REFRIGERATION (REF) · REFRIGERATION (REF) CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY ... The principle development of refrigeration began back to the 19th century,

EXPERIMENT MODULE

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION LABORATORY

REFRIGERATION

(REF)

CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

2018

INSTRUCTIONAL LABORATORY CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPT.

FTI - ITB

REFRIGERATION MODULE (REF)

REF – 2016/PW 2

Contributor:

Ir. Johnner Sitompul, M.Sc., Ph.D., Dr. Ardiyan Harimawan, Joseph Bimandita Sunjoto,

Atika Salma, Dr. Pramujo Widiatmoko


FTI - ITB


REF – 2016/PW 3

TABLE OF CONTENT

TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................................................................. 3

LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................................... 4

LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................... 5

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 6

CHAPTER II PURPOSE AND TARGET OF EXPERIMENT ................................................. 8

2.1 Purpose ........................................................................................................................ 8

2.2 Target .......................................................................................................................... 8

CHAPTER III EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN .............................................................................. 9

3.1 Tools and Experimental Support Materials ...................................................................... 9

3.2 Experimental tool scheme ................................................................................................ 9

CHAPTER IV WORK PROCEDURE ..................................................................................... 10

4.2 Work Procedure Use of Tools ........................................................................................ 10

BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................................................... 12

APPENDIX A RAW DATA TABLE ....................................................................................... 13

APPENDIX B CALCULATION PROCEDURE ..................................................................... 15

APPENDIX C JSA CONTROL SHEET .................................................................................. 16


FTI - ITB


REF – 2016/PW 4

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1 Differences of Refrigeration Cycle and Carnot Cycle .............................................. 6

Figure 1.2 Refrigeration Cycle ................................................................................................... 7

Figure 3.1 The tool scheme ......................................................................................................... 9

Figure 4.1 Experimental flow diagram ..................................................................................... 10


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REF – 2016/PW 5

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1. Variation of opening capillary pipe valve 50% .......................................................... 13

Table 2. Variation of opening of thermal expansion valve 100% ............................................ 13

Table 3. Variation of Heating Load In Evaporator ................................................................... 14


FTI - ITB


REF – 2018/PW 6

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

The principle development of refrigeration began back to the 19th century, written in the

London Practical Mechanics Journal by anonymous authors. The first patent of a refrigeration

machine was recorded on behalf of Thomas Harris and John Long, published in Great Britain

in 1790. Refrigeration is the process of transferring heat from a low temperature system to a

higher temperature system to obtain a fixed temperature below ambient temperature. This

refrigeration cycle is in principle the reverse of the heat engine cycle (Carnot cycle). The

effects of such cycles are the absorption of working energy and the transfer of heat energy

from low temperature heat reservoirs to high temperature heat reservoirs.

Figure 1.1 Differences of Refrigeration Cycle and Carnot Cycle

Refrigeration systems are often used for air conditioning in a given space, such as office

space or storage space. In addition to functioning as an air conditioner, refrigeration systems

have been used for many years in the manufacturing, petroleum, chemical and food

industries. Example of refrigeration system applications for the manufacturing industry is in

the process of cooling the steel. Application of the main refrigeration system in the chemical

industry is the process of liquefaction or liquefaction of natural gas. Application of

refrigeration in the field of food, especially for food preserving (food preserving such as

Refrigeration


FTI - ITB


REF – 2018/PW 7

meat, eggs, ice cream, or food preservation in storage) or in the process of distribution or

transportation of food by truck or trailer. Many applications of refrigeration systems in the

industrial world make the refrigeration system as a very important topic to be discussed.

Further understanding and observation of the working principle of refrigeration and

parameters affecting the performance of the refrigeration system is also indispensable.

P

QH

C B

QL

D A

Win

H

ENTALPHY

Figure 1.2 Refrigeration Cycle

This refrigeration cycle can be seen in Figure 1.2, consisting of the following process:

Process A – B : The refrigerant is compressed isentropically and the phase

changes from saturated vapor to superheated vapor

Process B – C : Heat energy is removed from the cycle by condensing the

refrigerant. The phase changes to saturated liquid.

Process C – D : The isentalphy expansion on the refrigerant that causes the

phase to turn into a liquid-vapor mixture.

Proses D – A : To input the heat energy into the cycle by evaporating the

refrigerant. The phase changes to a saturated vapor.


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REF – 2018/PW 8

CHAPTER II

PURPOSE AND TARGET OF EXPERIMENT

2.1 Purpose

The purpose of practition conduct Refrigeration experiment is as follows:

a. Studying the mechanical refrigeration cycle especially the vapor compression

cycle.

b. Knowing the performance of refrigeration equipment based on load in evaporator

and condenser.

2.2 Target

a. Measuring the performance of refrigeration equipment, expressed by COP

(Coefficient of Performance) evaporator and condenser.

b. Calculate the compressor's electrical requirements.


FTI - ITB


REF – 2018/PW 9

CHAPTER III

EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN

3.1 Tools and Experimental Support Materials

In this refrigeration experiment the material used is a chemical refrigerant-22 CHClF2 or

Chlorodifluoromethane. Equipment used include compressor, condenser, steam container,

rotameter, sightglass, filter drier, thermal expantion valve, capillary expansion valve,

evaporator, high-low pressurestat, and manometer.

3.2 Experimental tool scheme

The tool scheme used in the experiment can be seen in Figure 3.1 below.

Figure 3.1 The tool scheme


FTI - ITB


REF – 2018/PW 10

CHAPTER IV

WORK PROCEDURE

4.1 Experimental flow diagram

The experimental flow diagram can be seen in Figure 4.2 below.

Start up equipment(Expansion valve is opened)

Refrigerant is flowed(Note the sightglass)

Do the variation

Equipment reaches steady state(P and T constant)

Measure P and T for each variation

Start

Finish

Figure 4.1 Experimental flow diagram

4.2 Work Procedure Use of Tools

The first thing to do is

1. Install the experimental tool at the appropriate power source

2. Start up of the equipment by opening the expansion valve

3. Flow the refrigerant by opening the valve until there is no air flow in the

appliance. This can be known by looking through the sightglass, because if there

is steam escaping the liquid receiver in sightglass it will be seen to have bubbles.


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REF – 2018/PW 11

This continues until the bubble is absent and until the apparatus reaches the

steady state, which is indicated by a constant pressure value (P) and temperature

(T).

4. Once the steady state is achieved variations are made

5. Measure discharge pressure and suction pressure

6. Measure the temperature at three points before entering the condenser, before

entering the expansion valve, and before entering the evaporator.

This is done on each variation of expansion valve. Variations can also be done in the form of

external disturbances in both heat exchangers, evaporators and condensers. The disturbance

can be either warming or cooling.


FTI - ITB


REF – 2018/PW 12

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Daubert, T.E., (1985), Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, International Edition,

Singapore : Mc-Graw Hill, Inc.

Http://www.refrigerants.com/MSDS/r22.pdf, (2004), Material Safety Data Sheet, Internet

Edition, New Jersey : National Refrigerants, Inc.

Jordan, R.C. dan Priester, G.B., 1956, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Second Edition,

Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, Inc.

Smith, J. M.,. Van Ness, H. C dan Abbot, MM, (1996), Introduction to Chemical Engineering

Thermodynamics, Fifth Edition, New York : Mc-Graw Hill, Inc.


FTI - ITB


REF – 2018/PW 13

APPENDIX A

RAW DATA TABLE

In this appendix there are examples of possible variations, but these variations are not fixed

depending on the assignment of the relevant lecturer.

Variation 1 : Opening of capillary pipe valve 50%

Table 1. Variation of opening capillary pipe valve 50%

Time (t) Tb Tc Td P suction P discharge

Voltage (V)

Current (I)

Flow rate

Variation 2 : Opening of Thermal Expansion Valve 100%

Table 2. Variation of opening of thermal expansion valve 100%



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REF – 2018/PW 14

Voltage (V)

Current (I)

Flow rate

Variaton 3 : Heating Load In Evaporator

Table 3. Variation of Heating Load In Evaporator


Voltage (V)

Current (I)

Flow rate


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REF – 2018/PW 15

APPENDIX B

CALCULATION PROCEDURE

Data processing required in this experiment can be done by following the steps below:

1. Prepare the P - H diagram of R-22 refrigerant

2. Do the calculation

a. Refrigerant mass flow rate

i. m = Q x r

b. Heat transfer

i. qcond = m x (hB – hC)

ii. qevap = m x (hA – hD)

c. Compressor work

i. Wkomp = qcond – qevap

d. COP (Coefficient of Performance)

i. COPevap,teoretik =

ii. COPcond,teoretik =

e. Electrical Power

i. Welectric = V.I.cos θ (cos θ = 0,8)


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REF – 2018/PW 16

APPENDIX C

SPECIFICATION AND LITERATURE DATA


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REF – 2018/PW 17

APPENDIX D

JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS CONTROL SHEET

No Material Material Properties Repressive act 1 Refrigerant-22

(CHClF2) Melting point -160 oC. Boiling point -40,8oC.

Not combustible at room temperature and atmospheric pressure

Combustible material when mixed with low pressure air and when close to flame source

If exposed to body parts,

rinse immediately with warm water.

If inhaled, get out of the lab room immediately

Accidents that may occur Repressive act

The tool is overpressured and can be damaged Make sure the thermal expansion valve is open in case the appliance is off.

Safety equipment

Practicum Coat

Safety Procedure Checking Tool

Assistant Advisor LabTK coordinator

Close all refrigerant

valve except thermal

expansion valve.

Disconnect power on the

refrigeration circuit.

Make sure the power

supply in the circuit is well

connected.

Make sure the

thermal expansion

valve is in open

condition.

Open the valve of

the refrigerant

Make sure no one is in front of the condenser or evaporator so that it does not mess with the tool

Make sure the exit pressure is not too large to prevent excessive pressure

REFRIGERATION (REF) · REFRIGERATION (REF) CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY ... The principle development of refrigeration began back to the 19th century,

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