Reference Architecture for Enterprise Integration CIMOSA GRAI/GIM PERA Dima Nazzal.

Reference Architecturefor Enterprise Integration

CIMOSA GRAI/GIM PERA

Dima Nazzal

DefinitionsEnterprise: a complex set of business processes that can be designed to accomplish a specific set of objectives.Enterprise integration (agile manufacturing, business process reengineering, CIM): The coordination of the operation of all elements of the

enterprise working together in order to achieve the optimal fulfillment of the mission of that enterprise as defined by enterprise management.1

Architecture: A description (often graphical) of the structure of

something 1. A structured plan, a framework on the basis of which a

product or an organization of an enterprise can be constructed2

Definitions Reference model: a general model that

can be used as a base to derive other models from.

Reference Architecture: is a structured set of models which represent the building blocks of the system.3

Enterprise Integration Reference Architecture: is a framework in which enterprise related concepts are organized.

The most known reference architectures are: CIMOSA, GRAI-GIM and PERA

The Enterprise Model Requirements

The enterprise model which fits the specific objectives of the particular enterprise should: identify the different processes in the enterprise. contain the machines, the information, the

transfer of information, the human involvement and the functions that have to be carried out.

address design activities, manufacturing processes, the way materials are ordered, moved and transformed into products.

Enterprise ModelingEnterprise modeling has to fulfill several requirements to achieve efficient and effective enterprise integration: provide a modeling language easily understood by

non-IT professionals, but sufficient for modeling complex industrial environments.

provide a modeling framework which: covers the life cycle of enterprise operation from

requirements definition to end of life. enables focus on different aspects of enterprise

operation by hiding those parts of the model not relevant for the particular point of view.

supports re-usability of models or model parts

Open System Architecture for CIM - CIMOSA

In 1985, the ESPRIT Consortium AMICE started to work on the definition and specification of a CIM architecture for enterprise integration. CIMOSA (completed in 1996) is pre-modeling solution which provides a framework based on the system life cycle concept

CIMOSA

CIMOSA Reference Architecture supports the description of the enterprise, from the management level to the shop floor levelCIMOSA consists of: Enterprise modeling framework (reference

architecture) Enterprise modeling language Integrating infrastructure

CIMOSA Enterprise RA

CIMOSA Enterprise Modeling Constructs (building blocks)

CIMOSA Process Based Enterprise Modeling

Domains with interacting Domain

Processes

CIMOSA Process Based Enterprise Modeling

CIMOSA Process Based Enterprise Modeling

Decomposition of a Domain Process into Business Processes and Enterprise Activities

CIMOSA Process Based Enterprise Modeling

CIMOSA Process Based Enterprise Modeling

Domain Process Representation as a network of

Enterprise Activities

CIMOSA Process Based Enterprise Modeling

CIMOSA Process Based Enterprise Modeling

Functional Operations executed by Functional

Entities (Resources)

CIMOSA Process Based Enterprise Modeling

FO1: set down vehicle

FO2:clasp the lot

FO3:pull up vehicle

FE1:vehicle controller

X X X

CIMOSA Integrating Infrastructure

The Integrating Infrastructure provides a set of service entities for model engineering and enterprise operation control.

Relations between the Enterprise System Life Cycle and the progress of the modeling process

GIM-GRAI Integrated Methodology

Developed by the laboratory for automation and production at the university of Bordeaux- France since 1970’s. GIM is composed of the following elements: GRAI conceptual model: a representation of basic concepts of a

manufacturing system decomposed into three sub-systems: physical system, decision and information system.

GIM modeling framework (RA) with three dimensions: views, life cycle, and abstraction level.

GIM structured approach: guide to show how to perform analysis and design of the manufacturing system in three main phases: analysis, user-oriented design, and technical-oriented design.

GIM modeling formalisms (languages): GRAI grid and GRAI nets for decision system modeling, IDEF0 and stock/resource for physical system modeling, ER for information system modeling, IDEF0 for functional system modeling.

GIM Conceptual Model

GIM Modeling Framework and RA

GIM Structured Approach

GIM Modeling Formalisms

Purdue Enterprise Reference Architecture - PERA

PERA was developed at Purdue University during the period 1989-91.The simplifying concepts of systems engineering in enterprise integration The mission Separation of functions Networks of tasks The place of the human The life cycle Planning and organization of the integration effort

(the master plan)

PERA - Enterprise Integration Project Phases

Phase

Title Description

1 Identification of the Enterprise Business

Identity and boundaries of the enterprise

2 Project Concept Mission, vision and values

Operational policies

3 Project Definition Identify requirements, tasks and modules

Develop flow diagram or other models

of the Enterprise Entity

4 Project Specification or Preliminary Design

Identify human tasks, initial choice and specification of human organization

Identify information and control equipment and mission fulfillment equipment

The master

plan

PERA - Enterprise Integration Project Phases

Phase

Title Description

5 Completion of all detailed design needed for construction phase

Detailed design of human and organizational information, control, customer product and service components of the enterprise

6 Implementation,test and commissioning phase

Conversion of detailed design to actual plant elements, testing, operational trials and acceptance or commissioning

7 Operations phase The enterprise is carrying out its mission

8 Decommissioning Enterprise has come to the end of its economic life

PERA RA

PERA- Models and tools involved at each phase of the life cycle

GERAM

The IFAC/IFIP Task Force on Architectures for Enterprise Integration was formed by IFAC (The International Federation of Automatic Control) and IFIP (The International Federation for Information Processing) in August 1990.The Task Force objective was to contribute a single, universally accepted architecture, framework, or model for enterprise integration.They developed the architectural specification GERAM (Generalized Enterprise Reference Architecture and Methodology). Task Force recognized three RA:

CIMOSA GRAI-GIM PERA

The "matrix" model for GERAM was developed by combining the distinctive characteristics of each of three studied architectures into one diagram.

Components of the GERAM Framework

EnterpriseReference

Architecture

EnterpriseEngineering

Tools

ReferenceModels

EnterpriseModules

EnterpriseModels

EnterpriseOperational

Systems

ModelingConcepts

EnterpriseModeling

Languages

EnterpriseEngineeringMethodology

employs utilize

Implemented in

supportsupports

used to build

used to implement

Comments on CIMOSAliked Did not like

Structuring of RA into generic and partial modeling levels

Support for function, information, resource, and organization modeling views.

Specifying the processes and exchange of information using domain processes, events, and object views.

Constructs definitions are not very clear.

Requirements definition level modeling is not well defined

No reference models to design the system

Comments on GIM-GRAILiked Did not like

Addition of the decisional view.

Some reference models have been developed

Requirements definition level modeling is not well defined.

Comments on PERALiked Did not like

The focus on preparing the master plan

Emphasis on defining the role of human

covers all phases of the enterprise life cycle

lack of modeling formalisms.

methodology is not clearly defined

References1. T. J. Williams. 1998. “PERA and GERAM – Enterprise

Reference Architecture for Enterprise Integration”. iies.www.ecn.purdue.edu/IIES/PLAIC/PERA-GERAM_10-98.pdf

2. http://cimosa.cnt.pl/Docs/Primer/primer0.htm3. D. Chen, B. Vallespir and G. Doumeingts. 1997. “GRAI

integrated methodology and its mapping onto generic enterprise reference architecture and methodology” Computers in Industry. V33 p387-394.

4. G. Doumeingts B. Vallespir, and D. Chen. 1995. “Methodologies for designing CIM systems: A survey”. V25 p263-280

5. http://www.cit.gu.edu.au/~bernus/taskforce/geram/versions/geram1-6-3/v1.6.3.html