Reference Guide to the International Space Station Assembly Complete Edition November 2010

8/7/2019 Reference Guide to the International Space Station Assembly Complete Edition November 2010

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration

A S S E M B L Y C O M P L E T E E D I T I O N

N O V E M B E R 2 0 1 0

INTERNATIONALSPACE STATION

R E F E R E N C E G U I D E T O T H E


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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Reference guide to the International Space Station. -- Assembly complete ed.p. cm.

Rev. ed. of the NASA document: Reference guide to the International Space Station.August 2006.

November 2010.NP-2010-09-682-HQ.ISBN 0-16-086517-41. International Space Station. 2. Space stations--International cooperation. 3.Manned space flight. I. United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.TL797.R44 2010629.442--dc22

2010040473

ISS2009 Robert J. Collier Trophy winner

The Collier Trophy is awarded annually for the greatestachievement in aeronautics or astronautics in America, withrespect to improving the performance, efciency, and safety ofair or space vehicles, the value of which has been thoroughlydemonstrated by actual use during the preceding year.


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National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationWashington, DC

NP-2010-09-682-HQ

A S S E M B L Y C O M P L E T E E D I T I O N

N O V E M B E R 2 0 1 0

INTE

R

R

E F E R

N

E N C E

A

G U I

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D E T

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SPACE STATION


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2

REFERENCE GUIDE TO THE ISS

CONTENTS


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5


A LETTER FROM THE ASSOCIATE ADMINISTRATO

SPACE OPERATIONS MISSION DIRECTORATE

Assembly of the International Space Station (ISS) is a remarkable

achievement. Since November 2, 2000, humankind has maintained a

continuous presence in space. Over this timespan, the ISS International

Partnership has ourished. We have learned much about construction

and about how humans and spacecraft systems function on orbit. But

there is much more to do and learn, and this voyage of research and

discovery is just beginning. We now shift our focus from ISS assembly to

full ISS utilization for scientic research, technology development,

exploration, commerce, and education. We need to approach this next

research phase with the same dedication, zeal, and innovation that we

used to assemble the ISS. United States research concentrates on biology,

human research, physical science and materials, Earth and space science,

and technology for exploration beyond low-Earth orbit. As a national

laboratory, the ISS is beginning to provide new opportunities for other

agencies, academia, and commercial and other partners to pursue novel

avenues of research and development, and to promote science,

technology, engineering, and math education. We cannot now foresee all

that may be uncovered on this voyage, but we look forward to the

voyage and returning knowledge to extend the human presence beyond

and improve life here on Earth.

William H. GerstenmaierAssociate Administrator

NASA Space Operations Mission Directorate


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7


WHAT IT DOES

whatitdoes

Te International Space Station (ISS) is the unique blend of unied and

diversied goals among the worlds space agencies that will lead to

improvements in life on Earth for all people of all nations. While the

various space agency partners may emphasize dierent aspects of

research to achieve their goals in the use of the ISS, they are unied in

several important overarching goals.

All of the agencies recognize the importance of leveraging the ISS as

an education platform to encourage and motivate todays youth to pursue

careers in math, science, engineering, and technology (SEM): educating

the children o today to be the leaders and space explorers o tomorrow.

Advancing our knowledge in the areas of human physiology,

biology, and material and physical sciences and translating that

knowledge to health, socioeconomic, and environmental benets on

Earth is another common goal of the agencies: returning the knowledge

gained in space research or the beneft o society.

Finally, all the agencies are unied in their goals to apply knowledge

gained through ISS research in human physiology, radiation, materials

science, engineering, biology, uid physics, and technology: enabling

uture space exploration missions.


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WHAT IT DOES


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10%

0%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Human Research

Educational Activities

Technology

Physical andMaterials Science

Biology and Biotechnology

Earth and Space Science

AgencyNumber of Experiments

CSA13

ESA163

JAXA31

NASA191

Roscosmos154

Number of Experiments Performed Through Expeditions 21/22 (March 2010)

Astronaut works with the Smoke Point In Co-owExperiment in the Microgravity Sciences Gloveb(MSG) during Expedition 18.

Cosmonaut performs inspection of the BIO-5Rasteniya-2 (Plants-2) experiment in the RussianLada greenhouse.

Cumulative ISS Utilization Crewtime by All Partners

(Cum

ulative)

50,000

45,00040,000

35,000

30,000

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000TotalUtilizationHoursOperated

5000

0

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

Year

Six Crew

Assembly Complete

Plans Becoming a Reality

Almost as soon as the ISS was habitable, it was used to study the impact o microgravity andother space eects on several aspects o our daily lives. ISS astronauts conduct science dailyacross a wide variety o felds including human lie sciences, biological science, human physiol-ogy, physical and materials science, and Earth and space science. Over 500 experiments havebeen conducted on the ISS as part o early utilization, over 10 years o continuous research.

In 2009, the number o astronauts living on board the ISS increased rom three tosix, and in 2010, the assembly o the ISS will be complete. As a result, more time will bespent on orbit perorming ISS research. ISS laboratories are expected to accommodate anunprecedented amount o space-based research. Early utilization accomplishments give ushints about the value o a ully utilized ISS ater assembly is complete.

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WHAT IT DOES

PLANS BECOMING A REALITY


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Lab-on-a-Chip ApplicationDevelopmentPortable est System(LOCAD-PS) is a handheld device orrapid detection o biological and chemicalsubstances on suraces aboard the ISS.

Astronauts swab suraces within the cabin,mix swabbed material in liquid orm to theLOCAD-PTS, and obtain results within15 minutes on a display screen, eectivelyproviding an early warning system to

enable the crew to take remedial measures inecessary to protect themselves on board theISS. e handheld device is used with threedierent types o cartridges or the detectiono endotoxin (a marker o gram-negativebacteria), glucan (ungi), and lipoteichoicacid (gram-positive bacteria). Lab-on-a-Chip technology has an ever-expandingrange o applications in the biotech industry.Chips are available (or in development)that can also detect yeast, mold, and gram-positive bacteria; identiy environmentalcontaminants; and perorm quick healthdiagnostics in medical clinics.

Knowledge for All Humankind

Regional view ofIceberg A22A,also known asAmigosberg, witha detailed image ofice breakup along themargin. May 30, 2007.

Crew Earth ObservationsInternationalPolar Year (CEO-IPY) supported an inter-national collaboration o scientists studyingEarths polar regions rom 2007 to 2009. ISScrewmembers photographed polar phenomenaincluding icebergs, auroras, and mesosphericclouds. Observations, through digital stillphotography and video, rom the ISS are usedin conjunction with data gathered rom satel-lites and ground observations to understand

the current status o the polar regions. eISS, as a platorm or these observations, willcontribute data that have not been available inthe past and will set the precedent or utureinternational scientifc collaborations or Earthobservations. e International Polar Year,

which started in 2007 and extended throughFebruary 2009, is a global campaign to studyEarths polar regions and their role in globalclimate change.

Microbial Vaccine DevelopmentScientifcfndings rom ISS research have shownncreased virulence in Salmonella bacteria

own in space and identifed the controllinggene responsible. AstroGenetix, Inc., hasunded their own ollow-on studies on the ISSand are now pursuing approval o a vaccineo an Investigational New Drug (IND) withthe Food and Drug Administration (FDA).e company is now applying a similar

development approach to methycillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA).

Scientists from all over the world are already using ISS facilities, putting their talentsto work in almost all areas of science and technology, and sharing their knowledge tomake life on Earth better for people of all nations. We may not yet know what will bethe most important knowledge gained from the ISS, but we do know that there are someamazing discoveries on the way! Several recent patents and partnerships have alreadydemonstrated benets of the publics investment in ISS research back on Earth.

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WHAT IT DOES

KNOWLEDGE FOR ALL HUMANKIND


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New reatment Options for Duchenne MuscDystrophy: Collaborative High Quality ProtCrystal Growthis JAXA- and Roscosmossponsored investigation was a unique collaborabetween several ISS International Partners. eHQL-79 (human hematopoietic prostaglandinsynthase inhibitor) protein is a candidate treatmin inhibiting the eects o Duchenne musculardystrophy. Investigators used the microgravityenvironment o the ISS to grow larger crystals a

more accurately determine the three-dimensionstructures o HQL-79 protein crystals. e fndled to the development o a more potent orm othe protein, which is important or the developo a novel treatment or Duchenne musculardystrophy. Russian investigators have collaborainternationally to grow macromolecular crystalISS since 2001, including genetically engineerehuman insulin (deposited into protein databank in 2008), tuberculosis, and cholera-derivepyrophosphatase. e next generation o Russia

Japanese collaboration is the JAXA-High QualProtein Crystal Growth experiment installed inKibo in August 2009.

Electron density maps of HQL-79 crystals grown onshow a smaller three-dimensional structure (resoluof 1.7 Angstrms, top left) as compared to the HQL-crystals grown in space (resolution of 1.28 Angstrmlower right).

e Plasma Crystal experiment was one o the frst scientifc experiments perormedon the ISS in 2001. Complex plasma is a low-temperature gaseous mixture composedo ionized gas, neutral gas, and micron-sized particles. Under specifc conditions, theinteractions o these microparticles lead to a sel-organized structure o a plasma crystalstate o matter. Gravity causes the microparticles to sediment due to their relatively highmass compared to that o the ions, and so they have to be electrostatically levitated orproper development. e microgravity environment o the ISS allowed the developmento larger three-dimensional plasma crystal systems in much weaker electric felds thanthose necessary or the levitation on the ground, revealing unique structural details o thecrystals. e European Space Agency (ESA) is now building the next generation o complexplasma experiments or the ISS in collaboration with a large international science team.Understanding the ormation and structure o these plasma crystal systems can also lead to

improvements in industrial process development on Earth.

Dusty plasma in microgravity.

Plasma Crystal 3 Plus [Roscosmos, DLR (German Aerospace Center), ESA], aswell as previous experiments o this series, is one example o a complex set o plasma crystalexperiments that allow scientists to study crystallization and melting o dusty plasma inmicrogravity by direct viewing o those phenomenon. e equipment includes a tensor unit,turbo pump, and two TEAC Aerospace Technologies video tape recorders are part o thetelescience equipment. Video recordings o the plasma crystal ormation process, along withparameters such as gas pressure, high-requency radiated power and the size o dust particlesare downlinked to Earth or analysis.

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WHAT IT DOES



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An ISS investigator recently patented the Microparticle AnalysisSystem and Method, an invention or a device that detects andanalyzes microparticles. is technology supports the chemical andpharmaceutical industries and is one o a sequence o inventions relatedto technology development or experiments on the ISS and Shuttle,including the Microencapsulation Electrostatic Processing System(MEPS) experiment that demonstrated microencapsulation processingo drugs, a new and powerul method or delivering drugs to targetedlocations. MEPS technologies and methods have since been developed

that will be used to deliver microcapsules o anti-tumor drugs directly totumor sites as a orm o cancer therapy.

Advanced Diagnostic Ultrasound in Microgravity (ADUM)e ultrasound is the only medical imaging device currently availablen the ISS. is experiment demonstrated the diagnostic accuracy ultrasound in medical contingencies in space and determined thebility o minimally trained crewmembers to perorm ultrasoundxaminations with remote guidance rom the ground. e telemedi-ine strategies investigated by this experiment could have widespreadpplication and have been applied on Earth in emergency and ruralare situations. In act, the benefts o this research are being used in

roessional and amateur sports rom hockey, baseball, and ootballeams to the U.S. Olympic Committee. Sport physicians and trainersan now perorm similar scans on injured players at each o theirespective sport complexes by taking advantage o ultrasound expertsvailable remotely at the Henry Ford Medical System in Detroit.

is is an excellent example o how research aboard the ISS con-nues to be put to good use here on Earth while, at the same time,aving the way or our uture explorers.

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WHAT IT DOES



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Laboratory Research

NASA astronaut Nicole Stott, Expedition 21 ight engineer, installs hardware inthe Fluids Integrated Rack (FIR) in the Destiny laboratory of the ISS.

Japanese Experiment Module External Facility (JEM EF) with the RemoteManipulator System arm and three payloads installed.

e laboratories o the ISS are virtually complete; key researchacilitiesscience laboratories in spaceare up and running. In2008, the ESA Columbus and JAXA Kibo laboratories joined theU.S. Destiny Laboratory and the Russian Zvezda Service Module.Zvezda was intended primarily to support crew habitation butbecame the frst multipurpose research laboratory o the ISS. Inaddition, the U.S. has expanded its user base beyond NASA to othergovernment agencies and the private sectors to make the ISS a U.S.

National Laboratory.As all ISS partner nations begin their research programs,

international collaboration and interchange among scientistsworldwide is growing rapidly. Over the fnal years o assemblyin 20092010, the initial experiments have been completed inthe newest racks, the crew size on board ISS has doubled to sixastronauts/cosmonauts, and in 2010 we will transition rom earlyutilization to ull utilization o ISS. e ISS labs are GO!

is high-ying international laboratory is packed with some o themost technologically sophisticated acilities that can support a widerange o scientifc inquiry in biology, human physiology, physical anmaterials sciences, and Earth and space science. ere is probably nsingle place on Earth where you can fnd such a laboratoryappromately the size o an American ootball feld (including the end zonand having the interior volume o 1.5 Boeing 747 jetlinerswith ties to conduct the breadth o research that can be done aboard the

Keep turning the pages to learn more about this amazing laboratoryorbiting approximately 350 km (220 mi) above us.

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WHAT IT DOES

LABORATORY RESEARCH


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Laboratory Facilities

SS Laboratory Research Rack Locations at Assembly Complete

Physical Sciences andMaterials ResearchP

Human ResearchH

Biological SciencesB

European LaboratoryColumbus

Japanese LaboratoryKibo

.S. Laboratoryestiny

ULF-4 Utilization/Stowage/Future

NASA

JAXA

ESA

Earth ScienceE

Systems and Stowage

MultipurposeM

Astronaut Karen Nyberg works in the newly installed Kibo Japanese Pressurized Module.

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WHAT IT DOES

LABORATORY FACILITIES


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U.S. Lab after deploymenThe Pressurized MatingAdapter (PMA) is located the forward berthing ring

Destiny Racks

EXPRESS

Rack 1

EXPRESS

Rack 2

EXPRESS

Rack 6

EXPRESS

Rack 7

Combustion

Integrated Rack

(CIR)

Fluids

Integrated Rack

(FIR)

Materials Science

Research Rack-1

(MSRR-1)

Window Observational

Research Facility

(WORF)

Minus Eighty-Degree

Laboratory Freezer for

ISS (MELFI-2)

Sub-rack-sized experi-ments with standardutilities such as power,data, cooling, and gases.


A complementary uidphysics research facilitydesigned to accommodate

a wide variety of micro-gravity experiments.

Accommodates studiesof many different typesof materials.

Provides a facility forEarth science researchusing the Destiny science

window on the ISS.

A refrigerator/freezer forbiological and life sciencesamples.



Used to performsustained, systematiccombustion experimentin microgravity.

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WHAT IT DOES

DESTINY RACKS


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View of the Japanese ExperimentModule (JEM) Pressurized Module(JPM), Japanese ExperimentLogistics Module-PressurizedSection (ELM-PS), mounted ontop), and JEM Exposed Facility(JEM-EF) mounted to the left. TheJEM Remote Manipulator System(JEM-RMS) can be seen mountedto the left, above the JEM-EF.

Kibo Racks

Minus Eighty-Degree


ISS (MELFI-1)

Saibo

Experiment Rack

Minus Eighty-Degree


ISS (MELFI-3)

EXPRESS

Rack 4

EXPRESS

Rack 5

Ryutai

Experiment Rack


Sub-rack-sized experi-ments with standardutilities such as power,

data, cooling, and gases.



A multipurpose payloadrack system that sustainslife science experiment

units inside and suppliesresources to them.

A multipurpose payloadrack system that supportsvarious uid physics

experiments.

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WHAT IT DOES

KIBO RACKS


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The ColumbusLaboratory attachedto Node 2/Harmony.Columbuss externalpayload facility is on themodules left.

Columbus Racks

EXPRESS

Rack 3

Microgravity Science

Glovebox

(MSG)

Muscle Atrophy

Research and Exercise

System (MARES)

Human Research

Facility

(HRF-1)

Biological Experiment

Laboratory

(BioLab)

European

Drawer Rack

(EDR)

European Physiology

Module

(EPM)

Fluid Science

Laboratory

(FSL)

Human Research

Facility

(HRF-2)


Provides a safe contain-ment environment forresearch with liquids,combustion, andhazardous materials.

Used for researchon musculoskeletal,biomechanical, andneuromuscular humanphysiology.

Enable researchers tostudy and evaluate thephysiological, behavioral,and chemical changesinduced by long-durationspace ight.

Enable researchers tostudy and evaluate thephysiological, behavioraand chemical changesinduced by long-duratiospace ight.

Used to perform spacebiology experiments onmicroorganisms, cells,

tissue cultures, small plants,and small invertebrates.

Provides sub-rack-sizedexperiments with standardutilities such as power,

data, and cooling.

Investigates the effects ofshort- and long-durationspace ight on the human

body.

A multi-user facility forconducting uid physicsresearch in microgravity

conditions.

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WHAT IT DOES

COLUMBUS RACKS


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Express Logistics Carrier (ELC) Resources

Mass capacity 4,445 kg (9,800 lb)

Volume 30 m3

Power 3 kW maximum, 113-126 VDC

Low-rate data 1 Mbps (MIL-STD-1553)

High-rate data 95 Mbps (shared)

Local areanetwork

6 Mbps (802.3 Ethernet)

ELC Adapter Resources

Mass capacity 227 kg (500 lb)

Volume 1 m3

Power 750 W, 113 to 126 VDC500 W at 28 VDC per adapter

Thermal Active heating, passive cooling


Medium-rate data

6 Mbps (shared)

Kibo Exposed Facility Resources

Mass capacity 521.63 kg Standard Site2494.8 kg Large Site

Volume 1.5 m3

Power 3 kW max, 113-126 VDC

Thermal 36 kW cooling


High-rate data High Rate Data: 43 Mbps (shared)Ethernet: 10Mbps

Columbus External Payload Facility (CEPF) Resources

Mass capacity 226.8 kg

Volume 1 m3

Power 2.5 kW max, 120 VDC (shared)

Thermal Passive


Medium-

rate data

2 Mbps (shared)10 Mbps (Ethernet)

External ResearchAccommodations

ELC Single Adapter Site Flight ReleasableAttachment Mechanism(FRAM)

Flight ReleasableGrapple Fixture(FRGF)

Passive UmbilicalMating Assembly (UMA)

Keel Assembly

Remotely Operated ElectricalUmbilical-Power DistributionAssembly (ROEU-PDA)

Express CarrierAvionics (EXPRESS)

Passive Common

Attach System (PCAS)

Deck

Power Video GrappleFixture (PVGF)

External Payload AccommodationsExternal payloads may be accommodated at several locations on the U.S. S3 and P3 Trusssegments. External payloads are accommodated on an Expedite the Processing o Experi-ments to the Space Station racks (EXPRESS) Logistics Carrier (ELC). Mounting spacesare provided, and interaces or power and data are standardized to provide quick andstraightorward payload integration. Payloads can be mounted using the Special Purpose

Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM), Dextre, on the ISSs robotic arm.

External Earth and Space Science hardware platorms are located at various places alongthe outside o the ISS. Locations include the Columbus External Payload Facility (CEPF),Russian Service Module, Japanese Experiment Module Exposed Facility (JEM-EF),our EXPRESS Logistics Carriers (ELC), and the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS).External acility investigations include those related to astronomy; Earth observation; andexposure to vacuum, radiation, extreme temperature, and orbital debris.

External Research Locations

External Unpressurized Attachment Sites Stationwide U.S. Shared

U.S. Truss 8 8

Japanese Exposed Facility 10 5

European Columbus Research Laboratory 4 2

Total 22 15

European Columbus Research Laboratoryexternal mounting locations on thestarboard endcone.

Japanese Experiment Module ExposedFacility (JEM-EF)

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WHAT IT DOES

EXTERNAL RESEARCH ACCOMMODATIONS


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Power

3, 6, or 12 kW, 114.5 to 126 voltage, direct current (V

Data

Low rate MIL-STD-1553 bus 1 M

High rate 100 Mbps

Ethernet 10 Mbps

Video NTSC

Gases

Nitrogen ow 0.1 kg/min minimum517 to 827 kPa, nomin1,379 kPa, maximum

Argon, carbon dioxide,helium

517 to 768 kPa, nomin1,379 kPa, maximum

Cooling Loops

Moderate temperature 16.1 to 18.3 C

Flow rate 0 to 45.36 kg/h

Low temperature 3.3 to 5.6 C

Flow rate 233 kg/h

Vacuum

Venting 103 torr in less than 2 for single payload of 1

Vacuum resource 103

torr

Internal ResearchAccommodations

International Pressurized SitesTotal byModule U.S. Shared

U.S. Destiny Laboratory 13 13

Japanese Kibo Laboratory 11 5

European Columbus Laboratory 10 5

Total 34 23

Research Rack Locations

Installation of a rack in the U.S.Lab prior to launch.

Astronauts install a rack in theU.S. Laboratory.

Upper Snubber

Actuator #7Accelerometer #3

RemoteElectronicsUnit #3

Actuator #8


Controller


Actuator Driver

Actuator #5

Accelerometer#2

Sash & Coldplate

Hardback

Actuator #4

Actuator #6

Actuator #3

Actuator #1

Actuator #2

Accelerometer #1UpperSnubber

Several research acilities are in place aboard the ISS to support microgravity scienceinvestigations, including those in biology, biotechnology, human physiology, materialscience, physical sciences, and technology development.

Standard Payload Racks

Research payloads within the U.S., European, and Japanese laboratories typicallyare housed in a standard rack, such as the International Standard Payload Rack(ISPR). Smaller payloads may ft in a Shuttle middeck locker equivalent and becarried in a rack ramework.

Active Rack Isolation System (ARIS)

e ARIS is designed to isolate payload racks rom vibration. e ARIS is anactive electromechanical damping system attached to a standard rack that sensesthe vibratory environment with accelerometers and then damps it by introducing acompensating orce.

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WHAT IT DOES

INTERNAL RESEARCH ACCOMMODATIONS


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WHAT IT DOES


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Te ISS is an unprecedented technological and political achievement in

global human endeavors to conceive, plan, build, operate, and utilize a

research platform in space. It is the latest step in humankinds quest to

explore and live in space.

As on-orbit assembly of the ISS is completedincluding all

international partner laboratories and elementsit has developed into

a unique research facility capable of unraveling the mysteries of life on

Earth. We can use the ISS as a human-tended laboratory in low-Earth

orbit to conduct multidiscipline research in biology and biotechnology,

materials and physical science, technology advancement and

development, and research on the eects of long-duration space ight

on the human body. Te results of the research completed on the ISS

may be applied to various areas of science, enabling us to improve life

on this planet and giving us the experience and increased

understanding to journey to other worlds. research

guide

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RESEARCH GUIDE


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RESEARCH GUIDE


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Multipurpose Facilities

European Drawer Rack (EDR) [ESA]is a multidiscipline acility to support up toseven modular experiment modules. Each payload will have its own cooling, power, dcommunications, vacuum, venting, and nitrogen supply. EDR acilitates autonomouoperations o subrack experiments in a wide variety o scientifc disciplines.

Protein Crystallization Diagnostics Facility (PCDF) is the frst ESA experimentperormed with the EDR rack. Its main science objectives are to study the protein crystagrowth conditions by way o nonintrusive optical techniques like Dynamic Light Scatte(DLS), Mach-Zehnder Intererometry (MZI), and classical microscopy. Understandinghow crystals grow in purely diusive conditions helps defne the best settings to get orgacrystals as perect as possible. Later on these crystals will be preserved and analyzed via

X-rays on Earth to deduce the three-dimensional shape o proteins.

Multipurpose Small Payload Rack (MSPR)[JAXA] has two workspaces and one workbenchand can hold equipment, supply power, andenable communication and video transmission.With such general characteristics, MSPR canbe used in various elds of space environmentuse not only for science, but also for culturalmissions.

Expedite the Processing ofExperiments to Space Station(EXPRESS) Racks [NASA] aremodular multipurpose payload racksthat store and support experimentsaboard the ISS. e rack providesstructural interaces, power, data,cooling, water, and other itemsneeded to operate the scienceexperiments on the ISS. Experiments

are exchanged in and out o theEXPRESS Rack as needed; somesubrack multi-user acilities (likethe European Modular CultivationSystem [EMCS]) will remain inEXPRESS or the lie o the ISS,

while others are used or only a shortperiod o time.

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MULTIPURPOSE FACILITIES


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Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) [ESA, NASA] provides a sae environmentor research with liquids, combustion, and hazardous materials on board the ISS.Crewmembers access the work area through ports equipped with rugged, sealed gloves.

A video system and data downlinks allow or control o the enclosed experiments romthe ground. Built by ESA and operated by NASA, MSG is the largest glovebox own in space.

Minus Eighty-Degree Laboratory Freezer for ISS (MELFI) [ESA, NASA] is a rerigera-tor/reezer or biological and lie science samples collected on the ISS. ese ESA-built

and NASA-operated reezers store samples at temperatures o +4 C to as low as 80 C,and each has a volume o 175 L o samples.

Microgravity Experiment Research Locker/ncubator (MERLIN) [NASA] can be useds either a reezer, rerigerator, or incubatorbetween 20.0 C to 48.5 C) and has a volume 4.17 L.

General Laboratory Active Cryogenic ISSEquipment Refrigerator (GLACIER) [NASA]erves as an on-orbit ultra-cold reezer (as low as165 C) and has a volume o 11.35 L.

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RESEARCH GUIDE

MULTIPURPOSE FACILITIES

Portable Glove Box (PGB) [ESA] is a smallglovebox that can be transported around the ISSand used to provide two levels of containment forexperiments in any laboratory module. Three levelsof containment can be achieved by placing thePGB inside the larger volume of the MSG.

Gloveboxes provide containment ofexperiments, ensuring that hazardous materialsdo not oat about the cabin. The MicrogravityScience Glovebox (MSG) has been the mostheavily used facility during ISS construction.

In one short period in 2008, it was used for acombustion experiment, for a study of complexuids, and to harvest plants. A wide variety ofexperiments will be using the versatile MSGaccommodation and functional capabilities.


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EXPRESS Rack Designs

Over 50 percent o the capabilities o EXPRESS Racks are available or new researchequipment. EXPRESS Racks are the most exible modular research acility available onISS and are used or NASA and international cooperative research.

EXPRESS 1Destiny

ISSLocker

ISS

Locker

ISSLocker

ISSLocker

ISS

Locker

ISSLocker

MAMS

SAMS-RTS1SAMS-II-ICU

ARIS-POPCGBA5

ABRSISS

Locker

ELITE

VCAM

ELITE-S2 KuREC

ISSLocker

ISSLocker

EXPRESS 2Destiny

ISS

Locker

ISS

Locker

ISSLocker

ISSLocker

EMCS

EMCS ISISDwr

EXPRESS 3Columbus

SDRUMS-AGM

SpaceDRUMS-PM

SDRUMS-IPM

SDRUMS-APEM

SDRUMS-PCEM

SDRUMSD1SDRUMSD2

EXPRESS 5Kibo

CSA-

APEX

Cube

Lab-2CubeLab-1

ISSLocker

DECLIC

ISSLocker

ISS

Locker

ISISDwr SAMS-RTS2

EXPRESS 4Kibo

MERLIN 1

FoodWarmer

FoodWarmer

ISSLocker/ReservedforGalley

GalleyPotableWater

Dispenser

GLACIER

FU1

CUCU

ISSLocker

EXPRESS 6Destiny

Systemshardware

Facilitiescurrentlyin use

Availablefor futureutilization

Water-cooledpayloads

EXPRESS 7Destiny

ISSLocker

ISSLocker

ISSLocker

ISSLocker

ISSLocker

ISSLocker

ISS

LockerISS

Locker

ISISDwr ISIS Dwr

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RESEARCH GUIDE

EXPRESS RACK DESIGNS


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Biological Research

Biological Laboratory (BioLab) [ESA] issed to perorm space biology experiments on

microorganisms, cells, tissue cultures, small plants,nd small invertebrates, and it will allow a betternderstanding o the eects o microgravitynd space radiation on biological organisms.

BioLab includes an incubator with a microscope,pectrophotometer, and two centriuges torovide artifcial gravity. It also has a glovebox andwo cooler/reezer units.

Biotechnology Specimen TemperatureController (BSTC) [NASA] includes arefrigerator, incubator, and cryo-drawer, as wellas envrionmental and atmospheric control togrow and maintain mammalian cell cultures inmicrogravity.

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Advanced Biological Research System (ABRS)[NASA] is a single locker system with two growthchambers. Each growth chamber is a closedsystem capable of independently controllingtemperature, illumination, and atmosphericcomposition to grow a variety of biologicalorganisms including plants, microorganisms, andsmall arthropods (insects and spiders).

The rst plant experiments in ABRS willinclude the rst trees own in space (willows fora Canadian study of cambium formation), andan American study will use green uorescentproteins as environmental stress indicators.

Waving and Coiling of ArabidopsisRoots at Different g-levels (WAICO)was the rst experiment conductedin BioLab. Plant growth is impactedby several factors (i.e., temperature,humidity, gravitropism, phototropism,and circumnutation). Shoots/stemsand roots develop following complexphenomena at micro-/macroscopiclevels. The goal of this experimentwas to understand the interaction ofcircumnutation (the successive bowingor bending in different directions of thegrowing tip of the stems and roots) andgravitropism (a tendency to grow towaror away from gravity) in microgravity an1-g ofArabidopsis thaliana wild type anan agravitropic mutant.

Exposure Experiment (Expose) [ESA] is amulti-user acility accommodating experimentsin the ollowing disciplines: photo processing,photo-biology, and exobiology. Expose allowsshort- and long-term exposure o experimentsto space conditions and solar UV radiation onthe ISS. e Expose acilities are installed on theexternal suraces o Zvezda service module andColumbus module.

Mice Drawer System (MDS) [NASA, ASI] is hardware provided by the Italian SpaceAgency (ASI) that uses a validated mouse model to investigate the genetic mechanismsunderlying bone mass loss in microgravity. MDS is a multiunctional and multiusersystem that allows experiments in various areas o biomedicine, rom research onorgan unction to the study o the embryonic development o small mammals undermicrogravity conditions. Research conducted with the MDS is an analog to the humanresearch program, which has the objective to extend the human presence saely beyondlow-Earth orbit.

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eOSTEO Bone Culture System [CSA] provides theright conditions to grow bone cells in microgravity.This culture system has been used successfully onU.S. Space Shuttle and Russian Foton recoverableorbital ights, and is also available for use in bonecell culture on ISS.

Understanding the cellular changes in bonecells in orbit could be key for understanding thebone loss that occurs in astronauts while they arein space.

Aquatic Habitat (AQH) [JAXA]enables breeding experiments

with medaka or zebrafsh inspace, and those small reshwater

fsh have many advantages as oneo the model animals or study.e AQH is composed o twoaquariums, which have automaticeeding systems, LED lights togenerate day/night cycle, andcharge-coupled device (CCD)cameras or observation.

Kriogem-3M [Roscosmos] is a rerigerator-ncubator used or stowage o biological samplesnd or the culture and incubation o bioreactorsuch as Recomb-K. Bioreactors are specializedardware or growing cells, tissues, and

microorganisms.

Saibo Experiment Rack (Saibo) [JAXA] is a multipurpose payload rack system that sustainslife science experiment units inside and supplies resources to them. Saibo consists of a CleanBench, a glovebox with a microscope, and a Cell Biology Experiment Facility (CBEF), whichhas incubators, a centrifuge, and sensors to monitor the atmospheric gases.

Saibo means living cell. The rst use of Saibo was for studies of the effects ofradiation on immature immune cells.

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LADA Greenhouse [Roscosmos] Since its launch in 2002, the LADA greenhouse hasbeen in almost continous use or growing plants in the Russian segment. It has supporteda series o experiments on undamental plant biology and space arming, growing multiplegenerations o sweet peas, wheat, tomatoes, and lettuce.

NASA and Roscosmos have used the LADA greenhouse in cooperative tests todetermine the best ways to keep roots moist in space. Bioregenerative lie support romphotosynthesis may be an important component o uture spacecrat systems.

Commercial Generic Bioprocessing Apparatus(CGBA) [NASA] provides programmable, accuratetemperature controlfrom cold stowage to acustomizable incubatorfor experiments thatexamine the biophysical and biochemical actionsof microorganisms in microgravity. CGBA can beused in a wide variety of biological studies, suchas protein crystal growth, small insect habitats,plant development, antibiotic-producing bacteria,and cell culture studies.

CGBA, operated by Bioserve SpaceTechologies, is a key facility being used byU.S. investigators as part of the ISS NationalLaboratory initiative.

European Modular Cultivation System (EMCS)[ESA, NASA] allows for cultivation, stimulation,and crew-assisted operation of biologicalexperiments under well-controlled conditions(e.g., temperature, atmospheric composition,water supply, and illumination). It is being usedfor multi-generation experiments and studies ofgravitational effects on early development andgrowth in plants and other small organisms.

The EMCS has two centrifuges, spinning atup to twice Earths gravity. Different experimentcontainers can hold a variety of organisms,such as worms and fruit ies, as well as seedsand plants. The EMCS has already supported anumber of plant growth experiments operated byESA, NASA, and JAXA.

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European Physiology Module (EPM)[ESA] is designed or investigating theeects o microgravity on short-term andlong-duration space ights on the humanbody and includes equipment or studiesin neuroscience, and in cardiovascular,bone, and muscle physiology, as well asinvestigations o metabolic processes. ecardiolab instrument was provided by theFrench Space Agency (CNES) and German

Aerospace Center (DLR).

Human Physiology Research

SLAMMD

Clinical Ultrasound

Refrigerated Centrifuge

Human Research Facility (HRF-1 and HRF-2) [NASA] enables human lie scienceesearchers to study and evaluate the physiological, behavioral, and chemical changes inducedy long-duration space ight. HRF-1 houses medical equipment including a Clinical

Ultrasound, the Space Linear Acceleration Mass Measurement Device (SLAMMD)or measuring on-orbit crewmember mass, devices or measuring blood pressure and heartunction, and a Refrigerated Centrifuge or processing blood samples. e equipment iseing used to study the eects o long-duration space ight on the human body. Researchers

will use the ISS to understand the physiology and to test countermeasures that will preventegative eects o space travel, and enable humans to travel beyond Earth orbit.

Techniques developed or using ultrasound technology on the ISS are now being used inrauma acilities to more rapidly assess serious patient injuries.

SLAMMD and PFS are used by ightsurgeons during periodic medicalexams on the ISS. Understanding thegradual deconditioning of astronautsand cosmonauts during their stay onthe ISS is critical for developing betterexercise capabilities for explorationbeyond Earth orbit.

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Pulmonary Function System (PFS) [ESA,NASA] is hardware developed collaborativelyby ESA and NASA. It includes four componentsthat are needed to make sophisticated studiesof lung function by measuring respired gases inastronaut subjects. It includes two complimentaryanalyzers to measure the gas composition ofbreath, the capability to make numerous differentmeasurements of lung capacity and breathvolume, and a system to deliver special gasmixtures that allow astronauts to perform specialtests of lung performance. ESA will also beoperating a small portable version of the system(portable PFS) that can be used in the variouslaboratory modules.

Anomalous Long erm Eects in AstronautCentral Nervous System (ALEA) [ASI, NAESA]ALTEA is a helmet-shaped device holdisix silicon particle detectors that has been usedmeasure the eect o the exposure o crewmemto cosmic radiation on brain activity and visua

perception, including astronauts perceptionso light ashes behind their eyelids as a resulto high-energy radiation. Because o its abilityto be operated without a crewmember, it is alsbeing used as a portable dosimeter to providequantitative data on high-energy radiation parpassing into the ISS.

ALTEA-Dosi capabilities are also used togive additional inormation on the exposure crewmembers to radiation during their stays ISS or use in health monitoring. ALTEA-Sh

will provide data about radiation shielding eby a variety o special materials.

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Percutaneous Electrical Muscle Stimulator(PEMS) [ESA] is a self-contained, locker-stoweditem. Its purpose is to deliver electrical pulsestimulation to nonthoracic muscle groups of thehuman test subject, thereby creating contractileresponses from the muscles. The PEMS supportsneuromuscular research. It provides single pulses orpulse trains according to a preadjusted program.

e Combined Operational Load Bearing External Resistive Exercise readmillCOLBER) [NASA] can collect data such as body loading, duration o session, andpeed or each crewmember.

e Advanced Resistive Exercise Device (ARED) [NASA] is systems hardware thatrovides exercise capabilities to crewmembers on the ISS. e ARED also collects dataegarding the parameters (loads, repetitions, stroke, etc.) associated with crew exercise andransmits it to the ground.

e Cycle Ergometer with Vibration Isolation System (CEVIS) [NASA] provideshe ability or recumbent cycling to provide aerobic exercise as a countermeasure toardiovascular deconditioning on orbit.

e second generation o exercise equipment used or daily exercise on board the ISSollects inormation on protocols and orces that are used as supplemental data or studies muscle and bone loss and cardiovascular health during long-duration space ight.

ARED CEVISCOLBERT

Muscle Atrophy Research Exercise System(MARES)[ESA]will be used or research onmusculoskeletal, biomechanical, and neuromuscularhuman physiology to better understand the eectso microgravity on the muscles. is instrument iscapable o assessing the strength o isolated musclegroups around joints by controlling and measuring

relationships between position/velocity and torque/orce as a unction o time.

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H-REFLEXBISE

Human Research Hardware [CSA] isused cooperatively with other internatiohardware or better understanding o thphysiological responses to space ight. hardware includes radiation dosimeters(Extravehicular Activity Radiation

Monitoring [EVARM]) and hardware asotware or studying hand-eye coordinaand visual perception (Perceptual MotoDecits in Space [PMDIS], Bodies Inthe Space Environment [BISE]) andneurophysiology(Eects of Altered Graon Spinal Cord Excitability [H-Reex

PMDISEVARM

Measuring Radiation Hazards in Space (Matryoshka) [ESA, Roscosmos, NASA,JAXA] is a series of investigations to measure radiation doses experienced byastronauts in space outside (MTR-1) and at various locations inside (MTR-2) theISS. Matryoshka uses a mannequin of a human torso made of plastic, foam, and areal human skeleton. The torso is equipped with dozens of radiation sensors thatare placed in strategic locations throughout its surface and interior to measure howsusceptible different organs and tissue may be to radiation damage experienced byastronauts in space. Research institutes from around the world have collaboratedand shared data from the project. The results will give the radiation dose distributioninside a human phantom torso for a better correlation between skin and organ doseand for better risk assessment in future long-duration space ight.

Participants from 10 countries provided dosimeters and other components ofMatryoshka, making it one of the largest multinational collaborative investigationson the ISS. The Matryoshka program started in 2004 and will incrementallycontinue for some years.

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Human Life Research [Roscosmos]ncludes a variety o devices and systemsesigned to study human lie in space.

Components o the system o equipmentnclude the Cardiovascular System Research

Rack, Weightlessness Adaptation Study Kit,mmune System Study Kit, and Locomotorystem Study Facility.

WeightlessAdaptation

LocomotorSystem

Human Research Hardware [JAXA] includes aportable Digital Holter ECG recorder or 24-hourelectrocardiogram monitoring o cardiovascularand autonomic unction o the astronauts.

e recorded data are downlinked throughthe Multi-Protocol Converter (MPC) and crewPassive Dosimeter for Lifescience Experiment

in Space (PADLES), which is a passive dosimeterthat records the personal dose o the astronauts.e dose records are used to assess a radiationexposure limit o each astronaut.

Human physiology research is coordinatedby an internal working group to coordinateexperiments and share data. An astronaut orcosmonaut can participate in as many as 20physiology experiments during his or her stayon the ISS.

Crew PADLES

Digital Holter ECG

Hand Posture Analyser (HPA) [NASA, ASI] iscomposed of the Handgrip Dynamometer/PinchForce Dynamometer, the Posture AcquisitionGlove and the Inertial Tracking System (ITS) forthe measurement of nger position and upperlimb kinematics. The HPA examines the wayhand and arm muscles are used differently duringgrasping and reaching tasks in weightlessness.

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Fluid Science Laboratory (FSL) [ESA] is a multi-user acility or conducting uidphysics research in microgravity conditions. e FSL provides a central location toperorm uid physics experiments on board the ISS that will give insight into the phyo uids in space, including aqueous oams, emulsions, convection, and uid motionUnderstanding how uids behave in microgravity will lead to development o new udelivery systems in uture spacecrat design and development.

Physical Science andMaterials Research

Combustion Integrated Rack (CIR) [NASAis used to perorm sustained, systematic combtion experiments in microgravity. It consists oan optics bench, a combustion chamber, a ueand oxidizer management system, environmenmanagement systems, and interaces or sciencdiagnostics and experiment-specifc equipmenas well as fve dierent cameras to observe thepatterns o combustion in microgravity or a wvariety o gases and materials.

Geoow Interferogram Image

10080

60

40

20

0

10.5

0-0.5

-1-1-0.50

0.5

1-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

y x

z

GEOFLOW was the rst experimentcontainer processing FSL. The rstexperiment in the FSL studied a model of

liquid core planets.

The Multi-User Droplet Combustion ApparatusFlame Extinguishment Experiment (MDCA-FLEX) [NASA] creates droplets of fuel that ignite while suspended in a containment chamber.

An example of a burningdroplet from a previousspace combustionexperiment.

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Fluids Integrated Rack (FIR) [NASA] is a complementary uidphysics research acility designed to accommodate a wide varietyo microgravity uid experiments and the ability to image theseexperiments. e FIR eatures a large user-confgurable volumeor experiments. e FIR provides data acquisition and control,sensor interaces, laser and white light sources, advanced imagingcapabilities, power, cooling, and other resources. e FIR will

host uid physics investigations into areas such as complex uids(colloids, gels), instabilities (bubbles), interacial phenomena(wetting and capillary action), and phase changes (boiling andcooling). Fluids under microgravity conditions perorm dierentlythan those on Earth. Understanding how uids react in theseconditions will lead to improved designs on uel tanks, watersystems, and other uid-based systems.

e FIR includes the Light Microscopy Module (LMM). eLMM is a remotely controllable (commanded rom the ground),automated microscope that allows exible imaging (bright feld, darkfeld, phase contrast, etc.) or physical and biological experiments.

Kobairo Rack with Gradient Heating Furnace (GHF) [JAXA] isn electrical urnace to be used or generating high-quality crystalsrom melting materials. It consists o a vacuum chamber and threendependently movable heaters, which can realize high temperatureradient up to 150 C/cm.

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Materials Science Research Rack (MSRR-1)[ESA, NASA] provides a powerful, multi-userMaterials Science Laboratory (MSL) in themicrogravity environment of the ISS and canaccommodate studies of many different typesof materials. Experiment modules that containmetals, alloys, polymers, semiconductors,ceramics, crystals, and glasses can be studied todiscover new applications for existing materialsand new or improved materials (crystal growth,longer polymer chains, and purer alloys). MSRRwill enable this research by providing hardwareto control the thermal, environmental, andvacuum conditions of experiments; monitoringexperiments with video; and supplying powerand data handling for specic experimentinstrumentation.

Ryutai Experiment Rack (Ryutai) [JAXA] is a multipurpose payload rack system thatsupports various uid physics experiments. Ryutai consists o our sub-rack acilities:Fluid Physics Experiment Facility (FPEF); Solution Crystallization ObservationFacility (SCOF); Protein Crystallization Research Facility (PCRF); and ImageProcessing Unit (IPU). Ryutai enables teleoperations o the experiments providing theelectrical power, ground command and telemetry monitoring, water cooling, and gassupply to those sub-rack acilities.

Ryutai means uid. e JAXA experiment Ice Crystal examines the actors thatlead to the pattern ormation in ice crystals in microgravity.

Experiments in the MSRR are coordinated byinternational teams that share different partsof the samples. There are 25 investigatorson 3 research teams participating in the rstof these investigations. MSLColumnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in SolidicationProcessing and Microstructure Formation inCasting of Technical Alloys under Diffusive(MSL-CETSOL) and Magnetically ControlledConvective Conditions (MICAST) are twoinvestigations that support research intometallurgical solidication, semiconductorcrystal growth (Bridgman and zone melting), andmeasurement of thermo-physical properties ofmaterials.

Sample Cartridge Assembly

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Materials International Space Station Experiment (MISSE) [NASA] is a series oexternal exchangeable test beds or studying the durability o materials such as optics,sensors, electronics, communications devices, coatings, and structural materials. To date,a total o seven dierent MISSE experiments have been attached to the outside o the ISSand evaluated or the eects o atomic oxygen, vacuum, solar radiation, micrometeorites,direct sunlight, and extremes o heat and cold. is experiment allows the developmentand testing o new materials to better withstand the rigors o space environments. Results

will provide a better understanding o the durability o various materials when they areexposed to such an extreme environment. Many o the materials may have applications inthe design o uture spacecrat.

Results rom MISSE tests have led to changes in materials used in dozens ospacecrat built over the last 5 years.

Super-High temperature Synthesis

in space (SHS) [Roscosmos] Thisexperiment is designed to develop a veryinteresting eld of material science inspace for fabrication and repair (welding,joining, cutting, coating, near-net-shapeproduction, etc.) in microgravity and evenon the Moon and other planets. Russianscientists have a very good collaborationin this eld of investigation on the ISSwith other partners (Europe, Japan,Canada). This process is a combinationof several gravity-affected physicaland chemical processes, operating attemperatures of synthesis up to 3,000 K.

Device for the study of Critical Liquids andCrystallization (DECLIC) [CNES, NASA] is amulti-user facility developed by the ESA-memberagency Centre National dtudes Spatiales(French Space Agency, [CNES]) and own incollaboration with NASA. It was designed to

conduct experiments in the elds of uid physicsand materials science. A special insert allows thestudy of both ambient-temperature critical pointuids and high-temperature super-critical uids.Another class of insert will study the dynamicsand morphology of the fronts that form as a liquidmaterial solidies.

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Replaceable Cassette-Container (SKK or CKK) [Roscosmos] is mounted on theoutside o the ISS to test materials that are directly exposed to the harsh environment ospace. CKKs are detachable cassette containers that measure the level and composition ocontamination and monitor the change in operating characteristics or samples o materialsrom the outside suraces o the ISS Russian segment. e CKK is a two-ap structureand consists o a casing and spool holders containing samples o materials o the outsidesuraces o the ISS Russian segment modules, which are exposed within the cassettes.

Bar and Expert Experiments [Roscosmos]use a unique set of instruments for temperaturecartography, ultrasonic probing, and pyro-endoscopic analysis of potentially dangerous place

on board the ISS. Zones of possible formation ofcondensation have been revealed, and potentialcorrosion damage has been evaluated.

Space Dynamically Responding UltrasonicMatrix System (SpaceDRUMS) [NASA]will provide a suite of hardware capable offacilitating containerless advanced materialsscience, including combustion synthesis anduid physics. SpaceDRUMS uses ultrasoundto completely suspend a baseball-sized solidor liquid sample during combustion withoutthe materials ever contacting the containerwalls. Such advanced ceramics productionmay have applications in new spacecraft orextraterrestrial outposts, such as bases onthe Moon.

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Earth and Space Science

e presence o the ISS in low-Earth orbit provides a unique vantage point or collectingEarth and space science data. From an average altitude o about 400 km, details in sucheatures as glaciers, agricultural felds, cities, and coral rees taken rom the ISS canbe layered with other sources o data, such as orbiting satellites, to compile the mostcomprehensive inormation available.

Lat. 52N

Lat. 52S

Shuttle Secondary

Landing Site

Population Coverage 95%

Primary RussianLaunch Site

Shuttle Primary Launchand Landing Site

BaikonurKSCDFRC

51.6 Inclination

Equator

Diatomia [Roscosmos] is an investigationaimed at the detection and study of oceanbioproductivity. Experiment Seiner istargeted on monitoring of ocean sh-rich areasand on communication with shing boats.

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External Earth and space science hardware platorms are located at various places alongthe outside o the ISS. Locations include the Columbus External Payload Facility (CEPF),Russian Service Module, Japanese Experiment Module Exposed Facility (JEM-EF), ourEXPRESS Logistic Carriers (ELC) and the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS).

Two external facili ties, EuTEF and Solar, providesites for a variety of external material science andsolar research experiments. In the future, the ACESpayload with two high-precision atomic clocks and theAtmosphere Space Interaction Monitor (ASIM) will

be deployed on CEPF.

Columbus-External Payload Facility

(Columbus-EPF) [ESA] provides our poweexternal attachment site locations or scientifpayloads or acilities and is being used by ESand NASA. e frst two European payloadson Columbus-EPF are major multi-useracilities in themselves. EuEF (EuropeanTechnology Exposure Facility) is a set o ninedierent instruments and samples to supportmultidisciplinary studies o the ISS externalenvironment, rom radiation and spaceenvironment characterization to organic andtechnology materials exposure. Solar (Sun

Monitoring on the External Payload Facility)is a triple spectrometer observatory that iscurrently measuring solar spectral irradiance.Knowledge o the solar energy irradiance intEarths atmosphere and its variations is ogreat importance or atmospheric modeling,atmospheric chemistry, and climatology.

EuTEF

ELC-2 ELC-4 CEPF ELC-3AMS ELC-1 JEM-EF

External Universal Workstations (9) on theRussian Service Module

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Earth Resources Sensing andGeophysics Instruments [Roscosmos]are used in studies of geophysics, naturalresources, and ecology. Fialka is anultraviolet imager and spectrometer usedto study radiation emitted by reactions ofpropulsion system exhaust products fromISS, Progress, and Soyuz vehicles withatomic oxygen. It is also used to study thespatial distribution and emission spectraof atmospheric phenomena such asairglow. Rusalka is a microspectrometer forcollecting detailed information on observedspectral radiance in the near IR wavebandfor measurement of greenhouse gasconcentrations in the Earth atmosphere.

Expedite the Processing of Experimentsto the Space Station (EXPRESS) LogisticsCarrier (ELC) [NASA] is designed to supporexternal payloads mounted to the the ISStrusses, as well as store external spares (calledOrbital Replacement Units) needed overthe lie o the ISS. Two ELCs are currentlyon board the ISS, and two additional ELCs

will be delivered as part o the fnal assemblymissions. Two ELCs are attached to thestarboard truss 3 (S3), and two ELCs areattached to the port truss 3 (P3). Attaching atthe S3/P3 sites enables a variety o views suchas zenith (deep space) or nadir (Earthward)direction with a combination o ram(orward) or wake (at) pointing that allowsor many possible viewing opportunities.

Rusalka

Fialka

EM Exposed Facility (JEM-EF) [JAXA] is an unpressurized pallet structure attached to theapanese Experiment Module (JEM), Kibo. is external platorm will be used or research in areasuch as communications, space science, engineering, materials processing, and Earth observation.

e ICS (Inter-Orbit Communication System) is used to downlink data to Earth.e frst JAXA experiments or the JEM-EF are SEDA-AP (Space Environment Data

Acquisition equipment-Attached Payload), which measures the space environment around theSS), MAXI (Monitor o All-sky X-ray Image), an instrument to monitor the X-ray sources inpace), and SMILES (Superconducting Submillimeter-wave Limb-emission Sounder), whichnables global observation o trace gases in the stratosphere.

SEDA-AP MAXIICS

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Window Observational Research Facil(WORF) [NASA] provides a acility or

Earth science research using the Destinyoptical-quality science window on theISS. WORF provides structural hardwaravionics, thermal conditioning, and anoptical-quality window to support a widvariety o remote sensing instrumentsoperating in the shirtsleeve environmenthe pressurized ISS laboratory.

Destiny eatures an Earth observatiwindow with the highest quality optics eown on a human-occupied spacecrat.sensing instrument to be used in WORFISSAC (International Space Station

Agricultural Camera) is an inrared camthat will take requent images o growincrops to help armers manage their land

Te Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS-02) [NASA] is a state-o-the-art particlephysics detector constructed, tested, and operated by an international team composedo 60 institutes rom 16 countries and organized under United States Department oEnergy (DOE) sponsorship. e AMS-02 will use the unique environment o space toadvance knowledge o the universe and lead to the understanding o the universes originby searching or antimatter and dark matter and measuring cosmic rays. As the frst long-duration magnetic spectrometer in space, AMS-02 will collect inormation rom cosmicsources emanating rom stars and galaxies millions o light-years beyond the Milky Way.

Cosmic Ray Detectors and Ionosphere Probes[Roscosmos] are important for studies ofcosmic rays and the low-Earth orbit environment.Platan is an external detector for cosmic rays,BTN is an external detector measuring neutronux, andVsplesk is an external detector forgamma rays and high-energy charged particles.Two packages, Impulse and Obstanovka,include ionosphere probes and pulsed plasmasource (IPI-100) for making measurements of

the ionosphere parameters and plasma-wavecharacteristics and are planned for launch andmounting outside the ISS in the future.

Platan

BTN

The Global Transmission Services (GTS)Experiment is continuously operatingwithin an ESA/Russian cooperation on theRussian segment of the ISS and is testingthe receiving conditions of a time and datasignal for dedicated receivers on the ground.The time signal has special coding to allowthe receiver to determine the local timeanywhere on Earth. The main objectives ofthe experiment are to verify the performanceand accuracy of a time signal transmittedto Earths surface; the signal quality anddata rates achieved on the ground; andmeasurement of disturbing effects suchas Doppler shifts, multipath reections,shadowing, and elevation impacts.

Vsplesk

WORFGTS

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Expedition 20 represented a milestone on board the ISS. It was the frst time eachinternational partner had a representative on board the station at the same time.

Gennady Padalka

Russia

Roscosmos

Robert Thirsk

Canada

CSA

Koichi Wakata

Japan

JAXA

Michael Barratt

United States

NASA

Roman Romanenko

Russia

Roscosmos

Frank De Winne

Belgium

ESA

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HOW ITS PUT TOGETHER

how

itsp

utto

gether

Te International Space Station (ISS) was an experiment in design,

development, and assembly of an orbital space facility. Its modular

design was dictated in part by the launch vehicle payload bay size

and the requirement to make system components maintainable,

replaceable, and able to t through a hatch.

Te ISS modules serve as a habitat for its crew and provide ports

for docking and berthing resupply ships. Te ISS functions as a

microgravity and life sciences laboratory, test bed for new

technologies, and platform for Earth and celestial observations.


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Length 8.5 m (28 ft)

Length with attachedCommon BerthingMechanism (CBM)

9.2 m (30.2 ft )

Width 4.3 m diameter (14 ft)

Mass 14,515 kg (32,000 lb)24,023 kg (52,962 lb)with all racks and out

Exterior Aluminum, 3 cylindricasections, 2 endcones

Number of racks 24 (13 scientic and11 system)

Windows 1, with a diameter of50.9 cm (20 in)

Launch date February 7, 2001STS-98

5A

U.S. Laboratory ModuleDestinyNASA/Boeing

e U.S. Laboratory Module, called Destiny, is the primary research laboratory or U.S.payloads, supporting a wide range o experiments and studies contributing to health,saety, and quality o lie or people all over the world.

Science conducted on the ISS oers researchers an unparalleled opportunity totest physical processes in the absence o gravity. e results o these experiments willallow scientists to better understand our world and ourselves and prepare us or uturemissions. Destiny provides internal interaces to accommodate 24 equipment racks oraccommodation and control o ISS systems and scientifc research.

Alexander Skvortsov in U.S. LaboratoryDestiny.

Rack Locations (24)

Hatch and BerthingMechanism Endcone

Airow and PlumbingCrossover

Corner Standoffs forUtilities and Plumbing (4)

Doug Wheelock as he retrieves 2D Nano Template sample bagsfrom the Minus Eighty Laboratory Freezer for ISS (MELFI) in U.S.Laboratory Destiny.

Astronaut Nicole Stott uses a communicationsystem while installing the Light MicroscopyModule (LMM) Spindle Bracket Assembly in

the Fluids Integrated Rack (FIR) in the Destinylaboratory of the ISS.

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ESA Astronaut Paolo A.Nespoli, posing in theColumbus module witha model of Columbusoating in front of him.

Power Data GrappleFixture (PDGF) formaneuvering byremote manipulatorsystem

Trunnion Pin formounting in SpaceShuttle

ExternalPayload Facility

e Columbus Research Laboratory is Europes largest contribution to the construction othe ISS. It supports scientifc and technological research in a microgravity environment.Columbus is a multiunctional pressurized laboratory permanently attached to Node 2 othe ISS. Astronauts will carry out experiments in materials science, uid physics, lie sci-ence, and technology.

European Research LaboratoryColumbusEuropean Space Agency (ESA)/European Aeronautic

Defence and Space Co. (EADS) Space Transportation

Length 6.9 m (22.6 ft)

Diameter 4.5 m (14.7 ft)

Masswithout payloadwith payload

10,300 kg (22,700 lb)19,300 kg (42,550 lb)

Launch date February 7, 2008STS-1221E

Racks 10 InternationalStandard Payload

Racks (ISPRs) Columbus attached to the ISS.

Columbusinterior

with ESAastronautFrank De

Winne.

Crewmember TracyCaldwell workingwith stowage inColumbus.

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EUROPEAN RESEARCH LABORATORY


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PM ELM-PS

Diameter 4.4 m (14.4 ft) 4.4 m (14.4 f

Length 11.2 m (36.7 ft) 3.9 m (12 ft)

Mass 15,900 kg(35,050 lb)

4,200 kg(9,260 lb)

Launch date May 31, 2008STS-1241J

March 11, 20STS-1231J/A

EF

Dimensions 5.6 5 4 m (18.4 16.4 13.1

Mass 4,000 kg (8,820 lb)

Launch date July 15, 2009STS-1272J/A

JEM Remote Manipulator System

Main Arm length 9.9 m (32.5 f

Small Fine Arm length 1.9 m (6.2 ft)

Japanese Experiment ModuleKibo (Hope)Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)/Mitsubishi

Heavy Industries, Ltd.

Common BerthingMechanism

ExperimentRacks

JEM Pressurized Module

PM/EFMatingMechan

PaylAirlo

JEM Remote ManipuSystem (JEM-RMS)

Workstatio

RackStowage Rac

Power System Ra

Environmental Controland Life-Support/ThermalControl System Rack

CommunicationsRack

RMSConsole

Berthed toNode 2

GPS Antennas

Japanese ExperimentModule PressurizedModule (JEM-PM)

Experiment LogisticsModule PressurizedSection (ELM-PS)

Small Fine Arm

Main Arm

PayloadAirlock

Window

Exposed Facility (EF)

Experiment LogisticsModule ExposedSection (ELM-ES)

Japanese Experiment Module RemoteManipulator System (JEM-RMS)

Trunnion

EF Viewing Facility

Interorbit CommunicationsSystem (ICS)

EF

EF Berthing Mechanism

EF Bus Units

Fine Arm Stage

Experiments

e Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), known as Kibo (pronounced key-bow),which means hope in Japanese, is Japans frst human-rated space acility and theJapan Aerospace Exploration Agencys (JAXAs) frst contribution to the ISS program.

Kibo was designed and developed with a view to conducting scientifc research activi-ties on orbit. In Kibo, a maximum o our astronauts can perorm experimental activities.

Currently, educational, cultural, and commercial uses o Kibo are also planned.us, as a part o the ISS, Kibo will provide extensive opportunities or utilization othe space environment.

Resources necessary or Kibos on-orbit operation, such as air, power, data, andcooling uid, are provided rom the U.S. segment o the ISS.

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JAPANESE EXPERIMENT MODULE


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Nodes

Nodes are U.S. modules that connect the elements o the ISS. Node 1, called Unity, was thefrst U.S.-built element that was launched, and it connects the U.S. and Russian segments.

Node 2 and Node 3 are European-built elements and are each one rack bay longerthan Node 1. Node 2 connects the U.S., European, and Japanese laboratories, as well asPMA-2. It oers two additional berthing ports. Node 3 is attached to the port side oNode 1 and provides accommodation or lie-support equipment.

Node 1

Node 1

Node 3

Node 3

Node 2

Node 2

Node 3Node 1

Node 2

Mechanical assembliesincluding berthing mechanisms and hatches, cable harnesses for electrical anddata systems routing, and uid lines for thermal controladd to the complexity of the node modules.

Astronaut Susan Helms oating in Node 1.

Mealtime in Node 1 with Expedition 23 and STS-131crewmembers.

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NODES


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Width (diameter) 4.3 m (14 ft)

Mass 11,895 kg (26,225 lb)

Exterior Aluminum cylindricalsections, 2 endcones

Number of racks 4

Launch date December 4, 1998STS-88

2A

Node 1s six ports provide berthing connections to the Z1 Truss, U.S. Laboratory Module,Airlock, Node 3, and PMAs. e Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) logistics carri-ers are berthed at Node 1 during some Shuttle visits.

Node 1UnityNASA/Boeing

Placement of 4racks in Node 1.

Node 1 is shown with the Russiansegment FGB to the right (aft), the U.S.Laboratory to the left (fore), the U.S.Airlock at the bottom (starboard), and

PMA-3 at the top (port).

Expedition 23 crewmembers in Node 1.

Interior of Node 1 looking in to Node 3.

Astronaut Frank L. Culbertson, Jr., Expedition 3mission commander, takes a break from his dutieas he plays with a miniature basketball and net inUnity node on the ISS.

Astronaut Jeffrey N. Williams (left), Expedition 13 NASA ISS science ofcer and ight engineer; EuropeanSpace Agency (ESA) astronaut Thomas Reiter, ight engineer; and cosmonaut Pavel V. Vinogradov,commander representing Russias Federal Space Agency, pose for a photo near the Unity nodesgrowing collection of insignias represent ing crews who have lived and worked on the ISS.

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NODE 1 UNITY


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Node 2 has been built in Europe by ales Alenia Space Italy (TAS-I) under contract othe European Space Agency. It incorporates six docking ports: two in the longitudinalaxis and our on two radial perpendicular axes. Node 2 is attached to the orward end othe U.S. laboratory and connects Columbus, the European laboratory, on the starboardside; Kibo, the Japanese laboratory, on the port side; the Pressurized Mating Adaptor 2(PMA-2) on the orward side, which provides the primary docking location or the SpaceShuttle; and the H-II Transer Vehicle (HTV), a Japanese automatic carrier vehicle that

will bring cargo to the ISS, on the nadir (Earth-acing) side. Note that the nadir portalso serves as the MPLM docking port during Shuttle missions while the zenith port is abackup port. In addition, Node 2 provides the vital unctional resources or the operationo the connected elements, namely the conversion and distribution o the electrical power

heating, cooling resources rom the ISS Integrated Truss, and support o the data andvideo exchange with the ground and the rest o the ISS.

Initially Node 2 was berthed on the starboard port of Node 1. The ISSs remote manipulator moved Node2 to the forward port of the U.S. Lab. PMA2 is berthed to the front port of Node 2.

Node 2HarmonyESA/Thales Alenia Space Italy (TAS-I)

Permanent crew quarters were added to Node 2,permitting expansion of the total ISS crew size to6. Crew quarters are rack-sized containers built assmall state-rooms for the off-duty crewmember.Each crew quarter contains lighting, Station SupportComputer (SSC) laptop connectivit y, power, fans,ventilation, and caution and warning.

View of Node 2 as it was being closed out for launch.



Mass 14,787 kg (32,599 lb)


Number of racks 8

Launch date October 23, 2007STS-120

10A

Clay Anderson, Naoko Yamazaki, Rick Mastracchio,and Dorothy Metcalf-Lindenburger in Node 2

Harmony during STS-131/Expedition 23 JointDocked OPS.

Node 2 after its installation during STS-120.

View looking intoNode 2 from the PMA

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NODE 2 HARMONY


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Node 3TranquilityESA/Thales Alenia Space Italy (TAS-I)

Node 3 was built in Europe by ales Alenia Space Italy (TAS-I) under contract o theEuropean Space Agency. Node 3 is attached to the port side o Node 1, and the Cupola isberthed on its nadir (Earth acing) port. e PMA-3 is attached to the Node 3 port. ezenith port has been inhibited and modifed to become the parking location o the ISS:Special Purpose Dexterous Manipulator (SPDM). e orward and at ports are availableor urther ISS additions.

Node 3 accommodates ISS air revitalization, oxygen generation, and water recoverysystems. It also accommodates the bathroom or the crew hygiene and exercisingequipment such as a treadmill and type o weight-liting device.



Mass 17,992 kg (39,665 lb)


Number of racks 8

Launch dates February 8, 2010STS-130

20A

Node 3 hatch opening.

STS-130 commander George Zamka is photo-graphed in Node 3 during Expedition 22/STS-130joint operations.

In the grasp of the Canadarm2, thePressurized Mating Adapter 3 (PMA-3) isrelocated from the Harmony node to theopen port on the end of the newly installedTranquility node.

Expedition 22 commander Jeffrey Williams andSTS-130 mission specialist Kathryn Hire are pho-tographed in Node 3 during Expedition 22/STS-130joint operations.

Crewmembers work to outt Node 3 duringExpedition 22/STS-130 joint operations.

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NODE 3 TRANQUILITY


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Width 4.0 m (13.1 ft)

Mass 9,923 kg (21,877 lb)

Launchdate

July 12, 2001STS-104

7A

Crewmember exits the airlockextravehicular hatch.

Space Shuttle mission STS-104 berths Questto the starboard side of Node 1 in July 2001.

Astronaut Tim Kopra, next to two EMUspacesuits, looks over a checklist in the Questairlock.

Crewmember entering the airlockextravehicular hatch.

AvionicsRack

Cabin AirRack

Cabin AirVent

Light

Nitrogen Tank

OxygenTank

Nitrogen Tank

OxygenTank

OxygenTank

EVA Hatch

Toolbox 1

Toolbox 2

e Quest airlock provides the capability or extravehicular activity (EVA)using the U.S. Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU). e airlock consists otwo compartments: the Equipment Lock, which provides the systems andvolume or suit maintenance and reurbishment, and the Crew Lock, whichprovides the actual exit or perorming EVAs. e Crew Lockdesign is based on the Space Shuttles airlock design.

Joint AirlockQuestNASA/Boeing

EVA Hatch

IntravehicularHatch

Common BerthingMechanism andNode Hatch

Don/DoffAssembly

Battery StowageAssembly (BSA)

Power SupplyAssembly (PSA)

Battery Charging Assembly (BCA)

Extravehicular Mobility Unit(EMU) Water Recharge Bag

In-Flight Rell Unit (IRU)

EquipmentLock

CrewLock

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JOINT AIRLOCK


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Window Assembly(1 top and 6 sidewindows withfused silica andborosilicate glasspanes, window

heaters, andthermistors)

Forged/MachinedAluminum Dome

Payload Data GrappleFixture (PDGF)

CupolaESA/Thales Alenia Italy (TAS-I)

e Cupola (named ater the raised observation deck on a railroad caboose) is a smallmodule designed or the observation o operations outside the ISS such as robotic activities,the approach o vehicles, and extravehicular activity (EVA). It was built in Europe byales Alenia Space Italy (TAS-I) under contract o the European Space Agency. Itprovides spectacular views o Earth and celestial objects. e Cupola has six side windows

and a top window, all o which are equipped with shutters to protect them romcontamination and collisions with orbital debris or micrometeorites. e

Cupola is designed to house the robotic workstation that controls theISSs remote manipulator arm. It can accommodate two crewmemberssimultaneously and is berthed to the Earth acing side o Node-3 using a

Common Berthing Mechanism (CBM).

Crewmember TJ Creamer with a view of Earth through the Cupolas windows.

Command and control workstation based on portablecomputer system.

Crewmember George Zamka looking out throughthe Cupolas windows with shutters open.

The Cupola in development.

Height 1.5 m (4.7 ft)

Diameter 3 m (9.8 ft)

Mass 1,880 kg (4,136 lb)

Capacity 2 crewmembers withportable workstation

Launch date February 8, 2010

STS-13020A

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CUPOLA


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MPLM Raffaello berthed on Node 1.

Derived rom the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM), the Italian-builtPermanent Multi-Purpose Module (PMM) is berthed to the nadir port o Node 1. Itcan host up to 16 racks containing equipment, experiments, and supplies, and it has anadditional storage space or bags in the at endcone.Mounted in the Shuttles cargo bay or launch, the module will be transerred to the ISSusing the ISSs robotic arm ater the Shuttle has docked.

It will be then activated and integrated to the ISS, providing an additional

Reference Guide to the International Space Station Assembly Complete Edition November 2010

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