REFERENSI REFERENSI 1. 1. Management Information System : Raymod Management Information System : Raymod McLeod McLeod 2. 2. System Analysis and Design Methods : System Analysis and Design Methods : 1. 1. Jeffery L.Whitten Jeffery L.Whitten 2. 2. Lonnie D. Bentley Lonnie D. Bentley 3. 3. Kevin C.Dittman Kevin C.Dittman 3. 3. System Analysis and Design : Kendall & System Analysis and Design : Kendall & Kendall Kendall 4. 4. Information System : Theory and Information System : Theory and Practices : Practices : Starter & Burch Starter & Burch
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REFERENSI 1. Management Information System : Raymod McLeod 2. System Analysis and Design Methods : 1.Jeffery L.Whitten 2.Lonnie D. Bentley 3.Kevin C.Dittman.
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REFERENSIREFERENSI
1.1. Management Information System : Raymod Management Information System : Raymod McLeodMcLeod
2.2. System Analysis and Design Methods :System Analysis and Design Methods :1.1. Jeffery L.WhittenJeffery L.Whitten2.2. Lonnie D. BentleyLonnie D. Bentley3.3. Kevin C.DittmanKevin C.Dittman
3.3. System Analysis and Design : Kendall & KendallSystem Analysis and Design : Kendall & Kendall4.4. Information System : Theory and Practices :Information System : Theory and Practices :
Starter & BurchStarter & Burch
Bab 1Pengantar Sistem InformasiPengantar Sistem Informasi
Berbasis KomputerBerbasis Komputer
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS 8/ERaymond McLeod, Jr. and George Schell
Copyright 2001 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
1-2
Manajemen InformasiManajemen Informasi
Informasi: Sumber Daya Yang BerhargaSumber Daya Yang Berharga
1-3
Lima Sumber daya UtamaLima Sumber daya Utama
ManusiaManusia MaterialMaterial MesinMesin
– (termasuk fasilitas and energi)(termasuk fasilitas and energi)
UangUang Informasi (dan data)Informasi (dan data)
PhisikPhisik
KonsepKonsep}
}1-4
Bagaimana Mengelola Bagaimana Mengelola Sumber Daya?Sumber Daya?
Memperoleh informasi yang tepatMemperoleh informasi yang tepat Menyusun sesuai kebutuhan Menyusun sesuai kebutuhan Memaksimalkan penggunaanMemaksimalkan penggunaan Mengganti sumber daya pada saat kritisMengganti sumber daya pada saat kritis
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Perhatian pada Perhatian pada Manajemen InformasiManajemen Informasi
Bisnis menjadi lebih kompleks, karena:Bisnis menjadi lebih kompleks, karena:– Pengaruh Ekonomi InternasionalPengaruh Ekonomi Internasional
– Persaingan duniaPersaingan dunia
– Komleksitas Teknologi Yang MeningkatKomleksitas Teknologi Yang Meningkat
– Batas Waktu yang SingkatBatas Waktu yang Singkat
– Kendala-kendala SosialKendala-kendala Sosial Kemampuan komputer Yang MeningkatKemampuan komputer Yang Meningkat
Open versus Closed Open versus Closed SystemsSystems
Open system Open system – Connected to its environment by means of Connected to its environment by means of
resource flowsresource flows Closed systemClosed system
– Not connected to its environmentNot connected to its environment
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Systems Systems Can Be Composed of Subsystems or Elemental PartsCan Be Composed of Subsystems or Elemental Parts
Subsystem A-2
Subsystem A-3
Subsystem B-2
Subsystem B-1
System
Subsystem A Subsystem B Elemental Part C
Subsystem A-1
Elemental part B1 1-19
Physical and Conceptual Physical and Conceptual SystemsSystems
Physical system Physical system – The business firm The business firm – Composed of physical resourcesComposed of physical resources
Conceptual systemConceptual system– Represents a physical systemRepresents a physical system– Uses conceptual resourcesUses conceptual resources
» InformationInformation
» Data Data
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A Systems ViewA Systems View
Business operations are embedded within a larger environmental settingBusiness operations are embedded within a larger environmental setting– Reduces complexityReduces complexity– Requires good objectivesRequires good objectives– Emphasizes working together Emphasizes working together – Acknowledges interconnectionsAcknowledges interconnections– Values feedbackValues feedback
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Data and InformationData and Information
Information processorInformation processor– Key element in the conceptual systemKey element in the conceptual system– ComputerComputer– NoncomputerNoncomputer– CombinationCombination
Data is the raw material transformed into Data is the raw material transformed into informationinformation
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Evolution of the CBISEvolution of the CBIS Data Processing (DP) Management Information Systems (MIS) 1964
– IBM promoted the concept as a means of selling disk files and terminals
Decision Support Systems (DSS) 1971– Text book’s distinction:
» MIS: Organizational/group - general» DSS: Individual - specific
Information specialists Information specialists have have full-time responsibility for full-time responsibility for
developing and maintaining developing and maintaining computer-based systemscomputer-based systems
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Traditional Communication Traditional Communication ChainChain
DatabaseAdministrator
UserUserSystemsAnalyst
Programmer Operator ComputerComputer
NetworkSpecialist
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End-User Computing (EUC)
End-user computing End-user computing – Development of all or part of applicationsDevelopment of all or part of applications– Information specialists act as consultantsInformation specialists act as consultants
Stimulants to EUCStimulants to EUC– Increased computer literacyIncreased computer literacy– IS backlogIS backlog– Low-cost hardware (the PC)Low-cost hardware (the PC)– Prewritten software (electronic spreadsheets)Prewritten software (electronic spreadsheets)
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IS and EUCIS and EUCThe End-User Computing The End-User Computing
Communication ChainCommunication Chain
User Computer
InformationSpecialists
SupportSupport
CommunicationCommunication
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Justifying the CBISJustifying the CBIS
Justify in the same manner as any other Justify in the same manner as any other large investmentlarge investment
NoneconomicNoneconomic– Perceived valuePerceived value
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Achieving the CBISAchieving the CBIS
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Reengineering the CBISReengineering the CBIS
Business Process Reengineering (BPR)Business Process Reengineering (BPR)– Reworking systemsReworking systems– Good system features retained Good system features retained – Becoming development methodology of Becoming development methodology of
choicechoice
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Roles Played by the Roles Played by the ManagerManager
and by the Information and by the Information SpecialistSpecialist
Implementation
Phase Manager Information Specialist
Control
Control
Control
Control
Planning
Analysis
Design
Use
Define problem Support
System Study
Design system
Implement system
Make available
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SummarySummary
Information is one of five main resourcesInformation is one of five main resources Computer output used by managers and Computer output used by managers and
nonmanagersnonmanagers A system is an integration of elements A system is an integration of elements
working toward an objectiveworking toward an objective– Physical Physical – ConceptualConceptual
Data vs. InformationData vs. Information1-33
Summary [cont.]Summary [cont.]
CBIS composed of various componentsCBIS composed of various components– AISAIS– MISMIS– DSSDSS– Virtual officeVirtual office– Knowledge-based systemsKnowledge-based systems
End-user computing trendsEnd-user computing trends CBIS developmentCBIS development