-
CARDIOVASCULAR REGULATIONByDr.H.Gusbakti,MSc,PKK,AIFMProfessor of Physiology
-
Homeostatic mechanisms regulate cardiovascular activity to ensure that tissue perfusion, or blood flow through tissues, meets the demand for oxygen and nutrients. The three variable factors are: (1) Cardiac output, (2) peripheral resistance, and (3) blood pressure.
-
The goal of cardiovascular regulation is to ensure that these blood flow changes occur (1) at an appropriate time, (2) in the right area, and (3) without drastically changing blood pressure and blood flow to vital organs.
-
Factors involved in the regulation of cardiovascular function include local factors, neural mechanisms, and endocrine mechanisms.
-
A. Local factors: Local factors change the pattern of blood flow within capillary beds in response to chemical changes in interstitial fluids. Autoregulation occurs at the tissue level when each tissue controls the amount of its blood supply according to its need through controlling the tone of the blood vessel supplying it. If autoregulation fails to normalize conditions at the tissue level, neural mechanisms and endocrine factors are activated.
-
B. Neural mechanisms. Neural mechanisms respond to changes in arterial pressure or blood gas levels at specific sites. When those changes occur, the cardiovascular centers of the autonomic nervous system adjust cardiac output and peripheral resistance to maintain blood pressure and ensure adequate blood flow.
-
C. Endocrine mechanisms. The endocrine system releases hormones that enhance short-term adjustments and direct long-term changes in cardiovascular performance.
-
Thank Youand Good Day
