically observed natural levelabela 3. Ponovo izraunata osnovna struktura stakla uzoraka

analiziranih sa smanjenim oksidom gvoa, na po praviluizuavanom prirodnom nivou

wt%SiO2 Na2O Al2O3 CaO K2O MgO FeO MnO TiO2 P2O5 Cl SO3 total

sample36 67.3 18.4 2.9 6.8 0.7 1.1 0.5 0.6 0.2 bdl* 0.9 0.4 99.8

sample17 67.2 18.7 2.2 7.6 0.6 1.0 0.5 0.6 0.1 bdl 1.0 0.4 100.1

sample19a 67.9 18.2 2.3 7.3 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.6 bdl bdl 1.0 0.3 99.8

sample19b 69.4 16.8 2.5 6.7 0.7 1.2 0.5 0.6 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.2 99.5

sample28 69.3 15.4 2.4 8.4 0.8 0.7 0.5 1.1 0.1 bdl 1.1 0.2 100

*bdl - below detection limits

Rehren Et Al 2012 Black Glass Podgorica NAD 3a

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