Regional Policy Briefing no.7 Water Resources Management in the Caribbean Protecting fresh and coastal waters and building climate resilience Christopher Cox PhD Programme Director Caribbean Environmental Health Institute 23 rd April 2012 Pointe aux Piments, Mauritius
15
Embed
Regional Policy Briefing no.7 Water Resources Management in the Caribbean Protecting fresh and coastal waters and building climate resilience Christopher.
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
Regional Policy Briefing no.7
Water Resources Management in the CaribbeanProtecting fresh and coastal waters and building climate resilience
Christopher Cox PhDProgramme DirectorCaribbean Environmental Health Institute23rd April 2012Pointe aux Piments, Mauritius
Presentation outline
Background
Climate change and water resources challenges
Response toward building resilience
• The IWRM approach
• Initiatives
• Lessons learnt
• Partnerships
About CEHI CEHI was established by
the Governments of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) 1989 to respond to the Environmental Health and Management concerns of its Member States.
Through CARICOM Protocols it is an Institution of the Community
• Irrigation return flows (irrigation water return to a lake, stream or canal)
Climate Change and water CC will force additional stresses Caribbean climate modeling predictions:
• changes in patterns of rainfall accumulation and distribution
• overall trend to less annual rainfall – 25 to 30% reduction
• more extreme events
Serious implications for water security• reduced aquifer recharge rates
• sea-level rise; saline intrusion
• storm damage to infrastructure and contamination: landslides, floods
Health impacts• Vector proliferation
Water governance issues Institutional and regulatory frameworks not ideal
• no unified WRM policy
• absence of national “apex” bodies
• Inadequate national water laws
• Multiple agencies - fragmentation
• Inadequate data
WR management - typically within realm of water utility operations by statutory authority - dual, conflictive roles
Water not valued as an economic good • Low level of priority; Cost recovery challenges
Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) approach Process of sustainable development, allocation
and monitoring of water resource use in the context of social, economic and environmental objectives
IWRM in SIDS must consider both domains of freshwater and coastal waters• Other ways of saying; in context of the spatial
dimension:• Ridge to Reef (R2R)• Integrating Watershed and Coastal Areas management
(IWCAM)• White water to Blue Water (WR2BR)
IWRM provides unified management for water services provision and waste water management
• Waste waters are typically discharge to sea with coastal resource user conflicts
Work supported under GEF-IWCAM Project
Land-based Sources of Marine Pollution (LBS) Protocol Cartagena Convention (1986) – protection of
Caribbean Sea LBS Protocol - General Obligations
• National Planning e.g. EIAs
• Integrated Coastal Zone & Watershed Management
• Environmental Monitoring & Assessment
Specific Obligations for Major Pollutants• Effluent & Emissions limitations, Time Tables for
implementation, & Classification of Recreational Waters
• Best Management Practices
• Most Appropriate Technologies
Embodied within the National Plan of Action (NPA)
Progress - National actions National water policies, strategies developed – highlight climate
change as a key driver• Grenada, Jamaica, St. Lucia have policy statements• Jamaica advanced toward development of IWRM Plan• Trinidad & Tobago WR master planning process underway
Community mobilization in WRM• Water conservation
Application of new technologies; water augmentation• Ground water exploration in Tobago, St. Lucia• Rainwater harvesting – many countries
Land zoning for water supply protection• Barbados – 5 zones based on sensitivity; longstanding policy
Water supply and sanitation• Rural infrastructure expansion – all countries; variable progress
SUPPORTED BY VARIOUS REGIONAL & INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES – PROJECTS AND PROGRAMMES
Challenges…lessons being learned Selling IWRM; concept is vague to most - Climate change provides
a good entry point• Perceived to be rather academic; tangibles not readily apparent• IWRM remains in realm of water and natural resource professionals
One size does not fit all• Varying circumstances between countries