registrations of new and used vehicles

ECOSCORE 2016

Indicators for the 2015 new and

second-hand car fleet in Belgium

and the regions

COMPOSED by Nils Hooftman

REVIEWED by Maarten Messagie, Thierry Coosemans and Joeri Van Mierlo

i

SUMMARY This report summarizes the evolution of the Belgian new and second-hand passenger car fleet, as they were

registered in the 2008-2015 timeframe. The emphasis is on the environmental performance of both fleet types,

by means of their assigned Ecoscore. This Ecoscore is a comprehensive well-to-wheel emission indicator

developed by VITO, VUB and ULB on behalf of the Flemish government, the Brussels Capital Region (BCR) and

the Walloon Region. The Ecoscore takes into account both direct and indirect emissions of passenger cars,

including greenhouse gases (GHG), air pollutants and noise. The output is a number between 0 and 100 for

each car; the higher the Ecoscore, the lower the environmental impact (Beckx C., 2014).

Similar to what is reported by VITO in (Beckx & Denys, 2016) for the total Belgian passenger car fleet, a set of

vehicle parameters is evaluated in this report for the new and re-registered (or “used”) fleet. A comparison of

the 2015 fleet data to the fleet parameters from the previous years (2008-2014) allows an overview of certain

evolutions and to identify important trends. Throughout this report, these trends are presented both on a

regional as on a national level. Moreover, the distinction is made between the registration type (i.e. company

versus privately owned cars) as well as based on the type of ownership (i.e. bought vs. leased). In most cases,

these data are presented simultaneously. What follows hereafter are summarizing tables for Belgium and the

Regions, concerning the most prominent indicators.

An overview of the indicator evolutions since 2008 is given in Table 1 and Table 2. Concerning new

registrations, the decreasing trend as it was reported from 2011 to 2014 has ended as the 2015 fleet grew

again with approximately 4% compared to 2014. This growth took place both in Flanders and the BCR, while

the number of registrations for Wallonia decreased. For the used fleet the increasing trend continued in 2015,

indicated by a relative increase of approximately 4% compared to 2014. As expected, the Ecoscore for both the

new and used fleets continued to increase in 2015, given the 17,9% and 18,8% raise since reference year 2008,

respectively.

In the ongoing research for a better fuel economy (and thus lower CO2 emission) it can be noted that for the

new registrations the average engine displacement [cc] continued to decrease while the average engine power

further increased, compared to registration year 2014. The average mass in running order (MRO) however

increased again to approximately the 2008 average. Nevertheless, a further decrease of the CO2 emissions per

kilometre was reported for the new fleet in 2015, bringing the average to 118 g/km and thus 21,3% lower than

in reference year 2008. Alternative technologies (i.e. all except conventionally burned diesel and petrol

continued to gain market share in 2015, bringing the total to 2,43% of the new fleet. The market share for

diesel vehicles on the other hand continued to decrease, as three out of five new registrations were based on

diesel combustion technology in 2015, compared to nearly four out of five in 2008. Given the inertia of the

used fleet, a careful decrease in diesel market share was also reported for 2015, bringing the total used diesel

share to 67%.

The average age of a re-registered cars increased again from 7,1 to 7,4 years, indicating that the average

Belgian consumer tends to keep the same car for a longer period. Concerning counter-measures for particulate

matter (PM) emission from diesel combustion, the 50% milestone for the implementation of diesel particulate

filters (DPF) was reached in 2015, as 50,64% of the diesel cars were reported to have PM emissions lower than

five milligrams per kilometre. The actual DPF-equipped market share for the used fleet will however be higher,

as certain Euro 5 and 6 diesel cars were reported with either no or faulty (>5 mg/km) PM emissions by the

Belgian registration service ‘Dienst Inschrijvingen Voertuigen’ (DIV). CO2 emissions continued to decrease for

the used fleet as well, albeit to a lesser extent than what can be seen for the new fleet, i.e. by 16,0% since

2008. The average difference between both fleets was 27,9 g/km or 23,6% in favour of the new fleet.

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TABLE 1: OVERVIEW OF THE INDICATORS OVER THE PERIOD 2008-2015 FOR THE NEW REGISTRATIONS IN BELGIUM

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Δ(15-08)

BEL New fleet 535.061 478.496 546.422 570.709 487.892 487.598 484.401 502.455 -6%

VL New Fleet 285.228 252.238 283.784 305.255 270.849 268.050 263.324 281.771 -1,20%

BCR New Fleet 96.481 77.208 87.606 87.455 82.892 79.261 79.409 82.605 -14,30%

WAL New Fleet 153.352 149.050 175.032 177.999 134.151 140.287 141.668 138.079 -10,00%

Ecoscore 55,7 58,1 59,9 62,0 62,4 63,4 64,3 65,7 17,90%

Ecoscore Private 57,3 59,3 60,8 63,4 63,6 64,8 65,6 67,0 17,50%

Ecoscore Company 53,6 56,0 58,2 59,5 61,0 61,8 62,8 64,5 20,40%

MRO (kg) 1.424 1.405 1.407 1.415 1.439 1.422 1.417 1.423 -0,02%

Displacement (cc) 1.709 1.674 1.639 1.622 1.635 1.602 1.594 1.584 -7,30%

Engine Power (kW) 81 80 80 82 84 84 86 89 9,80%

CO2 emissions (g/km)

150 142 134 126 128 124 121 118 -21,30%

Share of diesel cars (%)

79% 75% 76% 75% 69% 65% 62% 60% -24,10%

Share of alternative cars (%)1

0,43% 0,49% 0,84% 1,27% 1,40% 1,46% 2,19% 2,43 565,11%

TABLE 2: 0VERVIEW OF THE INDICATORS OVER THE PERIOD 2008-2015 FOR THE RE-REGISTRATIONS IN BELGIUM

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Δ(15-08)

BEL Used fleet 637.785 654.941 659.432 727.352 613.976 581.123 590.612 611.890 -4,1%

VL Used fleet 344.122 353.548 358.573 406.220 342.524 325.264 330.687 343.999 0,0%

BCR Used fleet 66.967 67.608 68.579 73.093 61.245 55.911 55.953 56.175 -16,1%

WAL Used fleet 226.696 233.785 232.280 248.039 210.207 199.948 203.972 211.716 -6,6%

Age (years) 8,3 8,4 8,5 9,0 7,3 6,8 7,1 7,4 -11,0%

Age Private 8,5 8,6 8,7 9,3 7,6 7,0 7,3 7,6 -10,9%

Age CC 4,9 5,1 5,1 5,3 4,3 4,0 4,3 4,4 -10,5%

CC share (%) 7,17% 6,70% 7,31% 7,73% 6,79% 6,98% 7,43% 7,41% 3,3%

Ecoscore 48 49 50 52 54 56 56 57 18,8%

MRO (kg) 1.391 1.402 1.399 1.395 1.412 1.401 1.404 1.402 0,8%

Displacement (cc) 1.725 1.739 1.737 1.734 1.740 1.709 1.710 1.700 -1,4%

Engine Power (kW) 73 74 75 76 79 80 81 82 12,2%


174 171 168 166 158 151 148 146 -16,0%


56% 60% 61% 61% 66% 69% 68% 67% 19,7%

DPF diesel (%) 6,31% 8,49% 15,02% 21,93% 33,27% 42,75% 47,79% 50,64% 703,0%

1 The fuel technologies other than diesel an petrol are considered alternative: namely liquefied petroleum gas (LPG),

compressed natural gas (CNG), petrol/diesel hybrids (BCS/DCS), petrol/diesel plug-in hybrids (BPH/DPH), battery electric

(BEV) and fuel cell vehicles (H2F)

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Contents Summary ...................................................................................................................................................................i

List of tables ............................................................................................................................................................ iv

List of figures ........................................................................................................................................................... iv

List of abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................. v

1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.1. Objectives .................................................................................................................................................. 1

1.2. Data used ................................................................................................................................................... 1

1.2.1. Registration and emission data ............................................................................................................. 1

1.3. Structure of the report ............................................................................................................................... 2

2. Indicator overview .......................................................................................................................................... 3

3. Pivot table ...................................................................................................................................................... 5

3.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 5

3.2. Getting started ........................................................................................................................................... 5

Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................ 6

ANNEX ..................................................................................................................................................................... 7

A. Overview Fiches.............................................................................................................................................. 7

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LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Overview of the indicators over the period 2008-2015 for the new registrations in Belgium .................. ii

Table 2: 0verview of the indicators over the period 2008-2015 for the re-registrations in Belgium ...................... ii

Table 3: Overview of the indicators for the new registrations in Flanders ............................................................. 3

Table 4: Overview of the for the new registrations in the brussels capital region ................................................. 3

Table 5: Overview of the indicators for the new registrations in Wallonia ............................................................ 3

Table 6: Overview of the indicators for the new private car fleet registered in Belgium ....................................... 3

Table 7: Overview of the indicators for the new company car fleet registered in Belgiium................................... 4

Table 8: Overview of the indicators for the new bought company car fleet registered in Belgium ....................... 4

Table 9: Overview of the indicators for the new leased company car fleet registered in Belgium ........................ 4

Table 10: Overview of the Flemish new fleet according to registration and ownership type for average Ecoscore,

mass in running order and engine displacement (as used a.o. in MIRA) .............................................................. 32

Table 11: Number of new cars sold in Flanders in 2015, according to fuel, registration and ownership type (as

used a.o. in MIRA) ................................................................................................................................................. 32

Table 12: Overview of the BCR’s new fleet according to registration and ownership type for average Ecoscore,

mass in running order and engine displacement (as used a.o. by BISA) ............................................................... 33

Table 13: : Number of new cars sold in the BCR in 2015, according to fuel, registration and ownership type (as

used a.o. by BISA) .................................................................................................................................................. 33

Table 14: Overview of Wallonia’s new fleet according to registration and ownership type for average Ecoscore,

mass in running order and engine displacement .................................................................................................. 34

Table 15: Number of new cars sold in the Walloon Region in 2015, according to fuel, registration and ownership

type ....................................................................................................................................................................... 34

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Screenshot of the new fleet’s pivot table dashboard .............................................................................. 5

Figure 2: Screenshot of the value field settings dialogue box ................................................................................ 6

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Avg Average kg Kilogram

BCR Brussels Capital Region kW kilowatt

BEL Belgium LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas

(B)EV (Battery) Electric Vehicle MRO Mass in running order

BCS Petrol charge sustaining hybrid (m)g/km (milli)gram per kilometre

BISA

Brussels Instituut voor Statistische

Analyse Nat. person Natural person

BPH Petrol plug-in hybrid PHEV Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Cc Cubic centimetre (cm3) PM Particulate Matter

CC Company Car PN Particulate Number

CNG Compressed Natural Gas RDW ‘Rijksdienst voor het Wegverkeer’,

CO2 Carbon dioxide Dutch vehicle registration service

DCS Diesel charge sustaining hybrid SVR Studiedienst Vlaamse Regering

DIV ‘Dienst Inschrijving Voertuigen’, VITO Vlaamse Instelling voor

Belgian vehicle registration service Technologisch Onderzoek

DPF Diesel Particulate Filter VL Flanders

DPH Diesel Plug-in Hybrid VUB-ETEC Vrije Universiteit Brussel –

GDI Gasoline Direct Injection Department of Electrotechnical

GPF Gasoline particulate filter And Energy Technology

H2F Hydrogen vehicle

WAL

Wallonia

HEV Hybrid electric vehicle

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. OBJECTIVES This report presents an analysis of the Belgian passenger car fleets, which were registered for the first or a

successive time in 2015. In addition, the evolution of the fleet characteristics is analysed over the timespan

covering fleet registration years 2008 to 2015. The objective of this report is to follow up these characteristics,

with an emphasis on the environmental performance, while the technical aspects are also dealt with. The

considered indicators are the engine technology, fuel type, engine displacement, engine power, vehicle weight,

CO2 emissions, diesel particulate filter (DPF) implementation, the Euro Standard and the Ecoscore. From this

year onwards the field of engine technology is added in order to allow a distinction of the various hybrid

architectures. In the fiches presented further on, comparisons which used to be based on fuel type have now

been changed for engine technology. The main focus is on the most recent registration year (2015), while the

presented graphs and tables show the evolution over the previous years. Similar to the 2015 report, this report

provides in the essential trend analyses for both the national as the regional new and re-registered fleets.

The reader of this report must note that the presented analyses concern specifically vehicle (re-)/registrations, indicating that this doesn’t necessarily reflect what is actually driving on the road in Belgium and/or its regions. For an overview of the total Belgian passenger car fleet, we refer to the analyses by VITO (Beckx & Denys, Analysis of the Belgian Car Fleet 2015, 2016).

Following the optimizations of last year’s report (Hooftman, Messagie, Coosemans, & Van Mierlo, 2015), this document presents a brief guidance to the given graphs and tables, and provides structured overviews in so-called ‘fiches’ for the most important indicators per region.

The different numbers and figures which are presented serve as a source for further statistics, as they are being

used by the Flemish administration in their reporting (e.g. VRIND, MIRA, Pact 2020, website Studiedienst

Vlaamse Regering (SVR)) as well as by the Brussels Capital Region’s administration (Brussels Instituut voor

Statistiek en Analyse (BISA)). References to these publications can be found in the titles/captions of the

respective figures. For further detailed information, the reader of this report is referred to the administration

services of the regions, as they can retrieve additional information from the interactive MS Excel Pivot Tables

(discussed later on).

1.2. DATA USED

1.2.1. REGISTRATION AND EMISSION DATA

The databases needed to perform analyses on the new and re-registered vehicle fleets were provided by VITO and are based on data originally obtained from DIV, the Belgian vehicle registration service. These datasets

contain an overview of all passenger cars registered in Belgium from January 1st

to December 31st

of the

assessed year, either for the first time or a successive time.

Each record in the database represents a (re-)registered car and consists of technical information on the engine

displacement, engine power, mass in running order, Euro standard, year of first registration, fuel type, CO2 and

PM emissions and finally the Region of registration. For the sake of completeness of the databases, VITO

matched the DIV data with the database from RDW (‘Rijksdienst voor Wegverkeer’), the Dutch counterpart of

DIV, to complete the technical vehicle data with the environmental characteristics. This is done as previous

analyses have proven that the emission data from DIV is not always complete – or providing incorrect figures.

There where the DIV data lacks the required information, the correct information is added with the RDW

information (e.g. the official emission factors). By doing so, each vehicle could be assigned an Ecoscore based

upon the reliable data.

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The databases as well contain additional fields describing the type of registration (i.e. owned by a legal body

(company) or a private person) and the type of ownership (i.e. bought or leased). As there have been several

changes concerning the definition of company cars from 2012 onwards, there might be some trend changes

that can be observed between 2011 and 2012 company car data. For further information about this transition,

please refer to the introduction in (Beckx C., 2014).

It must be noted that regarding LPG vehicles, the official emission data are given for the original petrol vehicle,

which is retrofitted to LPG. The reason for this is that no car manufacturer offers factory-installed LPG-fuelled

vehicles, hence the retrofitting afterwards by a certified workshop. This means that there is no type approval

data available for this category of vehicles, albeit that the DIV-database labels them as ‘LPG-vehicles’. This is

also true for the RDW database. The Ecoscore for LPG vehicles was calculated by using a 12% lower CO2

emission than for the corresponding petrol vehicle, while the original value for the other pollutants was

maintained (Denys, 2008). This issue only occurs for the LPG registrations. Considering the other fuel types, this

report distinguishes hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) as well as plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) according to

the fuel technology they’re based upon. They are referred to as BCS/DCS for petrol/diesel charge-sustaining

hybrids and as BPH/DPH for petrol/diesel plug-in hybrids. Moreover, battery electric vehicles (BEV) and

hydrogen powered fuel cell electric vehicles (H2F) are included in the analyses as well.

Concerning particulate matter emissions, the type approval threshold value of 5 mg/km is used for the

distinction of DPF-equipped vehicles in the Microsoft Access 2010 databases. These are currently only applied

on diesel vehicles, although it is expected that from 2017 onwards, direct-injection petrol cars (GDI) will also be

fitted a so-called gasoline particulate filter (GPF). The reason for this is the 2017 introduction of the same

particle number (PN) limit for petrol as what’s already in force for diesel vehicles (6 x 1011

particles per

kilometre) (Archer, 2013). Due to some inaccuracies in the vehicle registration data, certain Euro 5 and 6 diesel

vehicles have been mistaken concerning the PM emissions and are therefore recognised as ‘NoDPF’ vehicles by

our calculations. This limited number of diesel cars should be categorized under the ‘DPF’ vehicles.

Finally, as all the available data for the new and used fleets since 2008 have been harmonized by VITO, one

should consider this report as the only reliable source for both the used and the re-registered fleets. This can

be explained by the fact that the execution of several corrections to the original datasets by VITO may have led

to minor changes in the indicator evolutions which were presented in the previous years. For this report of the

2015 fleet, a correction took place for the new registrations, for which in 2011 a limited number of Euro 4 cars,

which were registered after the introduction of the successive Euro standard, were mistakenly reported as

Euro 5 cars. These cars were allowed to be sold after the deadline, although the Euro 5 regime was already in

force. As a result, a minor influence can be noticed in the 2011 Euro 4 and 5 fleet. A bigger impact can be found

in the re-registered fleet since 2011.

1.3. STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT In order to increase the ease of comparing the data presented in this report with what’s given in (Beckx &

Denys, Analysis of the Belgian Car Fleet 2014, 2015), a likewise approach is applied wherever possible. For this

reason, the indicator overview in chapter 2 presents the most important indicator for the regions over the last

8 years. In addition, the national evolutions according to type of registration (company vs. private) and type of

ownership (bought vs. leased) are given.

In chapter 3 ’PIVOT table’ a brief overview of the instructions to consult the ‘2016 Draaitabellen Belgische

Nieuwe Vloot 08-15’ and ‘2016 Draaitabellen Belgische Gebruikte Vloot 08-15’’ pivot tables is given. Hereby,

additional analyses could be performed in a user-friendly environment. A dashboard has been created in the

new registrations’ file, which already provides an overview of the most frequently sought-for results. In the

annex of this report indicator-specific overviews can be found, accompanied by a brief trend analysis.

3

2. INDICATOR OVERVIEW

TABLE 3: OVERVIEW OF THE INDICATORS FOR THE NEW REGISTRATIONS IN FLANDERS

New – Flanders 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Δ(15-08)

Number of cars 285.228 252.238 283.784 305.255 270.849 268.050 263.324 281.771 -1,2% Ecoscore 55,7 58,0 59,8 61,8 62,3 63,4 64,3 65,6 +17,9% MRO (kg) 1.450 1.435 1.434 1.440 1.465 1.445 1.443 1.452 +0,1% Displacement (cc) 1748 1.718 1.680 1.654 1.669 1.634 1.629 1.622 -7,2% Engine Power (kW) 84 84 83 84 87 86 89 92 +9,5% CO2 emissions (g/km)

153 147 138 129 130 126 123 119 -22,2%


77% 73% 73% 73% 67% 63% 60% 60% -14,3%

TABLE 4: OVERVIEW OF THE FOR THE NEW REGISTRATIONS IN THE BRUSSELS CAPITAL REGION

New - Brussels 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Δ('15-'08)

Number of cars 96.481 77.208 87.606 87.455 82.892 79.261 79.409 82.605 -14,3% Ecoscore 54,7 57,6 59,7 61,3 62,0 62,8 63,8 65,6 +20,0% MRO (kg) 1.446 1.434 1.434 1.448 1.444 1.437 1.428 1.431 -1,0% Displacement (cc) 1.751 1.713 1.668 1.661 1.645 1.630 1.619 1.603 -8,4% Engine Power (kW) 83 82 82 84 84 84 85 88 +6,0% CO2 emissions (g/km)

150 142 134 127 125 121 117 114 -24%


84% 80% 80% 80% 76% 75% 71% 70% -16,7%

TABLE 5: OVERVIEW OF THE INDICATORS FOR THE NEW REGISTRATIONS IN WALLONIA

New – Wallonia 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Δ(15-08)

Number of cars 153.352 149.050 175.032 177.999 134.151 140.287 141.668 138.079 -10,0% Ecoscore 56,4 58,5 60,1 62,6 62,8 63,8 64,6 66,1 +17,9% MRO (kg) 1.360 1.341 1.348 1.356 1.386 1.370 1.363 1.361 +0,0% Displacement (cc) 1.611 1.581 1.560 1.547 1.561 1.524 1.516 1.494 -7,3% Engine Power (kW) 74 74 75 77 79 78 80 81 +9,4% CO2 emissions (g/km)

143 135 128 121 126 122 120 117 -18,2%


79% 77% 79% 76% 67% 64% 60% 55% -30,4%

TABLE 6: OVERVIEW OF THE INDICATORS FOR THE NEW PRIVATE CAR FLEET REGISTERED IN BELGIUM

New - Private 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Δ(15-08)

Number of cars 306.734 299.772 343.438 345.214 257.927 263.520 258.064 250.989 -18,2% Ecoscore 57,3 59,3 60,8 63,4 63,6 64,8 65,6 67,0 +17,5% MRO (kg) 1357 1341 1343 1335 1377 1366 1357 1354 -0,2% Displacement (cc) 1599 1574 1548 1509 1549 1517 1499 1478 -7,6% Engine Power (kW) 74 74 74 74 79 79 81 83 +12,2% CO2 emissions (g/km)

146 139 131 123 131 126 124 121 -17,1%


71% 67% 69% 66% 54% 50% 46% 42% -40,8%

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TABLE 7: OVERVIEW OF THE INDICATORS FOR THE NEW COMPANY CAR FLEET REGISTERED IN BELGIIUM

New - Company 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Δ(15-08)

Number of cars 228.327 178.724 202.984 225.495 229.965 224.078 226.337 251.557 +10,2% Ecoscore 53,6 56,0 58,2 59,5 61,0 61,8 62,8 64,5 +20,4% MRO (kg) 1513 1513 1515 1539 1509 1488 1486 1492 -1,4% Displacement (cc) 1857 1843 1794 1793 1732 1702 1703 1689 -9,0% Engine Power (kW) 90 91 91 93 91 89 91 94 +4,4% CO2 emissions (g/km)

155 149 140 133 125 121 118 114 -26 ,5%


90% 89% 88% 89% 85% 83% 80% 79% -16,7%

TABLE 8: OVERVIEW OF THE INDICATORS FOR THE NEW BOUGHT COMPANY CAR FLEET REGISTERED IN BELGIUM

New–Bought CC 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Δ(15-08)

Number of cars 105.353 90.285 102.221 105.530 109.619 109.542 112.673 119.703 +13,6% Ecoscore 53,1 55,2 57,4 58,9 61,0 61,8 62,8 64,3 +20,8% MRO (kg) 1547 1543 1545 1580 1524 1502 1504 1520 -1,7% Displacement (cc) 1932 1911 1860 1879 1773 1726 1732 1732 -10,4% Engine Power (kW)

96 97 96 100 95 93 96 101 +5,2%


163 156 147 142 130 126 123 120 -26,4%


87% 86% 87% 86% 80% 78% 74% 72% -17,2%

TABLE 9: OVERVIEW OF THE INDICATORS FOR THE NEW LEASED COMPANY CAR FLEET REGISTERED IN BELGIUM

New-Leased CC 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Δ(14-08)

Number of cars 122.974 88.439 100.763 119.965 120.346 114.536 113.664 131.854 +7,2% Ecoscore 54,1 56,7 59,0 59,9 61,0 61,8 62,8 64,7 +20,4% MRO (kg) 1.485 1.484 1.484 1.505 1.495 1.474 1.467 1.467 -1,2% Displacement (cc) 1.793 1.774 1.728 1.718 1.695 1.679 1.674 1.651 -7,9 Engine Power kW) 85 86 85 87 86 85 87 88 +3,5% CO2 emissions (g/km)

149 141 133 126 120 116 113 110 -26,2%


92% 91% 89% 91% 90% 88% 86% 85% -7,6%

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3. PIVOT TABLE

3.1. INTRODUCTION Similar to last year, a pivot table was created in order to allow the members of the Ecoscore steering to

perform specific analyses individually. Due to the size of the dataset, the pivot table uses Microsoft Excel as the

interface, while connecting to an external Microsoft Access database. This however, shouldn’t be an issue for

the user, except for the fact that some calculations might take a bit longer to be executed.

A dashboard is given for the new fleet registrations and allows the user to quickly select the required variables

in a limited list of parameters. Pre-defined graphs will immediately render the results of the search, while the

most important indicators are given as well for every registration and ownership type. For a more detailed

research however, the user should refer to the actual pivot table shown in tab ‘Pivot table BEL New 08-15’. For

the used fleet, no dashboard is provided.

3.2. GETTING STARTED Once downloaded, both the Microsoft Excel files for the new and used fleets can be used. It is important to

know that both tables were created in Microsoft Excel 2010, which might cause lay-out changes if the files are

opened in an older/newer version of the software. Figure 1 shows what you should see once the file is opened.

FIGURE 1: SCREENSHOT OF THE NEW FLEET’S PIVOT TABLE DASHBOARD

On the left-hand side of the worksheet the slicers can be seen. The same parameters which are shown in the

slicers return on the right-hand side of the worksheet, i.e. in the PivotTable Field List as so-called ‘Fields’. A

pivot table and chart can be designed by dragging the required fields into the four areas in the lower part of the

PivotTable Field List. The values which one wants to plot as a function of the columns (Legend Fields (Series))

and rows (Axis Fields (Categories)) should be dragged into the ‘Σ Values’ field. Automatically the pivot table will

be generated (at the centre bottom of the worksheet presented in Figure 1), as well as a pivot chart. The chart

type can be changed if desired.

Important to remember is that the values will be default show the ‘SUM’ of all values. For e.g. obtaining the absolute number of registrations within Belgium for year X, the outcome will result in incorrect numbers. Here for, the Field Setting of the Values field must be changed to ‘COUNT’ (or average, depending on the desired

6

result). This can be done by clicking the field ‘Σ Values’ and selecting ‘Value Field Settings’. The dialog box showed in Figure 2 will appear, in which the value summary can be changed.

Other changes can be made for example to the way the values are presented in the pivot table itself. By right-

clicking a value in the table ‘Show Values As’ can be selected. Here one can select to display the values as

percentages of the total, of the row total, etc. To simply format the cells, the same procedure should be

followed by right-clicking a value and subsequently selecting ‘Format Cells’. For additional information and

examples to get started with these pivot tables, please refer to the document ‘Handleiding voor de Ecoscore

draaitabellen – Update 2016’.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Archer, G. (2013). Opgehaald van

http://www.transportenvironment.org/sites/te/files/publications/GDI%20Briefing_final_T%26E.pdf

Beckx, C., & Denys, T. (2015). Analysis of the Belgian Car Fleet 2014. Mol: VITO.

Beckx, C., & Denys, T. (2016). Analysis of the Belgian Car Fleet 2015. Mol: VITO.

Denys, T. B. (2008). Uitwerken van een berekeningswijze om het milieuvoordeel van omgebouwde voertuigen te

integreren in de hervorming van de verkeersbelastingen. Mol: VITO report 2008/ETE/R/108 on behalf

of the Flemish Environmental Administration.

Hooftman, N., Messagie, M., Coosemans, T., & Van Mierlo, J. (2015). Indicators of the 2014 New and Second-

hand Vehicle Fleet in Belgium and the different Regions. Brussels: Vrije Universiteit Brussel.

FIGURE 2: SCREENSHOT OF THE VALUE FIELD SETTINGS DIALOGUE BOX

7

ANNEX

A. OVERVIEW FICHES A selection of indicators has been further analysed in the respective fiches. By means of these, specific trends

in the evolution of the most relevant vehicle characteristic are shown. For the following indicators, a thorough

analysis is available:

FICHE 1: FLEET SIZE

FICHE 2: ECOSCORE

FICHE 3: CO2

FICHE 4: (USED) FLEET AGE

FICHE 5: EURO STANDARD

FICHE 6: COMBINED ANALYSIS

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Totals VL BCR WAL BEL

2008 285228 96481 153352 535061

2009 252238 77208 149050 478496

2010 283784 87606 175032 546422

2011 305255 87455 177999 570709

2012 270849 82892 134151 487892

2013 268050 79261 140287 487598

2014 263324 79409 141668 484401

2015 281771 82605 138079 502455

Growth VL BCR WAL BEL

2008 - - - -

2009 -11,57% -19,98% -2,81% -10,57%

2010 12,51% 13,47% 17,43% 14,20%

2011 7,57% -0,17% 1,70% 4,44%

2012 -11,27% -5,22% -24,63% -14,51%

2013 -1,03% -4,38% 4,57% -0,06%

2014 -1,76% 0,19% 0,98% -0,66%

2015 7,01% 4,02% -2,53% 3,73%

Totals BNZ DSL LPG CNG BCS DCS BPH DPH BEV H2F NA

2008 110991 421790 852 33 1395

2009 116002 360163 632 30 1667 2

2010 126895 414924 475 39 4041 47 1

2011 133765 429704 294 37 6630 16 263

2012 145739 335335 296 76 4303 1252 325 4 562

2013 164677 315808 162 146 4869 1116 166 157 497

2014 173734 300049 135 922 6847 670 742 136 1161 2 3

2015 189778 300470 117 662 6131 1448 2226 267 1352 4

Fiche 1a: New registrations fleet size

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TOTALS VL BCR WAL BEL

Company Private Company Private Company Private Company Private

Bought Leased Bought Leased Bought Leased Bought Bought Leased Bought Bought Leased Bought Leased

2008 58469 66357 160402 21815 56567 18099 25069 50 128233 105353 122974 306734

2009 49121 47015 156101 1 18984 41398 16826 22180 26 126844 90285 88439 299771 1

2010 56535 50835 176414 18136 49904 19566 27550 24 147458 102221 100763 343438

2011 58525 67673 179057 15375 52268 19812 31630 24 146345 105530 119965 345214

2012 56719 75565 138565 24292 43306 15294 28608 1475 104068 109619 120346 257927

2013 54018 71679 142353 22969 41426 14866 32555 1431 106301 109542 114536 263520

2014 58314 67690 137320 20795 44316 14298 33564 1658 106446 112673 113664 258064

2015 65241 82120 134410 21308 48144 13153 33154 1590 103335 119703 131854 250898

10

11

12

13

Fiche 1B: Used fleet size

TOTALS WAL VL BCR BEL

2008 226696 344122 66967 637785

2009 233785 353548 67608 654941

2010 232280 358573 68579 659432

2011 248039 406220 73093 727352

2012 210207 342524 61245 613976

2013 199948 325264 55911 581123

2014 203972 330687 55953 590612

2015 211716 343999 56175 611890

TOTALS BNZ DSL LPG CNG BCS DCS BPH DPH BEV H2F BEL

2008 269901 358717 9160 6 1 637785

2009 255795 391350 7762 31 1 2 654941

2010 250929 401614 6868 9 8 4 659432

2011 280253 440414 6631 27 14 13 727352

2012 202329 407940 3624 3 30 50 613976

2013 179269 399295 2401 6 34 118 581123

2014 182408 403254 2296 7 68 1891 314 166 15 191 2 590612

2015 195049 411733 1953 7 101 1912 312 466 15 342 611890

Growth WAL VL BCR BEL

2008 - - - -

2009 3,13% 2,74% 0,96% 2,69%

2010 -0,64% 1,42% 1,44% 0,69%

2011 6,78% 13,29% 6,58% 10,30%

2012 -15,25% -15,68% -16,21% -15,59%

2013 -4,88% -5,04% -8,71% -5,35%

2014 2,01% 1,67% 0,08% 1,63%

2015 3,80% 4,03% 0,40% 3,60%

Fiche 1b: Re-registrations fleet size

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WAL VL BCR BEL

Company Private Company Private Company Private Company Private

TOTALS Bought Leased Bought Bought Leased Bought Bought Leased Bought Bought Leased Bought

2008 10015 28 216653 26764 1423 315935 6440 1051 59476 43219 2502 592064

2009 9810 223975 25394 1490 326664 6161 1016 60431 41365 2506 611070

2010 10619 15 221646 27926 1565 329082 6951 1118 60510 45496 2698 611238

2011 11894 12 236133 32694 2041 371485 8445 1124 63524 53033 3177 671142

2012 8790 236 201181 22850 2899 316775 6016 886 54343 37656 4021 572299

2013 8529 272 191147 21786 3485 299993 5763 738 49410 36078 4495 540550

2014 9011 264 194697 25513 2108 303066 6150 857 48946 40674 3229 546709

2015 9251 275 202190 26978 2031 314990 6067 719 49389 42296 3025 566569

15

16

17

These last numbers should be handled with care, as there most likely aren’t any used leased company cars. Due to a database error, these seem to have entered our

calculations.

18

Fiche 2A: Ecoscore for the new registrations

Fiche 2a: Ecoscore for new registrations

19

20

21

Fiche 2b: Ecoscore for the re-registrations

22

23

Fiche 3a: Average CO2 for the new registrations

24

25

Fiche 3B: CO2 for the re-registrations

Fiche 3b: Average CO2 for the re-registrations

26

27

Fiche 4: average age for the re-registrations

Fiche 4: Average age for the re-registrations

28

29

Fiche 5: Euro Standard

Fiche 5: Euro standard for the re-registrations

30

31

32

Fiche 6: Combined analysis

TABLE 10: OVERVIEW OF THE FLEMISH NEW FLEET ACCORDING TO REGISTRATION AND OWNERSHIP TYPE FOR AVERAGE ECOSCORE, MASS IN RUNNING ORDER AND ENGINE DISPLACEMENT (AS USED A.O. IN MIRA)

Company Private

Bought Leased Bought Leased

VL Ecoscore MRO [kg] CC [cm³] Ecoscore MRO [kg] CC [cm³] Ecoscore MRO [kg] CC [cm³] Ecoscore MRO [kg] CC [cm³]

2008 53 1575 1983 54 1503 1822 57 1383 1632

2009 55 1569 1972 56 1510 1815 59 1371 1609 60 1485 1598

2010 57 1570 1921 59 1512 1767 61 1369 1577

2011 59 1601 1926 60 1528 1746 63 1355 1530

2012 61 1555 1831 61 1516 1721 64 1400 1574

2013 62 1533 1792 62 1488 1700 65 1390 1541

2014 63 1537 1796 63 1491 1707 66 1379 1520

2015 64 1555 1794 64 1488 1681 67 1379 1503

TABLE 11: NUMBER OF NEW CARS SOLD IN FLANDERS IN 2015, ACCORDING TO FUEL, REGISTRATION AND OWNERSHIP TYPE (AS USED A.O. IN MIRA)

Company Private

VL 2015 Bought Leased Bought

BEV 767 135 89

BCS 1208 878 1779

BNZ 16412 7974 81975

DCS 421 336 154

BPH 1154 332 121

DPH 38 209 6

CNG 316 51 173

DSL 44921 72201 50061

H2F 2

LPG 4 2 52

Fiche 6: Combined analyses

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TABLE 12: OVERVIEW OF THE BCR’S NEW FLEET ACCORDING TO REGISTRATION AND OWNERSHIP TYPE FOR AVERAGE ECOSCORE, MASS IN RUNNING ORDER AND ENGINE DISPLACEMENT (AS USED A.O. BY BISA)

Company Private

Bought Leased Bought

BCR Ecoscore MRO [kg] CC [cm³] Ecoscore MRO [kg] CC [cm³] Ecoscore MRO [kg] CC [cm³]

2008 53 1502 1875 54 1464 1759 59 1324 1578

2009 56 1495 1823 57 1455 1727 61 1311 1553

2010 58 1506 1772 59 1456 1688 62 1308 1520

2011 59 1557 1834 60 1475 1681 65 1290 1474

2012 61 1477 1702 61 1461 1653 65 1345 1531

2013 62 1482 1689 62 1449 1645 66 1332 1494

2014 63 1484 1697 63 1434 1628 67 1327 1479

2015 65 1489 1687 65 1433 1603 68 1333 1466

TABLE 13: : NUMBER OF NEW CARS SOLD IN THE BCR IN 2015, ACCORDING TO FUEL, REGISTRATION AND OWNERSHIP TYPE (AS USED A.O. BY BISA)

Company Private

BCR 2015 Bought Leased Bought

BEV 160 53 15

BCS 323 246 332

BNZ 5333 9852 8516

DCS 131 123 3

BPH 200 89 11

DPH 5 4

CNG 23 23 14

DSL 15131 37754 4262

H2F 2

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TABLE 14: OVERVIEW OF WALLONIA’S NEW FLEET ACCORDING TO REGISTRATION AND OWNERSHIP TYPE FOR AVERAGE ECOSCORE, MASS IN RUNNING ORDER AND ENGINE DISPLACEMENT

Company Private

Bought Leased Bought

WAL Ecoscore MRO [kg] CC [cm³] Ecoscore MRO [kg] CC [cm³] Ecoscore MRO [kg] CC [cm³]

2008 53 1521 1864 55 1339 1487 57 1329 1561

2009 55 1526 1851 60 1308 1529 59 1309 1533

2010 57 1520 1790 60 1271 1533 61 1316 1517

2011 59 1551 1814 62 1233 1429 63 1315 1489

2012 61 1504 1717 61 1463 1596 63 1352 1517

2013 62 1466 1642 62 1464 1561 65 1339 1488

2014 63 1459 1644 63 1408 1527 65 1332 1475

2015 64 1471 1639 64 1427 1519 67 1324 1447

TABLE 15: NUMBER OF NEW CARS SOLD IN THE WALLOON REGION IN 2015, ACCORDING TO FUEL, REGISTRATION AND OWNERSHIP TYPE

Company Private

WAL 2015 Bought Leased Bought

BEV 109 24

BCS 256 5 1104

BNZ 7432 402 51882

DCS 210 70

BPH 265 6 48

DPH 4 1

CNG 9 53

DSL 24860 1177 50103

LPG 9 50

registrations of new and used vehicles

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