Reformation

http://iespebilingue.wikispaces.com

http://iespebilingue.wikispaces.com

Some people were very critical of the Catholic Church:

•Bishops and cardinals enjoyed a life of luxury.

•Most of the clergy had little education and their pastoral work was very bad.

•Ecclesiastic positions were bought by people who wanted the privileges.

•The indulgences (documents that Pope gave to pardon sins for money), a big scandal!  

Bishop selling indulgences

http://iespebilingue.wikispaces.com

• Pope Leo X granted indulgences to finance the construction of St. Peter’s Basilica (1515).

• Martin Luther, a German monk, wrote 95 Theses to strongly criticise him.

• Leo X ordered Martin Luther to admit he was wrong.

• Luther did not do it and the Pope excommunicated him.

• Luther’s ideas spread.

• Lutherans were called later Protestants.

• They left the Catholic Church.

St. Peter’s Basilica

Pope Leo X (1475 – 1521)

http://iespebilingue.wikispaces.com

•Lutheranism spread rapidly through Germany.

•New religious movements appeared: Calvinism (founded by John Calvin)

•Anglican church:

•Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragón.

•The Pope did not want to.

•He founded the Anglican church (1534).

•Henry VIII became the head of the church instead of the Pope.

Henry VIII (1491 – 1547)

Catherine of Aragon (1485 – 1536)His first wife

http://iespebilingue.wikispaces.com

• People can only be saved by their faith and not by their works.

• You can connect directly with God by prayer.

• The interpretation of the Bible is free.

• Only two sacraments: Baptism and Eucharist.

• The cult of Virgin and saints have to be prohibited.

• Pope doesn’t have any authority.

• Clergy has to live in poverty and without wealth. 

Martin Luther (1483-1546)

Luther Bible

Martin Luther (1483-1546)

Lutheran church

http://iespebilingue.wikispaces.com

•Calvinism was founded by Jean Calvin.

•It was based on predestination: people are condemned or saved before they are born.

•This religion began in Geneva (Ginebra) and spread through the Netherlands, some regions of France and the British Isles.

Jean Calvin (1509 – 1564)

http://godshammer.wordpress.com/2009/11/22/martin-luther-quick-quote/

http://www.wordle.net/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luther_Bible http://www.ukapologetics.net/sabbatarianism.html http://haudenschild-com.blogspot.com/2010/02/5-spread-of-calvinism-in-europe-by.html

http://editoremancipado.blogspot.com/2011_06_01_archive.html

http://www.roma-antica.co.uk/page_1265644753431.html

http://timster-howdarei.blogspot.com/2011/06/picking-and-choosing.html

http://www.pbs.org/empires/medici/gallery/rap_leo.html

http://www.fresh-hope.com/forums/showthread.php?p=631538

http://iespebilingue.wikispaces.com