References Chapter 1 1.1 J. Bardeen: Phys. Rev. 71, 715 (1947) 1.2 F. Bechstedt, R. Enderlein: Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces (Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1988) 1.3 R. Kubo, T. Nagamiya: Solid State Physics (McGraw-Hill, New York 1969) 1.4 A.U. MacRae, G.W. Gobeli: J. Appl. Phys. 35, 1629 (1964) 1.5 C.B. Duke: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 14, 870 (1977) 1.6 E.A. Wood: J. Appl. Phys. 35, 1306 (1964) 1.7 M.A. Van Hove, W.H. Weinberg, C.-M. Chan: Low-Energy Electron Diffrac- tion: Experiment, Theory and Surface Structure Determination (Springer- Verlag, Berlin 1986) 1.8 J.J. Lander, J. Morrison, F. Unterwald: J. Appl. Phys. 34, 2998 (1963) 1.9 K.C. Pandey: Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 1913 (1980) 1.10 T. Terzibaschian, R. Enderlein: phys. stat. sol. (b) 133, 443 (1986) 1.11 H. Qu, J. Kanski, P.O. Nilsson, U.O. Karlsson: Phys. Rev. B43, 9843 (1991) 1.12 J.E. Northrup, M.L. Cohen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1349 (1982) 1.13 D.J. Chadi: Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 43 (1979) 1.14 L. Miglio, P. Santini, P. Ruggerone, G. Benedek: Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 3070 (1989) 1.15 P. Drathen, W. Ranke, K. Jacobi: Surf. Sci. 77, L162 (1978) 1.16 H. L¨ uth: Solid Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films, 4th ed. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2001) Further Reading Bechstedt F., Enderlein R.: Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces (Akademie- Verlag, Berlin 1988) L¨ uth H.: Solid Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films, 4th ed. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin 2001) Wyckoff R.W.G.: Crystal Structures, 2nd ed. (Interscience, New York 1963)
26
Embed
References - Springer978-3-642-55466-7/1.pdf2.56 F. Reif: Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics (McGraw-Hill, New York 1965) 2.57 C. Kittel: Introduction to Solid State Physics
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
References
Chapter 1
1.1 J. Bardeen: Phys. Rev. 71, 715 (1947)1.2 F. Bechstedt, R. Enderlein: Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces
(Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1988)1.3 R. Kubo, T. Nagamiya: Solid State Physics (McGraw-Hill, New York 1969)1.4 A.U. MacRae, G.W. Gobeli: J. Appl. Phys. 35, 1629 (1964)1.5 C.B. Duke: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 14, 870 (1977)1.6 E.A. Wood: J. Appl. Phys. 35, 1306 (1964)1.7 M.A. Van Hove, W.H. Weinberg, C.-M. Chan: Low-Energy Electron Diffrac-
tion: Experiment, Theory and Surface Structure Determination (Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1986)
1.8 J.J. Lander, J. Morrison, F. Unterwald: J. Appl. Phys. 34, 2998 (1963)1.9 K.C. Pandey: Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 1913 (1980)
1.10 T. Terzibaschian, R. Enderlein: phys. stat. sol. (b) 133, 443 (1986)1.11 H. Qu, J. Kanski, P.O. Nilsson, U.O. Karlsson: Phys. Rev. B43, 9843 (1991)1.12 J.E. Northrup, M.L. Cohen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 1349 (1982)1.13 D.J. Chadi: Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 43 (1979)1.14 L. Miglio, P. Santini, P. Ruggerone, G. Benedek: Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 3070
(1989)1.15 P. Drathen, W. Ranke, K. Jacobi: Surf. Sci. 77, L162 (1978)1.16 H. Luth: Solid Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films, 4th ed. (Springer-Verlag,
Berlin 2001)
Further Reading
Bechstedt F., Enderlein R.: Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces (Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1988)
Wyckoff R.W.G.: Crystal Structures, 2nd ed. (Interscience, New York 1963)
318 References
Chapter 2
2.1 L. Landau, E.M. Lifshitz: Statistical Physics, Vol. 5 (Pergamon, Oxford 1959),Chapters 2 and 15
2.2 M.-C. Desjonqueres, D. Spanjaard: Concepts in Surface Physics (Springer,Berlin 1996), Chapters 2 and 6
2.3 J.W. Gibbs: The Scientific Papers, Vol. 1 (Dover, New York 1961)2.4 A. Zangwill: Physics at Surfaces (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
1988), Chapter 12.5 H. Ibach: Surf. Sci. Reports 29, 193 (1997)2.6 R. Shuttleworth: Proc. Phys. Soc. A63, 445 (1950)2.7 R.J. Needs, M.J. Godfrey, M. Mansfield: Surf. Sci. 242, 215 (1991)2.8 R.D. Meade, D. Vanderbilt: Phys. Rev. B40, 3905 (1989)2.9 R.E. Martinez, W.A. Augustyniak, J.A. Golovchenko: Phys. Rev. Lett. 64,
1035 (1990)2.10 X.-P. Li, D. Vanderbilt: Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 2543 (1992)2.11 W. Wolf: Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 627 (1993)2.12 L.G. Wang, P. Kratzer, N. Moll, M. Scheffler: Phys. Rev. B62, 1897 (2000)2.13 R.J. Needs: Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 460 (1993)2.14 M.Y. Chou, S. Wei, D. Vanderbilt: Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 461 (1993)2.15 G. Wulff: Z. Kristallogr. Mineral 34, 449 (1901)2.16 C. Herring: The Use of Classical Macroscopic Concepts in the Surface-Energy
Problem, in: Structure and Properties of Solid Interfaces, ed. R. Gomes, C.S.Smith (University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1953), p. 5
2.17 T. Bodineau, D. Ioffe, Y. Velenik: J. Mathemat. Phys. 41, 1033 (2000)2.18 L.D. Landau: Collected Papers (Pergamon Press, Oxford 1965), p. 5402.19 A.A. Baski, S.C. Erwin, L.J. Whitman: Surf. Sci. 392, 69 (1997)2.20 B.J. Eaglesham, A.E. White, L.C. Feldman, N. Moriya, D.C. Jacobson: Phys.
Rev. Lett. 70, 1643 (1993)2.21 J.M. Bermond, J.J. Metois, X. Egea, F. Floret: Surf. Sci. 330, 48 (1995)2.22 E.D. Hondros: Proc. R. Soc. A286, 479 (1965)2.23 V.K. Kumikov, K.B. Khokonov: J. Appl. Phys. 54, 1346 (1983)2.24 J.C. Biletto, D. Dew-Hughes, A.T. Pucino: J. Appl. Phys. 54, 1821 (1983)2.25 A. Stekolnikov, J. Furthmuller, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B65, 115318 (2002)2.26 J.G. Che, C.T. Chan, W.-E. Jian, T.C. Leung: Phys. Rev. B57, 1875 (1998)2.27 L. Vitos, A.V. Ruban, H.L. Skriver, J. Kollar: Surf. Sci. 411, 186 (1998)2.28 N.W. Ashcroft, N.D. Mermin: Solid State Physics (Saunders College, Philadel-
1999)2.32 T. Shitara, D.D. Vvedensky, M.R. Wilby, J. Zhang, J.H. Neave, B.A. Joyce:
Phys. Rev. B46, 6815 (1992)2.33 A. Ishii, T. Kawamura: Appl. Surf. Sci. 130-132, 403 (1998); Surf. Sci. 436,
38 (1999)2.34 P. Kratzer, E. Penev, M. Scheffler: Appl. Phys. A75, 79 (2002)2.35 F.C. Frank, J.H. Van der Merve: Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A198, 205 (1949)2.36 M. Volmer, A. Weber: Z. Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 119, 277 (1926)2.37 I.N. Stranski, L. Krastanow: Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-
2.39 J.M. Moison, F. Houzay, F. Barthe, L. Leprince, E. Andre, O. Vatel: Appl.Phys. Lett. 64, 196 (1994)
2.40 R. Heitz, T.R. Ramachandran, A. Kalburge, Q. Xie, L. Mukhametzhanov, P.Chen, A. Madhukar: Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 4071 (1997)
2.41 B. Schroter, K. Komlev, U. Kaiser, G. Hess, G. Kipshidze, W. Richter: Mate-rials Science Forum 353-356, 247 (2001)
2.42 K. Jacobi, L. Geelhaar, J.M. Marquez: Appl. Phys. A75, 113 (2002)2.43 K. Komlev: Ph.D. Thesis, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat, Jena (2002)2.44 V.A. Shchukin, D. Bimberg: Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 1125 (1999)2.45 E. Pehlke, N. Moll, A. Kley, M. Scheffler: Appl. Phys. A65, 525 (1997)2.46 N. Moll, M. Scheffler, E. Pehlke: Phys. Rev. B58, 4566 (1998)2.47 L.G. Wang, P. Kratzer, M. Scheffler, N. Moll: Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 4042 (1999)2.48 J.M. Blakely, J.C. Shelton: in Surface Physics of Materials, Vol. I, ed. J.M.
Blakely (Academic Press, New York 1975)2.49 M.J. Sparnaay: Surf. Sci. Rep. 4, 101 (1984)2.50 J.-P. Borel, A. Chatelain: Surf. Sci. 156, 572 (1985)2.51 K. Reuter, M. Scheffler: Phys. Rev. B65, 035406 (2001)2.52 A. Kley: Ph.D. Thesis, Technical University, Berlin (1997)2.53 K.-H. Hellwege (Ed.): Landolt-Bornstein (Springer, Berlin 1982), Vol.
Rev. B38, 7649 (1988)2.55 W.G. Schmidt: Appl. Phys. A75, 89 (2002)2.56 F. Reif: Fundamentals of Statistical and Thermal Physics (McGraw-Hill, New
York 1965)2.57 C. Kittel: Introduction to Solid State Physics (J. Wiley & Sons, Inc., New
York 1966)2.58 U. Grossner, J. Furthmuller, F. Bechstedt: Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 3851 (1999)2.59 B. Farid, R.J. Needs: Phys. Rev. B45, 1067 (1992)2.60 W.A. Harrison: Electronic Structure and the Properties of Solids (Dover, New
York 1989)2.61 A. Zywietz, J. Furthmuller, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B59, 15166 (1999)2.62 O. Kubaschewski, C.B. Alcock: Metallurgical Thermochemistry (Pergamon
Press, Oxford 1979)2.63 D.R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 77th ed. (CRC
Press, Boca Raton 1996)2.64 E. Kaxiras, Y. Bar-Yam, J.D. Joannopoulos, K.C. Pandey: Phys. Rev. B35,
9625 + 9633 (1987)2.65 P. Kratzer, C.G. Morgan, M. Scheffler: Phys. Rev. B59, 15246 (1999)2.66 J.A. Venables: Introduction to Surface and Thin Film Processes (Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge 2000)2.67 L. Daweritz, R. Hey: Surf. Sci. 236, 15 (1990)2.68 V.P. LaBella, Z. Ding, D.W. Bullock, C. Emery, P.M. Thibado: J. Vac. Sci.
Technol. A18, 1492 (2000)2.69 C.G. Van de Walle, D.B. Laks, G.F. Newmark, S.T. Pantelides: Phys. Rev.
B47, 9425 (1993)2.70 U. Grossner, W.G. Schmidt, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B56, 6719 (1997)
320 References
Further Reading
Desjonqueres M.-C., Spanjaard D.: Concepts in Surface Physics, 2nd ed.(Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1996)
Zangwill A.: Physics at Surfaces (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge1988)
3.2 K. Ohno, K. Esfarjani, Y. Kawazoe: Computational Materials Science(Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1999)
3.3 R. Hoffmann: J. Chem. Phys. 39, 1397 (1963)3.4 J.C. Slater, G.F. Koster: Phys. Rev. 94, 1498 (1954)3.5 P.O. Lowdin: J. Chem. Phys. 18, 365 (1950)3.6 W.A. Harrison: Electronic Structure of Solids (Dover, New York 1980)3.7 D.J. Chadi, M.L. Cohen: phys. stat. sol. (b) 68, 405 (1975)3.8 S.T. Pantelides, J. Pollmann: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, 1349 (1979)3.9 S.G. Louie: Phys. Rev. B22, 1933 (1980)
3.10 P. Vogl, H.P. Hjalmarson, J.D. Dow: J. Phys. Chem. Solids 44, 365 (1983)3.11 R.R. Sharma: Phys. Rev. B19, 2813 (1979)3.12 K. Hirabayashi: J. Phys. Soc. Japan 27, 1475 (1969)3.13 A. Scholze, W.G. Schmidt, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B53, 13725 (1996)3.14 Y. Li, P.J. Lin-Chung: Phys. Rev. B27, 3465 (1983)3.15 J.A. Appelbaum, G.A. Baraff, D.R. Hamann: Phys. Rev. B11, 3822 (1975)3.16 P. Kruger, J. Pollmann: Prog. Surf. Sci. 35, 3 (1991)3.17 M. Born, R. Oppenheimer: Ann. Phys. 84, 457 (1927)3.18 M. Born, K. Huang: Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices (Clarendon Press,
Oxford 1988)3.19 W.G. Schmidt, B. Wenzien, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B49, 4731 (1994); W.G.
Schmidt, F. Bechstedt, G.P. Srivastava: Surf. Sci. Rep. 25, 141 (1996)3.20 H. Hellmann: Einfuhrung in die Quantenchemie (Deuticke, Leipzig 1937)3.21 R.P. Feynman: Phys. Rev. 56, 340 (1939)3.22 G.R. Darling, S. Holloway: Rep. Prog. Phys. 58, 1995 (1995)3.23 S. Glasstone, K.J. Laidler, H. Eyring: The Theory of Rate Processing
(McGraw-Hill, New York 1941)3.24 C.H. Bennett: in Algorithms for Chemical Computation, ed. R.E. Christoffer-
son (American Chemical Society, Washington 1977), Chapter 43.25 G. Wahnstrom: in Rate Equations, Rate Constants and Surface Diffusion, ed.
by V. Bortolani, N.A. March, M.P. Tosi (Plenum Press, New York 1990),Chapter 16
3.26 G. Ehrlich, R. Stolt: Ann. Rev. Phys. Chem. 31, 603 (1980)3.27 E. Zeitler: in Diffusion at Surfaces: Microscopic Concepts, ed. G. Ertl
(Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1988), Chapter II3.28 A. Kley: Ph.D. Thesis, Technical University, Berlin (1997)3.29 S.-H. Lee, W. Moritz, M. Scheffler: Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3890 (2000).3.30 K. Seino, W.G. Schmidt, F. Bechstedt, J. Bernholc: Appl. Surf. Sci. 190, 264
(2002)
Chapter 3 321
3.31 C. Kumpf, L.D. Marks, D. Ellis, D. Smilgies, E. Landemark, M. Nielsen, R.Feidenhans’l, J. Zegenhagen, O. Bunk, J.H. Zeysing, Y. Su, R.L. Robinson:Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3586 (2001)
3.32 K. Seino, A. Ishii, T. Aisaka: Surf. Sci. 438, 43 (1999)3.33 K. Seino, A. Ishii, T. Kawamura: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39, 4285 (2000)3.34 P. Hohenberg, W. Kohn: Phys. Rev. 136, B864 (1964)3.35 W. Kohn, L.J. Sham: Phys. Rev. 140, A1133 (1965)3.36 W.E. Pickett: Comput. Phys. Rep. 9, 115 (1989)3.37 L. Hedin, S.J. Lundqvist: J. Physique 33, C3 (1972)3.38 D.M. Ceperley, B.J. Alder: Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 566 (1980)3.39 J.C. Slater: Phys. Rev. 81, 385 (1951)3.40 J.P. Perdew, A. Zunger: Phys. Rev. B23, 5048 (1981)3.41 U. von Barth, L. Hedin: J. Phys. C5, 1629 (1972)3.42 J.P. Perdew: Phys. Rev. B33, 8822 (1986)3.43 J.P. Perdew: in Electronic Structure of Solids ’91, ed. P. Ziesche, H. Eschrig
(Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1991), p. 113.44 A.D. Becke: Phys. Rev. A38, 3098 (1988)3.45 B. Hammer, M. Scheffler, K.W. Jacobsen, J.K. Nørskov: Phys. Rev. Lett. 73,
1400 (1994)3.46 J.E. Northrup, S. Froyen: Phys. Rev. B50, 2015 (1994)3.47 J. Ihm, A. Zunger, M.L. Cohen: J. Phys. C12, 4409 (1979)3.48 M.T. Yin, M.L. Cohen: Phys. Rev. B26, 5668 (1982)3.49 G.P. Srivastava, D. Weaire: Adv. Phys. 36, 463 (1987)3.50 W.A. Harrison: Pseudopotentials in the Theory of Metals (Benjamin, New
York 1966)3.51 J.C. Slater: J. Chem, Phys. 57, 2389 (1972)3.52 P. Ehrenfest: Z. Phys. 45, 455 (1927)3.53 A.A. Maradudin, E.W. Montroll, G.H. Weiss, I.P. Ipatova: Solid State Physics,
Supplement 3 (Academic Press, New York 1971)3.54 M. Schluter, J.R. Chelikowsky, S.G. Louie, M.L. Cohen: Phys. Rev. B12, 4200
(1975)3.55 A. Stekolnikov, J. Furthmuller, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B65, 115318 (2002)3.56 M. Bockstedte, A. Kley, J. Neugebauer, M. Scheffler: Comput. Phys. Commun.
107, 187 (1997)3.57 E. Kaxiras, Y. Bar-Yam, J.D. Joannopoulos: Phys. Rev. B35, 9625 (1987)3.58 B. Wenzien, P. Kackell, F. Bechstedt: Surf. Sci. 331-333, 1105 (1995)3.59 K. Shiraishi: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 59, 3455 (1990)3.60 N. Chetty, R.M. Martin: Phys. Rev. B44, 5568 (1991); B45, 6074 (1992)3.61 A.I. Shkrebtii, N. Esser, W. Richter, W.G. Schmidt, F. Bechstedt, B.O. Fim-
land, A. Kley, R. Del Sole: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 721 (1998)3.62 I.P. Batra, S. Ciraci: Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 170 (1976)3.63 W.A. Goddard III, T.C. McGill: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, 1308 (1979)3.64 M. Seel, P.S. Bagus: Phys. Rev. B23, 5464 (1981)3.65 J.D. Joannopoulos: Phys. Rev. B16, 2764 (1978)3.66 F. Bechstedt, R. Enderlein: Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces
(Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1988)3.67 J. Pollmann, P. Kruger: in Handbook of Surface Science, Vol. 2, ed. by K.
Horn, M. Scheffler (Elsevier, Amsterdam 2000), Chapter 23.68 F. Yndurain, L. Falicov: J. Phys. C8, 157 (1975); Solid State Commun. 17,
855 (1975)3.69 E.J. Mele, J.D. Joannopoulos: Phys. Rev. B17, 1816 (1978)3.70 G. Koster, J. Slater: Phys. Rev. 95, 1167 (1954)3.71 J. Koutecky: Adv. Chem. Phys. 9, 85 (1965)
322 References
3.72 J. Pollmann, S.T. Pantelides: Phys. Rev. B18, 5524 (1978)3.73 D.J. Chadi: Phys. Rev. B19, 2074 (1979)3.74 D. Vanderbilt, J.D. Joannopoulos: Phys. Rev. B22, 2927 (1980)3.75 F. Bechstedt, D. Reichardt, R. Enderlein: phys. stat. sol. (b) 131, 643 (1985)3.76 J.F. Janak: Phys. Rev. B18, 7165 (1978)3.77 H.A. Jahn, E. Teller: Proc. Roy. Soc. A161, 22 (1937)3.78 R. Kubo, T. Najayima: Solid State Physics (McGraw Hill, New York 1969)3.79 D. Haneman: Phys. Rev. 170, 705 (1968)
Further Reading
Harrison W.A.: Electronic Structure of Solids (Dover, New York 1980)
4.4 A.R. Sandy, S.G.J. Mochrie, D.M. Zehner, G. Grubel, K.G. Huang, D. Gibbs:Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 2192 (1992)
4.5 K.G. Huang, D. Gibbs, D.M. Zehner, S.G.J. Mochrie: Phys. Rev. Lett. 65,3313 (1990)
4.6 M.A. Van Hove, R.J. Koestner, P.C. Stair, J.P. Biberian, L.L. Kesmodel, I.Bartos, G.A. Somorjaj: Surf. Sci. 103, 189 (1981)
4.7 D. Gibbs, G. Grubel, D.M. Zehner, D.L. Abernathy, S.G.J. Mochrie: Phys.Rev. 67, 3117 (1991)
4.8 S.G.J. Mochrie, D.M. Zehner, B.M. Ocko, D. Gibbs: Phys. Rev. Lett. 64,2925 (1990)
4.9 D. Wolf: Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 627 (1993)4.10 M. Mansfield, R.J. Needs: J. Phys. Condens. Matter 2, 2361 (1990); R.J.
Needs, M.J. Godfrey, M. Mansfield: Surf. Sci. 242, 215 (1991)4.11 R.C. Cammarata: Surf. Sci. 279, 341 (1992)4.12 R.J. Needs: Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 460 (1993)4.13 M.Y. Chou, S. Wei, D. Vanderbilt: Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 461 (1993)4.14 C.B. Duke: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 14, 870 (1977)4.15 J.E. Northrup, R. DiFelice, J. Neugebauer: Phys. Rev. B55, 13878 (1997)4.16 G. Renaud: Surf. Sci. Rep. 32, 1 (1998)4.17 X.-G. Wang, A. Chaka, M. Scheffler: Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 3650 (2000)4.18 W. Weiss: Surf. Sci. 377-379, 943 (1997)4.19 X.-G. Wang, W. Weiss, S.K. Shaikhutdinov, M. Ritter, M. Petersen, F. Wag-
ner, R. Schlogl, M. Scheffler: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1038 (1998)4.20 P.R. Watson, J. Mischenko III: Phys. Rev. B42, 3415 (1990)4.21 Y. Yamamoto: Phys. Rev. B50, 8534 (1994)
Chapter 4 323
4.22 N.W. Jepps, T.F. Page: Progr. Cryst. Growth Charact. 7, 259 (1983)4.23 L. Pauling: The Nature of the Chemical Bond, 3rd ed. (Cornell University
Press, Ithaca 1960), pp. 221-2644.24 J.C. Phillips: Bands and Bonds in Semiconductors (Academic Press, New
York 1973)4.25 Sargent-Welch: Table of Periodic Properties of the Elements (Sargent-Welch,
Skokie 1980)4.26 A. Garcia, M.L. Cohen: Phys. Rev. B47, 4215 (1993)4.27 K. Karch, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B56, 7404 (1997)4.28 C.B. Duke: Chem. Rev. 96, 1237 (1996)4.29 G.P. Srivastava: Rep. Prog. Phys. 60, 561 (1997)4.30 D. Haneman: Rep. Prog. Phys. 50, 1045 (1987)4.31 W. Monch: Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, 3rd ed. (Springer-Verlag,
Berlin 2001)4.32 R.J. Phaneuf, M.B. Webb: Surf. Sci. 164, 167 (1985)4.33 R.S. Becker, J.A. Golovchenko, B.S. Swartzentruber: Phys. Rev. Lett. 54,
2678 (1985)4.34 D. Reichardt: Progr. Surf. Sci. 35, 63 (1991)4.35 M.Y. Chou, M.L. Cohen, S.G. Louie: Phys. Rev. B32, 7979 (1985)4.36 P. Kackell, J. Furthmuller, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B58, 1326 (1998)4.37 K.C. Pandey: Phys. Rev. Lett. 49, 223 (1982)4.38 R.S. Becker, B.S. Swartzentruber, J.S. Vickers, T. Klitsner: Phys. Rev. B39,
1633 (1989)4.39 N. Takeuchi, A. Selloni, E. Tosatti: Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 648 (1992)4.40 C. Kress, M. Fiedler, W.G. Schmidt, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B50, 17697
4402 (1978)4.45 S.Y. Tong, G. Xu, W.Y. Hu, M.W. Puga: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B3, 1076
(1985)4.46 R.E. Peierls: Quantum Theory of Solids (Clarendon Press, Oxford 1955)4.47 D.J. Chadi: Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 43 (1979); Phys. Rev. B19, 2074 (1979)4.48 J. Ihm, M.L. Cohen, D.J. Chadi: Phys. Rev. B21, 4592 (1980)4.49 M.T. Yin, M.L. Cohen: Phys. Rev. B24, 2303 (1981)4.50 J.A. Appelbaum, G.A. Baraff, D.R. Hamann: Phys. Rev. B14, 1623 (1976)4.51 M.D. Pashley: Phys. Rev. B40, 10481 (1989)4.52 D.J. Chadi: in The Structure of Surfaces III, ed. S.Y. Tong, M.A. Van Hove,
K. Takayanagi, X.D. Xie (Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1991), p. 5324.53 M.D. Pashley, K.W. Haberern: Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2697 (1991)4.54 H.H. Farrel, C.J. Palmstrøm: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B8, 903 (1990)4.55 W.G. Schmidt: Appl. Phys. A75, 89 (2002)4.56 K. Menda, I. Takayasu, T. Minato, M. Kawashima: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 26,
(1988)4.58 Y.S. Wu, C.R. Becker, A. Waag, M.M. Kraus, R.N. Bicknell-Tassius, G.
Landwehr: Phys. Rev. B44 8904 (1991)4.59 S. Gundel, A. Fleszar, W. Faschinger, W. Hanke: Phys. Rev. B59, 15261
(1999)4.60 C.H. Park, D.J. Chadi: Phys. Rev. B49, 16467 (1994)
324 References
4.61 U.M. Dassanayake, W. Chen, A. Kahn: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B11, 1467 (1993)4.62 A.U. MacRae, G.W. Gobeli: in Semiconductors and Semimetals, Vol. 2, ed.
R.K. Willardson, A.C. Beer (Academic Press, New York 1966), p. 1154.63 J.D. Levine, S. Freeman: Phys. Rev. B2, 325 (1970)4.64 J.E. Jaffe, R. Pandey, P. Zapol: Phys. Rev. B53, R4209 (1996)4.65 Ph. Ebert, G. Cox, U. Poppe, K. Urban: Surf. Sci. 271, 587 (1992)4.66 B. Wenzien, P. Kackell, F. Bechstedt: Surf. Sci. 307-309, 989 (1994)4.67 U. Grossner, J. Furthmuller, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B58, R1722 (1998)4.68 K. Kahn: Surf. Sci. Rep. 3, 193 (1983)4.69 W.A. Harrison: Electronic Structure and the Properties of Solids (Dover, New
York 1989)4.70 M. Sabisch, P. Kruger, J. Pollmann: Phys. Rev. B51 13367 (1995)4.71 J.C.H. Spence: Phys. Rev. B38, 12672 (1988)4.72 J.E. Northrup, M.L. Cohen: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 21, 333 (1982)4.73 K.C. Pandey: Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 1913 (1981)4.74 N. Takeuchi, A. Selloni, A.I. Shkrebtii, E. Tosatti: Phys. Rev. B44, 13611
(1991)4.75 M. Rohlfing, M. Palummo, G. Onida, R. Del Sole: Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5440
(2000)4.76 F. Bechstedt, A.A. Stekolnikov, J. Furthmuller, P. Kackell: Phys. Rev. Lett.
87, 016103 (2001)4.77 A. Scholze, W.G. Schmidt, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B53, 13725 (1996)4.78 A.A. Stekolnikov, J. Furthmuller, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B65, 115318
(2002)4.79 J.A. Stroscio, R.M. Feenstra, A.P. Fein: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A6, 499 (1987)4.80 R.M. Feenstra, G. Meyer, F. Moresco, K.H. Rieder: Phys. Rev. B64, 081306
4.101 W.G. Schmidt, S. Mirbt, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B62, 8087 (2000)4.102 W.G. Schmidt, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B54, 16742 (1996)4.103 R.E. Schlier, H.E. Farnsworth: J. Chem. Phys. 30, 917 (1959)4.104 A. Scholze: Diploma Thesis, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat, Jena (1996)4.105 V.M. Bermudez: phys. stat. sol. (b) 202, 447 (1997)4.106 P. Kackell, J. Furthmuller, F. Bechstedt: Appl. Surf. Sci. 104/105, 45 (1996);
Surf. Sci. 352-354, 55 (1996)4.107 N.N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw: Chemistry of Elements (Pergamon Press,
New York 1984), p. 6434.108 W.S. Yang, F. Jona, P.M. Marcus: Solid State Commun. 43, 847 (1982);
Phys. Rev. B28, 2049 (1983)4.109 S.J. Jenkins, G.P. Srivastava: J. Phys. Condens. Matter 8, 6641 (1996)4.110 A. Ramstad, G. Brocks, P.J. Kelly: Phys. Rev. B51, 14504 (1995)4.111 R.J. Hamers, R.M. Tromp, J.E. Demuth: Phys. Rev. B34, 5343 (1986)4.112 J. Dabrowski, M. Scheffler: Appl. Surf. Sci. 56, 15 (1992)4.113 A.I. Shkrebtii, R. DiFelice, C.M. Bertoni, R. Del Sole: Phys. Rev. B51, 11201
(1995)4.114 R.A. Wolkow: Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 2636 (1992)4.115 H. Tochikara, T. Amakusa, M. Iwatsuki: Phys. Rev. B50, 12262 (1994)4.116 T. Yokoyama, K. Takayanagi: Phys. Rev. B61, R5078 (2000)4.117 Y. Kondo, T. Amakusa, M. Iwatsuki and H. Tokumoto: Surf. Sci. 453, L318
(2000)4.118 K. Hata, Y. Sainoo, H. Shigekawa: Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3084 (2001)4.119 S.B. Healy, C. Filippi, P. Kratzer, E. Penev, M. Scheffler: Phys. Rev. Lett.
87, 016105 (2001)4.120 W.G. Schmidt, F. Bechstedt: Surf. Sci. 409, 474 (1998)4.121 W.G. Schmidt, F. Bechstedt, N. Esser, M. Pristovsek, Ch. Schultz, W.
Richter: Phys. Rev. B57, 14596 (1998)4.122 W. Barvosa-Carter, A.S. Bracker, J.C. Culbertson, B.Z. Nosho, B.V.
Shanabrook, L.J. Whitman, H. Kim, N.A. Modine, E. Kaxiras: Phys. Rev.Lett. 84, 4649 (2000)
4.123 L. Patthey, E.L. Bullock, T. Abukawa, S. Kono, L.S.O. Johansson: Phys.Rev. Lett. 75, 2538 (1995)
4.124 K. Ludge, P. Vogt, O. Pulci, N. Esser, F. Bechstedt, W. Richter: Phys. Rev.B62, 11046 (2000)
4.126 P. Kackell, J. Furthmuller, F. Bechstedt, G. Kresse, J. Hafner: Phys. Rev.B54, 10304 (1996)
4.127 J.M. Powers, A. Wander, P.J. Rous, M.A. Van Hove, G.A. Somorjai: Phys.Rev. B44, 11159 (1991)
4.128 J.P. Long, V.M. Bermudez, D.E. Ramaker: Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 991 (1996)4.129 H.W. Yeom, M. Shimomura, J. Kitamura, S. Hara, K. Tono, I. Matsuda, B.S.
Mun, W.A.R. Huff, S. Kono, T. Ohta, S. Yoshida, H. Okushi, K. Kajimura,C.S. Fadley: Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1640 (1999)
4.130 F. Bechstedt, P. Kackell, A. Zywietz, K. Karch, B. Adolph, K. Tenelsen, J.Furthmuller: phys. stat. sol. (b) 202, 35 (1997)
4.131 U. Grossner, J. Furthmuller, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B64, 165308 (2001)
326 References
4.132 J.E. Northrup, M.L. Cohen: Phys. Rev. B50, 2015 (1994)4.133 J.E. Northrup: Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 154 (1986)4.134 R.D. Meade, D. Vanderbilt: Phys. Rev. B40, 3905 (1989)4.135 F. Bechstedt, W.G. Schmidt, A. Scholze: Europhys. Lett. 35, 585 (1996)4.136 J. Furthmuller, P. Kackell, F. Bechstedt, A. Fissel, K. Pfennighaus, B.
Schroter, W. Richter: J. Electronic Materials 27, 848 (1998)4.137 J.E. Northrup, J. Neugebauer: Phys. Rev. B52, R17001 (1995)4.138 M. Sabisch, P. Kruger, J. Pollmann: Phys. Rev. B55, 10561 (1997)4.139 J. Furthmuller, F. Bechstedt, H. Husken, B. Schroter, W. Richter: Phys. Rev.
B58, 13712 (1998)4.140 L.I. Johansson, F. Owman, P. Martensson: Surf. Sci. Lett. 360, L483 (1996)4.141 J.M. Themlin, I. Forbeaux, V. Langlais, H. Belkhir, J.-M. Debever: Europhys.
Lett. 39, 61 (1997)4.142 V. Ramachandran, R.M. Feenstra: Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1000 (1999)4.143 M. Rohlfing, J. Pollmann: Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 135 (2000)4.144 K. Takayanagi, Y. Tanishiro, M. Takahashi, S. Takahashi: J. Vac. Sci. Tech-
nol. A3, 1502 (1985); Surf. Sci. 164, 367 (1985)4.145 G.-X. Qian, D.J. Chadi: Phys. Rev. B35, 1288 (1987)4.146 M. Koike, Y. Einaga, H. Hirayama, K. Takayanagi: Phys. Rev. B55, 15444
(1997)4.147 K.D. Brommer, M. Gavan, A. Dal Pino, J.D. Joannopoulos: Surf. Sci. 314,
57 (1994)4.148 S.H. Ke, T. Uda, K. Terakura: Phys. Rev. B62, 15319 (2000)4.149 R.J. Hamers, R.M. Tromp, J.E. Demuth: Surf. Sci. 181, 346 (1987)4.150 G. Chiarotti (Ed.): in Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Sci-
ence and Technology, Landolt-Bornstein, New Series Group III, Vol. 246(Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1994), p. 379
4.151 T. Stimpel, J. Schulze, H.E. Hoster, I. Eisele, H. Baumgartner: Appl. Surf.Sci. 162-163, 384 (2000)
4.152 J. Ortega, F. Flores, A.L. Yeyati: Phys. Rev. B58, 4584 (1998)4.153 D. Vanderbilt: Phys. Rev. B36, 6209 (1987)4.154 C. Raffy, J. Furthmuller, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B66, 075201 (2002)4.155 N. Takeuchi: Phys. Rev. B57, 6255 (1998)4.156 H.J. Gossmann, J.C. Bean, L.C. Feldman, E.G. McRae, I.K. Robinson: Phys.
Rev. Lett. 55, 1106 (1985)4.157 F. Bechstedt, R. Enderlein: Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces
(Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1988)4.158 L.C. Snyder: Surf. Sci. 140, 101 (1984)4.159 M. Aono, R. Souda, C. Oshima, Y. Ishizawa: Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 801 (1983)4.160 F.J. Himpsel: Phys. Rev. B27, 120 (1983); F.J. Himpsel, I.P. Batra: J. Vac.
B51, 14459 (1995)4.165 T. Nakada, T. Osaka: Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2834 (1991)4.166 E. Kaxisas, Y. Bar-Yam, J.D. Joannopolous, K. Pandey: Phys. Rev. B35,
9625 + 9636 (1987)4.167 U. Starke, J. Schardt, J. Bernhardt, M. Franke, K. Reuter, H. Wedler, K.
Heinz, J. Furthmuller, P. Kackell, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 758(1998)
Chapter 5 327
4.168 T. An, M. Yoshimura, I. Ono, K. Ueda: Phys. Rev. B61, 3006 (2000)4.169 W. Ranke: Phys. Rev. B41, 5243 (1990)4.170 J. Dabrowski, H.-J. Mussig, G. Wolff: Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1660 (1994)4.171 W.E. Packard, J.E. Dow: Phys. Rev. B55, 15643 (1997)4.172 M.A. Kulakov, G. Henn, B. Bullemer: Surf. Sci. 346, 49 (1996)
Further Reading
Bechstedt F., Enderlein R.: Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces (Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1988)
Monch W.: Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, 3rd ed. (Springer-Verlag,Berlin 2001)
Chapter 5
5.1 G. Binnig, H. Rohrer: Helv. Phys. Acta 55, 726 (1982)5.2 J. Bardeen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 6, 57 (1961)5.3 P.K. Hansma, J. Tersoff: J. Appl. Phys. 61, R1 (1987)5.4 N.D. Lang: Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 230 (1985); 56, 1164 (1986)5.5 J. Cerda, M.A. Van Hove, P. Sautet, M. Salmeron: Phys. Rev. B56, 15885
(1997)5.6 J. Tersoff, D. R. Hamann: Phys. Rev. B31, 805 (1985)5.7 L. Hedin, S. Lundqvist: Solid State Phys. 23, 1 (1969)5.8 K. Ludge, P. Vogt, O. Pulci, N. Esser, F. Bechstedt, W. Richter: Phys. Rev.
I, II, III, Springer Ser. Surf. Sci., Vols. 20, 28, 29 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin1994, 1995, 1996)
5.10 J.A. Stroscio, R.M. Feenstra, A.P. Fein: Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 2579 (1986)5.11 S. Hufner: Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences,
Vol. 82 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1995)5.12 F.J. Himpsel: Surf. Sci. Rep. 12, 1 (1990)5.13 J.B. Pendry: J. Phys. C14, 1381 (1981)5.14 J.F. L. Hopkinson, J.B. Pendry, D.J. Titteringen: Comput. Phys. Commun.
19, 69 (1980)5.15 C. Solterbeck, W. Schattke, J.-W. Zahlmann-Nowitzki, K.-U. Gawlik, L.
Kipp, M. Skibowski, C.S. Fadley, M.A. Van Hove: Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4681(1997)
5.16 C.N. Berglund, W.E. Spicer: Phys. Rev. 136, A1030 (1964)5.17 A. Einstein: Ann. Phys. 17, 132 (1905)5.18 D.C. Langreth: Phys. Rev. B1, 471 (1970); Phys. Rev. Lett. 26, 1229 (1971)5.19 L.I. Johansson, I. Lindau: Solid State Commun. 29, 379 (1979)5.20 D. Chastenet, P. Longe: Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 91 + 903 (1980)5.21 L. Hedin, J. Michiels, J. Inglesfield: Phys. Rev. B58, 15565 (1998)5.22 R. Graupner, M. Hollering, A. Ziegler, J. Ristein, L. Ley, A. Stampfl: Phys.
Rev. B55, 10841 (1997)5.23 H. Carstensen, R. Claessen, R. Manzke, M. Skibowski: Phys. Rev. B41, 9880
(1990)
328 References
5.24 U. Hofer: Ph.D. Thesis, Technical University, Munchen (1989)5.25 P. Steiner, H. Hochst, S. Hufner: Z. Physik B30, 129 (1978)5.26 F. Bechstedt, K. Tenelsen, B. Adolph, R. Del Sole: Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1528
(1997)5.27 P. Minnhagen: Phys. Lett. 56A, 327 (1976)5.28 F. Bechstedt, M. Fiedler, C. Kress, R. Del Sole: Phys. Rev. B49, 7357 (1994)5.29 A. Fleszar, W. Hanke: Phys. Rev. B56, 10228 (1997)5.30 W.-D. Schone, A.G. Eguiluz: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1662 (1998)5.31 L. Hedin: Phys. Rev. 139, A796 (1965)5.32 G. Strinati: La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento 11, 1 (1988)5.33 F. Aryasatiawan, O. Gunnarsson: Rep. Prog. Phys. 61, 237 (1998)5.34 M.S. Hybertsen, S.G. Louie: Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 1418 (1985); Phys. Rev.
B34, 5390 (1986)5.35 O. Pulci, F. Bechstedt, G. Onida, R. Del Sole, L. Reining: Phys. Rev. B60,
16758 (1999)5.36 C. Blomberg, B. Bergersen: Can. J. Phys. 50, 2286 (1972)5.37 B. Bergersen, F.W. Kus, C. Blomberg: Can. J. Phys. 51, 102 (1973)5.38 F. Bechstedt: Adv. Solid State Phys. 32, 161 (1992)5.39 W.G. Aulbur, L. Jonsson, J.W. Wilkins: Solid State Phys. 54, 1 (2000)5.40 N.D. Lang, W. Kohn: Phys. Rev. B7, 3541 (1973)5.41 D.M. Newns: Phys. Rev. B1, 3304 (1970)5.42 F. Bechstedt, R. Enderlein, D. Reichardt: phys. stat. sol. (b) 117, 261 (1983)5.43 L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifshitz: Electrodynamics of Coutinua, Vol. 8 (Pergamon,
Oxford 1959)5.44 T. Ando, A.B. Fowler, F. Stern: Rev. Mod. Phys. 54, 437 (1982)5.45 F. Bechstedt, R. Enderlein, D. Reichardt: phys. stat. sol. (b) 118, 327 (1983)5.46 A.G. Eguiluz, M. Heinrichsmeier, A. Fleszar, W. Hanke: Phys. Rev. Lett.
Philadelphia 1976)5.49 F. Bechstedt, M. Scheffler: Surf. Sci. Rep. 18, 145 (1993)5.50 U. Grossner, J. Furthmuller, F. Bechstedt: phys. stat. sol. (b) 216, 675 (1999)5.51 U. Grossner, J. Furthmuller, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B64, 165308 (2001)5.52 A. Scholze: Diploma Thesis, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat, Jena (1995)5.53 C.-O. Almbladh, U. von Barth: Phys. Rev. B31, 3231 (1985)5.54 M. Rohlfing: Ph.D. Thesis, Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat, Munster
(1996)5.55 F. Bechstedt, R. Del Sole: Solid State Commun. 74, 41 (1990)5.56 W. Monch, Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, 3rd ed. (Springer-Verlag,
Berlin 2001)5.57 U. Grossner, J. Furthmuller, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B58, R1722 (1998)5.58 F. Bechstedt, R. Del Sole: Phys. Rev. B38, 7710 (1988)5.59 I. Vurgaftman, J.R. Meyer, L.R. Ram-Mohan: J. Appl. Phys. 89, 5815 (2001)5.60 A.W. Maue: Z. Physik 94, 717 (1935)5.61 E.T. Goodwin: Proc. Cambr. Phil. Soc. 35, 205 (1939)5.62 S.G. Davison, M. Steslicka: Basic Theory of Surface States (Clarendon Press,
Oxford 1992)5.63 V. Heine: Surf. Sci. 2, 1 (1964)5.64 V. Heine: Phys. Rev. 138, A1689 (1965)5.65 F. Bechstedt, R. Enderlein: Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces
(Akademie-Verlag, Berlin 1988)5.66 M.S. Hybertsen, S.G. Louie: Phys. Rev. B38, 4033 (1988)
5.68 J.E. Northrup, M.S. Hybertsen, S.G. Louie: Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 500 (1991)5.69 J.E. Northrup: Phys. Rev. B47, 10032 (1993)5.70 C. Kress, M. Fiedler, F. Bechstedt: in Proceedings of the Fourth International
Conference on the Formation of Semiconductor Interfaces, ed. B. Lengeler,H. Luth, W. Monch, J. Pollmann (World Scientific, Singapore 1994), p. 19
5.71 C. Kress, M. Fiedler, F. Bechstedt: Europhys. Lett. 28, 433 (1994)5.72 C. Kress, M. Fiedler, W.G. Schmidt, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B50, 17697
(1994); Surf. Sci. 331-333, 1152 (1995)5.73 M. Rohlfing, P. Kruger, J. Pollmann: Phys. Rev. B52, 1905 (1995)5.74 M. Rohlfing, P. Kruger, J. Pollmann: Phys. Rev. B54, 13759 (1996)5.75 O. Pulci, G. Onida, R. Del Sole, L. Reining: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 5374 (1998);
private communication5.76 M. Rohlfing, S.G. Louie: Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 856 (1999)5.77 M. Rohlfing, M. Palummo, G. Onida, R. Del Sole: Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 9440
Lett. 48, 1032 (1982)5.79 P. Perfetti, J.M. Nicholls, B. Reihl: Phys. Rev. B36, 6160 (1987)5.80 J. Wu, R. Cao, X. Yang, P. Pianetta, I. Lindau: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A11,
1048 (1993)5.81 G. Francz, P. Kania, G. Ganther, H. Stupp, P. Oelhafen: phys. stat. sol. (b)
154, 91 (1996)5.82 F. Bechstedt, R. Del Sole, F. Manghi: J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 1, 75 (1989)5.83 O. Pulci, M. Palummo, R. Del Sole: in preparation5.84 L. Sorba, V. Hinkel, U.U. Middelmann, K. Horn: Phys. Rev. B32, 8075 (1987)5.85 J.M. Nicholls, K.O. Magnusson, B. Reihl: Surf. Sci. Lett. 243, L31 (1991)5.86 W. Drube, D. Straub, F.J. Himpsel: Phys. Rev. B35, 5563 (1987)5.87 A. Cricenti, S. Selci, K.O. Magnusson, B. Reihl: Phys. Rev. B41, 12908
5.89 S. Solal, G. Jezequel, A. Barski, P. Steiner, P. Pinchaux, Y. Petrof: Phys.Rev. Lett. 52, 360 (1984)
5.90 J.M. Nicholls, B. Reihl: Surf. Sci. 218, 237 (1989)5.91 R.M. Feenstra, G. Meyer, F. Moresco, K.H. Rieder: Phys. Rev. B64, 081306
(2001)5.92 R.J. Hamers, U.K. Kohler: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A7, 2854 (1989)5.93 M. Skibowski, L. Kipp: J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 68, 5576
(1994)5.94 L. Kipp, R. Manzke, M. Skibowski: Solid State Commun. 93, 603 (1995)5.95 J.A. Kubby, J.E. Griffith, R.S. Becker, J.S. Vickers: Phys. Rev. B36, 6079
(1987)5.96 P.M. Echenique, R.M. Pendry: J. Phys. C11, 2065 (1978)5.97 P.J. Jennings, R.O. Jones: Phys. Rev. B34, 6695 (1986)5.98 G. Binnig, N. Garcia, H. Rohrer, J.M. Soler, F. Flores: Phys. Rev. B30, 4816
(1984)5.99 G. Binnig, K.H. Frank, H. Fuchs, N. Garcia, B. Reihe, H. Rohrer, F. Salvan,
A.R. Williams: Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 991 (1985)5.100 U. Hofer, I.L. Shumay, C. Reuß, U. Thomann, W. Wallauer, T. Fauster:
Science 277, 1480 (1997)
330 References
5.101 F. Passek, M. Donath: Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1101 (1992)5.102 M.V. Cole, M.H. Cohen: Phys. Rev. Lett. 23, 1238 (1969)5.103 R. Enderlein, N.J.M. Horing: Fundamentals of Semiconductor Physics and
Oxford 1958)5.105 D. Straub, F.J. Himpsel: Phys. Rev. B33, 2256 (1986)5.106 P.M. Echenique, J.B. Pendry: Prog. Surf. Sci. 32, 111 (1990)5.107 R.O. Jones, P.J. Jennings, O. Jepsen: Phys. Rev. B29, 6474 (1984)5.108 P.J. Jennings, R.O. Jones, M. Weinert: Phys. Rev. B37, 6113 (1988)5.109 T. Fauster, W. Steinmann: in Photonic Probes of Surfaces, ed. P. Halevi
(Elsevier Science, Amsterdam 1995), Chapter 85.110 A. Goldmann, V. Dose, G. Borstel: Phys. Rev. B32, 1971 (1985)5.111 J.E. Northrup, J. Neugebauer: Phys. Rev. B57, R4230 (1998)5.112 J. Furthmuller, F. Bechstedt, H. Husken, B. Schroter, W. Richter: Phys. Rev.
B58, 13712 (1998)5.113 M. Rohlfing, J. Pollmann: Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 135 (2000)5.114 L.I. Johansson, F. Owman, P. Martensson: Surf. Sci. 360, L478 (1996)5.115 L.S.O. Johansson, L. Duda, M. Laurenzis, M. Krieftewirth, B. Reihl: Surf.
Sci. 445, 109 (2000)5.116 J.-M. Themlin, I. Forbeaux, V. Langlais, H. Belkhir, J.-M. Debever: Euro-
phys. Lett. 39, 61 (1997)5.117 C. Benesch: Ph.D. Thesis, Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat, Munster
(1998)5.118 V. Ramachandran, R.M. Feenstra: Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1000 (1999)5.119 V.A. Gasparov, M. Riehl-Chudoba, B. Schroter, W. Richter: Europhys. Lett.
51, 527 (2000)5.120 N. Sieber, T. Seyller, L. Ley, M. Polcik, D. James, J.D. Ridley, R.C.G. Leckey:
Materials Science Forum 389-393, 713 (2002)5.121 J. Hubbard: Proc. R. Soc. London A276, 238 (1963); 281, 401 (1964)5.122 W. Jones, N.H. March: Theoretical Solid State Physics (Dover, New York
1999)5.125 N.F. Mott: Proc. R. Soc. London A62, 416 (1949)5.126 R. Schiller, W. Nolting: Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 3847 (2001)5.127 R.I.G. Uhrberg, T. Kaurila, Y.-C. Chao: Phys. Rev. B58, R1730 (1998)5.128 R.I.G. Uhrberg: private communication5.129 F. Bechstedt, A.A. Stekolnikov, J. Furthmuller, P. Kackell: Phys. Rev. Lett.
87, 016103 (2001)5.130 F. Flores, J. Ortega, R. Perez: Surf. Rev. Lett. 6, 411 (1999)
Chapter 6
6.1 W. Richter: Philos. T. Roy. Soc. A344, 453 (1993)6.2 D.E. Aspnes: Surf. Sci. 309, 1017 (1994)6.3 J.F. McGilp, D. Weaire, C.H. Patterson (Eds.): Epioptics. Linear and Nonlin-
ear Optical Spectroscopy of Surfaces and Interfaces (Springer-Verlag, Berlin1995)
6.5 D.E. Aspnes: Solid State Commun. 101, 85 (1997)6.6 R. Del Sole: in Photonic Probes of Surfaces, ed. P. Halevi (Elsevier Science,
Amsterdam 1995), Chapter 46.7 P. Chiaradia, R. Del Sole: Surf. Rev. Lett. 6, 517 (1999)6.8 P.V. Santos, N. Esser, J. Groenen, M. Cardona, W.G. Schmidt, F. Bechstedt:
Phys. Rev. B52, 17379 (1995)6.9 P. Chiradia, A. Cricenti, S. Selci, G. Chiarotti: Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1145
(1984)6.10 J.D.E. McIntyre, D.E. Aspnes: Surf. Sci. 24, 417 (1971)6.11 K. Hingerl, D.E. Aspnes, I. Kamiya, L.T. Flores: Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 885
(1993)6.12 D. Pahlke, M. Arens, N. Esser, W. Richter: Surf. Sci. 352, 66 (1996); N.
Esser: private communication6.13 H. Ehrenreich: Electromagnetic Transport in Solids: Optical Properties and
Plasma Effects, in The Optical Properties of Solids, Proc. Internat. School ofPhysics ‘E. Fermi’, ed. J. Tauc (Academic Press, New York 1966)
6.14 S. Adler: Phys. Rev. 126, 413 (1962)6.15 N. Wiser: Phys. Rev. 129, 62 (1963)6.16 V.I. Gavrilenko, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B55, 4343 (1997)6.17 L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifschitz: Electrodynamics of Continua (Pergamon Press,
Oxford 1959)6.18 A. Bagchi, R.G. Barrera, A.K. Rajagopal: Phys. Rev. B20, 4824 (1979)6.19 R. Del Sole: Solid State Commun. 37, 537 (1981)6.20 R. Del Sole, E. Fiorino: Phys. Rev. B29, 4631 (1984)6.21 F. Manghi, R. Del Sole, A. Selloni, E. Molinari: Phys. Rev. B41, 9935 (1990)6.22 H. Stolz: Einfuhrung in die Vielelektronentheorie der Kristalle (Akademie-
Verlag, Berlin 1974)6.23 H. Ibach, D.L. Mills: Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy and Surface Vibra-
tions (Academic Press, New York 1982)6.24 B.N.J. Persson: Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 1089 (1983)6.25 H. Luth: Solid Surfaces, Interfaces and Thin Films (Springer-Verlag, Berlin
2001)6.26 A. Selloni, R. Del Sole: Surf. Sci. 168, 35 (1986)6.27 U. del Pennino, M.G. Betti, C. Mariani, C.M. Bertoni, S. Nannarone, I.
Abbati, L. Braicovich, A. Rizzi: Solid State Commun. 60, 337 (1986)6.28 A. Balzarotti, M. Fanfoni, F. Patella, F. Arciprete, E. Placidi, G. Onida, R.
Del Sole: Surf. Sci. Lett. 524, L71 (2003)6.29 F. Arciprete, F. Patella, A. Balzarotti, M. Fanfoni, N. Motta, A. Sgarlata,
A. Boselli, G. Onida, A.I. Shkrebtii, R. Del Sole: Phys. Rev. B58, R10139(1998)
6.30 N. Esser, J. Geurts: Raman Spectroscopy, in Optical Characterization ofEpitaxial Semiconductor Layers, ed. G. Bauer, W. Richter (Springer-Verlag,Berlin 1996)
6.31 R. Loudon: Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A275, 218 (1963)6.32 P.Y. Yu, M. Cardona: Fundamentals of Semiconductors (Springer-Verlag,
Berlin 1996)6.33 R. Loudon: Adv. Phys. 13, 423 (1964); erratum ibid. 14, 621 (1965)6.34 K. Hinrichs, A. Schierhorn, P. Haier, N. Esser, W. Richter, J. Sahm: Phys.
Rev. Lett. 79, 1094 (1997)6.35 W.G. Schmidt, F. Bechstedt, G.P. Srivastava: Phys. Rev. B52, 2001 (1995)6.36 J. Fritsch, P. Pavone, U. Schroder: Phys. Rev. B52, 11326 (1995)6.37 H.M. Tutuncu, G.P. Srivastava: Phys. Rev. B53, 15675 (1996)6.38 G. Onida, L. Reining, A. Rubio: Rev. Mod. Phys. 74, 601 (2002)
332 References
6.39 L. Hedin, S. Lundqvist: Solid State Phys. 23, 1 (1969)6.40 G. Strinati: La Rivista del Nuovo Cimento 11, 1 (1988)6.41 B. Adolph, V.I. Gavrilenko, K. Tenelsen, F. Bechstedt, R. Del Sole: Phys.
Rev. B53, 9797 (1996)6.42 L.J. Sham, T.M. Rice: Phys. Rev. 144, 708 (1966)6.43 M. Rohlfing, S.G. Louie: Phys. Rev. B62, 4927 (2000)6.44 R. Del Sole, E. Fiorino: Phys. Rev. B29, 4631 (1984)6.45 P. Hahn: Diploma Thesis, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat, Jena (2001)6.46 W. Hanke, L.J. Sham: Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 387 (1979); Phys. Rev. B21, 4656
(1980)6.47 F. Bechstedt, K. Tenelsen, B. Adolph, R. Del Sole: Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1528
(1997)6.48 S. Albrecht: Ph.D. Thesis, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris (1999)6.49 F. Bechstedt, W.G. Schmidt, P. Hahn: phys. stat. sol. (a) 188, 1383 (2001)6.50 V. Olevano, L. Reining: Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5962 (2001)6.51 F. Bassani, G. Pastori Parravicini: Electronic States and Optical Transitions
in Solids, ed. R.A. Ballinger (Pergamon Press, Oxford 1975)6.52 B. Adolph, V. Gavrilenko, K. Tenelsen, F. Bechstedt, R. Del Sole: Phys. Rev.
B53, 9797 (1996)6.53 W.G. Schmidt, P. Hahn, F. Bechstedt: Excitonic and Local-Field Effects in
Optical Spectra from Real-Space Time-Domain Calculations, in High Perfor-mance Computing in Science and Engineering 2002 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin,2003); W.G. Schmidt, S. Glutsch, P. Hahn, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B67,085307 (2003)
6.54 D.E. Aspnes, A.A. Studna: Phys. Rev. B27, 985 (1983)6.55 S. Albrecht, L. Reining, R. Del Sole, G. Onida: Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4510
(1998)6.56 L.X. Benedict, E.L. Shirley, R.B. Bohn: Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4514 (1998)6.57 M. Rohlfing, S.G. Louie: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 2312 (1998)6.58 R. Enderlein, N.J.M. Horing: Fundamentals of Semiconductor Physics and
Devices (World Scientific, Singapore 1997)6.59 G.H. Wannier: Phys. Rev. 52, 191 (1937)6.60 N.F. Mott: Trans. Faraday Soc. 34, 500 (1938)6.61 R.S. Knox: Theory of Excitons, Solid State Physics, Supplement 5, ed. F.
Seitz, D. Turnbull (Academic Press, New York 1963)6.62 D.L. Dexter, R.S. Knox: Excitons (Wiley, New York 1965)6.63 R.J. Elliot: Phys. Rev. 108, 1384 (1957)6.64 M. Shinada, S. Sugano: J. Phys. Soc. Japan 21, 1936 (1966)6.65 S. Flugge, H. Marschall: Rechenmethoden der Quantentheorie (Springer-
Verlag, Berlin 1952), Problem 246.66 C. Goletti, G. Bussetti, F. Arciprete, P. Chiaradia, G. Chiarotti: Phys. Rev.
B66, 153307 (2002)6.67 M.A. Olmstead, N.M. Amer: Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1148 (1984)6.68 M. Rohlfing, S.G. Louie: Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 856 (1999)6.69 M. Rohlfing, M. Palummo, G. Onida, R. Del Sole: Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 5440
(2000)6.70 S. Glutsch, D.S. Chemla, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B54, 11592 (1996)6.71 T. Yasuda, D.E. Aspnes, D.R. Lee, C.H. Bjorkman, G. Lucovsky: J. Vac. Sci.
Technol. A12, 1192 (1994)6.72 P.H. Hahn, W.G. Schmidt, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 016402 (2002)6.73 M. Marini, G. Onida, R. Del Sole: Phys. Rev. B64, 195125 (2001)6.74 J. Lindhard: Kgl. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Mat.-fys. Medd. 28, 8 (1954)6.75 W.A. Harrison: Solid State Theory (Dover, New York 1980)
(1989)6.80 A. Liebsch: Physica Scripta 35, 354 (1987)6.81 H. Luth: Surf. Sci. 126, 126 (1983)6.82 A. Ritz, H. Luth: Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 1242 (1984)6.83 W. Kress, F.W. deWette (Eds.): Surface Phonons (Springer-Verlag, Berlin
Physics, Supplement 3 (Academic Press, New York 1971)6.85 K. Kunc, R.M. Martin: Phys. Rev. B24, 2311 (1981)6.86 M.T. Yin, M.L. Cohen: Phys. Rev. B26, 3259 (1982)6.87 K. Kunc, R.M. Martin: J. Phys. (Paris) 42, C6-649 (1981); Phys. Rev. Lett.
48, 406 (1982)6.88 P. Giannozzi, S. de Gironcoli, P. Pavone, S. Baroni: Phys. Rev. B43, 7231
(1991)6.89 S. Baroni, S. de Gironcoli, A. Dal Corso, P. Giannozzi: Rev. Mod. Phys. 73,
515 (2001)6.90 M. Born, K. Huang: Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices (Oxford University
Press, Oxford 1954)6.91 G. Kern, G. Kresse, J. Hafner: Phys. Rev. B59, 8551 (1999)6.92 F. Bechstedt, U. Grossner, J. Furthmuller: Phys. Rev. B62, 8003 (2000)6.93 C. Kittel: Introduction to Solid State Physics (John Wiley, New York 1966)6.94 L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifshitz: Theory of Elasticity, Vol. 7 (Pergamon Press,
London 1959)6.95 Lord Rayleigh: Proc. London Math. Soc. 17, 4 (1887)6.96 E.A. Ash, E.G.S. Paige (Eds.): Rayleigh-Wave Theory and Application,
Springer Ser. Wave Phenom., Vol. 2 (Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1985)6.97 M.G. Cottam, D.R. Tilley: Introduction to Surface and Superlattice Excita-
tions (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1989), Sect. 7.46.98 S. Lehwald, J.M. Szeftel, H. Ibach, T.S. Rahman, D.L. Mills: Phys. Rev.
Lett. 50, 518 (1983)6.99 E. Hulpke, J. Ludecke: Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 2846 (1992)
6.100 R.H. Lyddane, R.G. Sachs, E. Teller: Phys. Rev. 59, 673 (1941)6.101 R. Fuchs, K.L. Kliewer: Phys. Rev. 140, A2076 (1965)6.102 W. Monch: Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces (Springer-Verlag, Berlin
2001)6.103 H. Ibach: Phys. Rev. Lett. 24, 1416 (1970)6.104 H. Nienhaus, W. Monch: Phys. Rev. B50, 11750 (1994)6.105 H. Nienhaus, W. Monch: Surf. Sci. Lett. 328, L561 (1995)6.106 H.M. Tutuncu, G.P. Srivastava: J. Phys. Chem. Solids 58, 685 (1997)6.107 H.M. Tutuncu, R. Miotto, G.P. Srivastava, J.S. Tse: Phys. Rev. B66, 115304
(2002); G.P. Srivastava: private communication6.108 H.M. Tutuncu, G.P. Srivastava: Phys. Rev. B59, 4925 (1999)6.109 M. Zitzlsperger, R. Honke, P. Pavone, U. Schroder: Surf. Sci. 377, 108 (1997)6.110 U. Harten, J.P. Toennies, Ch. Woll: Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 2947 (1986)6.111 L. Miglio, P. Santini, G. Benedek: Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 3070 (1989)6.112 F. Ancilotto, W. Andreani, A. Selloni, R. Car, M. Parrinello: Phys. Rev.
Lett. 65, 3148 (1990)6.113 H. Ibach: Phys. Rev. Lett. 27, 253 (1971)
6.115 H.L. Stormer: Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 875 (1998)6.116 R.B. Laughlin: Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 863 (1998)6.117 G. Gruner: Density Waves in Solids (Addison-Wesley, Reading (MA) 1994)6.118 R.E. Peierls: Quantum Theory of Solids (Clarendon Press, Oxford 1964)6.119 J.M. Luttinger: J. Math. Phys. (N.Y.) 4, 1154 (1963)6.120 J. Voit: Rep. Prog. Phys. 18, 997 (1995)6.121 M.G. Zacher, E. Avrigoni, W. Hanke, J.R. Schrieffer: Phys. Rev. B57, 6370
(1998)6.122 O. Bunk, G. Falkenberg, J.H. Zeysing, L. Lottermoser, R.L. Johnson, M.
Nielsen, F. Berg-Rasmussen, J. Baker, R. Feidenhans’l: Phys. Rev. B59,12228 (1999)
6.123 C. Kumpf, O. Bunk, J.H. Zeysing, Y. Su, M. Nielsen, R.L. Johnson, R.Feidenhans’l, K. Bechgaard: Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 4916 (2000)
6.124 R. Losio, K.N. Altmann, F.J. Himpsel: Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 808 (2000)6.125 R. Losio, K.N. Altmann, A. Kirakosian, J.-L. Lin, B.Y. Petrovykh, F.J.
Himpsel: Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4632 (2001)6.126 I.K. Robinson, P.A. Bennett, F.J. Himpsel: Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 096104
(2002)6.127 F. Flores, J. Ortega, R. Perez: Surf. Rev. Lett. 6, 411 (1999)6.128 H.H. Weitering, X. Shi, P.D. Johnson, J. Chen, N.J. DiNardo, K. Kempa:
Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 1331 (1997)6.129 V.Ramachandran, R.M. Feenstra: Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1000 (1999)6.130 J.M. Carpinelli, H.H. Weitering, E.W. Plummer, R. Stumpf: Nature (Lon-
don) 381, 398 (1996)6.131 H.W. Yeom, S. Takeda, E. Rotenberg, I. Matsuda, K. Horikoshi, J. Schaefer,
C.M. Lee, S.D. Kevan, T. Ohta, T.Nagao, S. Hasegawa: Phys. Rev. Lett. 82,4898 (1999)
6.132 A. Mascaraque, J. Avila, J. Alvanez, M.C. Asensio, S. Ferrer, E.G. Michel:Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2524 (1999)
6.133 S.C. Erwin, H.H. Weitering: Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 2296 (1998)6.134 I.G. Hill, A.B. McLean: Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 2155 (1999)6.135 P. Segovia, D. Purdie, M. Hengsberger, Y. Baer: Nature (London) 402, 504
(1999)6.136 F.J. Himpsel, K.N. Altmann, R. Bennewitz, J.N. Chrain, A. Kirakosian, J.-L.
Lin, J.L. McChesney: J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 13, 11097 (2001)6.137 J.-H. Cho, D.-H. Oh, K.S. Kim, L. Kleinman: Phys. Rev. B64, 235302 (2001)
Chapter 7
7.1 C. Kittel: Introduction to Solid State Physics (John Wiley, New York 1966)7.2 G. Lengel, R. Wilkins, G. Brown, M. Weimer, J. Gryko, R.E. Allen: Phys.
Rev. Lett. 72, 836 (1994)7.3 Ph. Ebert, M. Heinrich, M. Simon, C. Domke, K. Urban, C.K. Shih, M.B.
Webb, M.G. Lagally: Phys. Rev. B53, 4580 (1996)7.4 Ph. Ebert, K. Urban, M.G. Lagally: Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 840 (1994)7.5 Ph. Ebert, K. Urban, L. Aballe, C.H. Chen, K. Horn, G. Schwarz, J. Neuge-
bauer, M. Scheffler: Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5816 (2000)7.6 S.B. Zhang, J.E. Northrup: Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2339 (1994)7.7 A. Zywietz, J. Furthmuller, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B59, 15166 (1999)
Chapter 7 335
7.8 S.B. Zhang, A. Zunger: Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 119 (1996)7.9 H. Kim, J.R. Chelikowsky: Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 1063 (1996)
7.10 H. Kim, J.R. Chelikowsky: Surf. Sci. 409, 435 (1998)7.11 G. Schwarz: Ph.D. Thesis, Technische Universitat, Berlin (2002)7.12 Ph. Ebert: Appl. Phys. A75, 101 (2002)7.13 S. Aloni, I. Nevo, G. Haase: J. Chem. Phys. 115, 1875 (2001)7.14 F. Ancilotto, A. Selloni, E. Tosatti: Phys. Rev. B43, 5180 (1991)7.15 R.J. Hamers, U.K. Kohler: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A7, 2854 (1989)7.16 H. Tochihara, T. Amakusa, M. Iwatsuki: Phys. Rev. B50, 12262 (1994)7.17 T. Uda, K. Terakura: Phys. Rev. B53, 6999 (1996)7.18 K.C. Pandey: Proc. 17th Int. Conf. on the Physics of Semiconductors, ed. D.J.
Chadi, W.A. Harrison (Springer-Verlag, New York 1985), p. 557.19 J. Wang, T.A. Arias, J.D. Joannopoulous: Phys. Rev. B47, 10497 (1993)7.20 Ph. Ebert, T. Zhang, F. Kluge, M. Simon, Z. Zhang, K. Urban: Phys. Rev.
Lett. 83, 757 (1999)7.21 C. Domke, Ph. Ebert, M. Heinrich, K. Urban: Phys. Rev. B54, 10288 (1996)7.22 O. Madelung, M. Schulz, H. Weiss (Eds.): Landolt-Bornstein. Numerical Data
and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology, New Series, Vol. 17,Semiconductors (Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1982)
7.23 K. Sauthoff, M. Wenderoth, J.K. Garleff, T.C.G. Reusch, R.G. Ulbricht: Proc.26th Int. Conf. on the Physics of Semiconductors, Edinburgh 2002
S.E. Ralph: Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1439 (1999)7.28 Ph. Ebert, P. Quadbeck, K. Urban, B. Henninger, K. Horn, G. Schwarz, J.
Neugebauer, M. Scheffler: Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2877 (2001)7.29 B. Lang, R.W. Joyner, G.A. Somorjai: Surf. Sci. 30, 440 (1972)7.30 M.-C. Desjonqueres, D. Spanjaard: Concepts in Surface Physics (Springer-
Verlag, Berlin 1998)7.31 J. Dabrowski, H.-J. Mussig, G. Wolff: Phys. Rev. Lett. 73, 1660 (1994)7.32 K. Jacobi, L. Geelhaar, J.M. Marquez: Appl. Phys. A75, 113 (2002)7.33 D.J. Chadi: Phys. Rev. B29, 785 (1984)7.34 W.G. Schmidt, J. Bernholc: Phys. Rev. B61, 7604 (2000)7.35 H. Kroemer: J. Cryst. Growth 81, 193 (1987)7.36 W.G. Schmidt, F. Bechstedt, J. Bernholc: Phys. Rev. B63, 045322 (2001)7.37 J. Dabrowski, H.-J. Mussig: Silicon Surfaces and Formation of Interfaces
(World Scientific, Singapore 2000)7.38 D.J. Chadi: Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 1691 (1987)7.39 T.W. Poon, S. Yip, P.S. Ho, F.F. Abraham: Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 2161 (1990)7.40 R. Shioda, J. van der Weide: Phys. Rev. B57, R6823 (1998)7.41 S.G. Jaloviar, J.-L. Lin, F. Liu, V. Zielasek, L. McCaughan, M.G. Lagally:
Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 791 (1999)7.42 L. Kipp, D.K. Biegelsen, J.E. Northrup, L.-E. Swartz, R.D. Bringans: Phys.
Rev. Lett. 76, 2810 (1996)7.43 T. Yasuda, L. Mantese, U. Rossow, D.E. Aspnes: Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 3431
(1995)7.44 M. Henzler: Surf. Sci. 36, 109 (1973)7.45 R.M. Feenstra, J.A. Stroscio: Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2173 (1987)7.46 K.C. Pandey: Physica 117B & 118B, 761 (1983)7.47 P. Kackell, J. Furthmuller, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B58, 1326 (1998)7.48 B.S. Itchkawitz, M.T. Ellistrem, J.J. Boland: Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 98 (1997)
336 References
7.49 R.L. Headrick, B.E. Weir, J. Berk, B.S. Freer, D.J. Eaglesham, L.C. Feldman:Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 1128 (1990)
7.50 H. Hibino, K. Sumitomo, T. Ogino: J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A16, 1934 (1998)7.51 C. Raffy, J. Furthmuller, F. Bechstedt: Phys. Rev. B66, 075201 (2002)7.52 R.L. Headrick, I.K. Robinson, E. Vlieg, L.C. Feldman: Phys. Rev. Lett. 63,
1253 (1989)7.53 P. Bedrossian, R.D. Meade, K. Mortensen, D.M. Chen, J.A. Golovchenko, D.
Vanderbilt: Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1257 (1989)7.54 S. Wang, M.W. Radny, P.W. Smith: Phys. Rev. B59, 1594 (1999)7.55 P. Baumgartel, J.J. Paggel, M. Hasselblatt, K. Horn, V. Fernandez, O. Schaff,
J.H. Weaver, A.M. Bradshaw, D.P. Woodruff, E. Rotenberg, J. Denlinger:Phys. Rev. B59, 13014 (1999)
Index
π-bonded chain model 24, 139, 153k-resolved inverse photoemission
Adatom 3, 78– H3 site 170– S5 geometry 171– T4 site 170Adatom model 174Adiabatic approximation 196Adsorption 46– energy 104– group-III elements 171Ag(100)– image states 229Angle resolved photoemission spec-
troscopy (ARPES) 154, 194Antisite 302Arrhenius behavior 107Atomic position 16Au(110)– driving force for reconstruction 51– missing row reconstruction 135
Back bond 98, 126Band structure 96– projected 100Band-structure energy 112, 123, 134Bethe–Salpeter equation (BSE) 255Bloch function 82Bloch sum 85, 120Bloch theorem 82Bond– covalent 83– heteropolar 83– polarity 84, 136Bond-contraction relaxation model
144Bond-rotation relaxation model 144Born–Oppenheimer approximation
103
Bound surface state 218Bravais indices 3Bravais lattice 4, 7– cubic 4, 5– hexagonal 6, 14– oblique 14– plane 14– quadratic 14– rectangular 14– square 166– surface 20– three-dimensional (3D) 9– two-dimensional (2D) 7, 19, 30Bridging group 169Brillouin zone (BZ)– high-symmetry line 36– high-symmetry point 36– irreducible 42– projection 37– three-dimensional (3D) 37– two-dimensional (2D) 34Buckling 51, 59, 128– amplitude 147, 152– gap opening 154
C(100)– band structure 160– dimer 159– quasiparticle band structure 223– wave functions 161C(111)– angle-resolved photoelectron spectra
197– band structure 154– electrostatic potential 213– surface states 155– TDB surface 157– trimer reconstruction 181Charge-asymmetry coefficient 137,
57, 59Ewald construction 31Ewald energy 113Exchange 111, 255, 257Exchange-correlation energy 111Excitation 187, 237Exciton 258– binding energy 261, 264– Frenkel 265– surface 262– two-dimensional case 262
Index 339
– Wannier–Mott 261, 265
Facet 58, 65Facetting 59Fermi’s Golden Rule 189, 195, 251Fock operator 202Force constant model 122Formation energy 296Frenkel exciton 262Frozen-phonon approach 275Fuchs–Kliewer phonon 284Full-potential linearized augmented
plane wave (FLAPW) 116Fundamental gap 96, 99, 150, 215
GaAs(111)– As trimers 182GaAs(100)– ζ(4×2) 108, 162– band structure 162– EELS spectra 247– LEED 34– phase diagram 76– potential energy surface 108– reflectance anisotropy 241– slab 118– surface structure 69– topmost As dimers 143– wave functions 163GaAs(110)– total energy surface 103– HREELS spectrum 285GaN(111)– electrostatic potential 212GaP(100)– STM image 168, 192Ge(100)– bands 163Ge(111)– adatom model 173– band structure 154, 175– cleavage 139– isomer 154– surface states 175Generalized gradient approximation
K/Al(111)– electron energy loss spectra 271Kink 3, 294Kohn–Sham (KS) eigenvalues 110Kohn–Sham (KS) states 112Kohn–Sham equation 110Kohn–Sham potential 110, 204Kramer’s grand potential 47, 66
Madelung energy 18Mass action law 72Matrix notation 20Metal surface 18– exchange-correlation potential 210– image states 231– reconstruction 134– relaxation 133Metal-induced gap states (MIGS) 221Metal-organic chemical vapor deposi-
tion (MOCVD) 237Mg metal– photoelectron spectrum 200Milk-stool model 180Miller indices 3, 4, 53Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) 2, 45,
70Mott–Hubbard insulator 172, 184, 234
Nearest-neighbor interaction 87, 95,151
Nearly-free-electron (NFE) approxima-tion 219
Ni(100)– image states 229– Rayleigh phonon 280
Optical absorption– bulk Si 259– with electron–hole attraction 261Overlap integral 83, 124