Rehder INTEGRAL Triple [email protected] Background Setting / Nomenclature • The ecological state of the Baltic Sea is monitored by the surrounding countries

BONUS INTEGRALIntegrated carboN and TracE Gas monitoRingfor the bALtic sea

“Using ICOS and similar infrastructure for an improved environmental monitoring of the Baltic Sea”

[email protected]

BackgroundSetting / Nomenclature• The ecological state of the Baltic Sea is monitored

by the surrounding countries as part of their HELCOM commitments

• ICOS is a European Research Infrastructure, realized by national funding, for the assessment of Greenhouse Gas concentrations and fluxes, with an Atmospheric, Ocean, and Ecosystem branch, and Central Lab facilities

OVERARCHING IDEA• Use of the (extended) ICOS network for

biogeochemical monitoring of the Baltic Sea, in combination to existing monitoring programs

2

Introduciton

Project Details

• Funded under the BONUS Blue Baltic

programme, 7/2017 – 6/2020, 3 years

• Budget 2.1 Mio €• 8 Partners from 5 countries• Including three current Baltic ICOS stations

Key Theme

5.1 Developing and improving the scientific basis for integrated monitoring programs for continuous assessment of ecological status and human pressures

Subthemes

1.1 Ecosystem resilience and dynamics of the biogeochemical processes, including cumulative impacts of human pressures5.2 Developing and testing innovative in situ, remote sensing and laboratory techniques2.2 The role of coastal systems in the dynamics of the Baltic Sea

3

Introduciton

(Selected) Goals? GHG flux as a measure of ecosystem health?• Provide best experimentally based seasonal

concentration charts for carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide

? Changes of productivity (timing and magnitude) due to climatic changes and eutrophication?• Carbon system data as indicator for net production

and acidification• Full integration of carbon system into high

resolution physical biogeochemical model ! Lobby for a strong ocean (Baltic) component of ICOS!! Improved monitoring and indicator development for HELCOM!

4

Motivation

106CO2 + 16NO3- + HPO4

2- + 122H2O + 18 H+

(CH2O)106(NH3)16(H3PO4) + 138O2∙

106CO2 + 16NO3- + HPO4

2- + 122H2O + 18 H+

(CH2O)106(NH3)16(H3PO4) + 138O2∙

Car

bon

asth

em

aste

rvar

iabl

e

O2 – deficit (debt) controls the GHGsN2O and CH4∙

6

VOS

Finn

mai

d–

The

fore

runn

er

Over

view

(pCO

2)

7Schneider andMüller, 2018

8

Calculated net carbon production in

the different basins during the spring bloom for 2009.

Schneider and Müller, 2018

pCO2 – Productivity assessment

8.0)( ×D×+×D= tFzCiNCP ASeffT

FAS – CO2 exchange with the atmosphere;Zeff – effective penetration depth;Δt considered time intervall;

– Independent of C/N/P stoichiometry

pCO

2–

Inte

grat

ed n

et c

arbo

n pr

od.

9

pH – recent progress

– Large variablility calls for high spatiotemporal resolution

– Until now lack of reference materials for S<20

– Strong, instrument-depending salinity dependence of pH-electrodes

– No user-friendly instrument for brackish waters

– Considerable progress made within BONUS PINBAL

pH–

Prog

ress

for t

he n

ext d

ecad

es

BONUS INTEGRAL

as „First User“Characterization-limited areas (yellow) before(left) and after (right) BONUS PINBAL)

Strategic achievements• VOS Agat PI Karol Kulínski only “ocean”

representative of ICOS Poland consortium

• VOS Tavastland now on the shortlist for ICOS Sweden

• Through major input from BONUS INTEGRAL (with partners from Univ. Aarhus and Stockholm), through support from the national representatives of Sweden and Germany, carbon system parameters were adopted as CANDIDATE INDICATOR for ACIDIFICATION by HELCOM WG S&C.

10

Achievements

Thank you for your attention

11

Acknowledgement: THE BONUS INTEGRALproject receives funding from BONUS (Art185), funded jointly by the EU, the GermanFederal Ministry of Education and Research,the Swedish Research Council Formas, theAcademy of Finland, the Polish NationalCentre for Research and Development, andthe Estonian Research Council.