REFERENCES - ibse.hk

References 234

REFERENCES

AAC, 1992. The efficiency irony, Asian Architect and Contractor, 22 (5): 14-16, May.

Acrosoft International Inc., 1990. MICRO-DOE2 User Guide, (Extended DOS), Version

2.1D, January.

AEE (Association of Energy Engineering), 1991. Directory of software for energy managers

and engineers, Energy Engineering, 88 (2): 6-79.

AJ, 1993. Energy efficient buildings, (Special Report), Architects’ Journal, 9 June 1993, pp. 17-

34. (a collection of 5 articles and the EEO Energy Consumption Guide 35)

Alliance to Save Energy, 1993. America Energy Choices, Investing a Strong Economy and a

Clean Environment, Union of Concerned Scientists, Massachusetts.

Anderson, B. R., 1985. BREDEM — BRE Domestic Energy Model: Background, Philosophy and

Description, BRE Report, Building Research Establishment.

Anderson, V., 1993. Energy Efficiency Policies, New Economic Foundation (Routledge).

Ang Co, A. U., Soriano, M. L. and Tablante, C. B., 1993. Building Energy Use, Assessment,

Analysis, and Policy Development in the Philippines, private communication, March.

Architectural Office, 1983. Energy Conservation in Buildings, (pamphlet), Architectural Office,

Public Works Department, Hong Kong.

Arens, E., Nall, D. H. and Carroll, W. L., 1979. The representativeness of TRY data in

predicting mean annual heating and cooling requirements, ASHRAE Transactions, 85

(1979): 707-721.

ASHRAE, 1995. ASHRAE approves energy conservation standard for existing buildings,

ASHRAE Insights, 10 (3): 1, March.

ASHRAE, 1994. ASHRAE publishes standard 90.1 code language version, ASHRAE Insights,

9 (1): 1, January.

ASHRAE, 1993. ASHRAE Handbook — 1993 Fundamentals, American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta.

References 235

ASHRAE, 1992a. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-1992, Thermal Environmental Conditions for

Human Occupancy, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning

Engineers, Atlanta.

ASHRAE, 1992b. ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989 User Manual, American Society of

Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta, November.

ASHRAE, 1991a. ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 100.2-1991, Energy Conservation in Existing

Buildings — High-rise Residential, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-

Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta.

ASHRAE, 1991b. ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 100.6-1991, Energy Conservation in Existing

Buildings — Public Assembly, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-


ASHRAE, 1991c. ASHRAE Handbook — 1991 HVAC Applications, American Society of Heating,


ASHRAE, 1991d. ASHRAE Journal HVAC&R software directory 1991, ASHRAE Journal,

33 (9): 59-74, September.

ASHRAE, 1990a. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 105-1984 (RA 90), Standard Methods of Measuring

and Expressing Building Energy Performance, (Reaffirmation of ANSI/ASHRAE 105-1984

with minor editorial changes), American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-


ASHRAE, 1990b. ASHRAE position statements, ASHRAE Journal, 32 (9): 52, September.

ASHRAE, 1989a. ASHRAE Handbook — 1989 Fundamentals, American Society of Heating,


ASHRAE, 1989b. ASHRAE Standard 62-1989, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality,

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta.

ASHRAE, 1989c. ASHRAE/IES Standard 90.1-1989, Energy Efficient Design of New Buildings

Except Low-rise Residential Buildings, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and

Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta.

ASHRAE, 1985a. Standard 90 — the process, ASHRAE Journal, 27 (10): 17-21, October.

ASHRAE, 1985b. Standard 90 — background, ASHRAE Journal, 27 (10): 24-25, October.

ASHRAE, 1985c. Standard 90 — the planning, ASHRAE Journal, 27 (10): 28-30, October.

ASHRAE, 1985d. Standard 90 — the contents, ASHRAE Journal, 27 (10): 33-35, October.

ASHRAE, 1984a. ASHRAE vows Standard 90 push, seeks cooperation, ASHRAE Journal, 26

(8): 16-18, August.

References 236

ASHRAE, 1984b. Standard 90 — addenda process speeds Standard 90 revision, ASHRAE

Journal, 26 (10): 36-37, October.

ASHRAE, 1984c. ASHRAE standards process, ASHRAE Journal, 26 (10): 38-39, October.

ASHRAE, 1983. Simplified Energy Analysis Using the Modified Bin Method, American Society of

Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta.

ASHRAE, 1981a. ASHRAE/IES Standard 100.1-1981, Energy Conservation in Existing

Buildings — Low Rise Residential, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-


ASHRAE, 1981b. ASHRAE/IES Standard 100.2-1981, Energy Conservation in Existing

Buildings — High Rise Residential Buildings, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating

and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta.

ASHRAE, 1981c. ASHRAE/IES Standard 100.3-1981, Energy Conservation in Existing

Buildings — Commercial, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-


ASHRAE, 1981d. ASHRAE/IES Standard 100.4-1981, Energy Conservation in Existing

Buildings — Industrial, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning

Engineers, Atlanta.

ASHRAE, 1981e. ASHRAE/IES Standard 100.5-1981, Energy Conservation in Existing

Buildings — Institutional, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-


ASHRAE, 1981f. ASHRAE/IES Standard 100.6-1981, Energy Conservation in Existing Buildings —

Public Assembly, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning

Engineers, Atlanta.

ASHRAE, 1981g. Building energy analysis methods — a roundtable discussion, ASHRAE

Journal, 23 (6): 32-37, June.

ASHRAE, 1980. ANSI/ASHRAE/IES Standard 90A-1980, Energy Conservation in New Building

Design, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers,

Atlanta. (includes 90A-1980, 90B-1975 and 90C-1977)

ASHRAE, 1979. Cooling and Heating Load Calculation Manual, ASHRAE GRP 158, American

Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta.

ASHRAE, 1976. Procedure for Determining Heating and Cooling Loads for Computerizing Energy

Calculations: Algorithms for Building Heat Transfer Subroutines, (compiled by the

ASHRAE Task Group on Energy Requirements Heating and Cooling of Buildings),


References 237

ASHRAE, 1975a. ASHRAE Standard 90-1975, Energy Conservation in New Building Design,


ASHRAE, 1975b. Procedures for Simulating the Performance of Components and Systems for

Energy Calculations, Third edition, (compiled and published by the Task Group on

Energy Requirements for Heating and Cooling of Buildings), American Society of

Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta.

Augenbroe, G. L. M., 1993. COMBINE Project: Second Phase and COMBINE: Project Overview,

private communication, August.

Augenbroe, G. and Winkelmann, F., 1991. Integration of simulation into the building design

process, Proc. of the Building Simulation ‘91 Conference, August 20-22, 1991, Sophia-

Antipolis, Nice, France, pp. 367-374, International Building Performance Simulation

Association.

Ayres, J. M., 1977. Predicting building energy requirements, Energy and Buildings, 1 (1977):

11-18.

Ayres, J. M. and Stamper, E., 1995. Historical development of building energy calculations,

ASHRAE Journal, 37 (2): 47-55, February.

Bahel, V., Said, S. and Abdelrahmen, M. A., 1989. Validation of DOE-2.1A and a

microcomputer based hourly energy analysis computer program for a residential

building, Energy, 14 (4): 215-221.

Baird, G., 1979. Energy conservation, legislation and actual use in buildings, New Zealand

Energy Journal, 25 (March 1979): 24-33.

Baird, G., Donn, M. R., Pool, F., Brander, W. D. S. and Chan, S. A., 1984. Energy Performance

of Buildings, CRC Press, Florida.

Baird, G. and Isaacs, N. P., 1993. New Zealand approach to building energy design &

operational standards, Poster Paper accepted for CLIMA 2000, QE II Conference Centre,

London, 1-3 November 1993.

Baizhan, L. and Shegyuan, T., 1989. A method of forming China meteorological data

used for analyzing building annual energy consumption, ASHRAE Transactions, 95

(Part 2): 259-262.

Barry, R. C. and Chorley, R. J., 1992. Atmosphere, Weather and Climate, Sixth edition,

Routledge.

BCD, 1979a. Handbook on Energy Conservation in Buildings & Building Services, Building

Control Division, Public Works Department, Singapore.

References 238

BCD, 1979b. Building Control (Space, Light and Ventilation) Regulations, Building Control

Division, Public Works Department, Singapore.

BEDTDC, 1988. Evaluation Procedure for Building Energy Performance Prediction Tools, Final

Report, DOE/CE/30752--T3, Building Energy Design Tool Development Council,

November.

Benseman, R. F. and Cook, F. W., 1969. Solar radiation in New Zealand - the standard year

and radiation on inclined slopes, New Zealand Journal of Science, 12 (December 1969):

697-708.

Beranek, D. A. and Lawrie, L. K., 1989. Promising (and not so promising) developments in

energy analysis software, Proc. of the Building Simulation ‘89 Conference, June 23-24,

1989, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 5-10, International Building Performance Simulation

Association.

BESA, 1993. Building Energy Systems Analysis (BESA) Design User Manual, (BESA Design

version 2.0), Scanada Consultants Limited, Canada.

Bevington, R. and Rosenfeld, A. H., 1990. Energy for buildings and homes, Scientific

American, 263 (3): 39-45, September.

Billington, N. S., 1975. Thermal insulation standards, In Building Science Special Supplement,

Pergamon Press, pp. 91-104. (Energy and Housing, symposium held at the Open

University, Milton Keynes on October 1974)

Birdsall, B., Buhl, W. F., Ellington, K. L., Erdem, A. E. and Winkelmann, F. C., 1990. Overview

of the DOE-2 Building Energy Analysis Program Version 2.1D, LBL-19735, Rev. 1,

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, February.

Blake, J., 1991. Engineering challenges and opportunities for energy conservation in Hong

Kong, Hong Kong Engineer, 19 (4): 60-62, April.

Bland, B. H., 1992. Conduction in dynamic thermal models: analytical tests for validation,

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology, 13 (4): 197-208.

BLAST, 1991. BLAST User Reference, Volume 1 & 2, BLAST Support Office, Department of

Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Bloom, B., 1993. Matching equipment size to the cooling load, ASHRAE Journal, 35 (10): 50-

54, October.

Bloomfield, D. P., 1989a. Evaluation procedures for building thermal simulation programs,

Proc. of the Building Simulation ‘89 Conference, June 23-24, 1989, Vancouver, BC, Canada,

pp. 217-222, International Building Performance Simulation Association.

References 239

Bloomfield, D. (Edited by), 1989b. Design Tool Evaluation: Benchmark Test Cases, Technical

Report No. T.8.B.4, Task VIII: Passive and Hybrid Solar Low Energy Buildings,

International Energy Agency Solar Heating and Cooling Programme, Building

Research Establishment, May.

Bloomfield, D., 1985. Appraisal techniques for methods of calculating the thermal

performance of buildings, Building Services Engineering Research and Technology, 6 (1):

13-20.

Blumstein, C., Krieg, B., Schipper, L. and York, C., 1980. Overcoming social and institutional

barriers to energy conservation, Energy, 5 (1980): 355-371.

BOCA, 1993. The BOCA National Energy Conservation Code/ 1993, Seventh Edition, Building

Officials & Code Administrators International, Illinois, April.

BOMA, 1994. 1994 BOMA Energy Guidelines, Victoria Division of Building Owners and

Managers Association, Melbourne.

BOMA, 1986. Energy Guidelines for Building Owners and Managers 1986, Victoria Division of

Building Owners and Managers Association, Melbourne.

Bourdeau, L., 1992. Heating/DHW system performance standards in France, Proc. of the

International Energy Conference on Use of Efficiency Standards in Energy Policy, Sophia-

Antipolis, France, 4-5 June 1992, pp. 178-186, International Energy Agency, Paris.

Boverket, 1993. Boverkets fö rfattningssamling, BFS 1993:57, Chapter 9 — Energy Economy and

Heat Retention, private communication, Sweden.

Bowman, N. and Lomas, K., 1986. Does dynamic simulation work?, Building Services The

CIBSE Journal, 8 (3): 30-31, March.

Bowman, N. T. and Lomas, K. J., 1985. Empirical validation of dynamic thermal computer

models of buildings, Building Services Engineering Research and Technology, 6 (4): 153-162.

BPA, 1993. Energy Edge Simulation Tuning Methodologies, Bonneville Power Administration,

January.

Braga, D., 1993. The road to energy efficiency, One Earth, Issue No. 19, Summer 1993, pp. 10-

11.

Brambley, M. R. and Bailey, M. L., 1991. The U.S. Department of Energy advanced

energy design and operation technologies (AEDOT) project, Paper presented at the First

International Symposium on Building System Automation-Integration, University of

Wisconsin, Madison, WI, June 1991.

Brambley, M. R., Quadrel, R. W., Stratton, R. C., Brown, G. Z., Meacham, M., Miller, P., Pohl,

J. G., Porta, J. L., Snyder, J., Selkowitz, S. E., Papamichael, K. and Bailey, M. L., 1992.

References 240

An integrated environment for intelligent energy design, (PNL-SA-20969), Paper

presented at the Symposium on Building Systems Automation-Integration Conference, Dallas,

TX, June 10-12, 1992.

BRE, 1983. Building Performance, BRE Digest Volume 3, Building Research Establishment.

BRE and SERC, 1988. An Investigation into Analytical and Empirical Validation Techniques for

Dynamic Thermal Models of Buildings, Volume I to VI, Building Research Establishment

and Science & Engineering Research Council, December.

Brealey, T. B., 1972. Presentation of temperature data for building design, Building Science, 7

(1972): 101-104.

Brickell Moss Raines & Stevens Ltd, 1986. Energy Conservation in Commercial Buildings,

BRANZ Research Report R49, Building Research Association of New Zealand.

Briggs, R. S. and Brambley, M. R., 1991. Whole-building energy targets: a methodology for

future performance-based standards, Proc. of the Building Simulation ‘91 Conference,

August 20-22, 1991, Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France, pp. 631-637, International Building

Performance Simulation Association.

Brown, G. Z., 1990. Desirable interface characteristics of knowledge-based energy software

used by architects, ASHRAE Transactions, 96 (Part 2): 550-556.

Brown, A. M., Dobney, P. W. and Fricker, J. M., 1987. Calculation of energy targets, ASHRAE

Journal, 29 (10): 24-27, October.

BSI, 1985a. British Standards BS 8207: 1985, Energy Efficiency in Buildings, British Standards

Institution.

BSI, 1985b. Energy Design Guide: Design Guide to BS8207:1985, British Standard Code of Practice

for Energy Efficiency in Buildings, British Standards Institution, November.

Buhl, F., Erdem, E., Nataf, J. M., Winkelmann, F. C., Moshier, M. A. and Sowell, E. F., 1991.

The U.S. EKS: advances in the SPANK-based energy kernel system, Proc. of the Third

International Conference on System Simulation in Buildings, December 3-5, 1990, Liè ge,

Belgium, pp. 107-150.

Building Authority Hong Kong, 1995. Code of Practice for Overall Thermal Transfer Value in

Buildings 1995, Building Department, Hong Kong, April.

Building Authority Hong Kong, 1992. Draft Handbook: Recommendations on Overall Thermal

Transfer Value (OTTV) Calculations in Buildings, Hong Kong.

Building Services Branch, 1995. Energy Conservation in Buildings, (pamphlet), Building

Services Branch, Architectural Services Department, Hong Kong, February.

References 241

Building Services Branch, 1987. Energy Conservation in Buildings, (pamphlet), Building

Services Branch, Architectural Services Department, Hong Kong.

Bunn, R., 1994. Part L time, Building Services The CIBSE Journal, 16 (10): 41-42, October.

Burger, R., 1993. Wet bulb temperature: the misunderstood element, Heating, Piping and Air

Conditioning, 65 (9): 29-34, September.

Busch, J. F. (Editor), 1992. ASEAN-USAID Building Energy Conservation Project, Final Report,

Volume II: Technology, LBL-32380 Vol. II, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, June. (Series

Editors: M. D. Levine and J. F. Busch)

Busch, J. F. and Deringer, J. J., 1987. A building envelope energy standard for Malaysia, Proc.

of the Far East Conference on Air Conditioning in Hot Climates, September 3-5, 1987,

Singapore, pp. 302-320.

CABO, 1993. Model Energy Code, 1993 Edition (with 1994 amendments), Council of American

Building Officials, Virginia.

CABO, 1986. Model Energy Code, 1986 Edition, Council of American Building Officials,

Virginia.

Callaway, J. W., Thurman, A. G. and Shankle, D. L., 1991. Adoption, Implementation and

Enforcement of Commercial Building Energy Codes in New Mexico and Arizona, PNL-7712,

Pacific Northwest Laboratory, July.

Carrier Air Conditioning Company, 1965. Handbook of Air Conditioning System Design,

McGraw-Hill, New York.

Carrier Corporation, 1990. Carrier E20-II Hourly Analysis Program (HAP) User Manual,

(version 2.03).

Carrier Corporation, 1969. Load Estimating and Duct and Piping Design, Engineering Guide for

System Design.

Case, K. E. and Fair, R. C., 1989. Principles of Economics, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey.

CCBFC, 1994a. National Energy Code for Buildings 1995, Public Review 1.0, Canadian

Commission on Building and Fire Codes, National Research Council Canada, Canada,

March.

CCBFC, 1994b. National Energy Code for Houses 1995, Public Review 1.0, Canadian Commission

on Building and Fire Codes, National Research Council Canada, Canada, March.

CEC, 1992a. Energy Efficiency Standards for Residential and Nonresidential Buildings, P400-92-

001, California Energy Commission, California, July.

References 242

CEC, 1992b. Nonresidential Manual: for Compliance with the 1992 Energy Efficiency

Standards (for Nonresidential Buildings, High-rise Residential Buildings, and

Hotels/Motels), California Energy Commission, California, July.

CEC, 1992c. Alternative Calculation Method (ACM) Approval Manual for the 1992 Energy

Efficiency Standards for Residential Buildings, California Energy Commission, California,

April.

CEC, 1992d. Alternative Calculation Method (ACM) Approval Manual for the 1992 Energy

Efficiency Standards for Nonresidential Buildings, California Energy Commission,

California, April.

Census and Statistics Department, 1970-94 (monthly). Hong Kong Monthly Digest of Statistics,

(monthly publications), Hong Kong.

Census and Statistics Department, 1983-94 (yearly). Hong Kong Energy Statistics, Annual

Report, 1972-1982 to 1983-1993, (yearly publications), Industrial Production Statistics

Section, Census and Statistics Department, Hong Kong.

Chan, A. L. S., 1994. Development of Guidelines for Energy-efficient Operation of Fully Air-

conditioned Buildings in Hong Kong, MPhil Thesis, City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, June.

Chapman, J., 1992. Models and their data — a question of reliability, BEPAC Newsletter, No. 7,

Autumn 1992, pp. 6-8.

Charlesworth, P., Clarke, J. A., Hammond, G., Irving, A., James, K., Lee, B., Lockley, S., Mac

Randal, D., Tang, D, Wiltshire, T. J. and Wright, A. J., 1991. The energy kernel system,

Proc. of the Building Simulation ‘91 Conference, August 20-22, 1991, Sophia-Antipolis,

Nice, France, pp. 313-322, International Building Performance Simulation Association.

Chin, P. C. and Kwok, W. H., 1974. Computerization of Surface Climatological Data in Hong

Kong, Technical Note (Local) No. 17, Royal Observatory, Hong Kong, January.

Chinese General Design & Research Institute of Nonferrous Metal Industry, 1989. PRC

National Standards GBJ 19-87, Design Code for Heating, Ventilating and Air-conditioning,

Chinese Planning Publishers, Beijing. (in Chinese)

Chirarattananon, S., 1992. Building energy efficiency in Thailand, Proc. of the One-day

Symposium on Energy Efficient Buildings (EEB), November 19, 1992, Sheraton Hotel,

Hong Kong, pp. 2-1 to 2-12.

Chirarattananon, S., 1991. The Evaluation of the Overall Thermal Transfer Value, private

communication, July.

Chirarattananon, S. and Limmeechokchai, B., 1994. A new building energy-efficiency law in

Thailand: impact on new buildings, Energy, 19 (2): 269-278.

References 243

Chirarattananon, S., Rakwamsuk, P. and Kaewkiew, J., 1989. A proposed building energy

performance standard for Thailand: an introduction and preliminary assessment of the

potential for energy management, Proc. of the ASEAN Special Sessions of the ASHRAE Far

East Conference on Air Conditioning in Hot Climates, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, October

26-28, 1989, pp. 1-24.

Chou, S. K. and Chang, W. L., 1993. Development of an energy-estimating equation for large

commercial buildings, International Journal of Energy Research, 17 (1993): 759-773.

Chou, S. K., Chang, W. L., and Wong, Y. W., 1993. Effects of multi-parameters changes on

energy use of large buildings, International Journal of Energy Research, 17 (1993): 885-903.

Chou, S. K. and Lee, Y. K., 1989. Commercial building energy analysis in support of

Singapore standards revisions, Proc. of the ASEAN Special Sessions of the ASHRAE Far


26-28, 1989, pp. 77-106.

Chou, S. K. and Lee, Y. K., 1988. A simplified overall thermal transfer value equation for

building envelopes, Energy, 13 (8): 657-670.

Chou, S. K. and Wong, Y. W., 1993. A method for calculating the thermal performance of

building envelopes in tropical climates, Australian Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and

Heating, 47 (4): 23-28, April.

Chou, S. K. and Wong, Y. W., 1986. Predicting energy performance of commercial buildings

in Singapore, ASHRAE Transactions, 92 (Part 1A): 116-136.

Chou, S. K., Wong, Y. W. and Lee, Y. K., 1990. Using BUNYIP energy analysis of buildings in

Singapore, Australian Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating, 44 (6): 12-22, June.

Chou, W. L., 1983. Energy Supply-demand Situation, and Energy Policies and Planning in Hong

Kong, (Country report submitted to ESCAP, United Nation in July 1983), Department

of Economics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, July 23, 1983.

Chow, L. C. H., 1980. Changes in the Energy Economy of Thailand, Hong Kong and S. Korea, 1961-

1975 and Their Implications, PhD Thesis, University of Kansas, December.

CIBS, 1984. CIBS Guide, Section A2, Weather & Solar Data, Chartered Institution of Building

Services, London.

CIBS, 1982. CIBS Building Energy Code, Part 4, Measurement of Energy Consumption and

Comparison with Targets for Existing Buildings and Services, Chartered Institution of

Building Services, London.

References 244

CIBS, 1981. CIBS Building Energy Code, Part 2, Calculation of Energy Demands and Targets for the

Design of New Buildings and Services, Section (a) Heated and Naturally Ventilated Buildings,

Chartered Institution of Building Services, London.

CIBSE, 1995. Simulation modelling: lessons for the future, Building Services The CIBSE Journal,

17 (1): 31-36, January.

CIBSE, 1991. CIBSE Application Manual AM5:1991, Energy Audits and Surveys, The Chartered

Institution of Building Services Engineers, London.

CIBSE, 1990. CIBSE Building Energy Code, Part 2, Calculation of Energy Demands and Targets for

the Design of New Buildings and Services, Section (c): Air Conditioned Buildings, (Draft copy

of the proposed code, version 9: August 1990), Chartered Institution of Building

Services Engineers, London.

CIBSE, 1986a. CIBSE Guide Volume A — Design Data, Chartered Institution of Building Services

Engineers, London.

CIBSE, 1986b. What is available?, Building Services The CIBSE Journal, 8 (3): 32, March.

CIBSE, 1979. CIBSE Building Energy Code, Part 3, Guidance towards Energy Conserving Operation

of Buildings and Services, Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, London.

CIBSE, 1977. CIBSE Building Energy Code, Part 1, Guidance towards Energy Conserving Design of

Buildings and Services, Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, London.

Clark, D. R., 1985. HVACSIM+ Building Systems and Equipment Simulation Program Reference

Manual, NBSIR 84-2996, National Bureau of Standards, January.

Clarke, J. A., 1993. Assessing building performance by simulation, Building and Environment,

28 (4): 419-427.

Clarke, J. A., 1988. The energy kernel system, Energy and Buildings, 10 (1988): 259-266.

Clarke, J., 1986. Dynamic simulation of energy use, Building Services The CIBSE Journal, 8 (3):

25-27, March.

Clarke, J. A., 1985. Energy Simulation in Building Design, Adam Hilger Ltd, Bristol.

Clarke, J. A., 1982. Computer applications in the design of energy-conscious buildings,

Computer-Aided Design, 14 (1): 3-9, January.

Clarke, J. A. and Irving, A. D., 1988. Building energy simulation: an introduction, Energy and

Buildings, 10 (1988): 157-159.

Clarke, J. A. and Mac Randal, D. F., 1993. The energy kernel system: form and content, Proc.

of the Building Simulation ‘93 Conference, 16-18 August 1993, Adelaide, Australia, pp.

307-315, International Building Performance Simulation Association.

References 245

Clarke, J. A., Rutherford J. and Mac Randal, D., 1989. Building performance simulation:

delivering the power to the profession, Proc. of the Building Simulation ‘89 Conference,

June 23-24, 1989, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 305-311, International Building


CLP, 1990. Annual Report 1990, China Light & Power Co. Ltd., Hong Kong.

Conner, C. C. and Lucas, R. G., 1993. Technical Support Document for Proposed Revision of the

Model Energy Code Thermal Envelope Requirements, PNL-8546, Pacific Northwest

Laboratory, February.

Conover, D. R., 1993. ASHRAE initiates efforts to codify standards, ASHRAE Insights, 8 (9):

1, September.

Conover, W. J., 1980. Practical Nonparametric Statistics, 2nd Edition, John Wiley & Sons.

Cooper, K. W., 1975. Energy conservation and an energy budget — what is ASHRAE doing?,

ASHRAE Journal, 17 (8): 55-58, August.

Cornell, A. A. and Scanlon, P. W., 1975. Energy targets for office buildings and barrack

blocks, Building Services Engineer, 43 (September 1975): 118-127.

Corson, G. C., 1992. Input-output sensitivity of building energy simulations, ASHRAE

Transactions, 98 (Part 1): 618-626.

Cox, J. E., 1984. Standard 90 — society forum covers methods, progress, ASHRAE Journal, 26

(11): 22-25, November.

Crawley, D. B., 1988. Research for development of whole-building energy performance

targets, H & V Engineer, 61 (690): 7-11.

Crawley, D. B. and Boulin, J. J., 1990. Standard 90.1 ENVSTD: using it for compliance,

ASHRAE Journal, 32 (5): 30-40, May.

Crawley, D. B. and Briggs, R. S., 1988. Standard 90 — the value, ASHRAE Journal, 27 (11): 18-

23, November.

Crawley, D. B. and Schliesing, J. S., 1992. Energy Requirements for Office Buildings, Volume 2,

Recent and Future Buildings, (Topical Report), GRI-90/0236.2, Gas Research Institute,

March.

Crow, L. W., 1984. Weather year for energy calculations, ASHRAE Journal, 26 (6): 42-47, June.

Crow, L. W., 1981. Development of hourly data for weather year for energy calculations

(WYEC), including solar data, at 21 stations throughout the U.S., ASHRAE Transactions,

87 (Part 1): 896-906.

References 246

Crow, L. W., 1972. Weather data related to evaporative cooling, ASHRAE Transactions, 78

(Part 1): 153-164.

Cuncliffe, D. W., 1965. Climatic design data for summer air conditioning in Melbourne,

Mechanical & Chemical Engineering Transactions (Institution of Engineers, Australia), 1

(May 1965): 105-116.

urbing energy appetite”, Editorial, South China Morning Post, 22 September 1990.

DBCD, 1983. Handbook on Energy Conservation in Building and Building Services, Development

& Building Control Division (P.W.D.), Singapore. (revised edition superseding the

1979 first edition)

D. B. Crawley Consulting, 1992. Development of Procedures for Determining Thermal Envelope

Requirements for Code for Energy Efficiency in New Buildings (Except Houses), National

Research Council Canada, November.

DEDP, 1994. Energy and Buildings in Thailand, Country paper prepared for the Thai

delegation to Join in the 12th AEEMTRC Seminar-Workshop on Energy in Buildings

Programme held by PUB in Singapore, Energy Conservation Subdivision, Department

of Energy Development and Promotion, 20 June 1994, Bangkok, Thailand.

Degelman, L. O., 1991. A statistically-based hourly weather data generator for driving

energy simulation and equipment design software for buildings, Proc. of the Building

Simulation '91 Conference, August 20-22, 1991, Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France, pp. 592-

599, International Building Performance Simulation Association.

Degelman, L. O., 1987. A bibliography of available computer programs in the general area of

heating, refrigerating, air conditioning, and ventilating, ASHRAE Transactions, 93 (Part

2): 653-666.

Deif, A., 1986. Sensitivity Analysis in Linear Systems, Springer-Vaerlag, Berlin.

Department of Energy, 1993. Guidelines for Energy Conserving Design of Buildings and Utility

Systems, Department of Energy, Republic of the Philippines.

Department of Public Works and Land Affairs, 1988. Manual for Energy Auditing of Buildings,

Department of Mineral and Energy Affairs, South Africa.

Deringer, J. J. and Busch, J. F., 1992. ASEAN-USAID Building Energy Conservation Project, Final

Report, Volume I: Energy Standards, LBL-32380 Vol. I, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,

June. (Series Editors: M. D. Levine and J. F. Busch)

Deringer, J. J., Busch, J. F., Hall, J., Kannan, K. S., Levine, M. and Turiel, I., 1987. Energy and

economic analysis of commercial building standards in Malaysia, Proc. of the Far East

References 247

Conference on Air Conditioning in Hot Climates, September 3-5, 1987, Singapore, pp. 265-

292.

Deringer, J. J. and Levine, M. D., 1990. A toolkit for energy-efficient buildings, National

Development, 31 (1): 21-23.

DeWaal, H. B., 1993. New recommendations for building in tropical climates, Building and

Environment, 28 (3): 271-285.

Diamond, S. C., Cappiello, C. C. and Hunn, B. D., 1985. User-effect validation tests of the

DOE-2 building energy analysis computer program, ASHRAE Transactions, 91 (Part 2B):

712-724.

Diamond, S. C., Cappiello, C. C. and Hunn, B. D., 1986. DOE-2 Verification Project Phase I

Final Report, LA-10649-MS, Los Alamos National Laboratory, February.

Diamond, S. C. and Hunn, B. D., 1981. Comparison of DOE-2 computer program simulations

to metered data for seven commercial buildings, ASHRAE Transactions, 87 (Part 1):

1222-1231.

Diamond, S. C., Hunn, B. D. and Cappiello, C. C., 1985. The DOE-2 validation, ASHRAE

Journal, 27 (11): 25-32, November.

Diamond, S. C., Hunn, B. D. and Cappiello, C. C., 1981. DOE-2 Verification Project Phase I:

Interim Report, LA-8295-MS, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, April.

Diamond, R., Piette, M. A., Nordman, B., de Buen, O. and Harris, J., 1992. Energy Edge Impact

Evaluation: Middle Overview, Bonneville Power Administration, May.

DIN, 1983. German Standards DIN 1946 Part 2 Engl., Air Conditioning Health Requirements (VDI

ventilation rules), Deutsches Institut f Normung, January.

Donn, M. and Amor, R., 1993. The creation of weather data files to fulfil the simulation needs

of New Zealand, Proc. of the Building Simulation '93 Conference, 16-18 August 1993,

Adelaide, Australia, pp. 495-499, International Building Performance Simulation

Association.

Drozdov, V. A., Matrosov, Yu. A. and Tabunschikov, Yu. A., 1989. The main trends in

energy saving in buildings — theory and practice in the U.S.S.R., Energy and Buildings,

14 (1989): 43-50.

Drysdale, P., 1994. Growth, energy and the environment: new challenges for the Asia Pacific

Economy, Energy in Japan, No. 127, May 1994, pp. 39-55.

Dubin, F. S. and Long, C. G. Jr., 1978. Energy Conservation Standards for Building Design,

Construction, and Operation, McGrall-Hill.

References 248

EEAC, 1992. Advisory Note on Energy Efficiency in Existing Commercial Buildings in Hong Kong,

Energy Efficiency Advisory Committee, Hong Kong.

EEAC, 1991. Energy Efficiency Advisory Committee, Report on Work, April - October 1991, Energy

Efficiency Advisory Committee, Hong Kong.

EIA, 1994a. Energy End-Use Intensities in Commercial Buildings, DOE/EIA-0555(94)/2, (Energy

Consumption Series), Energy Information Administration, September.

EIA, 1994b. Annual Report to Congress 1993, DOE/EIA-0173(93), Energy Information

Administration, March.

EIA, 1994c. Energy Use and Carbon Emissions: Some International Comparisons, DOE/EIA-

0579(94), Energy Information Administration, March.

EIA, 1992a. User-needs Study for the 1992 Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey,

(Energy Consumption Series), DOE/EIA-0555(92)/4, Energy Information

Administration, September.

EIA, 1992b. Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption and Expenditures 1989, DOE/EIA-

0318(89), Energy Information Administration, April.

EIA, 1986. Nonresidential Buildings Energy Consumption Survey: Characteristics of Commercial

Buildings 1986, DOE/EIA--0246(86), Energy Information Administration.

Eley Associates, 1993. Hawaii Model Energy Code: Energy Efficiency Standard for Buildings,

Energy Division, Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism, State of

Hawaii, July.

Elms, L. D., 1988. Alternative approaches for achieving energy efficient design, H & V

Engineer, 61 (690): 14-15.

EMSD, 1994. A Review of Building Energy Codes and Standards in Other Countries, (internal

document), Energy Efficiency Sub-division, Electrical & Mechanical Services

Department, Hong Kong.

Energy Code Program, 1993. FLA/COM-94, Florida Energy Code Compliance Software User

Manual, Energy Code Program, Department of Community Affairs, State of Florida.

Erbs, D. G., 1984. Models and Applications for Weather Statistics Related to Building Heating and

Cooling Loads, PhD Thesis, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

ERG/Acrosoft International, Inc., 1994. MICRO-DOE2 E Version User Guide, Extended

DOS DOE-2.1E, March.

Evans, J. M., 1993. Acondicionamiento Termico de Edificios, Analisis de Las Normas IRAM de

Argentina, (Air-conditioning Efficiency, Analysis of IRAM Regulations in Argentina),

private communication. (in Spanish)

References 249

Evans, R., 1987. Guidelines for the selection of analysis software, Mechanical Engineering, 109

(3); 42-43, March.

Fadel, G. M. and Rueda, J., 1984. Use of interactive graphic techniques in buildings peak load

and energy use analysis, ASHRAE Transactions, 90 (Part 2A): 18-24.

Fagbenle, R. L., 1995. Generation of a test reference year for Ibadan, Nigeria, Energy

Conversion and Management, 36 (1): 61-63.

Fawkes, S., 1993. Energy conservation in Japan, The Resource, 1 (4): 8-10, May/Jun.

Feinberg, K. N., 1974. Use of computer programs to evaluate energy consumption of large

office buildings, ASHRAE Journal, 16 (1): 73-76, January.

Fels, M. F., 1986. PRISM: an introduction, Energy and Buildings, 9 (1986): 5-18.

Festa, R. and Ratto, C. F., 1993. Proposal of a numerical procedure to select reference years,

Solar Energy, 50 (1): 9-17.

Fickett, A. P., Gellings, C. W. and Lovins, A. B., 1990. Efficient use of electricity, Scientific

American, 263 (3): 29-36, September.

Field, A., 1992. Energy Use in Office Buildings, BRE Information Paper IP 20/92, Building

Research Establishment, November.

Finkelstein, J. M. and Schafer, R. E., 1971. Improved goodness-of-fit tests, Biometrika, 58 (3):

641-645.

Fisher, A. C. and Rothkopf, M. H., 1989. Market failure and energy policy, Energy Policy, 17

(4): 397-406, August.

Fitzsimons, J., 1990. Energy efficiency: ten reasons why the market will not deliver, New

Zealand Engineering, November 1990, pp. 28-31.

Fleming, W. S. and Misuriello, H., 1980. BEPS & ASHRAE 90 — evaluation and impact,

ASHRAE Journal, 22 (6): 31-42, June.

Gabel, M. D. and Howley, R. E., 1993. COMPLY 24 User Manual, Version 4.11, Gabel

Dodd Associates, August.

Gabrielsson, J. and Wiljanen, H., 1994. A weather model for indoor thermal calculations,

Building and Environment, 29 (3): 345-351.

Gale C. Corson Engineering, 1990. A Comparative Evaluation of Commercial Building Energy

Simulation Software, Final Report, Bonneville Power Administration, May.

Gansler, R. A., Klein, S. A. and Beckman, W. A., 1994. Assessment of the accuracy of

generated meteorological data for use in solar energy simulation studies, Solar Energy,

53 (3): 279-287.

References 250

Geller, H. S., 1988. Commercial Building Equipment Efficiency: a State-of-the-art Review, America

Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, May.

Geller, H., Nadel, S. and Hopkins, M., 1992. Energy Savings Estimates from the Energy

Efficiency Provisions in the Energy Policy Act of 1992, American Council for An Energy-

Efficiency Economy, November.

G. K. Yuill and Associates Ltd., 1990. An Annotated Guide to Models and Algorithms for Energy

Calculations Relating to HVAC Equipment, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating

and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta.

Gibbons, J. D. and Chakraborti, S., 1992. Nonparametric Statistical Inference, 3rd Edition,

Revised and Expanded, Marcel Dekker.

Givoni, B., 1992. Comfort, climate analysis and building design guidelines, Energy and

Buildings, 18 (1992): 11-23.

Givoni, B., 1976. Man, Climate and Architecture, Second Edition, Applied Science Publishers,

London.

Goodsall, C. J., 1994. Identifying Appropriate Energy Conservation Strategies for Buildings in Hong

Kong, MPhil Thesis, City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, May.

Goodsall, C. J. and Lam, J. C., 1991. Energy Efficiency in Buildings in Hong Kong: a Survey of

Existing Construction, Research Report BC/91/02, Department of Building &

Construction, City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, May.

Goulding, J. R., Lewis, J. O. and Steemers, T. C. (Edited by), 1992. Energy in Architecture — the

European Passive Solar Handbook, Batsford for the Commission of the European

Communities, London.

Haberl, J., MacDonald, M. and Eden, A., 1988. An overview of 3-D graphical analysis using

DOE-2 hourly simulation data, ASHRAE Transactions, 94 (Part 1): 212-226.

Hadley, D. L. and Halverson, M. A., 1993. Energy Conservation Potential of the U.S. Department

of Energy Interim Commercial Building Standards, PNL-7967, Pacific Northwest

Laboratory, December.

Hall, I. J., Prairie, R. R., Anderson, H. E. and Boes, E. C., 1978. Generation of a typical

meteorological year, Proc. of the 1978 Annual Meeting of the American Section of the

International Solar Energy Society, Denver, Colorado, 1978, pp. 669-671.

Hanby, V. I., 1992. HVAC system simulation — a design tool, Proc. of the One-day Symposium

on Energy Efficient Buildings (EEB), November 19, 1992, Sheraton Hotel, Hong Kong, pp.

5-1 to 5-10.

References 251

Hanby, V. I., 1987. Simulation of HVAC components and systems, Building Services

Engineering Research and Technology, 8 (1): 5-8.

Hanby, V. I. and Round, M., 1992. HVAC system simulation: use of condensed input data,

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology, 13 (1): 13-15.

Hanby, V. I. and Wright, J. A., 1989. HVAC optimisation studies: component modelling

methodology, Building Services Engineering Research and Technology, 10 (1): 35-39.

Hand, J. W., 1993. How to train users of simulation based thermal performance analysis

tools, Proc. of the Building Simulation ‘93 Conference, 16-18 August 1993, Adelaide,

Australia, pp. 39-45, International Building Performance Simulation Association.

Harrison, R., 1958. Air-conditioning at home and abroad, Journal of the Institution of Heating

and Ventilating Engineers, 26 (October 1958): 177-194.

Hartkopf, V., Loftness, V., Drake, P., Dubin, F., Mill, P. and Ziga, G., 1993. Designing the

Office of the Future: the Japanese Approach to Tomorrow Workplace, John Wiley & Sons,

New York.

Hartkopf, V., Loftness, V., Mill, P. and Siegel, M., 1992. Architectural and software for

interactive learning about total building performance: experience-based or occupancy

expert systems from occupants to facilities managers and designers, In Y. E. Kalay

(ed.), 1992, Evaluating and Predicting Design Performance, John Wiley & Sons, pp. 183-

193.

Heldenbrand, J. L. and Peterson, S. R., 1982. The reference building — one approach in the

evolution of building energy performance criteria for houses, ASHRAE Transactions, 88

(Part 1): 387-399.

Hensen, J. L. M., Clarke, J. A., Hand, J. W. and Strachan, P., 1993. Joining forces in building

energy simulation, Proc. of the Building Simulation ‘93 Conference, 16-18 August 1993,

Adelaide, Australia, pp. 17-23, International Building Performance Simulation

Association.

Hillman, M. and Bollard, A., 1985. Less Fuel More Jobs: the Promotion of Energy Conservation in

Buildings, Policy Studies Institute, London.

Hills, P., 1994. Household energy transition in Hong Kong, Energy, 19 (5): 517-528.

Hills, P., 1991. The Hong Kong energy economy: private interest and public neglect, Proc. of

the Energy Efficiency Symposium, 11-12 March 1991, Hong Kong, pp. 15-30, Hong Kong

Institution of Engineers.

Hirst, E., Fulkerson, W. and Carlsmith, R., 1981. The role of government action in improving

building energy efficiency, ASHRAE Journal, 23 (6): 25-28, June.

References 252

Hitchcock, R. J., 1991. Knowledge-based system design guide tools, ASHRAE Transactions, 97

(Part 2): 676-684.

Hitchin, E. R., Holmes, M. J., Hutt, B. C., Irving, S. and Nevrala, D., 1983. The CIBS example

weather year, Building Services Engineering Research and Technology, 4 (3): 119-124.

HKIA, 1992. HKIA Position Paper on Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) Control in

Buildings, Hong Kong Institute of Architects, June.

HKIE, 1992. HKIE Comments on the Proposed Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) Control for

Buildings in Hong Kong, (draft), Ad-hoc Committee for OTTV Control, Building

Services Division, The Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, October.

Holladay, W. L., 1973. Suggested revision of weather-data design temperatures, ASHRAE

Journal, 15 (9): 44-46, September.

Holladay, W. L., 1947. Determination of outside design temperatures: a suggested approach,

Heating, Piping and Air Conditioning, July 1947, pp. 117-122.

Holm, D., 1993. Building thermal analyses: what the industry needs: the architect

perspective, Building and Environment, 28 (4): 405-407.

Holmes, M. J., 1986. What a dynamic thermal model?, Building Services The CIBSE

Journal, 8 (3):27-29, March.

Holmes, M. and Adams, S., 1977. Coincidence of Dry and Wet Bulb Temperatures, BSRIA

Technical Note TN 2/77, Building Services Research and Information Association,

April.

Holmes, M. J. and Hitchin, E. R., 1978. An xample year” for the calculation of energy

demand in buildings, Building Services Engineer, 45 (10): 186-189, January.

Holtz, M., 1990. Electrical Energy Savings in Office Buildings, Document D17:1990, Swedish

Council for Building Research, Stockholm.

Holtz, M. J. and Wortman, D. N., 1989. A summary of building energy analysis and design

tool evaluation results from IEA task VIII, Proc. of the Building Simulation ‘89 Conference,



Hong Kong Government, 1995. Building (Energy Efficiency) Regulation, Legal Supplement No.

2 to the Hong Kong Government Gazette No. 16/1995, L.N. 144 of 1995, Friday, 21

April 1995.

Hong Kong Government, 1991. Building (Planning) Regulations, Laws of Hong Kong Chapter

123 Subsidiary Legislation, Laws Ordinance 1990 (up to date as of 1 July 1991).

References 253

Hong Kong Government, 1983. Holidays Ordinance, Laws of Hong Kong Chapter 149,

Revised Edition.

Hong Kong Government, 1982. The Schemes of Control, 15 October 1982.

ong Kong $ Directory”, (annual publication), 1979-94, Local Printing Press, Hong Kong.

Howarth, R. B. and Andersson, B., 1993. Market barriers to energy efficiency, Energy

Economics, 15 (4): 262-272, October.

Huang, J., Akbari, H., Rainer, L. and Ritschard, R., 1991. 481 Prototypical Commercial Buildings

for 20 Urban Market Areas (Technical Documentation of Building Loads Data Base Developed

for the GRI Cogeneration Market Assessment Model), GRI-90/0326, LBL-29798, Gas

Research Institute, April.

Hughes, M. R., 1989 (Editor). The AIRAH Handbook, The Australian Institute of Refrigeration,

Air Conditioning and Heating, Adelaide, February.

Hui, S. C. M., 1995. Changing holiday list in DOE-2, The User News, 16 (1): 5-13, Spring.

Hui, S. C. M. and Lam, J. C., 1992. Test reference year for comparative energy study, Hong

Kong Engineer, 20 (2): 13-16, February.

Hui, S. C. M. and Lam, J. C., 1991a. Overall thermal transfer value (OTTV) — a review, Hong

Kong Engineer, 19 (9): 26-32, September.

Hui, S. C. M. and Lam, J. C., 1991b. Building Energy Conservation in ASEAN Countries,

Research Report BC/91/04, Department of Building & Construction, City Polytechnic

of Hong Kong, July.

Hui, S. C. M. and Lam, J. C., 1991c. Overall Thermal Transfer Value and Its Implications to

Energy Conservation in Buildings in Hong Kong, Research Report BC/91/03, Department

of Building & Construction, City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, June.

IBPSA, 1993. IBPSA Strategic Plan, International Building Performance Simulation

Association, June.

International Energy Agency, 1992. The Role of IEA Governments in Energy, Organisation for

Economic Co-operation and Development/International Energy Agency, France.

International Energy Agency, 1990. R&D for the Future: a Strategy Plan for the Executive

Committee, D8: 1990, Swedish Council for Building Research, Stockholm, Sweden, May.

Iqbal, M., 1983. An Introduction to Solar Radiation, Academic Press Canada, Ontario.

Irving, S. J., 1989. BEPAC – Building Environmental Performance Analysis Club, Proc. of the

Building Simulation ‘89 Conference, June 23-24, 1989, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 1-4,

International Building Performance Simulation Association.

References 254

Irving, A. D., 1988. Validation of dynamic thermal models, Energy and Buildings, 10 (1988):

213-220.

Irving, S. J., 1982. Energy program validation: conclusions of IEA Annex I, Computer-Aided

Design, 14 (1): 33-38, January.

Isaacs, N., 1993. Thermal Efficiency in N.Z. Buildings, a Historical Overview, Centre for Building

Performance Research, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, July.

Isaacs, N., Baird, G., Sterios, P. and Rollo, J., 1993. BETARG2 Manual, Centre for Building

Performance Research, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand, October.

ISO, 1984. ISO 7730-1984: Moderate Thermal Environments — Determination of the PMV and PPD

Indices and Specification of the Conditions for Thermal Comfort, International Organization

for Standardization, Switzerland.

Iwamoto, K., 1992. Energy efficiency standards in Japan, Proc. of the International Energy

Conference on Use of Efficiency Standards in Energy Policy, Sophia-Antipolis, France, 4-5

June 1992, pp. 23-32, International Energy Agency, Paris.

Jackman, P. J., 1987. Specification of Indoor Environmental Performance of Buildings, BSRIA

Technical Note TN 3/87, Building Services Research and Information Association,

March.

Jamaica Bureau of Standards, 1992. Jamaica Energy Efficiency Building Code (EEBC-92):

Requirements for New Buildings, Additions and Retrofits Except Low-rise Residential

Buildings, Jamaica, October.

Jamieson, H. C., 1955. Meteorological data and design temperatures, Journal of the Institution

of Heating and Ventilating Engineers, 22 (March 1955): 465-513.

Janda, K. B. and Busch, J. F., 1994. Worldwide status of energy standards for buildings,

Energy, 19 (1): 27-44.

Janda, K. B. and Busch, J. F., 1993. Worldwide Status of Energy Standards for Buildings,

Appendices, LBL-33587, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, February.

Jensen, S. Ø., 1993a. Empirical whole model validation case study: the PASSYS reference wall,

Proc. of the Building Simulation ‘93 Conference, 16-18 August 1993, Adelaide, Australia,


Jensen, S. Ø., 1993b. Modelling Performance, Part of the draft PASSYS Final Report (pp. 4.1-

4.17), private communication, June.

Jensen, S. Ø. and Van de Perre, R., 1991. Tools for whole validation of building simulation

programs experience from the CEC concerted action PASSYS, Proc. of the Building

References 255

Simulation ‘91 Conference, August 20-22, 1991, Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France, pp. 547-


Johnson, J. A., 1993. Building Energy Standards Program List of Available Resources, Pacific

Northwest Laboratory, November 1993.

Joint Steering Committee, 1981. Report by the Joint Steering Committee on Energy Conservation in

Buildings in Hong Kong, (Chairman: E. N. Ludlow), Hong Kong.

Jones, J. W., 1983. Special project 41: development of recommendations to upgrade ASHRAE

Standard 90A-1980, nergy conservation in new building design”, ASHRAE Journal,

25 (10): 30-36, October.

JRP, 1991. Final Report on the Feasibility Study on Introduction of Overall Thermal Transfer Value

(OTTV) to Air Conditioned Buildings in Hong Kong, Volume I & II, J. Roger Preston &

Partners, August.

Judkoff, R. D., 1988. Validation of building energy analysis simulation programs at the Solar

Energy Research Institute, Energy and Buildings, 10 (1988): 221-239.

Judkoff, R., Wortman, D. and Burch, J., 1982. Empirical Validation of Building Energy Analysis

Simulation Programs: a Status Report, SERI/TP-254-1721, Solar Energy Research

Institute, September.

Kannan, K. S., 1989. Status of building energy conservation in Malaysia, Proc. of the ASEAN

Special Sessions of the ASHRAE Far East Conference on Air Conditioning in Hot Climates,

Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, October 26-28, 1989, pp. 25-36.

Kannan, K. S., 1987. Development of energy conservation requirements in Malaysian

buildings, Proc. of the Far East Conference on Air Conditioning in Hot Climates, September

3-5, 1987, Singapore, pp. 293-301.

Kaplan, M. and Caner, P., 1992. Guidelines for Energy Simulation of Commercial Buildings,

Bonneville Power Administration, March.

Keeble, E., 1990. Availability of UK Climatic Data for Use in Simulation, BEPAC Technical Note

90/1, Building Research Establishment, October.

Kellow, M., 1989. Kuwait approach to mandatory energy-conservation standards for

buildings, Energy, 14 (8): 491-502.

Kennington, J. and Monaghan, P. F., 1993. COMBINE: the HVAC-design prototype, Building

and Environment, 28 (4): 453-463.

Kerrisk, J. F., Schnurr, N. M., Moore, J. E. and Hunn, B. D., 1981. The custom weighting

factor method for thermal load calculations in the DOE-2 computer program, ASHRAE


References 256

Klein, S. A., 1976. A Design Procedure for Solar Heating Systems, PhD Thesis, University of

Wisconsin-Madison, May.

Knight, K. M., Klein, S. A. and Duffie, J. A., 1991. A methodology for the synthesis of hourly

weather data, Solar Energy, 46 (2): 109-120.

Korea Institute of Energy Research, 1994. Brief Korean Building Energy Performance Standards,

private communication, August. (in Korean)

Kowalczewski, J. J. and Cunliffe, D. W., 1967. Frequency charts of outside air conditions —

application to air conditioning, Australian Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating,

October 1967, pp. 22-37.

Kreider, J. F. and Haberl, J. S., 1994a. Predicting hourly building energy usage, ASHRAE

Journal, 36 (6): 72-81, June.

Kreider, J. F. and Haberl, J. S., 1994b. Predicting hourly building energy use: the great energy

predictor shootout — overview and discussion of results, ASHRAE Transactions, 100

(Part 2): 1104-1118.

Kusuda, T. and Achenbach, P. R., 1966. Coincident summer weather characteristics of six

selected cities in the United States, ASHRAE Journal, 8 (11): 34-42, November.

Lam, J. C., 1995. Building envelope loads and commercial sector electricity use in Hong

Kong, Energy, 20 (3): 189-194.

Lam, J. C., 1992a. Building energy performance targets, Proc. of the One-day Symposium on

Energy Efficient Buildings (EEB), November 19, 1992, Sheraton Hotel, Hong Kong, pp. 6-

1 to 6-9.

Lam, J. C., 1992b. Energy-efficient building strategy in HK should involve all, PACE, 38

(January 1992): 85-94.

Lam, J. C. and Hui, S. C. M., 1995a. Outdoor design conditions for HVAC system design and

energy estimation for buildings in Hong Kong, Energy and Buildings, 22 (1995): 25-43.

Lam, J. C. and Hui, S. C. M., 1995b, Computer Programs for Statistical Analysis of Weather Data,

Research Report BC/95/03, Department of Building and Construction, City University

of Hong Kong.

Lam, J. C. and Hui, S. C. M., 1995c, Computer Programs for Automated Computer Simulation

Using DOE-2 and BLAST, Research Report BC/95/04, Department of Building and

Construction, City University of Hong Kong.

Lam, J. C. and Hui, S. C. M., 1993. Computer simulation of energy performance of

commercial buildings in Hong Kong, Proc. of the Building Simulation ‘93 Conference, 16-

References 257

18 August 1993, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 129-135, International Building Performance

Simulation Association.

Lam, J. C., Hui, S. C. M. and Chan, A. L. S., 1993a. Overall thermal transfer value control of

building envelope design part 2 — OTTV parameters, Hong Kong Engineer, 21 (9): 40-44,

September.

Lam, J. C., Hui, S. C. M. and Chan, A. L. S., 1993b. Overall thermal transfer value control of

building envelope design part 1 — OTTV limits, Hong Kong Engineer, 21 (8): 27-31,

August.

Lam, J. C., Hui, S. C. M. and Yuen, K. S. Y., 1994. Overall thermal transfer value calculation

for buildings in Hong Kong, Australian Institute of Building Papers, 5 (1994): 145-156.

Lam, J. C., Hui, S. C. M. and Yuen, R. K. K., 1992. Typical weather year for building energy

simulation in Hong Kong, Hong Kong Meteorological Society Bulletin, 2 (1): 36-44.

Lam, J. C. and Li, D. H. W., 1994. Private communication.

Lam, J. C. and Li, D. H. W., 1993. Solar radiation measurements in Hong Kong, Architectural

Science: Past, Present and Future, Proc. of the Conference of the Australian and New Zealand

Architectural Science Association, University of Sydney, November 1993, pp. 217-221.

Lam, J. C. and Ng, A. K. W., 1994. Energy consumption in Hong Kong, Energy, 19 (11): 1157-

1164, 1994.

Lamberts, R., 1994. Building Energy Standards, Universidae Federal de Santa Catarina, Brasil,

Private e-mail communication, June.

Lang, S. and Huang, Y. J., 1993. Energy conservation standard for space heating in Chinese

urban residential buildings, Energy, 8 (8): 871-892.

Lau, S. Y., 1989. Global Solar Radiation in Hong Kong, Technical Note No. 81, Royal

Observatory, Hong Kong, September.

Lau, D. W. K., 1992. OTTV regulations: cooling the creative spirit, Building Journal Hongkong

China, June 1992, pp. 82-83.

LBL, 1995. DOE-2 Survey, Simulation Research Group, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory,

Berkeley, California, June 1, 1995.

LBL, 1993. Building Technologies Program 1992 Annual Report, LBL-33443, Lawrence Berkeley

Laboratory, Berkeley, California, June.

LBL, 1982. DOE-2 Engineers Manual (Version 2.1A), LBL-11353, Lawrence Berkeley

Laboratory, Berkeley, California, November.

References 258

LBL, 1981. DOE-2 Reference Manual (Version 2.1A), Part 1 and Part 2, LBL-8706, Rev. 2, Los

Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, May.

Lee, C. M., 1987. Energy Policy of Hong Kong: a Review, MSc Thesis, University of Hong Kong.

Leighton, D. J. and Pinney, A. A., 1990. A Set of Standard Office Descriptions for Use in

Modelling Studies, BEPAC Technical Note 90/5, Building Research Establishment,

October.

Lengyel, L., 1992. Energy efficiency standards in the European economies in transition, Proc.

of the International Energy Conference on Use of Efficiency Standards in Energy Policy,

Sophia-Antipolis, France, 4-5 June 1992, pp. 75-90, International Energy Agency, Paris.

Lentz, C., 1976a. ASHRAE Standard 90-75 — economic impact on selected industries and the

design profession, ASHRAE Journal, 18 (6): 33-38, June.

Lentz, C., 1976b. ASHRAE Standard 90-75 — potential impact on national energy demand,

ASHRAE Journal, 18 (5): 23-27, May.

Lentz, C., 1976c. ASHRAE Standard 90-75 — impact on building energy usage & economics,

ASHRAE Journal, 18 (4): 23-28, April.

Leslie, N. P., Aveta, G. A. and Sliwinski, B. J., 1986. Regression based process energy analysis

system, ASHRAE Transactions, 92 (Part 1A): 93-102.

Leung, C. T., 1980. The fluctuation of solar irradiance in Hong Kong, Solar Energy, 25 (1980):

485-494.

Leung, C. T. and Cheung, Y. L., 1979. A statistical study of solar radiation in Hong Kong,

Hong Kong Engineer, September 1979, pp. 27-30.

Leung, C. T. and Yan, S. K., 1981. An investigation of the hourly solar radiation

characteristics of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Engineer, May 1981, pp. 43-46.

Levine, M. D., 1988. ASEAN building energy conservation, In Energy Efficiency Strategies for

Thailand, the Needs and the Benefits, Report of a Conference held on March 4-6, 1988,

Pattaya, Thailand, pp. 167-179.

Levine, M. D., Busch, J. F. and Deringer, J. J., 1989. Overview of building energy

conservation activities in ASEAN, Proc. of the ASEAN Special Sessions of the ASHRAE Far


26-28, 1989, pp. 49-62.

Levine, M. D., Geller, H., Koomey, J., Nadel, S. and Price, L., 1992. Electricity End-use

Efficiency: Experience with Technologies, Markets, and Policies throughout the World,

American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy, March.

References 259

Levine, M. D., Koomey, J. G., Price, L., Geller, H. and Nadel, S., 1995. Electricity end-use

efficiency: experience with technologies, markets, and policies throughout the world,

Energy, 20 (1): 37-61.

Levine, M. D., Liu, F. and Sinton, J. E., 1992. China energy system: historical evolution,

current issues and prospects, Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 17 (1992):

405-435.

Levine, M. D. Meyers, S. P. and Wilbanks, T., 1991. Energy efficiency and developing

countries, Environmental Science and Technology, 25 (4): 584-589, April.

Lim, B. B. P., 1994. Development of Thermal Comfort Index for Singapore and Development of

Energy Conservation Regulations for Singapore, Internal Seminar, 16-17 June 1994, City

Polytechnic of Hong Kong.

Lim, B. B. P., 1982. Building regulations in energy conservation: the Singapore experience,

Proc. of the Energex 1982 Conference, Regina Saskatchewan, Canada, August 23-29, 1982,

pp. 625-632.

Lim, B. B. P. and Rao, K. R., 1988. Properties of glass and windows commonly used in the

tropics, In Control of the External Environment of Buildings, pp. 102-123, Edited by Bill B.

P. Lim, Singapore University Press, Singapore.

Lim. B. P. and Rao, S. P., 1979. Overall thermal transfer value (OTTV) — friend or foe?,

Singapore Institute of Architects Journal, No. 96, September/October 1979, pp. 17-23.

Litt, J., 1993. CADDET renewable energy technologies, CADDET Renewable Energy Newsletter,

Issue No. 1: July 1993, pp. 4-5.

Liu, F., Davis, W. B. and Levine, M. D., 1992. An Overview of Energy Supply and Demand in

China, LBL-32275, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, May.

Lo, T. T., Kwok, K. W., Lau, K. M. and Chu, C. Y., 1988. Correlation between energy for air-

conditioning and tall building design, Building Journal Hongkong China, July 1988, pp.

82-86.

Loewen, J. M. (Editor), 1992. ASEAN-USAID Building Energy Conservation Project, Final

Report, Volume III: Audits, LBL-32380 Vol. III, Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, June.

(Series Editors: M. D. Levine and J. F. Busch)

Loftness, V., 1982. Climate / Energy Graphics, World Climate Applications Programme, WCP-

30, World Meteorological Organization, September.

Loh. P. S., 1988. A notional building energy utilization index for Singapore, Journal of the

Institution of Engineers Singapore, 28 (2): 17-23, June.

References 260

Lohrding, R. K., 1973. Three Kolmogorov-Smirnov-type one-sample tests with improved

power properties, Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation, 2 (1973): 139-148.

Lomas, K. J., 1991. Dynamic thermal simulation models of buildings: new method for

empirical validation, Building Services Engineering Research and Technology, 12 (1): 25-37.

Lomas, K. J. and Eppel, H., 1992. Sensitivity analysis techniques for building thermal

simulation programs, Energy and Buildings, 19 (1992): 21-44.

Lorsch, H. G. (Principal Investigator), 1993. Air-conditioning System Design Manual, (prepared

by the ASHRAE 581-RP Project Team), American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and

Air-Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta.

Lund, H., 1991. The design reference year, Proc. of the Building Simulation ‘91 Conference,

August 20-22, 1991, Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France, pp. 600-606, International Building


Lund, H., 1985. Short Reference Years and Test Reference Years for EEC Countries: Final Report,

EUR 10208 EN, Thermal Insulation Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark,

April.

Lund, H. and Eidorff, S., 1980. Selection Methods for Production of Test Reference Years Final

Report, Short Version, Thermal Insulation Laboratory, Technical University of Denmark,

March.

MacRandal, D., 1988. Some trends in computing: the implications for simulation, Energy and

Buildings, 10 (1989): 249-258.

Mahone, D. E., Krishnamurti, S., Alereza, T. and Johnson, J. A., 1992. Nonresidential energy

standards confidence and sensitivity analysis, ASHRAE Transactions, 98 (Part 1): 627-

635.

Marion, W., 1994. Products from the National Solar Radiation Data Base, Paper submitted for

Solar 94, Annual American Solar Energy Society Conference, June 25-30, 1994, San Jose, CA,

6 pp. (from private communication, April 1994)

Marshall, H. E. and Petersen, S. R., 1979. Economics and the selection and development of

energy standards for buildings, Energy and Buildings, 2 (1979): 89-99.

Mason, M. D., 1993. Extension of available critical design conditions for AC load estimation,

Australian Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating, 47 (2): 33-38, February.

Mason, M. D. and Kingston, T. M., 1993. Let talk about the weather, Proc. of the Building

Simulation ‘93 Conference, 16-18 August 1993, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 487-494,


References 261

Mason, M. and Kingston, T., 1988. Does the 3pm January design conditions really work?,

Australian Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating, 42 (11): 36-47, November.

Mathews, E. H. and Richards, P. G., 1993. An efficient tool for future building design,

Building and Environment, 28 (4): 409-417.

Matko, D., Zupancic, B. and Karba, R., 1992. Simulation and Modelling of Continuous Systems,

A Case Study Approach, Prentice-Hall.

Matrosov, Yu A. and Butovsky, I. N., 1990. Methodology and principles involved in the

setting of codes on building heat engineering in the U.S.S.R., Energy and Buildings, 14

(1990): 401-409.

Matsui, K., 1994. Energy demand and supply in the Asia Pacific region: trend and outlook,

Energy in Japan, No. 127, May 1994, pp. 25-38.

Matsumoto, T., 1990. Report on energy consumption in office buildings (part 1), Journal of the

Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers of Japan, 64 (1): 7-11, January.

(in Japanese)

Matsuo, Y. H., Akasaka, H., Ishino, H. and Takizawa, H., 1972. Study of standard weather

data, Journal of the Society of Heating, Air-Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers Japan, 48

(7): 85-107. (in Japanese)

Matthysen, H. F. A., 1986. Energy consumption in large buildings — a South Africa survey,

S.A. Refrigeration and Airconditioning, November 1986, pp. 1-6.

Mayer, R., Degelman, L. O., Su, C. J., Keen, A., Griffith, P., Huang, J., Brown, D. and Kim, Y.

S., 1991. A knowledge-aided design system for energy-efficient buildings, ASHRAE


McDonald, R. O., 1984. Standard 90 — ASHRAE leads private-sector updating program,

ASHRAE Journal, 26 (10): 34-35, October.

McQuiston, F. C. and Spitler, J. D., 1992. Cooling and Heating Load Calculation Manual, Second

Edition, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers,

Atlanta.

Meier, A. K., Busch, J. and Conner, C. C., 1988. Testing the accuracy of a measurement-based

building energy model with synthetic data, Energy and Buildings, 12 (1988): 77-82.

METP, 1989. Guidelines for Energy Efficiency in Buildings, Ministry of Energy,

Telecommunications and Posts, Malaysia, December.

Millhone, J. P., 1992. The role of efficiency standards in the United States, Proc. of the

International Energy Conference on Use of Efficiency Standards in Energy Policy, Sophia-

Antipolis, France, 4-5 June 1992, pp. 15-22, International Energy Agency, Paris.

References 262

Milton, J. S. and Arnold, J. C., 1990. Introduction to Probability and Statistics: Principles and

Applications for Engineering and the Computer Sciences, Second Edition, McGraw-Hill,

Singapore.

Ministry of International Trade and Industry, 1993. Standards for Owner Evaluation

Regarding the Rationalization of Energy Use in Buildings for Office Use, Ministry of

International Trade and Industry/Ministry of Construction Notice No. 1, 29 July 1993,

Japan. (in Japanese)

Mitalas, G. P, 1972. Transfer function method of calculating cooling loads, heat extraction &

space temperature, ASHRAE Journal, 14 (12): 54-56, December.

Mitalas, G. P., 1965. An assessment of common assumptions in estimating cooling loads and

space temperatures, ASHRAE Transactions, 71 (Part 2): 72-80.

Mitalas, G. P. and Stephenson, D. G., 1967. Room thermal response factors, ASHRAE

Transactions, 73 (Part 2): III.2.1 - III.2.10, No. 2019.

Moller, S. K. and Wooldridge, M. J., 1985. User Guide for the Computer Program BUNYIP:

Building Energy Investigation Package (Version 2.0), Technical Report - TR6, Division of

Energy Technology, CSIRO, Victoria, Australia.

Monts, J. K. and Blissett, M., 1982. Assessing energy efficiency and energy conservation

potential among commercial buildings: a statistical approach, Energy, 7 (10): 861-869.

Morel, N. and Faist, A., 1993. Design tools for building thermal analysis: the significance of

integration, Building and Environment, 28 (4): 465-473.

Morse, F. H., 1990. Efficient Use of Electricity in the Swedish Commercial Building Sector,

D18:1990, Swedish Council for Building Research, Stockholm.

Moss, S. A., 1994. Energy Consumption in Public and Commercial Buildings, BRE Information

Paper IP 16/94, Building Research Establishment, October.

Nakahara, N., Shimanuki, T., Tatsuo, G. and Sagara, K., 1984. Investigation on energy

consumption of various kinds of buildings, Journal of the Society of Heating, Air-

Conditioning and Sanitary Engineers Japan, 58 (11): 57-67, November. (in Japanese)

Nall, D. H. and Crawley, D. B., 1983. Energy simulation in the building design process,

ASHRAE Journal, 25 (11): 28-32, November.

National Technology Supervision Bureau and Ministry of Construction, 1993. GB 50189-93,

Energy Conservation Design Standard on Buildings Envelope and Air Conditioning for Tourist

Hotels, (Chinese National Standards), Chinese Planning Publisher, Beijing, April. (in

Chinese)

References 263

NBE, 1979. Norma Bá sica de la Edificació n, NBE-CT-79: Condiciones Té rmicas en los

edificios, Direcció n General para la Vivienda y Arquitectura, Ministerio de Obras P

licas y Urbanismo, (Spanish Building Energy Code). (in Spanish)

NCC, 1981. Typical Meteorological Year User Manual, TD-9734, Hourly Solar Radiation —

Surface Meteorological Observations, National Climatic Center, Asheville, North

Carolina, May.

NCC, 1979. SOLMET Volume 2 — Final Report, TD-9724, Hourly Solar Radiation — Surface

Meteorological Observations, National Climatic Center, Asheville, North Carolina,

February.

NCC, 1978. SOLMET Volume I — User Manual, TD-9724, Hourly Solar Radiation — Surface

Meteorological Observations, National Climatic Center, Asheville, North Carolina,

August.

NCC, 1976. Test Reference Year (TRY) Tape Reference Manual, TD-9706, National Climatic

Center, Asheville, North Carolina, September.

NCSBCS, 1991. Energy Directory, 1991 Edition, National Conference of States on Building

Codes and Standards, Virginia.

Neave, H. R. and Worthington, P. L., 1988. Distribution-free Tests, Unwin Hyman.

Neelamkavil, F., 1987. Computer Simulation and Modelling, John Wiley & Sons.

Newcombe, K., 1975. Energy use in Hong Kong: part I, an overview, Urban Ecology, 1 (1975):

87-113.

Newton, D., James, R. and Bartholomew, D., 1988. Building energy simulation — a user

perspective, Energy and Buildings, 10 (1988): 241-247.

Norusis, M. J., 1993a. SPSS for Windows, Base System User Guide, Release 6.0, SPSS Inc.

Norusis, M. J., 1993b. SPSS for Windows, Advanced Statistics, Release 6.0, SPSS Inc.

NRCC, 1983. Measures for Energy Conservation in New Buildings, Second Edition, NRCC No.

22432, Associate Committee on the National Building Code, National Research Council

of Canada, Canada.

NSW Public Works, 1993. Building Energy Manual, New South Wales Government, Australia.

bjective-based codes”, NBC/NFC News, Issue No. 138, Winter 1995, pp. 3-4

Ohadi, M. M., Meyer, J. R. and Pollington, K. M., 1989. The applicability and limitations of a

simplified building energy analysis model (ASEAM2.1) — a comparison study, ASHRAE


References 264

Oleszkiewicz, I., 1993. The transition to a performance-based NBC, NBC/NFC News, Issue

No. 136, Fall 1993, pp. 2-3.

O alley, D., 1994. ASHRAE 90.1 and energy simulation software, (Technical), The

Canadian Architect, 39 (11): 32, November.

Owens, P. G. T., 1975. Energy budgeting, Building Services Engineer, 42 (March 1975): A20-

A21.

Page, J. K., Gibbons, C. J. and Lowe, R. J., 1985. The SERC meteorological database,

(Technical Note), Building Services Engineering Research and Technology, 6 (4): 176-178,.

Page, J. K. and Thompson, J. L., 1982. Planned further development of an integrated

climatological data system for building energy modelling, Computer-Aided Design, 14

(1): 11-14, January.

Palomo, E., Marco, J. and Madsen, H., 1991. Methods to compare measurements and

simulations, Proc. of the Building Simulation ‘91 Conference, August 20-22, 1991, Sophia-

Antipolis, Nice, France, pp. 570-577, International Building Performance Simulation

Association.

Papamichael, K. M. and Selkowitz, S. E., 1990. Modeling the building design process and

expertise, ASHRAE Transactions, 96 (Part 2): 481-489.

Patterson, N. R., 1980. Energy performance for new buildings (BEPS), ASHRAE Journal, 22

(1): 51-52, January.

Peach, J., 1976. Energy demand & consumption and establishing targets, Building Services

Engineer, 44 (November 1976): 191-193.

Peacock, J. E., 1978. Solar Data for Hong Kong, Technical Note No. 14, (Revised Edition), Royal

Observatory, Hong Kong, October.

Peacock, J. E. (Edited by), 1952. Hong Kong Meteorological Records and Climatological Notes, 60

Years 1884 - 1939, 1947 - 1950, Royal Observatory, Hong Kong.

Perry, J., Clark, C. and Baker, G., 1993. State of Oregon Energy Code Compliance Manual for

Commercial Buildings, Oregon Department of Energy, January (revised third printing).

Petherbridge, P., 1985. CIBSE Algorithm 2 — Solar Geometry, Chartered Institution of Building

Services Engineers, London, September.

Petrie, W. R. and McClintock, M., 1978. Determining typical weather for use in solar energy

simulations, Solar Energy, 21 (1978): 55-59.

Piette, M. A., Wall, L. W. and Gardiner, B. L., 1986. Measured performance, ASHRAE Journal,

28 (1): 72-78, January.

References 265

Pissimanis, D., Karras, G., Notaridou, V. and Gavra, K., 1988. The generation of a ypical

meteorological year” for the city of Athens, Solar Energy, 40 (5): 405-411.

PNL, 1983. Recommendations for Energy Conservation Standards and Guidelines for New

Commercial Buildings, Volume I: Test of the Recommendations, PNL-4870-1, Pacific

Northwest Laboratory, October.

Polish Committee for Standardization, 1994. Thermal Protection of Buildings: Requirements and

Calculations, Polish Standard PN-91/B-02020. (in Polish)

Property Division Finance Branch, 1990. An Energy Conservation Programme for Hong Kong

Buildings, (Pamphlet), Hong Kong, February.

Rabl, A., 1988. Parameter estimation in buildings: methods for dynamic analysis of measured

energy use, Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 110 (1988): 52-66, February.

Rabl, A. and Rialhe, A., 1992. Energy signature models for commercial buildings: test with

measured data and interpretation, Energy and Buildings, 19 (1992): 143-154.

Radford, A. D., 1993. A view of building performance simulation, Proc. of the Building

Simulation ‘93 Conference, 16-18 August 1993, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 1-7, International

Building Performance Simulation Association.

Reed, S., 1991. The use & misuse of energy in Hong Kong — environmental implications, Proc.

of the Energy Efficiency Symposium, 11-12 March 1991, Hong Kong, pp. 1-14, Hong Kong


Reeves, G. A., Robart, C. P. and Stamper, E., 1976. Crosschecking energy analysis procedures

and standardizing weather input, ASHRAE Transactions, 82 (Part 1): 323-331.

Richter, H. P., 1984. Verifying the reliability of engineering software, Computers in Mechanical

Engineering, 2 (4): 53-56, January.

RICS, 1993. Energy Appraisal of Existing Buildings — a Handbook for Surveyors, (Energy

Efficiency in Buildings), The Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors, February.

Roaf, S. and Hancock, M. (Edited by), 1992. Energy Efficient Building: a Design Guide,

Blackwell Scientific Publications.

Roberts, J. F., 1966. Development and analysis of design curves from weather data for air-

conditioning studies, ASHRAE Journal, 8 (12): 50-53, December.

Rode, C., 1993. COMBINE: Computer Models for the Building Industry in Europe, private

communication, August.

ROHK, 1987-1992. Surface Observations in Hong Kong, (yearly publications), Royal

Observatory Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

References 266

ROHK, 1963. Hong Kong Meteorological Records for the 72 years 1884 - 1939, 1947 - 1962,

(Supplement to R.O.T.M. 5), Royal Observatory, Hong Kong.

ROHK, 1947-1986. Meteorological Results Part I — Surface Observations, (yearly publications),

Royal Observatory Hong Kong, Hong Kong.

Romine, T. B., 1992. Cooling load calculation: art or science?, ASHRAE Journal, 34 (1): 14-24,

January.

Roper, K. R., 1991. Overall Thermal Transfer Value — Hong Kong, private communication,

January.

Roper, K. R. and Lam, J. C., 1991. Energy conservation in buildings, Proc. of the Energy

Efficiency Symposium, 11-12 March 1991, Hong Kong, pp. 169-184, Hong Kong


Rosenfeld, A. H. and Hafemeister, D., 1988. Energy-efficient buildings, Scientific American,

258 (4): 58-63.

Rossouw, P. A., 1994. Building Energy Standards in South Africa, private communication,

September.

Rousseau, P. G. and Mathews, E. H., 1993. Needs and trends in integrated building and

HVAC thermal design tools, Building and Environment, 28 (4): 439-452.

Rubin, E. S., 1973. A new application of building energy analysis programs, ASHRAE Journal,

15 (2): 46-51, February.

Said, S. A. M. and Kadry, H. M., 1994. Generation of representative weather-year data for

Saudi Arabia, Applied Energy, 48 (1994): 131-136.

Sander, D. M. and Cornick, S. M., 1994. Trade-off Compliance for Buildings: Specifications for

Calculation Procedures for Demonstrating Compliance to the National Energy Code for

Buildings Using Trade-offs, Draft 4 (For Public Review), Canadian Commission on

Building and Fire Codes, National Research Council Canada, March.

Santamouris, M., Argiriou, A., Dascalaki, E., Balaras, C and Gaglia, A., 1994. Energy

characteristics and savings potential in office buildings, Solar Energy, 52 (1): 59-66.

Santamouris, M., Dascalaki, E., Argiriou, A., Balaras, C. A. and Gaglia, A., 1993. Energy

consumption and the potential for energy conservation and the use of alternative

energy sources in office buildings, Proc. of ISES ‘93, Vol. 7, pp. 289-294, Budapest, 23-27

August 1993, International Solar Energy Society.

SANZ, 1982. New Zealand Standard NZS 4220: 1982, Code of Practice for Energy Conservation in

Non-residential Buildings, Standard Association of New Zealand, August.

References 267

Schipper, L., 1983. Energy efficiency and conservation in buildings: the use of indicators,

Energy, 8 (1): 7-14.

Seth, D., 1989a. Advances in building simulation, Proc. of the Building Simulation ‘89

Conference, June 23-24, 1989, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 240-247, International


Seth, D., 1989b. Discussion paper on IEA Annex XXI calculation of energy and

environmental performance of buildings, Proc. of the Building Simulation ‘89 Conference,



Sham, P., 1964. Total Solar and Sky Radiation in Hong Kong, Technical Note No. 22, Royal

Observatory, Hong Kong, May.

Shillinglaw, J. A. and Chen, K. T., 1987. Overall thermal transfer value — skin-deep

quantifying of energy gain and conservation, Building Journal Hongkong China, April

1987, pp. 84-93.

Shillinglaw, A., 1981. Alternatives in thermal legislation, Asian Architect and Builder, October

1981, pp. 68-70.

SII, 1994. Israel Standard SI 1045 Part 2, Thermal Insulation of Buildings: Schools and

Kindergartens, Standards Institution of Israel. (in Hebrew)

SII, 1993. Israel Standard SI 1045 Part 1, Thermal Insulation of Buildings: Residential Building,

Standards Institution of Israel. (in Hebrew)

SISIR, 1983. Singapore Standard CP24 Part 2: 1983, Code of Practice for Energy Conservation in

Building Services, Part 2: Ventilation and Air-conditioning Systems, Singapore Institute of

Standards and Industrial Research, Singapore.

SISIR, 1982a. Singapore Standard CP24 Part 1: 1982, Code of Practice for Energy Conservation in

Building Services, Part 1: Coefficient of Performance of Air-conditioning Equipment,

Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research, Singapore.

SISIR, 1982b. Singapore Standard CP24 Part 3: 1982, Code of Practice for Energy Conservation in

Building Services, Part 3: Procedure for the Determination of a Lighting Power Budget,

Singapore Institute of Standards and Industrial Research, Singapore.

Siurna, D. L., D ndrea, L. J. and Hollands, K. G. T., 1984. A Canadian representative

meteorological year for solar system simulation, Proc. of the 10th Annual Conference of the

Solar Energy Society of Canada (SESCI), August 2-6, 1994, Calgary, Alberta, pp. 85-88.

References 268

Skartveit, A., Lund, H. and Olseth, J. A., 1992. The Design reference year, Recent

Advancements in Solar Radiation Resource Assessment, Seminar, Denver, Colorado,

November 16-19, 1992.

Sowell, E. F., Buhl, W. F. and Nataf, J. M., 1989. Object-oriented programming, equation-

based submodels, and system reduction in SPANK, Proc. of the Building Simulation ‘89

Conference, June 23-24, 1989, Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 141-146, International


Spielvogel, L. G., 1982. Office building energy use, ASHRAE Journal, 24 (11): 25-31,

November.

Spielvogel, L. G., 1980. Energy performance data, ASHRAE Journal, 22 (1): 46-50, January.

Spielvogel, L. G., 1978. Comparison of energy analysis programs, ASHRAE Journal, 20 (1): 45-

47, January.

Spielvogel, L. G., Orlando, J. A. and Hayes, P., 1978. Feasibility of an energy index for office

buildings, ASHRAE Transactions, 84 (Part 1): 310-324.

Spielvogel, L. G., 1977. Comparisons of energy analysis computer programs, ASHRAE


Spielvogel, L. G., 1975. Computer energy analysis for existing buildings, ASHRAE Journal, 17

(8): 40-41, August.

Spitler, J., Fisher, D. and Zietlow, D. C., 1989. A primer on the use of influence coefficients in

building simulation, Proc. of the Building Simulation ‘89 Conference, June 23-24, 1989,

Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 299-304, International Building Performance Simulation

Association.

SRC Australia Pty Ltd, 1993a. Development of Commercial Building Energy Code: National

Stringency Analysis, (draft for discussion), Department of Energy and Minerals,

Australia, August.

SRC Australia Pty Ltd, 1993b. Development of Commercial Building Energy Code: Code Structure

Issues Analysis Paper, (draft for discussion), Department of Energy and Minerals,

Australia, August.

SRC Australia Pty Ltd, 1993c. Development of Commercial Building Energy Code: National Impact

Study, (draft for discussion), Department of Energy and Minerals, Australia, August.

Stamper, E., 1977. Weather data, ASHRAE Journal, 19 (2): 47, February.

Standards Association of Australia, 1990. Australian Standard AS 3598-1990, Energy

Management Programs — Guidelines for the Preparation of an Energy Audit Brief, Sydney.

References 269

Standards Association of Australia, 1984. Australian Standard AS 2725-1984, Guidelines for

Reporting Energy Use as Part of the Energy Audit, Sydney.

State of Florida, 1993. 1993 Energy Efficiency Code for Building Construction, Department of

Community Affairs, Energy Code Program, State of Florida, Florida.

Stephenson, D. G., 1968. Calculation of cooling load by digital computer, ASHRAE Journal, 10

(4): 41-43, April.

Stephenson, D. G. and Mitalas, G. P., 1971. Calculation of heat conduction transfer functions

for multi-layer slabs, ASHRAE Transactions, 77 (Part 2): 117-126.

Stephenson, D. G and Mitalas, G. P., 1967. Cooling load calculations by thermal response

factor method, ASHRAE Transactions, 73 (Part 2): III.1.1 - III.1.7., No. 2018.

Stern, P. C., Aronson, E. , Darley, J. M., Kempton, W., Hill, D. H., Hirst, E. and Wilbanks, T.

J., 1987. Answering behavioral questions about energy efficiency in buildings, Energy,

12 (5): 339-353.

Stine, W. B. and Harrigan, R. W., 1985. Solar Energy Fundamentals and Design: with Computer

Applications, John Wiley & Sons.

Stoecker, W. F., 1989. Design of Thermal Systems, Third Edition, McGraw-Hill, Singapore.

Stones, W., 1991. Foreword projection of electricity demand in Kowloon and the New

Territories and CLP contribution to energy conservation, Proc. of the Energy

Efficiency Symposium, 11-12 March 1991, Hong Kong, pp. 103-111, Hong Kong


Stones, W. F., 1988. Hong Kong energy scene, Hong Kong Engineer, 16 (12): 30-33, December.

Strachan, P. A., 1993. Procedures for scaling and replication by simulation, Proc. of the

Building Simulation ‘93 Conference, 16-18 August 1993, Adelaide, Australia, pp. 343-349,


Sud, I. and Kusuda, T., 1982. The proposed TC 4.7 simplified energy analysis procedure,

ASHRAE Transactions, 88 (Part 2): 263-277.

Sullivan, R., Nozari, S., Johnson, R. and Selkowitz, S., 1985. Commercial building energy

performance analysis using multiple regression, ASHRAE Transactions, 91 (Part 2A):

337-353.

Sullivan, R. T. and Nozaki, S. A., 1984. Multiple regression techniques applied to fenestration

effects on commercial building energy performance, ASHRAE Transactions, 90 (Part

1A): 116-123.

Swinton, M. C. and Sander, D. M., 1994. Trade-off Compliance for Houses: Specifications for

Calculation Procedures for Demonstrating Compliance to the National Energy Code for

References 270

Buildings Using Trade-offs, Draft 4 (For Public Review), Canadian Commission on

Building and Fire Codes, National Research Council Canada, Canada, March.

Taylor, R. D., Pedersen, C. O., Fisher, D., Liesen, R. and Lawrie, L., 1991. Impact of

simultaneous simulation of buildings and mechanical systems in heat balance based

energy analysis programs on system response and control, Proc. of the Building

Simulation ‘91 Conference, August 20-22, 1991, Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France, pp. 227-


Thom, H. C. S., 1960. A rational method of determining summer weather design data,

ASHRAE Transactions, 66 (1960): 248-263.

Thom, H. C. S., 1957. Revised winter outside design temperatures, ASHAE Transactions, 63

(1957): 111-128.

Thomas, M. K., 1955. A method for determining winter design temperatures, Heating, Piping

and Air Conditioning, 27 (5): 155-158, May.

Thomas, P. C. and Prasad, D. K., 1995. Building energy efficiency standards for Australia — a

wish list, Australian Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Heating, 49 (8): 20-23, August.

Trane Company, 1992a. TRACE 600 Engineering Manual, TRCE-UM-602, January.

Trane Company, 1992b. TRACE 600 User Manual, TRCE-UM-601, January.

Trethowen, H. A., 1982. Energy conservation in non-residential buildings, Standards, 28 (6):

18-19, June.

TRNSYS, 1988. TRNSYS: a Transient System Simulation Program, (version 12.2), Engineering

Experiment Station Report 38-12, Solar Energy Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-

Madison.

Tse, V., Chan, K. T., Chan, T. K., Cheung, K. P., Dunn, A., Lau, K. M., Lo, T. T., Mui, D., So,

A., Tang, M. and Tao, E., 1993. OTTV control: building services division comments,

Hong Kong Engineer, 21 (1): 9-10, January.

Turiel, I., Boschen, R., Seedall, M. and Levine, M., 1984. Simplified energy analysis

methodology for commercial buildings, Energy and Buildings, 6 (1984): 67-83.

Turiel, I., Craig, P., Levine, M., McMahon, J., Mc-Collister, G., Hesterberg, B. and Robinson,

M., 1987, Estimation of energy intensity by end-use for commercial buildings, Energy,

12 (6): 435-446.

Turiel, I., Curtis, R. and Levine, M. D., 1985, Analysis of energy conservation standards for

Singapore office buildings, Energy, 10 (1): 95-107.

U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, 1992. Building Energy Efficiency, OTA-E-518,

U.S. Government Printing Office, May.

References 271

USDOE, 1992. Draft energy conservation interim voluntary performance standards for new

non-federal residential buildings; request for public comments and announcement of

public hearings, Federal Register, 57 (169), Monday, August 31, 1992, pp. 39423-39483.

USDOE, 1991. ACRES 1.2, User Guide (Automated Compliance for Residential Energy

Standards), DOE/CE-0345, Office of Buildings and Community Systems, U.S.

Department of Energy, November.

USDOE, 1989a. ARES 1.2, User Guide (Automated Residential Energy Standard), DOE/CE-

0274, Volume 1 of 7, Office of Buildings and Community Systems, U.S. Department of

Energy, September.

USDOE, 1989b. Energy conservation voluntary performance standards for commercial and

multi-family high rise residential buildings; mandatory for new federal buildings, 10

CFR Part 435, Federal Register, 54 (18), Monday, January 30, 1989, pp. 4537-4720.

USDOE, 1987. Energy conservation voluntary performance standards for new commercial

and multi-family high rise residential buildings, 10 CFR Part 435, Federal Register, 52

(87), Wednesday, May 6, 1987, pp. 17501-17226.

USDOE, 1984. DOE-2: Comparison with Measured Data Design and Operational Energy Studies in

a New High-rise Office Building — Vol. 5, DOE/CS/20271—5, U.S. Department of Energy,

March.

USDOE, 1979. Energy performance standards for new buildings: proposed rulemaking and

public hearings, 10 CFR Part 435, Federal Register, 44 (230), Wednesday, November 28,

1979, Proposed Rules, pp. 68120-61181.

U.S. Government, 1992. Energy Policy Act of 1992, Public Law 102-486 [H.R. 776]; October

24, 1992, United States Code Congressional and Administrative News, 102nd Congress —

Second Session 1992, Volume 2, West Publishing Co., 1993.

Van Straaten, J. F., 1967. Thermal Performance of Buildings, (Architectural Science Series),

Elsevier Publishing Company, England.

Walsh, P. J., 1993. Energy efficiency in buildings: national initiatives, Seminar Notes of the

Standard Australia Forum, Thermal Efficiency in Buildings, 1 July 1993 (8 p.).

Wang, S. K., 1993. Handbook of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, McGraw-Hill, New York.

Wang, S. K., 1987. Air-Conditioning, Volume 3, (Evening Programme Development Series),

Education Technology Unit, Hong Kong Polytechnic, Hong Kong.

Warren, A., 1991. The role of government in promoting energy efficiency in the 1990 : a

European viewpoint, Proc. of the Energy Efficiency Symposium, 11-12 March 1991, Hong

Kong, pp. 82-99, Hong Kong Institution of Engineers.

References 272

Watson, D. and Labs, K., 1983. Climatic Design: Energy-efficient Building Principles and

Practices, McGraw-Hill.

Weaver, R. S., Goins, L. F. and Love, P. M., 1989. Buildings Energy Research, a Bibliography

Update, ORNL/CON-292, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, December.

Weiss, P. and Brown, M., 1989. Comparing building energy analysis software, Home Energy,

6 (5): 13-18, September/October.

Wickham, F. (Editor-in-Chief), 1985. User Guide for the APEC Energy Simulation, Mechanical

Engineering Services Design Aids No. DA12, Australian Government Publishing

Service, Canberra.

Wickham, F. (Editor-in-Chief), 1982. Air Conditioning Systems — Design Temperature Data,

Mechanical Engineering Services Design Aids, No. DA9a (Supplement to DA9),

Australian Construction Services in association with the AIRAH, Commonwealth of

Australia.

Wilcox, B. A., 1991. Development of the envelope load equation for ASHRAE Standard 90.1,

ASHRAE Transactions, 97 (Part 2): 913-927.

Williams, A. F. (Edited by), 1992. Software Applications and Directory for Energy Analysis,

Fairmont Press, Lilburn, GA.

Williams, L., 1962. Are present recommended winter outdoor design temperatures valid?,

ASHRAE Journal, 4 (6): 89-94.

Wiltshire, T. J. and Wright, A. J., 1988. Advances in building energy simulation in the U.K. —

the science and engineering research council programme, Energy and Buildings, 10

(1988): 175-183.

Winkelmann, F. C., Birdsall, B. E., Buhl, W. F., Ellington, K. L., Erdem, A. E., Hirsch, J. J. and

Gates, S., 1993. DOE-2 Supplement, Version 2.1E, LBL-34947, Lawrence Berkeley

Laboratory, November.

Winkelmann, F., 1988. Advances in building energy simulation in North America, Energy and

Buildings, 10 (1988): 161-173.

Wirtshafter, R. M., 1988. Energy-conservation standards for buildings in China, Energy, 13 (3):

265-274.

Witte, M. J., Pedersen, C. O. and Spitler, J. D., 1989. Techniques for simultaneous simulation

of buildings and mechanical systems in heat balance based energy analysis programs,

Proc. of the Building Simulation ‘89 Conference, June 23-24, 1989, Vancouver, BC, Canada,


References 273

Wong, S. P. W., 1990. Does Hong Kong need an energy policy?, Hong Kong Engineer, 18 (10):

10, October.

Wong, S. Y., 1981. Energy conservation: architecture & air conditioning, Asian Architect and

Builder, March 1981, pp. 47-49.

Wong, W. L. and Ngan, K. H., 1993. Selection of an xample weather year” for Hong

Kong, (Technical Note), Energy and Buildings, 19 (1993): 313-316.

Wong, Y. W., 1988. Energy performance of office building in Singapore, ASHRAE


Woodroffe, B. J. C., 1993. Hong Kong Property Review 1993, Rating and Valuation Department,

Hong Kong, March.

Wortman, D., O oherty, B. and Judkoff, R., 1981. An Overview of Validation Procedures for

Building Energy Analysis Simulation Codes, SERI Conference Paper 3786, Task 1053.001,

Solar Energy Research Institute, March.

Wright, A. J., Bloomfield, D. and Wiltshire, T. J., 1992. Building simulation and building

representation: overview of current developments, Building Services Engineering

Research and Technology, 13 (1): 1-11.

WSL, 1992. User Manual: Engineering Data Sets of Hourly Weather Observations in WYEC2

Format (WYEC2 Files) and Canadian Weather for Energy Calculations (CWEC Files),

Watsun Simulation Laboratory, University of Waterloo, Ontario, October 20, 1992.

(computer text file)

Wutka, T. P., Bryan, H. J., McKay, H. N., Deringer, J. J. and Taylor, S. J., 1990. An overview

of standard 90.1, ASHRAE Journal, 32 (2): 26-35, February.

Yang, K. H. and Hwang, R. L., 1993. The analysis of design strategies on building energy

conservation in Taiwan, Building and Environment, 28 (4): 429-438.

Yip, P. C. and Hui, S. C. M., 1991. Selection of heat rejection methods for air conditioning

systems in Hong Kong, Proc. of the CIBSE National Conference 1991, University of Kent,

Canterbury, 7-9 April 1991, pp. 73-89.

Yuill, G. K., 1986. The BLAST verification, ASHRAE Journal, 28 (1): 62-70, January.

Yuill, G. K. and Philips, E. G., 1981. Comparison of BLAST program predictions with the

energy consumptions of two buildings, ASHRAE Transactions, 87 (Part 1): 1200-1206.

REFERENCES - ibse.hk

Documents