Page 1
References
Adhikari, B.S., Dhaila, S. and Rawat, Y.S. 1996. Density-Diameter (D-D) distribution
curve under exposed and unexposed areas at and around Nainital, central
Himalaya. Indian Forester, 122(6): 520-522.
Agni, T., Pandit, A., Pant, K. and Tewari, A. 2000. Analysis of tree vegetation in the
Tarai-Bhabhar tract of Kumaun central Himalaya. Indian Journal of Forestry,
23(3): 252-261.
Ahuja, P.S. and Negi, H.R. 2002. Himachal Pradesh technology, industry and
biodiversity strategy and action plan. IHBT, Library Accession No. AR-468 (C-1,
2), Palampur, H.P. 21p.
Airi, S., Rawal, R.S., Dhar, U. and Purohit, A.N. 1997. Population studies on
Podophyllum hexandrum Royle - a dwindling, medicinal plant of the Himalaya.
Plant Genetic Resource Newsletter, 110:29-34.
Airi, S., Rawal, R.S., Dhar, U. and Purohit, A.N. 2000. Assessment on availability and
habitat preference of Jatamansi – a critically endangered medicinal plant of west
Himalaya. Current Science, 79(10): 1467-1471.
Aitchison. 1864-89. Flora of the Himalaya with Special Reference to Kumaon, Garhwal
and Part of Tibet. Cosmo Publications, New Delhi.
Anonymous. 1948-1976. The Wealth of India - Raw Materials. Vols. 1-11. Council of
Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi.
Anonymous. 1994. Seabuckthorn (Hippophae L.) for socio-eco-economic rehabilitation
of cold desert. Consultation meeting report, State Council for Science,
Technology and Environment, Shimla and Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of
Horticulture and Forestry, Solan, Himachal Pradesh.
Anonymous. 2003. Threat Assessment and Management Prioritization of Selected
Page 2
194
Medicinal Plants of West Himalayan States. Foundation for Revitalization of
Local Health Traditions (FRLHT), Bangalore.
Aswal, B.S. and Mehrotra, B.N. 1994. Flora of Lahaul-Spiti. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal
Singh, Dehradun.
Austrheim, G. 2002. Plant diversity pattern in semi natural grasslands along an elevation
gradient on southern Norway. Plant Ecology, 161: 193-205.
Awasthi, A., Uniyal, S.K. and Rawat, G.S. 2003. Status and extraction patterns of
Jurinea dolomiaea Boiss. (dhoop) in an alpine meadow of Kumaon Himalaya
(Uttaranchal). Indian Forester, 129 (5): 589-595.
Ayensu, Claasen, R.D., Collins, M., Dearing, A., Fresco, L., Gadgil, M., Gitay, H.,
Glaser, G., Juma, C., Krebs, J., Lenton, R., Lubchenco, J., McNeely, J.A.,
Mooney, H.A., Pinstrup-Andersen, P., Ramos, M., Raven, P., Reid, W.V.,
Samper, C., Sarukhan, J., Schei, P., Tundisi, J.G., Watson, R.T., Guanhua, X. and
Zakri, A.H. 1999. International ecosystem assessment. Science, 286: 685-686.
Ayyanar, M.S. and Ignacimuthu, S. 2005. Traditional knowledge of Kani tribals in
Kouthalai of Tirunelveli hills, Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,
102: 246–255.
Ayyappan, N. and Parthasarathy, N. 1999. Biodiversity inventory of trees in a large scale
permanent plot of tropical evergreen forest at Varagalaiar, Anamalais, Western
Ghats, India. Biodiversity and Conservation, 8: 1533-1554.
Badola, H.K. and Pal, M. 2002. Endangered medicinal plant species in Himachal
Pradesh. Current Science, 83 (7): 797-798.
Badola, H.K. and Pal, M. 2003. Threatened medicinal plants and their conservation in
Himachal Himalayas. Indian Forester, 129(1): 55-68.
Badola, R. and Hussain, S.A. 2003. Conflict in paradise: women and protected areas in
the Indian Himalayas. Mountain Research and Development, 23(3): 234-237.
Page 3
195
Baduni, N.P. and Sharma, C.M. 1996. Effect of aspect on the structure of some natural
stands of Quercus semecarpifolia in Himalayan moist temperate forest. Indian
Journal of Forestry, 19(4): 335-341.
Ballabh, B. and Chaurasia, O.P. 2007. Traditional medicinal plants of cold desert
Ladakh-used in treatment of cold, cough and fever. Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, 112: 341–349.
Balodi, B. and Singh, D.K. 1997. Medico-ethnobotany of Ladakh. Annals of Forestry, 5:
189-197.
Bankoti, N.S., Rawal, R.S., Samant, S.S. and Pangtey, Y.P.S. 1992. Forest vegetation in
inner hill ranges in Kumaun, central Himalaya. Tropical Ecology, 37(1): 41-53.
Behera, M.D., Kushwaha, S.P.S., Roy, P.S., Singh, T.P. and Dubey, R.C. 2002.
Comparing structure and composition of coniferous forests in Subansiri district,
Arunachal Pradesh. Current Science, 82 (1): 70-76.
Behera, S.K. and Misra, M.K. 2005. Indigenous phytotherapy for genito-urinary diseases
used by the Kandha tribe of Orissa, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 102:
319–325.
Berkes, F., Kislalioglu, M., Folke, C. and Gadgil, M. 1998. Exploring the basic
ecological unit: ecosystem-like concepts in traditional societies. Ecosystems, 1:
409-415.
Bhandari, B.S. 2003. Blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) forest stands of Garhwal Himalaya:
composition, population structure and diversity. Journal of Tropical Forest
Science, 15(1): 26-36.
Bhandari, B.S., Mehta, J.P. and Tiwari, S.C. 1998. Woody vegetation structure along an
altitudinal gradient in a part of Garhwal Himalaya. Journal of Hill Research,
11(1): 26-31.
Page 4
196
Bhandari, B.S., Mehta, J.P. and Tiwari, S.C. 2000. Dominance and diversity relations of
woody vegetation structure along an altitudinal gradient in a montane forest of
Garhwal Himalaya. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 12(1): 49-61.
Bhandary, M.J., Chandrashekar, K.R. and Kaveriappa, K.M. 1995. Medical ethnobotany
of the Siddis of Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka, India. Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, 47: 149-158.
Bhatt, A., Joshi, S.K. and Gairola, S. 2005. Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo – a west
Himalayan orchid in peril. Current Science, 89(4): 610-612.
Bhatt, A., Rawal, R.S. and Dhar, U. 2006. Ecological features of a critically rare
medicinal plant, Swertia chirayita, in Himalaya. Plant Species Biology, 21:49–52.
Bhatt, A., Sharma, C.M. and Khanduri, V.P. 2002. Growing stock variations in different
Cedrus deodara forests of Garhwal Himalaya. Indian Forester, 128 (8): 903-916.
Bhatt, V.P. and Negi, G.C.S. 2006. Ethno medicinal plant resources of Jaunsari tribe of
Garhwal Himalaya, Uttaranchal. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 5(3):
331-335.
Bhattarai, K.R. and Veetas, O.R. 2003. Variation in plant species richness of different life
forms along a subtropical elevation gradient in the Himalayas, east Nepal. Global
Ecology and Biogeography, 12: 327-340.
Bhattarai, K.R. and Vetaas, O.R. 2006. Can Rapoport’s rule explain tree species richness
along the Himalayan elevation gradient, Nepal? Diversity and Distributions, 12:
373–378.
Bir, S.S. 2004. Plant diversity in India: rich heritage, present status and conservation. In:
Dargan, J.S. and Sarma, T.A. (eds.). Plant Diversity in India. pp. 27-62. Bishen
Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun.
Page 5
197
Bisht, A.K., Bhatt, A., Rawal, R.S. and Dhar, U. 2006. Prioritization and conservation of
Himalayan medicinal plants: Angelica glauca Edgew. a case study. Ethnobotany
Research and Applications, 4: 11-23.
Bisht, S. and Lodhiyal, L.S. 2005. Various aspects of soils and tree layer vegetation
analysis in reserve forests of Kumaon in central Himalaya. Indian Journal of
Forestry, 28(1): 37-50.
Biswas, S. 1988. Rare and threatened taxa in the forest flora of Tehri Garhwal Himalaya
and the strategy for their conservation. Indian Journal of Forestry, 11(3): 233-237.
Blangy, S. and Mehta, H. 2006. Ecotourism and ecological restoration. Journal of Nature
Conservation, 14:233 - 236.
Botanical Survey of India (BSI). 1983. Flora and Vegetation of India - An Outline.
Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta. 24 p.
Brandis, D. 1921. Indian Trees. Constable and Company Ltd. London.
Brij Lal and Dube, V.P. 1984. Ethnobotanical studies on Grewia optiva Drum. ex Berret
among the Jaunsaris and the people of the adjoining areas of Tehri Garhwal, Uttar
Pradesh. Himalayan Research and Development, 3: 6-8.
Brij Lal, Ahuja, P.S. and Gupta, A.K. 2001. Application of Seabuckthorn in Amchi
System of Medicine. In: Singh. V. and Khosla, P.K. (eds.). Proceedings of
International Workshop on Seabuckthorn. pp. 239-242. New Delhi
Brij Lal, Negi, H.R., Singh, R.D. and Ahuja, P.S. 2004. Medicinal uses of Dactylorhiza
hatagirea among the natives of higher altitudes in western Himalaya. Journal of
Orchid Society of India, 18(1-2): 97-100.
Buondonno, A., Coppola, E., Felleca, D. and Violante, P. 1992. Comparing tests for soil
fertility: 1. conversion equations between Olsen and Mehlich 3 as phosphorus
extractants for 120 soils of south Italy. Communications in Soil Science and Plant
Analysis, 23(7&8): 699-716.
Page 6
198
Census of India. 1991. District Census Hand Book - Lahul and Spiti. Directorate of
Census Operations, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh.
Champion, H.G. and Seth, S.K. 1968. A Reviewed Survey of the Forest Types of India.
Manager of Publications, New Delhi.
Chandola, S. 2005. Some rare and imperfectly known medicinal plant species of
Uttaranchal. Indian Forester, 131(3): 341-345.
Chandrasekar, K. and Srivastava, S.K. 2005. Traditional uses of plants in curing jaundice
in the Pin Valley National Park, Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Traditional
Knowledge, 4(3): 314-316.
Chantia, A. 2003. Traditional knowledge of ethno medicine in Jaunsar-Bawar, Dehradun
district. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2(4): 397-399.
Chatterjee, S. and Pakrashi, S.C. 1997. The Treatise on Indian Medicinal Plants. Vo1s. 1-
6. CSIR, New Delhi.
Chaudhuri, A.B. 1993. Forest Plants of Eastern India. Ashish Publishing House, New
Delhi.
Chauhan, N.S. 1999. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of Himachal Pradesh. Indus
Publishing Co., New Delhi, India.
Chauhan, N.S. 2003. Important medicinal and aromatic plants of Himachal Pradesh.
Indian Forester, 129 (8): 979-998.
Chaurasia, O.P., Singh, B. and Ballabh, B. 2001. Potential aromatic flora of Himalayan
cold desert: Ladakh and Lahul-Spiti. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic
Botany, 25(1): 91-97.
Chhetri, D.R., Parajuli, P. and Subba, G.C. 2005. Antidiabetic plants used by Sikkim and
Darjeeling Himalayan tribes, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 99: 199–202.
Page 7
199
Chopra, R.N., Nayar, S.L. and Chopra, I.C. 1956. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants.
Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi.
Chowdhery, H.J. and Rao, R.R. 2000. Trans-Himalaya: a vast genetic resource centre of
less known economic plants. Indian Journal of Forestry, 23(4): 446-456.
Chowdhery, H.J. and Wadhwa, B.M. 1984. Flora of Himachal Pradesh. Vols. I-III.
Botanical Survey of India, Dehradun.
Collet, H. 1902. Flora Simelensis. Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, India.
Colwell, R.K. and Hurtt, G.C. 1994. Non biological gradients in species richness and a
spurious rapoport effect. American Naturalist, 144: 570-595.
Connell, J.H. and Oris, E. 1964. The ecological regulation of species diversity. American
Naturalist, 48: 399-414.
Cooke, T. 1901-1906. The Flora of the Presidency of Bombay. Vols. I-II. Botanical
Survey of India, Calcutta.
Cotton, C.M. 1996. Ethnobotany - Principles and Applications. John Wiley & Sons. New
York.
Crow, G.E. 1993. Species diversity in aquatic angiosperms: latitudinal patterns. Aquatic
Botany, 44(2-3): 229-258.
Curtis, J.T. and McIntosh, R.P. 1950. The interrelations of certain analytic and synthetic
phytosociological characters. Ecology, 31: 434- 455.
Dar, G.H., Vir Jee, Kachroo, P. and Buth, G.M. 1984. Ethnobotany of Kashmir-1. Sind
valley. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 5: 668-675.
Dhannai, C.S., Panwar, Vijender, P. and Sharma, C.M. 2000. Effect of aspect and soil on
the structure of Quercus leucotrichophora natural stands in western Himalaya.
Indian Journal of Forestry, 23(3): 349-356.
Page 8
200
Dhar, U. 2002. Conservation implications of plant endemism in high-altitude Himalaya.
Current Science, 82 (2): 141-148.
Dhar, U., Manjkhola, S., Joshi, M., Bhatt, A., Bisht, A.K. and Joshi, M. 2002. Current
status and future strategy for development of medicinal plants sector in
Uttaranchal, India. Current Science, 83(8): 956-964.
Dhar, U., Rawal, R.S. and Upreti, J. 2000. Setting priorities for conservation of medicinal
plants-a case study in the Indian Himalaya. Biological Conservation, 95: 57-65.
Dhyani, P.P. and Kala, C.P. 2005. Current research on medicinal plants: five lesser
unknown but valuable aspects. Current Science, 88(3): 335.
Dimri, B.M., Jha, M.N. and Gupta, M.K. 2006. Soil potassium changes at different
altitudes and seasons in upper Yamuna forests of Garhwal Himalaya. Indian
Forester, 132(5): 609-614.
Dobriyal, R.M., Singh, G.S., Rao, K.S. and Saxena, K.G. 1997. Medicinal plant resources
in Chhakinal watershed in the northwestern Himalaya. Journal of Herbs, Species
and Medicinal Plants, 5(1):15-27.
Dubey, B., Yadav, R.R., Singh, J. and Chaturvedi, R. 2003. Upward shift of Himalayan
pine in western Himalaya, India. Current Science, 85 (8): 1135-1136.
Duchok, R., Kent, K., Khumbongmayum, A.D., Paul, A. and Khan, M.L. 2005.
Population structure and regeneration status of medicinal tree Illicium griffithii in
relation to disturbance gradients in temperate broad leaved forest of Arunachal
Pradesh. Current Science, 89 (4): 673-676.
Duthie, J.F. 1994. Flora of the Upper Gangatic Plains and of the Adjacent Siwalik and
Sub-Himalayan Tracts. Vols. 1-III. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun.
Enquist, B.J., Haskell, J.P. and Tiffney, B.H. 2002: General patterns of taxonomic and
biomass partitioning in extant and fossil plant communities. Nature, 419: 610-613.
Page 9
201
Farnsworth, N.R. 1994. Ethnopharmacology and drug development. In: Ethnobotany and
the Search for New Drugs. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (Ciba Foundation
Symposium 185), pp. 42-51.
Fisher, A.G. 1960. Latitudinal variation in organic diversity. Evolution, 14:64-81.
Forman-Richard, T.T. and Godron, M. 1986. Landscape Ecology. John Wiley & Sons,
New York.
Fosaa, A.M. 2004. Biodiversity patterns of vascular plant species in mountain vegetation
in the Faroe Island. Diversity and Distribution, 10: 217-223.
Fowler, J., Cohen, L. and Jarvis, P. 1998. Practical Statistics for Field Biology. John
Wiley & Sons, New York.
Fransworth, N.R. and Soejarto, D.D. 1991. Global importance of medicinal plants. In:
Akerele, O., Heywood, V. and Synge, H. (eds.). Conservation of Medicinal
Plants. pp. 25-52. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Gadgil, M. 1994. Inventorying, monitoring and conserving India's biological diversity.
Current Science, 66(6): 401-406.
Gadgil, M. 1996. Documenting diversity: an experiment. Current Science, 70(1): 36-44.
Gadgil, M. and Guha, R. 1995. Ecology and Equity: The Use and Abuse of Nature in
Contemporary India. Penguin Books, India.
Garbyal, S.S., Grover, A., Aggarwal, K.K. and Babu, C.R. 2007. Traditional phyto-
medicinal knowledge of Bhotias of Dharchula in Pithoragarh. Indian Journal of
Traditional Knowledge, 6(2): 360-364.
Gaston, K.J. 2000. Global patterns in biodiversity. Nature, 405: 220-227.
Gaur, R.D. 2003. Flora of the District Garhwal North West Himalaya (with
ethnobotanical notes). Transmedia, Srinagar (Garhwal), India.
Page 10
202
Gaur, R.D. and Bhatt, B.P. 1994. Folk utilization of some pteridophytes of Deoprayag
area in Garhwal Himalaya, India. Economic Botany, 48(2): 146-151.
Gaur, R.D., Semwal, J.K. and Tiwari, J.K. 1983. A survey of high altitude medicinal
plants of Garhwal Himalaya. Bulletin of Medico-ethnobotanical Research, 4: 102-
116.
Gaur, U.N., Raturi, G.P. and Bhatt, A.B. 2003. Quantitative response of vegetation in
glacial moraine of central Himalaya. Environmentalist, 23(3): 237-247.
Gautam, R., Saklani, A. and Jachak, S.M. 2007. Indian medicinal plants as a source of
antimycobacterial agents. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 110: 200–234.
Ghimire, S.K., Doyle, M. and Thomas, A. 2005. Conservation of Himalayan medicinal
plants: harvesting patterns and ecology of two threatened species, Nardostachys
grandiflora DC. and Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora (Pennel) Hong. Biological
Conservation, 124: 463-475.
Groombridge, B. (ed.) 1992. Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth's Living Resources.
Chapman and Hall, London.
Grover, J.K., Yadav, S. and Vats, V. 2002. Medicinal plants of India with anti-diabetic
potential. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 81: 81-100.
Grytnes, J.A. 2003. Species-richness patterns of vascular plants along seven altitudinal
transects in Norway. Ecography, 26: 291-300.
Grytnes, J.A. and Vetaas, O.R. 2002. Species richness and altitude: a comparison
between null models and interpolated plant species richness along the Himalayan
altitudinal gradient, Nepal. American Naturalist, 159(3): 294-304.
Guan, D.S., Ding, J., and Wang, L. 2000. The impact of tourism and environmental
pollution on plants and soil of forests in urban parks of Guangzhou.
Environmental Science, 20(3): 277-280.
Page 11
203
Gupta O.P., Srivastava T.N., Gupta S.C. and Badola D.P. 1981. Ethnobotanical and
phytochemical screening of high altitude plant of Ladakh-II. Bulletin of Medico-
ethnobotanical Research, 2: 67-88.
Gupta, A., Vats, S.K. and Brij Lal. 1998. How cheap can a medicinal plant species be?
Current Science, 74: 555-556.
Gupta, A.K. and Tandon, N. 2004. Reviews on Indian Medicinal Plants. Vols. I-III.
Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi.
Gupta, M.K., Singh, R.P. and Jha, M.N. 1989. Soil chemical properties of silver fir and
spruce forest under different systems of silviculture. I-changes in soil nitrogen.
Indian Forester, 115(4): 235-242.
Gupta, O.P., Srivastava, T.N., Gupta, S.C. and Badola, D.P. 1980. An ethnobotanical and
phytochemical screening of high altitude plant of Ladakh-I. Bulletin of Medico-
ethnobotanical Research, 1: 301-317.
Gurmet, P. 2004. ‘Sowa-Rigpa’, Himalayan art of healing. Indian Journal of Traditional
Knowledge, 3(2): 212-218.
Hajra, P.K. and Verma, D.M. 1996 (eds.). 1996. Flora of Sikkim. Botanical Survey of
India, Calcutta.
Haleema, A., Gupta, R.C., Siddique, M.A.A., Bhat, M.A. and Nazki, I.T. 2006.
Distribution, frequency, abundance, and density of Podophyllum hexandrum
Royle in Anatanag and Srinagar districts of Kashmir Himalayas. The Journal of
Plant Science Research, 22: 33-35.
Hannah, L. and Bowles, I. 1995. Letters: global priorities. Bioscience, 45: 122.
Harsha, V.H., Hebbar, S.S., Shripathi V. and Hegde, G.R. 2003. Ethnomedicobotany of
Uttara Kannada district in Karnataka, India-/plants in treatment of skin diseases.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 84: 37-/40.
Page 12
204
Hebbar, S.S., Harsha, V.H., Shripathi, V. and Hegde, G.R. 2004. Ethnomedicine of
Dharwad district in Karnataka, India-plants used in oral health care. Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, 94: 261–266.
Heegaard, E. 2002. A model of alpine species distribution in relation to snowmelt time
and altitude. Journal of Vegetation Science, 13(4): 493-504.
Hooker, J.D. 1872-97. Flora of British India. Vols. I-VII. L. Reeve and Co, London.
HP Forest Statistics. 2000. Forest Department Himachal Pradesh, Government of
Himachal Pradesh, India.
Husain, T. and Garg, A. 2002. The sanctity of Pedicularis bicornuta Kl. ex Kl. & Garcke
(Scrophulariaceae) in the Indian cold deserts of Lahaul-Spiti. Current Science, 83
(8): 929-930.
Hussain, A., Virmani, O.P., Popli, S.P., Mishra, L.N., Gupta, M.M., Srivastava, G.N.,
Abraham, Z. and Singh, A.K. 1992. Dictionary of Indian Medicinal Plants.
CIMAP, Lucknow.
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN). 1994.
IUCN Red List Categories. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
Itow, S. and Mueller-Dombois, D. 1992. Altitudinal change in plant endemism, species
turnover and diversity on Island Santa Cruz, the Galapagos Islands. Pacific
Science, 46(2): 251-268.
IUCN. 1987. Centres of Plant Diversity: A Guide and Strategy for their Conservation
(An outline of a book being prepared by the Joint IUCN-WWF Plants
Conservation Programme and IUCN Threatened Plants Unit).
Jagtap, S.D., Deokule, S.S. and Bhosle, S.V. 2006. Some unique ethnomedicinal uses of
plants used by the Korku tribe of Amravati district of Maharashtra, India. Journal
of Ethnopharmacology, 107: 463–469.
Page 13
205
Jain, A., Katewa, S.S., Chaudhary, B.L. and Galav, P. 2004. Folk herbal medicines used
in birth control and sexual diseases by tribals of southern Rajasthan, India. Journal
of Ethnopharmacology, 90: 171–177.
Jain, A., Katewa, S.S., Galav, P.K. and Sharma, P. 2005. Medicinal plant diversity of
Sitamata Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,
102: 143–157.
Jain, S. 1996. Traditional healing and modern medical facilities among an Indo-Tibetan
community (a brief ethno-medical survey of the boths of Spiti). SMan-rTsis
(Journal of Tibetan Medicine and Astrology), 2 (1): 30-43.
Jain, S.K. 1987. A Manual of Ethnobotany. Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur.
Jain, S.K. 1991. Dictionary of Indian Folk Medicine and Ethnobotany. Deep
Publications, New Delhi.
Jain, S.K. and Filipps, R.A.D. 1991. Medicinal Plants of India. Vols. 1-2. Reference
Publications, Delhi.
Jain, S.K. and Rao, R.R. 1976. A Handbook of Field and Herbarium Methods. Today and
Tomorrow Printers and Publishers, New Delhi.
Jain, S.K. and Rao, R.R. 1983. An Assessment of Threatened Plants of India. Botanical
Survey of India, Calcutta.
Jain, S.P. and Puri, H.S. 1994. An ethno-medico-botanical survey of Parbati valley in
Himachal Pradesh (India). Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 18(2):
321-327.
Jamir, N.S. 1997. Ethnobiology of Naga tribe in Nagaland: I-medicinal herbs.
Ethnobotany, 9:101-104.
Page 14
206
Joshi, D.N. and Rawat, G.S. 1997. Need for conservation and propagation of alpine and
sub-alpine medicinal plants of north-west Himalayas. Indian Forester, 123(9):811-
814.
Joshi, H.C., Arya, S.C. and Samant, S.S. 2000. Diversity, distribution and indigenous
uses of plant species in Pindari area of Nanda Devi biosphere reserve – II. Indian
Journal of Forestry, 24(4): 514-536.
Joshi, P.K., Singh, S., Agarwal, S. and Roy, P.S. 2001. Forest cover assessment in
western Himalayas, Himachal Pradesh using IRS 1C/1D WiFS data. Current
Science, 80(8): 941-947.
Kachroo, P., Sapru, B.L. and Dhar, U. 1977. Flora of Ladakh. Bishen Singh Mahendra
Pal Singh, Dehradun.
Kadavul, K. and Parthasarathy, N. 1999. Plant biodiversity and conservation of tropical
semi-evergreen forest in the Shervarayan hills of Eastern Ghats, India.
Biodiversity and Conservation, 8: 421-439.
Kala, C.P. 2000. Status and conservation of rare and endangered medicinal plants in the
Indian trans- Himalaya. Biological Conservation, 93: 371-379.
Kala, C.P. 2004. Assessment of species rarity. Current Science, 86 (8): 1058-1059.
Kala, C.P. 2005a. Current status of medicinal plants used by traditional ‘Vaidyas’ in
Uttarakhand state of India. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 3: 267-278.
Kala, C.P. 2005b. Ethnomedicinal botany of the Apatani in the eastern Himalayan region
of India. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 1:11
Kala, C.P. 2005c. Indigenous uses, Population density, and conservation of threatened
medicinal plants in protected areas of the Indian Himalaya. Conservation Biology,
19(2): 368-378.
Page 15
207
Kala, C.P. 2006. Medicinal plants of the high altitude cold desert in India: diversity,
distribution and traditional uses. International Journal of Biodiversity Science and
Management, 2(1): 43-56.
Kala, C.P. and Manjrekar, N. 1999. Ethno-medicobotany of Indian Trans-Himalaya: a
case study from Spiti. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 23(1): 177-
183.
Kala, C.P. and Mathur, V.B. 2002. Patterns of plant species distribution in the Trans-
Himalayan region of Ladakh, India. Journal of Vegetation Science, 13(6): 751-
754.
Kala, C.P. and Rawat, G.S. 2004. Floral diversity and species richness in the Valley of
Flowers National Park, western Himalaya. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic
Botany, 28 (1): 43-51.
Kala, C.P., Farooquee, N.A. and Dhar, U. 2004. Prioritization of medicinal plants on the
basis of available knowledge, existing practices and use value status in
Uttaranchal, India. Biodiversity and Conservation, 13: 453-469.
Kala, C.P., Rawat, G.S. and Uniyal, V.K. 1998. Ecology and Conservation of the Valley
of Flowers National Park, Himalaya. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun.
Kalakoti, B.S., Pangtey, Y.P.S. and Saxena, A.K. 1986. Quantitative analysis of high
altitude vegetation of Kumaun Himalaya. Journal of Indian Botanical Society, 65:
384-396.
Kanji Lal, U.N. 1991. Flora of Assam. Vols. I-IV. Allied Book Centres, Dehradun.
Kanwar, S.S., Gupta, M.K., Katoch, C., Kumar, R. and Kanwar, P. 2007. Traditional
fermented foods of Lahaul and Spiti area of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of
Traditional Knowledge, 6(1): 42-45.
Kapahi, B.K. 1990. Ethno-botanical investigation in Lahaul (Himachal Pradesh). Journal
of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 14(1): 49-55.
Page 16
208
Kapur, S.K. 1993. Ethno-medico plants of Kangra valley (Himachal Pradesh). Journal of
Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 17(2): 395-408.
Katewa, S.S., Chaudhary, B.L. and Jain, A. 2004. Folk herbal medicines from tribal area
of Rajasthan, India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 92: 41–46.
Kaul, M.K, Sharma, P.K. and Singh, V. 1989. Ethno botanical studies in North West and
Trans-Himalaya VI. contribution to the ethno botany of Basohli-Bani Region, J
and K, India. Bulletin of Botanical Survey of India, 31(1-4): 89-94.
Kaul, M.K. 1994. Ethnomedicinal and ethnonutritional status of some Himalayan herbs.
In the abstracts of the fourth international congress on ethnobiology in human
welfare held in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India on 17-21 November, 1994. 148p.
Kaul, M.K., Singh, V., Sharma, P.K. and Bhatia, A.K. 1990. Ethnobotanic studies in
north-west and trans-Himalaya II. approaches to the study of ethno botany
towards the human welfare in remote North-West and Trans-Himalayas. Journal
of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 14(2): 271-285.
Kaur, H. and Sharma, M. 2004. Flora of Sirmour (Himachal Pradesh). Bishen Singh
Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India.
Kaushal, R., Bhandari, A.R., Sharma, J.C. and Tripathi, D. 1997. Soil fertility status
under natural Deodar (Cedrus deodara) forest ecosystem of North-West
Himalayas. Indian Journal of Forestry, 20(2):105-111.
Kelly, C.K. and Bowler, M.G. 2002. Coexistence and relative abundance in forest trees.
Nature, 417: 437-440.
Kessler, M. 2002. The elevational gradient of Andean plant endemism: varying
influences of taxon-specific traits and topography at different taxonomic levels.
Journal of Biogeography, 29: 1159–1165.
Khan, Z.S., Khuroo, A.A. and Dar, G.H. 2004. Ethnomedicinal survey of Uri, Kashmir
Himalaya. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 3(4): 351-357.
Page 17
209
Kharkwal, G., Mehrotra, P., Rawat, Y.S. and Pangtey, Y.P.S. 2004. Comparative study of
herb layer diversity in pine forest stands at different altitudes of central Himalaya.
Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2(2): 15-24.
Kharkwal, G., Mehrotra, P., Rawat, Y.S. and Pangtey, Y.P.S. 2005. Phytodiversity and
growth in relation to altitudinal gradient in the central Himalayan (Kumaun)
region of India. Current Science, 89(5): 873-878.
Khera, N., Kumar, A. Ram, J. and Tewari, A. 2001. Plant biodiversity assessment in
relation to disturbances in mid-elevational forest of central Himalaya, India.
Tropical Ecology, 42(1): 83-95.
Kirtikar, K.R. and Basu, B.D. 1916. Indian Medicinal Plants. Vols. 1-IV. Lalit Mohan
Basu, Allahabad. (Second edition with Periodical Experts Book Agency, Delhi,
1993.
Kiss, T., Sipos, G., Bodis, K. and Barta, K. 2004. Community composition, species
diversity, and secondary succession in grazed and ungrazed alpine meadows of
the west Himalaya, India. International Journal of Fieldwork Studies (ejournal),
2(1).
Klimes, L. 2003. Life forms and clonality of vascular plants along an altitudinal gradient
in E Ladakh (NW Himalayas). Basic and Applied Ecology, 4: 317-328.
Kluge, J. and Kessler, M. 2006. Fern endemism and its correlates: contribution from an
elevational transect in Costa Rica. Diversity and Distributions, 12: 535-545.
Koelz, W.N. 1979. Notes on the ethnobotany of Lahaul, a province of the Punjab.
Quarterly Journal of Crude Drug Research, 17: 1-56.
Körner, C. 2000. Why are there global gradients in species richness? Mountains may
hold the answer. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 15: 513-514.
Koul, A. 1990. Ground flora and community studies of Nilnag forest in Pir Panjal range
of western Himalaya. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 14(1): 57-65.
Page 18
210
Koul, S.C. 1941. Some wild flowers of Kashmir and their indigenous use. Journal of
Bombay Natural History Society, 42: 452-454.
Kritikar, K.R. and Basu, B.D. 1981. Indian Medicinal Plants. Vols. I-IV (second reprint)
IBD, Dehradun.
Kumar, A., Sharma, C.M. and Baduni, N.P. 1997. Community structure and physical
environment: a case study of the temperate mixed coniferous Lata forest in the
Malari valley of Garhwal Himalaya. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 9(4):
449-457.
Kumar, G.M. and Naqshi, A.R. 1990. Ethnbobotany of Jammu-II. Banihal. Journal of
Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 14(1): 67-74.
Kumar, M., Sharma, C.M. and Rajwar, G.S. 2004. A study on community structure and
diversity of a sub-tropical forest of Garhwal Himalayas. Indian Forester, 130(2):
207-214.
Kumar, R.D., Bhandari, S. Pathania, S. and BrijLal, 2000. Ayurved ke badaltey aayaam
(in Hindi). Vaigyanik, 32: 13-17.
Kuniyal, J.C., Jain, A.P. and Shannigrahi A.S. 2003. Environmental impacts of tourism in
Kullu-Manali complex in north western Himalaya, India. part 1: the adverse
impacts. International Journal of fieldwork studies 1(1).
Kunte, K., Joglekar, A., Utkarsh, G. and Padmanabhan, P. 1999. Patterns of butterfly,
bird and tree diversity in Western Ghats. Current Science, 77(4): 577-586.
Lalramnghinglova, J.H. and Jha, L.K. 1997. Ethnomedicine from Mizoram - North East
India. Ethnobotany, 9:105-111.
Lange, D. 1997. Trade figures for botanical drugs world-wide. Medicinal Plant
Conservation Newsletter, 3: 16-17.
Page 19
211
Lomolino, M.V. 2001. Elevation gradients of species diversity: historical and prospective
views. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 10: 3-13.
Lovejoy, T.E. 1995: Biodiversity measurement and estimation. Chapman and Hall,
London.
Ludwig, J.A. and Reynolds, J.F. 1988. Statistical Ecology. A Primer on Methods and
Computing. John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Magurran, A.E. 1988. Ecological Diversity and its Measurements. Croom Helm Ltd.,
London.
Maheshwari, J.K. and Singh, J.P. 1984. Contribution to the ehnobotany of Bhoxa tribe of
Bijnor and Pauri Garhwal districts, U.P. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic
Botany, 5: 251-259.
Maheshwari, J.K., Singh, K.K. and Saha, S. 1980. Ethnomedicinal uses of plants by
Tharus in Kheri district, U.P. Bulletin of Medico-Ethnobotanical Research, 1:
318-337.
Maikhuri, R.K., Nautiyal, S., Rao, K.S. and Saxena, K.G. 1998a. Medicinal plant
cultivation and biosphere reserve management: a case study from the Nanda Devi
Biosphere Reserve, Himalaya. Current Science, 74(2): 157-163.
Maikhuri, R.K., Nautiyal, S., Rao, K.S. and Saxena, K.G. 1998b. Role of medicinal
plants in the traditional health care system: a case study from Nanda Devi
Biosphere Reserve. Current Science, 75(2): 152-157.
Mamgain, S.K. and Rao, R.R. 1990. Some medicinal plants of Pauri Garhwal Himalaya.
Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 14(3): 623-640.
Manjkhola, S. and Dhar, U. 2002. Conservation and utilization of Arnebia benthamii
(Wall. ex G. Don) Johnston–a high value Himalayan medicinal plant. Current
Science, 83 (4): 484-488.
Page 20
212
Martin, G.J. 1995. Ethnobotany: A Methods Manual. Chapman and Hall, London.
Ministry of Environment & Forests and Kalpavriksh. 2000. National Biodiversity
Strategy and Action Plan-India: Guidelines and Concept Papers. Ministry of
Environment and Forests and Kalpavriksh, New Delhi. 103p.
Mishra, A., Sharma, C.M., Sharma, S.D. and Baduni, N.P. 2000. Effect of aspect on the
structure of vegetation community of moist Bhabar and Tarai Shorea robusta
forest in central Himalaya. Indian Forester, 126(6): 634-642.
Misra, R. 1968: Ecological Workbook. Oxford & IBH Publishing Company, Calcutta.
Monk, C.D. 1967. Tree species diversity in eastern deciduous forest with particular
reference to North Centrak Florida. American Naturalist, 101: 173-187.
Mueller-Dombois, D. and Ellenberg, H. 1974: Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology.
John Wiley & Sons, New York.
Mukherjee, P.K. and Wahil, A. 2006. Integrated approaches towards drug development
from Ayurveda and other systems of medicine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,
103: 25-35.
Myers, N. 1979. The Sinking Ark: A New Look at the Problem of Disappearing Species.
Pergamon Press, New York.
Nadkarni, A.K. 1954. Indian Materia Medica. Vols. I-II. Bombay Popular Prakashan,
Mumbai.
Nadkarni, K.M. 1908. Indian Meteria Medica. Vols. I-II (revised). Popular Prakashan,
Bombay.
Nagaike, T. 2002. Differences in plant species diversity between conifer (Larix
kaempferi) plantations and broad-leaved (Quercus crispula) secondary forests in
central Japan. Forest Ecology and Management, 168: 111-123.
Page 21
213
Nair, N.C. 1977. Flora of Bashahr Himalaya. International Bioresource Publishers,
Hissar-125001, India.
Naithani, B.D. 1984-85. Flora of Chamoli. Vols. I-II. Botanical Survey of India,
Calcutta.
Naithani, H.B., Sahni, K.C. and Bennet, S.S.R. 1997. Forest Flora of Goa. International
Book Distributors, Dehradun.
Narain, S., Singh, J. and Singh, U. 2007. Ethno botanical remedies for gastro-intestinal
problems from Sonbhadra district (U.P.) India. Indian Forester, 133(1): 135-138.
Natarajan, B., Paulsen, B.S. and Komeliussen, V. 2000. An ethno-pharmacological study
from Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh, India. Traditional knowledge compared
with modern biological science. Pharmaceutical Biology, 38(2): 129-138.
Nautiyal, B.P. and Bhatt, A.B. 1999. Niche width and diversity pattern in different
landscapes of an alpine grazing land in Garhwal Himalaya, India. Indian Forester,
125(4): 375-380.
Nautiyal, B.P., Chauhan, R.S., Prakash, V., Purohit, H. and Nautiyal, M.C. 2003.
Population studies for the evaluation of germplasm and threat status of the alpine
medicinal herb, Nardostachys jatamansi. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter,
136: 34-39.
Nautiyal, B.P., Pandey, Nirmala and Bhatt, A.B. 1997. Analysis of vegetation pattern in
an alpine zone in northwest Himalaya: a case study of Garhwal Himalaya with
reference to diversity and distribution patterns. International Journal of Ecology
and Environmental Sciences, 23(1): 49-65.
Nautiyal, B.P., Prakash, V., Bahuguna, R., Maithani, U., Bisht, H. and Nautiyal, M.C.
2002. Population study for monitoring the status of rarity of three aconite species
in Garhwal Himalaya. Tropical Ecology, 43(2): 297-303.
Page 22
214
Nautiyal, M.C., Nautiyal, B.P. and Prakash. V. 2004. Effect of grazing and climatic
changes on alpine vegetation of Tungnath, Garhwal Himalaya, India. The
Environmentalist, 24:125-134.
Nautiyal, S. 1991. Willow: a multipurpose tree of cold desert of India. Indian Forester,
117(2): 153-155.
Nayar, M.P. 1980. Endemism and patterns of distribution of endemic genera
(angiosperms) in India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 1: 99-110.
Nayar, M.P. 1996. “HOT SPOTS” of Endemic Plants of India, Nepal and Bhutan.
Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute (Palode), Thiruvananthapuram.
Nayar, M.P. and Sastry, A.R.K. (eds.). 1987-1990. Red Data Book of Indian Plants. Vols.
I-III. Botanical Survey of India. Calcutta, India.
Negi, H.R. and Gadgil, M. 2002. Cross-taxon surrogacy of biodiversity in the Indian
Garhwal Himalaya. Biological Conservation, 105: 143-155.
Negi, S.S. 2000. People's participation in management of natural resources: the Kandi
experience of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Forestry, 23(3): 332-336.
Odland, A. and Birks, H.J.B. 1999. The altitudinal gradient of vascular plant species
richness in Aurland, western Norway. Ecography, 22: 548-566.
Osmaston, A.E. 1994. A Forest Flora for Kumaon. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh,
Dehradun, India.
Pande, P.K., Negi, J.D.S. and Sharma, S.C. 1996. Plant species diversity and vegetation
analysis in moist temperate Himalayan forests. In abstracts: first Indian ecological
congress, New Delhi, 27-31 December pp. 51.
Pande, P.K., Negi, J.D.S. and Sharma, S.C. 2001. Plant species diversity and vegetation
analysis in moist temperate Himalayan forest. Indian Journal of Forestry, 24 (4):
456-470.
Page 23
215
Pande, P.K., Negi, J.D.S. and Sharma, S.C. 2002. Plant species diversity, composition,
gradient analysis and regeneration behavior of some tree species in a moist
temperate western Himalayan forest ecosystem. Indian Forester, (8): 869-886.
Parker, R.N. 1984. Forest Flora of the Punjab with Hazara and Delhi. Bishen Singh
Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun.
Parkinson, C.E. 1923. A Forest Flora of the Andaman Islands. Bishen Singh Mahendra
Pal Singh, Dehradun.
Partel, M. 2002. Local plant diversity patterns and evolutionary history at the regional
scale. Ecology, 83(9): 2361-2366.
Pascal, J.P., Ramesh, B.R., and Puig, H. 1996. A database of endemic arborescent
species distribution at low and medium altitudes of the Western Ghats, India: a
tool for regional studies of phytogeography and for conservation. In: Guillaumet,
J.L. and Belin, M. (eds.). Phytogeographie Tropicale: Realties and Perspectives.
pp. 231-241.
Pathak, M.C., Bargali, S.S. and Rawat, Y.S. 1993. Analysis of woody vegetation in a
high elevation oak forest of central Himalaya. Indian Forester, 119(9): 722-731.
Pauses, J.G. and Austin, M.K. 2001. Patterns of plant species richness in relation to
different environments: an appraisal. Journal of Vegetation Science, 12: 153-166.
Pavon, N.P., Hernandez, H.T. and Rico-Gray, V. 2000. Distribution of plant life forms
along an altitudinal gradient in the semi arid valley of Zapotitlan, Mexico. Journal
of Vegetation Science, 11: 39-42.
Pfab, M.F. and Scholes, M.A. 2004. Is the collection of Aloe peglerae from the wild
sustainable? An evaluation using stochastic population modeling. Biological
Conservation, 118: 695-701.
Pielou, E.C. 1975. Ecological Diversity. John Willey & Sons. New York.
Page 24
216
Polunin, O. and Stainton, A. 1984. Flowers of the Himalaya. Oxford University Press,
Delhi.
Porwal, M.C., Sharma, L. and Roy, P.S. 2003. Stratification and mapping of Ephedra
gerardiana Wall. in Poh (Lahaul and Spiti) using remote sensing and GIS.
Current Science, 84(2): 208-212.
Prakash, V. 1998. Indian medicinal plants: current status-1. Ethnobotany, 10:112-121.
Prance, G.T. 1994. Introduction, Ciba Foundation Symposium. In: Ethnobotany and the
search for new drugs. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester (Ciba Foundation
Symposium 185), pp. 1-3.
Pullaiah, T. and Ramamurthy, K.S. 2001-02. Flora of Eastern Ghats. Vols. I-II. Regency
Publications, New Delhi.
Purohit, A., Maikhuri, R.K., Rao, K.S. and Nautiyal, S. 2001. Impact of bark removal on
survival of Taxus baccata L. (Himalayan yew) in Nanda Devi Biosphere reserve,
Garhwal Himalaya, India. Current Science, 81(5): 583-590.
Purohit. V.P., Silas, R.A. and Gaur, R.D. 1985. Ethnobotanical studies of some medicinal
plants used in skin diseases from Raath (Pauri) Garhwal Himalaya. Journal of
Scientific Research in Plant Medicines, 6: 39-47.
Pushpangadan, P. 1995. Ethnobiology in India: a status report, Govt. of India, New Delhi.
Pushpangadan, P., Rajasekhran, S., Kumar, R., Jawahar, C.R., Velayudhan Nair,V.,
Lakshmi, N. and Sarad Amma, L., 1988. Arogyapacha (Trichopus zeylanicus) -
The ginsneng of Kani tribes of Agasthyar Hills (Kerala) for evergreen health and
vitality. Ancient Science of Life, 7: 13-16.
Pushpangadan, P., Rajsekhran, S., Latha, P.G., Evans, D.A. and Valsaraj, R., 1995.
Further studies on the pharmacology of Trichopus zeylanicus. Ancient Science of
Life, 14:127-135.
Page 25
217
Pushpangadan, P., Ravi, K. and Santosh, V. (eds.). 1997. Conservation and Economic
Evaluation of Biodiversity. Vo1s. I-II. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.,
New Delhi.
Rahbek, C. 1995. The elevation gradient of species richness: a uniform pattern?
Ecography, 18: 200-205.
Rai, L.K., Prasad, P. and Sharma, E. 2000. Conservation threats to some important
medicinal plants of the Sikkim Himalaya. Biological Conservation, 93: 27-33.
Raizada, M.B. and Saxena, H.O. 1978. Flora of Mussoorie. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal
Singh, Dehradun.
Rana, T.S. 1997. Ethno botanical observation among Jaunsaris of Jaunsar-Bawar,
Dehradun (U.P.), India. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 35(5): 371-374.
Rana, T.S., Datt, B. and Rao, R.R. 2001. Vegetational diversity in Tons valley, Garhwal
Himalaya (Uttaranchal) India with special reference to phytogeographical
affinities of the flora. Taiwania, 46(3): 217-231.
Rana, T.S., Datt, B. and Rao, R.R. 2002. Life forms and biological spectrum of the flora
of Tons valley, Garhwal Himalaya (Uttaranchal), India. Taiwania, 47(2): 164-169.
Rana, T.S., Datt, B. and Rao, R.R. 2003. Flora of Tons Valley, Garhwal Himalaya
(Uttaranchal). Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun.
Rastogi, R.P. and Mehrotra, B.N. 1960-1984. Compendium of Indian Medicinal Plants.
Vols. I-III. CSIR, New Delhi.
Rau, M.A. 1961. A recent survey of medicinal plant resources of Lahul valley (Panjab,
India). Pakistan Journal of Sciences and Industrial Research, 4: 202-205.
Rau, M.A. 1975. High Altitude Flowering Plants of West Himalaya. Botanical Survey of
India, Calcutta, India.
Page 26
218
Ravindranath, S. and Premnath, S. 1997. Biomass Studies: Field Methods for Monitoring
Biomass. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.
Rawal, R.S. and Dhar, U. 1997. Sensitivity of timberline flora in Kumaun Himalaya,
India: conservation. Arctic and Alpine Research, 29(1): 112-121.
Rawal, R.S. and Pangtey, Y.P.S. 1994. Altitudinal zonation of high altitudinal forests in
Kumaun, central Himalaya, India. Indian Journal of Forestry, 17(4): 332-344.
Rawat, R.S. 2001. Phytosociological studies of woody vegetation along an altitudinal
gradient in a montane forest of Garhwal Himalaya. Indian Journal of Forestry,
24(4): 419-426.
Rawat, R.S. 2005. Studies on interrelationship of woody vegetation density and soil
characteristics along altitudinal gradient in a montane forest of Garhwal
Himalayas. Indian Forester, 131(8): 990-994.
Rawat, Y. S. 2006. Vegetational analysis, socio-economic and cultural aspects of Salix
sp. in cold desert environment of north western Himalaya. Ph.D. thesis submitted
to HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Uttarakhand.
Rawat, Y.S., Oinam, S.S., Vishvakarma, S.C.R., Kuniyal, C.P. and Kuniyal, J.C. 2006.
Willow (Salix fragilis Linn.): a multipurpose tree species under pest attack in the
cold desert of Lahaul valley, northwestern Himalaya, India. Ambio, 35(1): 43-48.
Relhan, P.K., Saxena, A.K. and Singh, J.S. 1982. Analysis of forest vegetation at and
around Nainital in Kumaun Himalaya. Proceeding of the Indian National Science
Academy, 48(1): 121-137.
Rikhari, H.C. and Adhikari, B.S. 1998. Population structure and protective value of
temperate forests in a part of Central Himalaya. Journal of Sustainable Forestry,
7(3-4): 5-22.
Page 27
219
Rikhari, H.C., Adhikari, B.S. and Rawat, Y.S. 1997. Woody species composition of
temperate forests along an elevational gradient in Indian central Himalaya.
Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 10(2): 197-211.
Rikhari, H.C., Palni, L.M.S., Sharma, S. and Nandi, S.K. 1998. Himalayan yew: stand
structure, canopy damage, regeneration and conservation strategy. Environmental
Conservation, 25(4): 334-341.
Rikhari, H.C., Sharma, S., Nadeem, M. and Palni, L.M.S. 2000. The effect of disturbance
levels, forest types and associations on the regeneration of Taxus baccata: lessons
from the central Himalaya. Current Science, 79(1): 88-90.
Rikhari, H.C., Singh, R.S. and Tripathi, S.K. 1991. Pattern of species distribution,
community characters and regeneration in major forest communities along an
elevational gradient in central Himalaya. International Journal of Ecology and
Environmental Science, 17(3): 167-174.
Risser, P.G. and Rice, E.L. 1971. Diversity in tree species in Oklahoma upland forests.
Ecology, 52: 876-880.
Roy, P.S. and Behera, M.D. 2005. Assessment of biological richness in different
altitudinal zones in the eastern Himalayas, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Current
Science, 88(2): 250-257.
Roy, P.S., Porwal, M.C. and Sharma, L. 2001. Mapping of Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.
in the adjoining areas of Kaza in Lahul and Spiti using remote sensing and GIS.
Current Science, 80(9): 1107-1111.
Samal, P.K., Shah, A., Tiwari, S.C. and Agrawal, D.K. 2004. Indigenous healthcare
practices and their linkages with bioresearch conservation and socio-economic
development in Central Himalayan region of India. Indian Journal of Traditional
Knowledge, 3(1): 12-26.
Page 28
220
Samant, S.S. and Dhar, U. 1997. Diversity, endemism and economic potential of wild
edible plants of Indian Himalaya. International Journal of Sustainable
Development and World Ecology, 4:179-191.
Samant, S.S. and Joshi, H.C. 2005. Plant diversity and conservation status of Nanda Devi
National Park and comparison with highland National Parks of the Indian
Himalayan Region. International Journal of Biodiversity Science and
Management, 1: 65–73.
Samant, S.S. and Pal, M. 2003. Diversity and conservation status of medicinal plants in
Uttaranchal State. Indian Forester, 129 (9): 1090-1108.
Samant, S.S. and Pant, S. 2006. Diversity, distribution pattern and conservation status of
the plants used in liver diseases/ailments in Indian Himalayan Region. Journal of
Mountain Science, 3(1): 28-47.
Samant, S.S., Dhar, U. and Rawal, R.S. 1994. Natural resource use of the natives within
Nanda Devi Biosphere reserve in Western Himalaya. In the abstracts of the fourth
international congress on ethnobiology in human welfare held in Lucknow, Uttar
Pradesh, India on 17-21 November, 1994. 146p.
Samant, S.S., Dhar, U. and Rawal, R.S. 1996. Natural resource use by some natives
within Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve in Western Himalaya. Ethnobotany, 8: 40-
50.
Samant, S.S., Dhar, U. and Rawal, R.S. 1998. Biodiversity status of a protected area of
west Himalaya. 1-Askot Wildlife Sanctuary. International Journal of Sustainable
Development and World Ecology, 5:194-203.
Samant, S.S., Dhar, U. and Rawat, R.S. 2001. Diversity, rarity and economic importance
of wild edible plants of west Himalaya. Indian Journal of Forestry, 24(2): 256-
264.
Page 29
221
Samant, S.S., Jitendra S.B. and Sharma, A. 2007. Assessment of diversity, distribution,
conservation status and preparation of management plan for medicinal plants in
the catchment area of Parbati Hydroelectric Project Stage–III in northwestern
Himalaya. Journal of Mountain Science, 4(1): 34-56.
Samvatsar, S. and Diwanji, V.B. 2000. Plant sources for the treatment of jaundice in the
tribals of western Madhya Pradesh of India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 73:
313–316.
Samy, R.P. and Ignacimuthu, S. 2000. Antibacterial activity of some folklore medicinal
plants used by tribals in Western Ghats of India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,
69: 63–71.
Samy, R.P., Ignacimuthu, S. and Raja, D.P. 1999. Preliminary screening of
ethnomedicinal plants from India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 66: 235–240.
Samy, R.P., Ignacimuthu, S. and Sen, A. 1998. Screening of 34 Indian medicinal plants
for antibacterial properties. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 62: 173–182.
Sand, B.N. and Badola, D.P. 1987. An ethno-botanical study of J and K state of north-
west Himalaya. Bulletin of Medico-Ethnobotanical Research, 8: 147-154.
Saxena, A.K. and Singh, J.S. 1982. Quantitative profile structure of certain forests in the
Kumaun Himalaya. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, 91 (6): 529-
540.
Shah, N.C. 1977. The history of Unani-Tibb medicine. Sachitra Ayurveda, 828-831.
Shah, N.C. and Jain, S.K. 1988. Ethnomedicobotany of the Kumaon Himalaya, India.
Social Pharmacology, 2: 359-380.
Shah, N.C. and Joshi, M.C. 1971. An ethnobotanical study of Kumaon region of India.
Economic Botany, 25: 415-422.
Page 30
222
Shah, N.C. 1982. Herbal folk medicines in northen India. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,
6: 293-301.
Shankar, D. and Ved, D.K. 2003. A balanced perspective for management of Indian
medicinal plants. Indian Forester, 129(2): 275-288.
Shannon, C.E. and Wiener, W. 1963. The Mathematical Theory of Communication.
University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
Sharma, B.M. and Anup Raj. 2004. Status of natural regeneration of Juniperus
macropoda Boiss. in Ladakh, the cold arid region of western trans-Himalayas.
Indian Journal of Forestry, 27(3): 237-240.
Sharma, C. M. and Baduni, N. P. 2000. Effect of aspect on the structure of some natural
stands of Abies pindrow in Himalayan moist temperate forest. Environmentalist,
20(4): 309-317.
Sharma, E., Chettri, N., Gurung, J. and Shakya, B. 2007. The landscape approach in
biodiversity conservation. ICIMOD framework paper, International Centre for
Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Kathmandu, Nepal.
Sharma, P.K. and Brij Lal. 2005. Ethnobotanical notes on some medicinal and aromatic
plants of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 4(4): 424-
428.
Sharma, P.K., Chauhan, N.S. and Brij Lal. 2004. Observations on the traditional
phytotherapy among the inhabitants of Parvati valley in western Himalaya, India.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 92: 167–176.
Sharma, P.K., Chauhan, N.S. and Brij Lal. 2005. Studies on plant associated indigenous
knowledge among the Malanis of Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal
of Traditional Knowledge, 4(4): 403-408.
Page 31
223
Sharma, P.K., Sethi, G.S., Sharma, S.K. and Sharma, T.K. 2006. Ethnomedicinal
observations among the inhabitants of cold desert area of Himachal Pradesh.
Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 5(3): 358-361.
Shetty, B.V. and Singh, V. (eds.). 1991-1993. Flora of Rajasthan. Vols. I-III. Botanical
Survey of India, Calcutta.
Shivarajan, V.V. and Balachandran, I. 1999. Ayurvedic Drugs and Their Plant Sources.
Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, India.
Shrestha, P.M. and Dhillion, S.S. 2003. Medicinal plant diversity and use in the highlands
of Dolakha district, Nepal. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 86(1): 81-96.
Simpson, E. H. 1949. Measurement of Diversity. Nature, 163: 688.
Singh, A.K., Raghubanshi, A.S. and Singh J.S. 2002. Medical ethno-botany of the tribals
of Sonaghati of Sonbhadra district, Uttar Pradesh, India. Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, 81: 31-/41.
Singh, B. and Chaurasia, O. 2000. Medicinal flora of Indian cold desert. Acta
Horticulturae, 523: 65-72.
Singh, D.K. and Hajra, P.K. 1997. Floristic diversity. In: Gujral, G.S. and Sharma, V.
(eds.). Changing Perspective of Biodiversity Status in the Himalaya. The British
Council, New Delhi.
Singh, G. and Kachroo, P. 1994. Forest Flora of Srinagar and Plants of Neighbourhood.
Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun.
Singh, G.S. 1999. Ethnobotanical study of useful plants of Kullu district in north western
Himalaya, India. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 23(1): 185-198.
Singh, G.S. 2004. Prospects of indigenous medicinal plants of Himachal Himalaya.
Indian Forester, 130(1): 62-70.
Page 32
224
Singh, G.S., Kuniyal, J.C. and Vishvakarma, S.C.R. 2004. Agro-biodiversity of cold
desert of Lahaul valley: present scenario. Everyman’s Science, 38 (6): 331-334.
Singh, H. 1988. Ethnobiological treatment of piles by Bhoxas of Uttar Pradesh. Ancient
Science of Life, 8: 167-170.
Singh, H. and Sharma, M. 2006. Flora of Chamba District (Himachal Pradesh). Bishen
Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India.
Singh, K.K. 1997. Studies on native medicine of Jaunsari tribe of Dehradun district, Uttar
Pradesh, India. International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 35(2): 105–110.
Singh, K.K., Kumar, S., Rai, L.K. and Krishna, A.P. 2003. Rhododendrons conservation
in the Sikkim Himalaya. Current Science, 85 (5): 602-606.
Singh, K.N. and Kaushal, R. 2006. Diversity and quantitative analysis of dominant tree
species in district Chamba of Himachal Pradesh. Indian Journal of Forestry,
29(3): 245-251.
Singh, R.P. and Gupta, M.K. 1990. Soil and vegetation study of Lahaul and Spiti cold
desert of western Himalaya. Indian Forester, 116(10): 785-790.
Singh, S.K. and Rawat, G.S. 2000. Flora of Great Himalayan National Park. Bishen
Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun, India.
Singh, S.P. and Singh, J.S. 1986. Structure and function of the central Himalayan oak
forests. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences, 96 (3): 159-189.
Singh, S.P., Sah, P., Tyagi, V. and Jina, B.S. 2005. Species diversity contributes to
productivity-evidence from natural grassland communities of the Himalaya.
Current Science, 89(3): 548-552.
Singh, V. and Chauhan, N.S. 2005. Traditional practices of herbal medicines in the
Lahaul valleys, Himachal Himalayas. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge,
4(2): 208-220.
Page 33
225
Singh, V. and Dogra, K.K. 1996. Characteristics, distribution, utilization, regeneration,
biomass and nutritional values of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae). Indian Forester,
122(6): 486-491.
Singhal, R.M. and Soni, S. 1989. Quantitative ecological analysis of some woody species
of Mussoorie Himalayas (U.P.). Indian Forester, 115 (5): 327-336.
Sood, S.K., Nath, R. and Kalia, D.C. 2001. Ethnobotany of Cold Desert Tribes of Lahaul-
Spiti (N.W.Himalaya). Deep Publication, New Delhi.
Srinivasamurthy, T.S., Karnat, M., Prabhakaran, V., Jadhav, S.N., Elkunchwar, S.,
Ravikumar, K. and Utkarsh, G. 2003. Medicinal plants conservation and
sustainable use through forest gene banks. Indian Forester, 129(2): 179-186.
Srivastava, S.K. and Chandrasekar, K. 2004. Ethnomedicines of the Pin valley National
Park, Himachal Pradesh: plants used in treating dysentery. Ethnobotany, 16(1&2):
62-63.
Srivastava, T.N., Badola, D.P. and Gupta, O.P. 1981. Medicinal herbs used by the Amchis
of Ladakh. Bulletin of Medico-Ethnobotanical Research, 2: 193-202.
Srivastava, T.N., Kapahi, B.K., Kirn, H.S. and Sain, Y.K. 2000. Threatened plants of
medicinal and aromatic value of north-west Himalaya. Journal of Non-Timber
Forest Products, 7(3/4): 166-179.
Subbiah, B.V. and Asiza, G.L. 1956. The rapid procedure for the estimation of the
available nitrogen in soils. Current Science, 25: 259-260.
Subramani, S.P., Jishtu, V., Verma, R.K. and Kapoor, K.S. 2007. Floristic composition,
life-forms and biological spectrum of Renuka Wildlife Sanctuary, Himachal
Pradesh. Indian Forester, 133(1): 79-92.
Subramoniam, A., Evans, D.A., Valsaraj, R., Rajsekhran, S. and Pushpangadan, P. 1999.
Inhibition of antigen-induced degranulation of sensitized mast cells by Trichopus
zeylanicus in mice and rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 68: 137-143.
Page 34
226
Subramoniam, A., Madhavachandran, V., Rajsekhran, S. and Pushpangadan, P. 1997.
Aphrodisiac property of Trichopus zeylanicus extract in male mice. Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, 57: 21-27.
Sundriyal, C., Joshi, R., Neeta and Joshi, P.A. 1987. Some important medicinal plants of
alpine pasture of Garhwal Himalaya. Journal of Economic and Taxonomic
Botany, 11(2): 459-462.
Swamy, P.S., Sundarapandian, S.M., Chandrasekar, P. and Chandrasekaran, S. 2000.
Plant species diversity and tree population structure of a humid tropical forest in
Tamil Nadu, India. Biodiversity and Conservation, 9: 1643-1669.
Tandon, H.L.S. 2001. Methods of Analysis of Soils, Plants, Waters and Fertilizers.
Fertilizer Development and Consultation Organization (FDCO), New Delhi.
Tandon, V. 1998. Need for CAMP for Lahaul-Spiti and Ladakh, the conservation of
medicinal plants. In: Ved, D.K. and Tandon, V. (eds.). Conservation Assessment
and Management Plan Workshop for High Altitude Medicinal Plants of North
West Himalayas. Foundation for Revitalization of Local Health Traditions,
Bangalore.
Taylor, R.S., Manandhar, N.P. and Towers, G.H.N. 1995. Screening of selected
medicinal plants of Nepal for antimicrobial activities. Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, 46: 153-159.
Tewari, D.N. 2000. Report of the task force on conservation and sustainable use of
medicinal plants. Planning Commission, Govt. of India.
Tewari, L.C., Agarwal, R.G., Pandey, M.J., Uniyal, M.R. and Pandey, G. 1990. Some
traditional folk medicine from the Himalayas (U.P. region). Aryavaidyan, 4: 49-
57.
Theurillat, J.P., Schlussel, A., Geissler, P., Guisan, A., Velluti, C. and Wiget, L. 2003.
Vascular plants and bryophyte diversity along elevation gradients in the Alps. In:
Page 35
227
Nagy, L., Grabherr, G., Korner, C.H. and Thompson, D.B. A. (eds.). Alpine
Biodiversity in Europe. pp. 185-193, Springer, Berlin.
Ticktin, T. 2004. The ecological implications of harvesting non-timber forest products.
Journal of Applied Ecology, 41: 11-21.
Tilman, D. 2000. Causes, consequences and ethics of biodiversity. Nature, 405: 208-211.
Tripathi, Y.C. 1999. Folk medicinal claim of Indian desert flora. Annals Forestry, 7(2):
177-184.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 1992: Convention on biological
diversity (CBD), UNEP, Montreal.
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 1993. Guidelines for country studies
on biological diversity. UNEP, Nairobi.
Uniyal, B. 2003. Utilization of medicinal plants by the rural women of Kullu, Himachal
Pradesh. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 2(4): 366-370.
Uniyal, M.R. 1989. Medicinal Flora of Garhwal Himalaya. Shree Baidyanath Ayurved
Bhavan Pvt. Ltd., Nagpur.
Uniyal, M.R. and Chauhan, M.S. 1973. Traditionally important medicinal plant of
Kangra valley in Dharamsala forest circle, Himachal Pradesh. Journal of Research
in Indian Medicine, 8:76-85.
Uniyal, M.R., Bhat, A.V. and Chaturvedi, P.N. 1973. Preliminary observations on
medicinal plants of Lahul Spiti forest division in Himachal Pradesh. Bulletin of
Medico-ethnobotanical Research, 3(1): 1-26.
Uniyal, S.K., Awasthi, A. and Rawat, G.S. 2002. Current status and distribution of
commercially exploited medicinal and aromatic plants in upper Gori valley,
Kumaon Himalaya, Uttaranchal. Current Science, 82(10): 1246-1252.
Page 36
228
Uniyal, S.K., Awasthi, A. and Rawat, G.S. 2002. Traditional and ethnobotanical uses of
plants in Bhagirathi valley (western Himalaya). Indian Journal of Traditional
Knowledge, 1: 7-19.
Uniyal, S.K., Kumar, A., Brij Lal and Singh, R.D. 2006a. Quantitative assessment and
traditional uses of high value medicinal plants in Chhota Bhangal area of
Himachal Pradesh, western Himalaya. Current Science, 91(9): 1238-1242.
Uniyal, S.K., Singh, K.N., Jamwal, P. and Brij Lal. 2006b. Traditional use of medicinal
plants among the tribal communities of Chhota Bhangal, wstern Himalaya.
Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 2:14.
Uniyal, V.K. and Prakash, C. 1999. Structure of forest vegetation along an altitudinal
gradient in the Valley of Flowers National Park and its vicinity, Western
Himalaya. Annals of Forestry, 7(1): 60-69.
Upreti, D.K. and Negi, H.R. 1996. Folk use of Thamnolia vermicularis (Swartz) Ach. in
Lata village of Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve. Ethnobotany, 8: 92-95.
Upreti, N., Tewari, J.C. and Singh, S.P. 1985. The Oak forests of the Kumaun Himalaya
(India): composition, diversity and regeneration. Mountain Research and
Development, 5(2): 163-174.
Valachovic, M. Anenkhonov, O.A. and Hodalova, I. 2002. Vegetation along an
altitudinal gradient in the Gremyachaya Valley, Barguzinskii Range, Eastern
Siberia. Biologia Bratislava, 57(1): 83-100.
Valsaraj, R., Pushpangadan, P., Smitt, U.W., Adsersen, A. and Nyman, U. 1997.
Antimicrobial screening of selected medicinal plants from India. Journal of
Ethnopharmacology, 58: 75 83.
Varghese, A.O. and Menon, A.R.R. 1999. Ecological niches and amplitudes of rare,
threatened and endemic tress of Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary. Current Science,
76(9): 1204-1208.
Page 37
229
Vats, S.K. and Singh, R.D. 2002. The accuracy of floristic surveys and digitizing
biodiversity. Current Science, 82(10): 1194.
Ved, D. K. and Tandon, V. (eds.). 1998. CAMP report for high altitude medicinal plants
of Jammu-Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. Foundation for Revitalization of Local
Health Traditions, Bangalore, India.
Ved, D.K., Mudappa, A. and Shanker, D. 1998. Regulating export of endangered
medicinal plant species-need for scientific vigour. Current Science, 75: 341-344.
Vetaas, O.R. 1997. The effect of canopy disturbance on species richness in a central
Himalayan oak forest. Plant Ecology, 132: 29-38.
Vetaas, O.R. 2000. The effect of environmental factors on the regeneration of Quercus
semecarpifolia Sm. in central Himalaya, Nepal. Plant Ecology, 146(2): 137-144.
Vetaas, O.R. and Chaudhary, R.P. 1998. Scale and species-environment relationships in a
central Himalayan oak forest, Nepal. Plant Ecology, 134: 67-76.
Vetaas, O.R. and Grytnes, J.A. 2002. Distribution of vascular plant species richness and
endemic richness along the Himalayan elevation gradient in Nepal. Global
Ecology and Biogeography, 11: 291–301.
Vidyasagar, G.M. and Prashantkumar, P. 2007. Traditional herbal remedies for
gynecological disorders in women of Bidar district, Karnataka, India. Fitoterapia,
78: 48-51.
Walkley, A. and Black, I.A. 1934. An examination of methods for determination of soil
organic matter and proposed modification of chromic acid titration method. Soil
Science, 34: 29-34.
Walther, G., Post, E., Convey, P., Menzel, A., Parmesan, C., Beebee, T. J. C., Fromentin,
O. H. and Bairlein, F. 2002. Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature,
416: 389-395.
Page 38
230
Wang, G.H., Zhou, G.S., Yang, L.M. and Li, Z.Q. 2003. Distribution, species diversity
and life-form spectra of plant communities along an altitudinal gradient in the
northern slopes of Qilianshan Mountains, Gansu, China. Plant Ecology, 165(2):
169-181.
Whittaker, R.H. and Levin, S.A. 1977. The role of mosaic phenomena in mosaic
communities. Theoretical Population Biology, 12: 117-139.
Wilson, E.O. 1985. The biological diversity crisis. Bioscience, 35: 700-706.
Wood, A., Stedman-Edwards, P. and Mang, J. 2000. The Root Causes of Biodiversity
Loss. Earthscane Publications, London.
Yu, H. and Saprunoff, M. 2005. Distribution of plant species richness along elevation
gradient in Hubei Province, China. In proceedings, Climate Change: Building the
Adaptive Capacity, pp. 378-386.
Zeb, A. 2004. Important therapeutic uses of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae): a review.
Journal of Biological Sciences, 4: 687-693.
Zobel, D.B. and Singh, S.P. 1997. Himalayan forests and ecological generalizations. Bio
Science, 47(11): 735-745.