Insert University logos Polymer Cluster T owards the A ffordable TARF-LCV Seminar 17-07-2014 1 Regeneration of thermally recycled glass fibre for cost- effective composite recycling Advanced Composites Group Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow, Scotland
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Regeneration of thermally recycled glass fibre for cost-effective composite recycling
Regeneration of thermally recycled glass fibre for cost-effective composite recycling. Advanced Composites Group Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering University of Strathclyde Glasgow, Scotland. Advanced Composite Group Recycling Team. TARF-LCV Liu Yang ( ex RA, now Lecturer ) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Insert University logosPolymer Cluster
Towards the Affordable
Recyclable Future – Low Carbon Vehicle
TARF-LCV Seminar 17-07-2014
1
Regeneration of thermally recycled glass fibre for cost-effective composite recycling
Advanced Composites Group
Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering
University of Strathclyde
Glasgow, Scotland
2
TARF-LCV Seminar 17-07-2014
Towards the Affordable
Recyclable Future – Low Carbon Vehicle
Insert University logosPolymer Cluster
TARF-LCV- Liu Yang (ex RA, now Lecturer)- Durai Raghavalu Thirumalai (RA)- Peter Jenkins (PhD)- Ulf Nagel (PhD)
ReCoVeR- Chih-Chuan Kao (RA)- Eduardo Sáez-Rodriguez (PhD)- Winifred Ijomah (CI)
Advanced Composite Group Recycling Team
3
TARF-LCV Seminar 17-07-2014
Towards the Affordable
Recyclable Future – Low Carbon Vehicle
Insert University logosPolymer Cluster Introduction
Mainly into chopped fibre thermoplastic composites.
Intrinsically recyclable
Landfill no longer acceptable – but very difficult to recover
continuous fibre
Mainly into continuous fibre
thermoset composites
ReCoVeR and reuse as valuable chopped fibre ?
Challenging to recycle - so end-of-life = landfill ? (or zero value filler)
INDUSTRY LEADER
INNOVATION
GLOBAL VISION
SOLUTIONS
PARTNERSHIP
Thermal Processes
Incineration Fluidized bedPyrolysis Solvolysis
• Energy recovery
• Not suitable for inorganic products
• Recover organic components
• Clean fibres and length retains
Thermo-chemical processes
Mechanical grinding
• Some energy recovery from composites
• High content of inorganic material – no longer fibrous
• Not clean fibres
• Mainly reuse as very low value filler
• Clean fibres and length retains
• Energy recovery with subsequent combustion of organic products applies
GRP Recycling Techniques
Recovered Glass Fibre has very poor
performance
INDUSTRY LEADER
INNOVATION
GLOBAL VISION
SOLUTIONS
PARTNERSHIP
Strength after Thermo-Mechanical Treatment
INDUSTRY LEADER
INNOVATION
GLOBAL VISION
SOLUTIONS
PARTNERSHIP
The MissionEnable the development of cost-effective, drop-in, glass fibre and composite products for lightweight automotive applications based on recycled glass fibres with regenerated mechanical performance
Regenerated Composite Value Reinforcement
13
TARF-LCV Seminar 17-07-2014
Towards the Affordable
Recyclable Future – Low Carbon Vehicle
Insert University logosPolymer Cluster
Effect of Thermal Conditioning on
Glass Fibre Strength ?
• Single Fibre Strength?
• Sizing/surface changes ?
• Bulk fibre change/relaxation ?
INDUSTRY LEADER
INNOVATION
GLOBAL VISION
SOLUTIONS
PARTNERSHIP
Strength Loss Mechanism?
J Mater Sci (2014) submitted
• Heated 15 minutes in air• Measure Strength at 23°C• Gauge length: 20 mm• Strain rate: 1.5 %/min.• 70–100 fibres per condition
INDUSTRY LEADER
INNOVATION
GLOBAL VISION
SOLUTIONS
PARTNERSHIP
Strength Loss Mechanisms?
Untreated
HT at 400°C
AFM carried out at Univ. of Nottingham
FE-SEM carried out at AMRL Univ. of Strathclyde
INDUSTRY LEADER
INNOVATION
GLOBAL VISION
SOLUTIONS
PARTNERSHIP
Strength Loss Mechanisms Investigation
• Fibre strength after heat (bundle vs single fibre)
• TGA of silane film degradation
• TMA for single fibre modulus and dimension changes during conditioning
• IR analysis of silane NH2 group on fibre
• XPS surface analysis of %N on fibre
• XRD for crystal growth
• AFM & SEM of fibre surface topography
• Evolution of water
Poster - Jenkins
INDUSTRY LEADER
INNOVATION
GLOBAL VISION
SOLUTIONS
PARTNERSHIP
Current State of Strength Loss Mechanism Investigation
Mechanism of strength loss probably involves
• sizing degradation
• surface flaws (number/severity increase)
• change/relaxation in glass structure
• removal of water/dehydroxylization
More work required for full understanding
18
TARF-LCV Seminar 17-07-2014
Towards the Affordable
Recyclable Future – Low Carbon Vehicle
Insert University logosPolymer Cluster
Glass Fibres Recycled out of Composites?
• Heated Fibre vs Recycled Composite ?• Lab scale recycling of fibre out of model
composites (polyester and epoxy based)
• 1 Larger trial run on Univ. of Nottingham Fluidised Bed Reactor